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Price and Barrow, 2004). The evaluation of the i-Safe programme was an attempt to use amore rigorous longitudinal design including a test group and a control group. The findingswere that students in the test group gained considerable knowledge on how to use theInternet safely, and that the changes were statistically significant and remained overtime. However, “For behavior, the findings were not as positive. For the most part, therewere no significant changes in behavior between the treatment and comparison groupson all scales” (Chibnall, Wallace, Leicht and Lunghofer, 2006). In summary, there seemsto be little existing evidence that safety-guidelines education influences children’s onlinebehaviour, even though the different awareness campaigns significantly increase the levelof knowledge of how to behave safely on the Internet.The paper acknowledges the considerable work that has been done in generatinginformation and educational materials for young people, teachers and parents, alongwith the development of helplines. However, few information tools or education toolshave been evaluated for their impact on the behaviour of the target groups. We mightconclude that in spite of considerable investment in this area there is little evidence thatsuch strategies influence behaviour, as opposed to attitudes or level of knowledge.6.2 The role of industry, the private sector and NGOs6.2.1 INHOPEOne of the recommendations made by the thematic paper for the Second World Congresswas that more hotlines were needed to assist with the reporting and removal of childpornography. In 2001 there were 15 members of INHOPE drawn from 12 countries, andas of 2008 this has grown to 28. INHOPE’s 2007 Global Internet Trend Report (INHOPE,2007) indicates that during the last quarter of 2006 the hotline network processed anaverage of 91,000 reports per month. Approximately 35,000 of these reports werereceived from the public, and 19,000 were determined to refer to either illegal or harmfulcontent (not actionable by the hotlines but accepted as being ‘disturbing’ to some people).INHOPE determined that 9,600 reports related to child pornography, and that thisnumber was increasing at an average of 120 reports per month. However, as a percentageof all illegal or harmful content child pornography comprises approximately 50%, andis decreasing at an average rate of 2% per year. INHOPE also provides data on reportsof ‘Other Child-Related Content’ and this is comprised of: child trafficking, child-sextourism, child nudism, child grooming activities, child erotica/inappropriate images ofchildren, and adult pornography accessible to children. Some of this content is consideredillegal in most countries, but other types (such as nudity) would not be considered illegal in96|Child Pornography and Sexual Exploitation of Children Online