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Table of ContentsAcknowledgments 3Executive Summary 71. Introduction 62. Adult perpetrators of abuse 92.1 Child pornography and abusive images 92.2 Virtual child pornography 172.3 The Internet sex offender, the Internet sex exploiter and harms facilitatedby the new technologies 212.4 Who are these people? 272.5 Technologies used 312.6 The relationship between viewing and the commission of furthersexual offences against children 363. Child victims of abuse via the new technologies 393.1 Identification of the child victim in abusive images 393.2 The impact of Internet-related sexual abuse 433.2.1 Children made the subjects of abuse images 453.2.2 Working with children abused through abusive images on the Internet 503.3 Children persuaded and coerced into offline encounters leading to sexual abuse 534. Young people’s behaviour online 584.1 Accessing pornography online 584.2 Internet affordance 624.3 Staying safe on the Internet 654.4 Exploring new territories vs. unsafe practices 704.5 Young people’s sexually problematic behaviours and the new technologies 724.5.1 Sexual solicitation 724.5.2 Young people accessing child abuse images 735. Cultural and geographical diversity and the connection betweenonline exploitation and other forms of sexual exploitation of children 765.1 Cultural and geographical diversity 765.2 Internet child pornography and the law 826. Prevention and education 926.1 Youth, agency and education 926.1.1 Information materials 926.1.2 Online safety tools 936.1.3 Helplines 946.1.4 Education packages for use in school settings 94|Child Pornography and Sexual Exploitation of Children Online
6.1.5 Media co-operation 956.1.6 Evaluation of impact 956.2 The role of industry, the private sector and NGOs 966.2.1 INHOPE 966.2.2 IWF 976.2.3 IT industry response 1007. Recommendations 1037.1 Actions to be achieved in the immediate future 1037.2 Actions to be achieved by 2013 104Endnotes 105Bibliography 106Figures and Tables:Table 1: COPINE scale (Taylor et al., 2001) 14Table 2: Krone’s (2004) typology 24Table 3: Content of images acquired by offenders (Baartz, 2008) 30Table 4: Identified children reported to NCMEC by law enforcement agencies(Lee, 2008) 39Table 5: Disclosure of abuse through image production (Söderström, 2006) 47Figure 1: Cumulative distribution of files relating to age of child 33Figure 2: Ethnic groups in abuse images (Baartz, 2008) 41Figure 3: Ages of children in abuse images (Baartz, 2008) 42Figure 4: Ages of child victims on child abuse websites (IWF, 2007) 98Figure 5: Abuse image level for URLs 2004–6 (IWF, 2006) 98Figure 6: Child abuse domains by region (IWF, 2006) 99Child Pornography and Sexual Exploitation of Children Online |
Page 5: Child Pornography and SexualExploit
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryÜ This thematic p
Page 11 and 12: importance for children who are sam
Page 13 and 14: Actions to be achieved by 2013Toget
Page 15 and 16: Positive advances were also noted,
Page 17 and 18: 2. Adult perpetrators of abuse2.1 C
Page 19 and 20: 2 (c) defined child pornography as,
Page 21 and 22: Taylor, 2002). In part, this relate
Page 23 and 24: Level 7: Explicit Sexual Activity.I
Page 25 and 26: and carefree the child seems to be,
Page 29 and 30: 2.3 The Internet sex offender, the
Page 31 and 32: e criminalised before the offender
Page 33 and 34: Non-secure collector: This person p
Page 35 and 36: This section examines the potential
Page 37 and 38: about sexually abusive practices an
Page 39 and 40: Activity Number PercentagePhysical
Page 41 and 42: searched for files on Gnutella are
Page 43 and 44: for a minimum of several months, wi
Page 45 and 46: develop a risk assessment that will
Page 47 and 48: 3. Child victims of abuse via the n
Page 49 and 50: that a more conservative estimate w
Page 51 and 52: States need to demonstrate investme
Page 53 and 54: we investigate such cases and how w
Page 55 and 56: Table 5: Disclosure of abuse throug
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Silbert (1989) made reference to th
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they will have had no control over
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3.3 Children persuaded and coerced
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all crimes in which the victim thou
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situation have reported to one of t
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programmed to make them difficult t
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disorders, for young offenders with
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ealising how widely they could be c
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contexts, be seen as a consequence
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some people they connect with onlin
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Two studies by Lwin et al. (2008) l
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perhaps reaching the same conclusio
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4.5.2 Young people accessing child
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Some abusers intent on grooming you
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or young person’s experience of b
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for different psychosocial problems
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A recent study from Ukraine demonst
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paper, such as online abuse where t
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definition in Article 20 - Offences
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• Which is a visual or audio repr
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i. The display of the material by a
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sex offending, this would certainly
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the vast majority who met someone o
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6.1.6 Evaluation of impactFew infor
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most countries. However, such image
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of online child sexual abuse conten
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gambling). Based on research commis
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7. RecommendationsIn preparation of
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Endnotes1Dr. Ethel Quayle, COPINE R
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Bensimon, P. The role of pornograph
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Flood, M. Exposure to pornography a
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Joyce, E. and Kraut, R. Predicting
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Mitchell, K.J., Finkelhor, D. and W
Page 123 and 124:
Shukan Bunshun. Yoji Rape Bon ga Ba
Page 125:
Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., Mitchell,
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