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Air | FiltrationETS engineer utilizing the filtration performance test apparatus.used in coal-fired utility boilers due tothe inherent abrasiveness of glassfibers. ETS has also found the M.I.T.flex test to be very useful in the evaluationof many felts and their ability towithstand flexing against a wire cageduring pulse cleaning cycles. For nearlyall filter bag fabric types, this test canbe a leading indicator that the fabric isnearing the end of its useful service life.Filtration PerformanceThe filtration efficiency media analyzer(FEMA) test apparatus at ETS, developedin Germany and currentlysupplied by Fil T Eq GmbH, measuresfilter media performance under definedconditions with regard to filtration velocity,particle size distribution andcleaning requirements, simulating actualbaghouse conditions.ASTM InternationalIn 2002, ASTM Internationaladopted the EPA’s Environmental TechnologyVerification (ETV) baghouse filtrationtesting protocol 6 as its standard(ASTM D6830-02 7 ), promoting standardizationand consistency in performanceevaluation of these technologies.ISOIn 2011, the ISO, a worldwide voluntarystandards organization, adoptedISO 11057:2011. 8 The main purpose ofthe ISO Method is to gain informationabout both the operational performanceand the particle emission of cleanablefilter media.Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR)FTIR is a technique that uses infraredlight to observe properties of asolid, liquid, or gas. In infrared spectroscopy,IR radiation is passed througha sample. Some of the infrared radiationis absorbed by the sample and some of32 • June 2013 • www.filtnews.comit is passed through (transmitted). Theresulting spectrum represents the molecularabsorption and transmission,creating a molecular fingerprint of thesample. FTIR analysis results are generallyutilized for identification of materialsof construction (e.g., fiber type,thread type) of filter bags and /or evaluationof contaminants.Comprehensive Monitoring ProgramsLong-term monitoring programscompliment QA/QC Programs. All ofthe strength and flow tests should bedone in conjunction with each otherperiodically in order to develop the lossof strength and flow trend lines overtime. The testing program can identifywhen the bags are approaching end oflife and higher risk of failure, but cannotpredict the exact timing of the endof life of the bag set. Permeability measurementsof used bags can, by varyingthe amount of vacuuming, help to de-
termine if the bags are gradually blinding(losing permeability). Used bagtest values are compared with originalclean fabric test values to show rate andlevel of deterioration.CONCLUSIONToday, the primary reasons for conductingfabric and bag QA/QC include:1. Minimize baghouse andproduction downtime by insuringthat the specification is met andrelated bag failure precluded.2. Protect the user in the event ofwarranty issues by providingbaseline data.3. Provide an unbiased third partyassessment of fabric and bags.Current results of QA/QC testinghave shown differences in the qualityof products from various fabric andbag suppliers. Issues have includedfiltration performance, permeabilityand strength. In some cases once ETShas worked with a given supplier,their product has achieved a consistenthigh quality with few failed results.Going forward, as the emissioncodes increase and become morestringent, the role of QA/QC testingwill continue to increase in value. Additionaltest methods addressingadded speciation and condensationproducts will evolve. New innovationsin multi-component felted media 9may require additional test methoddevelopment as well. The cost of suchprograms will be additive, thus makingthe trade-off between reducingcost by reducing the sampling frequencyvs. increasing the risk of missingfaulty product locations moredifficult. The challenge will be to keepthe cost of a QA/QC program under5% of the bag set costs.FNREFERENCES1. Trenholm, A.; Mycock, J.; McKenna, J.; Kosusko, M.The Evolution of Improved Baghouse Filter Media as Observedin the Environmental Technology Verification Program,Paper # 176. Proceedings of the 101st A&WMAAnnual Conference & Exhibition, Portland, OR, June 24-27, 2008.2. ASTM Method D737-04 (2012): Standard Test Methodfor Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics (originally approved in1943). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D737.htm.3. ASTM Method D3786/D3786M-13: Standard TestMethod for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics-DiaphragmBursting Strength Tester Method (originally approvedin 1979). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D3786.htm.4. ASTM Method D5035-11: Standard Test Method forBreaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (StripMethod) (originally approved in 1990). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D5035.htm.5. ASTM Method D2176-97a (2007): Standard TestMethod for Folding Endurance of Paper by the M.I.T.Tester (originally approved in 1963). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D2176.htm.6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EnvironmentalTechnology Verification Program, ETV website:www.epa.gov./nrmrl/std/etv/vt-apc.html#bfp.7. ASTM Method D6830-02 (2008): Standard TestMethod for Characterizing the Pressure Drop and FiltrationPerformance of Cleanable Filter Media (originally approvedin 2002). Available online atwww.astm.org/Standards/D6830.htm.8. ISO Method 11057:2011: Air quality –Test method forfiltration characterization of cleanable filter media. Availableonline atwww.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50020.9. Williams, D. (2013, April 04). GE introduces next generationclean coal technology. Power Engineering International.Retrieved fromhttp://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2013/04/GE-introduces-next-generation-clean-coal-technology.html.
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