Laboratory evaluation of six formulations of spinosad in an effort to ...

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Table 2. Meteorological conditions recorded during aerial application of treatments in the grasshopper study plots near Edgemont, South Dakota, 2008. Treatment Temperatures ºF. Plot Time (AM) Ground Air Pilot Wind (mph) no. Date Start End Start End Start End Start End Dimilin + In Place 9 06/22 5:05 5:20 55 55 57 60 63 1-2 NE < 1 NE low volume 13 06/22 5:28 5:42 54 55 56 57 63 2 NE 2-3 S 19 06/23 6:43 6:55 62 62 65 65 66 1-2 N 5-6 S 21 06/24 5:02 5:15 55 56 58 57 60 1-1.5 SE < 1-1 SE Dimilin + In Place 1&16 06/24 6:03 6:19 52 56 55 60 58 1.5-2 SE 2-2.5 SE high volume 18 06/24 6:25 6:39 60 60 66 65 61 < 1 S < 1-1 S 7 06/24 6:52 7:05 64 65 65 71 61 < 1 SE < 1 SE Dimilin standard 17 06/25 5:28 5:40 54 55 58 58 60 2-3 S < 1 S 2 06/25 5:45 5:58 55 59 59 60 60 1-1.5 E < 1 E 12 06/25 6:11 6:22 59 59 61 62 60 1.5-2 S 1.5-2 S 14 06/25 6:30 6:42 61 62 62 64 60 2-3 SE 1-2 S Dimilin std – 10 ac n/a 06/25 6:55 7:01 64 64 64 65 60 3-4 E 2.5-3 E 9
Table 3. Grasshopper species composition and age structure prior to treatment near Edgemont, South Dakota, 2008. Instar Species (20-24 June 08) 1 2 3 4 5 Adult Total % Gomphocerinae Aeropedellus clavatus 1 1 0.02 Ageneotettix deorum 42 291 354 255 8 950 14.71 Amphitornus coloradus 1 10 59 92 4 166 2.57 Aulocara elliotti 8 57 315 1130 927 8 2445 37.87 Aulocara femoratum 20 89 22 4 135 2.09 Cordillacris crenulata 42 93 24 10 169 2.62 Cordillacris occipitalis 35 85 363 284 15 782 12.11 Eritettix simplex 11 11 0.17 Mermiria bivittata 2 2 0.03 Opeia obscura 7 1 8 0.12 Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum 93 88 12 2 195 3.02 Psoloessa delicatula 47 47 0.73 Melanoplinae Melanoplus confusus 1 12 45 58 0.90 Melanoplus infantilis 1 19 16 9 45 0.70 Melanoplus occidentalis 1 1 15 32 49 0.76 Melanoplus packardii 5 3 8 0.12 Melanoplus sanguinipes 68 124 334 267 12 805 12.47 Oedipodinae Hadrotettix trifasciatus 21 7 28 0.43 Metator pardalinus 1 17 3 21 0.33 Pardalophora haldemani 3 3 0.05 Spharagemon collare 1 3 2 6 0.09 Trachyrhachys kiowa 99 306 109 9 523 8.10 Totals 382 1141 1362 2164 1279 129 6457 % 5.92 17.67 21.09 33.51 19.81 2.00 10
Page 1 and 2: Laboratory evaluation of six modifi
Page 3 and 4: Spinosad works by contact and inges
Page 5 and 6: Approximately two weeks into the st
Page 7 and 8: Figure 2. Treated grass pots placed
Page 9 and 10: Mean % mortality 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 17 and 18: treatment of rangeland with diflube
Page 19 and 20: Conclusions Effective levels of con
Page 21 and 22: Figure 2. Fourth instar Ageneotetti
Page 24 and 25: August, 2008 Replacing traditional
Page 26 and 27: Materials and Methods StudySite The
Page 28 and 29: An analysis of variance was perform
Page 30 and 31: References Connin, R. V. and L. C.
Page 34 and 35: Table 4. Mean percentage mortality
Page 36 and 37: Figure 3. One of forty 0.1 m 2 ring
Page 38 and 39: Introduction Various baits (carrier
Page 40 and 41: treatments, grasshoppers in all cag
Page 42 and 43: Conover, W.J. and R.L. Iman. 1981.
Page 44 and 45: Figure 1. Bucket cage used in evalu
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5. Monitoring bucket cages u

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