Companion_to_the_Roman_Army_(Blackw(BookFi.org)

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Illustrationsxi22.6 Reconstruction of the limes fort Zugmantel and the camp vicus 41125.1 Scene from the Bridgeness distance slab depicting a ritual ofthe official army religion 45425.2 Bronze Genius from Niederbieber in Upper Germany 45625.3a Grave monument of Cn. Musius, aquilifer of Legio XIIII Gemina 45925.3b Monument of Q. Luccius Faustus, soldier of the LegioXIIII Gemina Martia Victrix 46025.4 Second-century altar from Maryport 46325.5 Bronze statuette of the Egyptian falcon-headed god Horus 46525.6a The bust of Zeus-Ammon-Sarapis, god of Legio III Cyrenaica onthe reverse of an urban coin-issue from its garrison town Bostra 47225.6b Zeus-Ammon-Sarapis, god of Legio III Cyrenaica, on the reverseof an urban coin-issue from Bostra 472FigureFigure 23.1Percentage of men currently married or commemoratedby their wives 422Maps1.1 Early Latium and its environs 914.1 Roman East: Southern Theater 24414.2 Roman East: Northern Theater 24522.1 Legionary fortresses and camps with legionary troops in theRoman Empire from Augustus until the Tetrarchy 396–7TablesTable 7.1 Census figures for the period 265 bc–ad 14 118Table 23.1 Civilian and military dedications by commemorator 420Table 23.2 Commemorations of soldiers dedicated by their wives 421
Notes on ContributorsClifford Ando is Professor of Classics and the College at the University of Chicago.He writes on the history of law, religion, and culture in the Roman world. He isauthor of Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire (2000) andeditor of Roman Religion (2003).Anthony R. Birley was Professor of Ancient History at the universities ofManchester from 1974 to 1990 and Düsseldorf from 1990 to 2002. His publicationsinclude biographies of the emperors Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Septimius Severus.He is Chair of the Trustees of the Vindolanda Trust.Lukas de Blois is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Nijmegen. Hehas published on the history of the Roman Empire in the third century ad, the LateRoman Republic, historiography (Sallust, Tacitus, Cassius Dio), Plutarch’s biographies,and Greek Sicily in the fourth century bc. He also published (with R. J. vander Spek) Introduction to the Ancient World (1997).Will Broadhead is Assistant Professor of History at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology. His research is mainly on the history of Roman Italy, with a particularinterest in geographical mobility and in the epigraphy of the Sabellic languages.Pierre Cagniart has earned his doctorate in 1986 at the University of Texas. He iscurrently Associate Professor at the Department of History at Southwest Texas StateUniversity. He has published various articles on late republican warfare and his researchinterests also include Roman law and cultural history of the Roman principate.Hugh Elton is currently associate professor in the Department of Ancient Historyand Classics at Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario. Previously he was Directorof the British Institute at Ankara. He writes on Roman military history in the lateempire, and on southern Anatolia (especially Cilicia). He is author of Warfare inRoman Europe, ad 350–425 (1996) and Frontiers of the Roman Empire (1996).
Page 2: A COMPANIONTO THEROMAN ARMYEdited b
Page 5 and 6: BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT
Page 7 and 8: © 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Page 10 and 11: ContentsList of IllustrationsNotes
Page 12 and 13: ContentsixArmy, Emperor, and Empire
Page 16 and 17: Notes on ContributorsxiiiPaul Erdka
Page 18 and 19: Notes on ContributorsxvWalter Schei
Page 20 and 21: Abbreviations of ReferenceWorks and
Page 22 and 23: Abbreviations of Reference Works an
Page 24 and 25: Abbreviations of Reference Works an
Page 26 and 27: Abbreviations of Works of Classical
Page 28 and 29: Abbreviations of Works of Classical
Page 30 and 31: IntroductionPaul ErdkampThe guiding
Page 32: Introduction 3The army retained a c
Page 36 and 37: CHAPTER ONEWarfare and the Armyin E
Page 38 and 39: FALISCANSCapenaSABINESVeiiETRURIANo
Page 40 and 41: Warfare and the Army in Early Rome
Page 54 and 55: The Army and Centuriate Organizatio
Page 64 and 65:
The Army and Centuriate Organizatio
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70:
Page 74 and 75:
CHAPTER THREEArmy and BattleDuring
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Army and Battle During the Conquest
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Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER FOURThe Age of OverseasExpa
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 652 T
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 674 W
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 69exp
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 71ins
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 73inv
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 75Amb
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 775 N
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CHAPTER FIVEThe Late RepublicanArmy
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82 Pierre Cagniartbut because there
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84 Pierre Cagniartopportunity of lo
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86 Pierre CagniartThe war in Numidi
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88 Pierre Cagniartlosing his balanc
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90 Pierre CagniartLegionaries wore
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92 Pierre Cagniart4 The Order of Ba
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94 Pierre Cagniartthis model, the R
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CHAPTER SIXWar and State Formationi
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98 Paul Erdkampinstitutions, which
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100 Paul ErdkampAuthors writing cen
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102 Paul ErdkampFood and fodderThe
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104 Paul Erdkampan equal number of
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106 Paul ErdkampIn summary, the int
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108 Paul Erdkampcrucial role. The R
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110 Paul Erdkampthe Carthaginian Se
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112 Paul Erdkamp9 Keppie 1984, 63-7
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CHAPTER SEVENRoman Manpowerand Recr
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116 Luuk de Ligt(as in the first ce
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118 Luuk de Ligtland reforms of 133
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120 Luuk de Ligtpractice of allowin
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122 Luuk de Ligtmilitary service ab
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124 Luuk de Ligtwith supplementary
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126 Luuk de Ligtclasses were regist
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128 Luuk de Ligtafter 131/0 bc. Par
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130 Luuk de Ligt—— 1994. “The
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CHAPTER EIGHTMilitary Command,Polit
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134 Nathan Rosensteinan insightful
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136 Nathan Rosensteinservice as an
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138 Nathan Rosensteintenure of the
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140 Nathan Rosensteinin each genera
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142 Nathan Rosensteintook its armie
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144 Nathan RosensteinThe answer lie
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146 Nathan Rosenstein13 Rosenstein
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CHAPTER NINEColonization,Land Distr
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150 Will Broadheadadult males is re
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152 Will Broadheadintended for othe
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154 Will BroadheadThe prohibition o
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156 Will BroadheadLatin colonies we
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158 Will Broadheadwas abandoned whe
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160 Will Broadheadthey now shared
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162 Will Broadheadafter Philippi. I
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CHAPTER TENArmy and General in theL
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166 Lukas de Bloiswar? A difficult
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168 Lukas de Bloisveterans, but as
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170 Lukas de Bloisdefied the Senate
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172 Lukas de Bloisinterests, and fe
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174 Lukas de Bloisthem were given t
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176 Lukas de Bloisthe Caesarean arm
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178 Lukas de BloisPlutarch, Caes. 3
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PART IIIThe Empire(Actium to Adrian
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184 Kate Gillivernecessity given th
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186 Kate Gilliverimperial period wa
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188 Kate Gilliverdecades of the rep
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190 Kate Gilliverevidence from some
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192 Kate Gilliversimply, moving up
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194 Kate Gilliversix centuries of 8
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196 Kate GilliverBy the third centu
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198 Kate Gilliver8 Roth 1999, 258-9
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200 Kate Gilliverof the disposition
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202 D. B. Saddington(Lat. gubernato
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204 D. B. SaddingtonPlate 12.2 Roma
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206 D. B. SaddingtonIt is not known
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208 D. B. SaddingtonMars for peace
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210 D. B. SaddingtonThe groups of s
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212 D. B. SaddingtonLike all armed
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214 D. B. Saddingtonsaid to have in
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216 D. B. Saddington8 ConclusionTo
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CHAPTER THIRTEENBattle, Tactics,and
Page 249 and 250:
220 James Thornewithout the near an
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222 James Thorne(Tacitus, Ann. 1.51
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224 James ThorneIt is noticeable th
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226 James Thorneorganization, not j
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228 James Thorneuse: Tacitus, Hist.
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230 James Thorneintruders and negat
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232 James ThorneAs in Germany, the
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234 James ThorneCornell, T. J. 1993
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236 Everett L. Wheelerin negotiatio
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238 Everett L. Wheelerof the anti-s
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240 Everett L. Wheelerdebacle at Ca
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242 Everett L. WheelerBesides exter
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5COLCHIS/Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea)
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246 Everett L. WheelerCorbulo had o
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248 Everett L. WheelerThe northern
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250 Everett L. Wheelerof offensive
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252 Everett L. WheelerRoman western
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254 Everett L. Wheelerand efforts a
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256 Everett L. Wheelercampaign and
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258 Everett L. WheelerBesides indiv
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260 Everett L. Wheelerof a Parthian
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262 Everett L. Wheelerbecame Hadria
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264 Everett L. WheelerThe anti-stra
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266 Everett L. WheelerSartre, M. 19
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268 Karl Strobelevolving process of
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270 Karl Strobelimperial escort and
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272 Karl Strobelof equestrian offic
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274 Karl Strobelarmy introduced cav
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276 Karl Strobelfor mountainous are
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278 Karl Strobelinto higher-ranking
Page 309 and 310:
280 Karl Strobeldistinction between
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282 Karl Strobelsubdivisions and th
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284 Karl StrobelIsaac, B. 1998. “
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CHAPTER SIXTEENMilitary Documents,L
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288 Sara Elise Phangexamination, th
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290 Sara Elise Phangepisodes, sickn
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292 Sara Elise PhangConfirmation th
Page 323 and 324:
294 Sara Elise PhangPlate 16.1 Stre
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296 Sara Elise Phang6 Immunes and T
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298 Sara Elise PhangA fourth of the
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300 Sara Elise Phangbiblia to Anton
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302 Sara Elise Phang2 On these part
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304 Sara Elise PhangCribiore, R. 20
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CHAPTER SEVENTEENFinances and Costs
Page 337 and 338:
308 Peter Herzfrom families in whic
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310 Peter HerzP.Gen.Lat. 1 recto I
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312 Peter Herzon local conditions.
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314 Peter HerzOne-time expensesThis
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316 Peter Herzbased on peacetime co
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318 Peter Herzwas replenished, for
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320 Peter Herzand lodging from civi
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322 Peter HerzPhang, S. E. 2001. Th
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324 Peter Kehne(Onos. 6.13; cf. Liv
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326 Peter KehneAn average of 35,000
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328 Peter Kehnemostly in vain, to t
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330 Peter KehneFundamental changes
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332 Peter Kehnehave had a similar f
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334 Peter Kehne5 Conclusion: Roman
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336 Peter Kehnevan Berchem, D. 1937
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338 Peter KehneRoth 1999, 144-6, Ki
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340 Olivier Heksterof the Roman Emp
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342 Olivier Hekstermedia which were
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344 Olivier HeksterPlate 19.2 Arch
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Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
350 Olivier Heksterin ad 244, his c
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352 Olivier Heksterimagery. When, i
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354 Olivier Heksterlinked to the fi
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356 Olivier Hekster14 Dispatches: C
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358 Olivier HeksterSyme, R. 1939. T
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360 Clifford Andoto pay its taxes a
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362 Clifford AndoIn republican thou
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364 Clifford Andowith his soldiers
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366 Clifford AndoSuch constitutiona
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368 Clifford Andobe acknowledged ki
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370 Clifford AndoThe first model, t
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372 Clifford Andocourse, the overal
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374 Clifford Andolevel, in any give
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376 Clifford Andowhatever supplies
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378 Clifford AndoIn thinking about
Page 409 and 410:
380 Anthony R. Birleythe senators t
Page 411 and 412:
382 Anthony R. Birleyadoptive fathe
Page 413 and 414:
384 Anthony R. Birleyforces, seven
Page 415 and 416:
386 Anthony R. BirleyVitellius’ p
Page 417 and 418:
388 Anthony R. Birleywatchword, the
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390 Anthony R. Birleyhad successes
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392 Anthony R. BirleyNOTES1 Stevens
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394 Anthony R. BirleyFURTHER READIN
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13128 9 11107141516617 181920 21222
Page 427 and 428:
398 Norbert Hanelterritories. In co
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400 Norbert HanelPlate 22.1 León.
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402 Norbert Hanelprovides a list of
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404 Norbert Hanel1 fortification 16
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406 Norbert Hanelto a hippodrome. C
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408 Norbert Hanelof an auxiliary un
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410 Norbert Hanelstructure of a mar
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412 Norbert Hanelyet sufficiently a
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414 Norbert Hanelalong the main roa
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416 Norbert HanelTrousset, P. 1974.
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418 Walter Scheideltheir formal mar
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420 Walter ScheidelTable 23.1Civili
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422 Walter Scheidel1009080706050403
Page 453 and 454:
424 Walter ScheidelThis pattern ass
Page 455 and 456:
426 Walter ScheidelEnlistmentAt wha
Page 457 and 458:
428 Walter Scheidelthe order of 2.6
Page 459 and 460:
430 Walter Scheidelwarm climate of
Page 461 and 462:
432 Walter ScheidelGeneral implicat
Page 463 and 464:
434 Walter ScheidelFURTHER READINGP
Page 465 and 466:
436 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinhiding plac
Page 467 and 468:
438 Gabriele Wesch-Kleincontrast to
Page 469 and 470:
440 Gabriele Wesch-Klein(consuetudo
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442 Gabriele Wesch-KleinTheodosianu
Page 473 and 474:
444 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinan honorabl
Page 475 and 476:
446 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinrusticae),
Page 477 and 478:
448 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinresponsibil
Page 479 and 480:
450 Gabriele Wesch-KleinBIBLIOGRAPH
Page 481 and 482:
452 Oliver Stoll2 The Religion of t
Page 483 and 484:
454 Oliver StollPlate 25.1 Scene fr
Page 485 and 486:
456 Oliver StollPlate 25.2 Bronze G
Page 487 and 488:
458 Oliver Stollof the camps was li
Page 489 and 490:
460 Oliver StollPlate 25.3b Monumen
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462 Oliver Stolland the commander c
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464 Oliver Stollveterans, active so
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466 Oliver Stollthe Matronae Aufani
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468 Oliver Stollhomes, if they retu
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470 Oliver Stollfor the theophoric
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472 Oliver StollPlate 25.6a From th
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474 Oliver Stollrole of the officer
Page 505 and 506:
476 Oliver StollFURTHER READINGComp
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIXWarlords and Land
Page 510 and 511:
Warlords and Landlords 481that had
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imperial. Successful campaigning re
Page 514 and 515:
Warlords and Landlords 485striking
Page 516 and 517:
Warlords and Landlords 487when the
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Warlords and Landlords 489it was ci
Page 520 and 521:
Warlords and Landlords 491resources
Page 522 and 523:
Warlords and Landlords 493BIBLIOGRA
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVENThe FoederatiTi
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The Foederati 497(deditio) the defe
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The Foederati 499Instead, there is
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The Foederati 501characterized the
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The Foederati 503formed from. The e
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The Foederati 505the ranks of the R
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The Foederati 507however fraught wi
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The Foederati 509territories and se
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The Foederati 5112 Cf. Scharf 2001,
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The Foederati 513—— 1993. “Th
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CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHTArmy and Societ
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Army and Society in the Late Roman
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Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
Army and Battle in the Age of Justi
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Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
Index locorumLITERARY SOURCESAgathi
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Index locorum 55317 230TacitusAgr.3
Page 584 and 585:
IndexA copiis militaribus 330A rati
Page 586 and 587:
Index 557Arrianus 192, 243, 262-3Ar
Page 588 and 589:
Index 559Census 26, 29-30, 37, 81,
Page 590 and 591:
Index 561Diet see foodDiocletian 25
Page 592 and 593:
Index 563Ghadames 400Ghassanid dyna
Page 594 and 595:
Index 565Latium 8-10, 25, 27, 99, 1
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Index 567Mauten 486Mavia 253, 480Ma
Page 598 and 599:
Index 569Phasis 246, 254, 532, 541,
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Index 571Scolacium 157Scordisci 86,
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Index 573Trajan 205, 213, 215, 243,
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