Companion_to_the_Roman_Army_(Blackw(BookFi.org)

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A COMPANIONTOTHE ROMAN ARMY
BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLDThis series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature,and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five andforty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in aclear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and generalreaders.Ancient HistoryPublishedA Companion to the Roman ArmyEdited by Paul ErdkampA Companion to the Roman RepublicEdited by Nathan Rosenstein andRobert Morstein-MarxA Companion to the Roman EmpireEdited by David S. PotterIn preparationA Companion to Ancient HistoryEdited by Andrew ErskineA Companion to Archaic GreeceEdited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van WeesA Companion to Julius CaesarEdited by Miriam GriffinLiterature and CulturePublishedA Companion to CatullusEdited by Marilyn B. SkinnerA Companion to Greek ReligionEdited by Daniel OgdenA Companion to Classical TraditionEdited by Craig W. KallendorfA Companion to Roman RhetoricEdited by William Dominik and Jon HallIn preparationA Companion to Classical ReceptionsEdited by Lorna HardwickA Companion to Ancient Political ThoughtEdited by Ryan K. BalotA Companion to Classical StudiesEdited by Kai BrodersenA Companion to Classical MythologyEdited by Ken Dowden and Niall LivingstoneA Companion to Greek and Roman HistoriographyEdited by John MarincolaA Companion to the Classical Greek WorldEdited by Konrad H. KinzlA Companion to the Ancient Near EastEdited by Daniel C. SnellA Companion to the Hellenistic WorldEdited by Andrew ErskineA Companion to Late AntiquityEdited by Philip RousseauA Companion to ByzantiumEdited by Elizabeth JamesA Companion to Greek RhetoricEdited by Ian WorthingtonA Companion to Ancient EpicEdited by John Miles FoleyA Companion to Greek TragedyEdited by Justina GregoryA Companion to Latin LiteratureEdited by Stephen HarrisonA Companion to the Ancient Greek LanguageEdited by Egbert BakkerA Companion to Hellenistic LiteratureEdited by Martine Cuypers and James J. ClaussA Companion to Roman ReligionEdited by Jörg RüpkeA Companion to OvidEdited by Peter KnoxA Companion to HoraceEdited by N. Gregson Davis
Page 2: A COMPANIONTO THEROMAN ARMYEdited b
Page 7 and 8: © 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Page 10 and 11: ContentsList of IllustrationsNotes
Page 12 and 13: ContentsixArmy, Emperor, and Empire
Page 14 and 15: Illustrationsxi22.6 Reconstruction
Page 16 and 17: Notes on ContributorsxiiiPaul Erdka
Page 18 and 19: Notes on ContributorsxvWalter Schei
Page 20 and 21: Abbreviations of ReferenceWorks and
Page 22 and 23: Abbreviations of Reference Works an
Page 24 and 25: Abbreviations of Reference Works an
Page 26 and 27: Abbreviations of Works of Classical
Page 28 and 29: Abbreviations of Works of Classical
Page 30 and 31: IntroductionPaul ErdkampThe guiding
Page 32: Introduction 3The army retained a c
Page 36 and 37: CHAPTER ONEWarfare and the Armyin E
Page 38 and 39: FALISCANSCapenaSABINESVeiiETRURIANo
Page 40 and 41: Warfare and the Army in Early Rome
Page 54 and 55:
The Army and Centuriate Organizatio
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Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70:
Page 74 and 75:
CHAPTER THREEArmy and BattleDuring
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Army and Battle During the Conquest
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Page 80 and 81:
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Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER FOURThe Age of OverseasExpa
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 652 T
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 674 W
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 69exp
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 71ins
Page 102 and 103:
The Age of Overseas Expansion 73inv
Page 104 and 105:
The Age of Overseas Expansion 75Amb
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The Age of Overseas Expansion 775 N
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CHAPTER FIVEThe Late RepublicanArmy
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82 Pierre Cagniartbut because there
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84 Pierre Cagniartopportunity of lo
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86 Pierre CagniartThe war in Numidi
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88 Pierre Cagniartlosing his balanc
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90 Pierre CagniartLegionaries wore
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92 Pierre Cagniart4 The Order of Ba
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94 Pierre Cagniartthis model, the R
Page 125 and 126:
CHAPTER SIXWar and State Formationi
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98 Paul Erdkampinstitutions, which
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100 Paul ErdkampAuthors writing cen
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102 Paul ErdkampFood and fodderThe
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104 Paul Erdkampan equal number of
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106 Paul ErdkampIn summary, the int
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108 Paul Erdkampcrucial role. The R
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110 Paul Erdkampthe Carthaginian Se
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112 Paul Erdkamp9 Keppie 1984, 63-7
Page 143 and 144:
CHAPTER SEVENRoman Manpowerand Recr
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116 Luuk de Ligt(as in the first ce
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118 Luuk de Ligtland reforms of 133
Page 149 and 150:
120 Luuk de Ligtpractice of allowin
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122 Luuk de Ligtmilitary service ab
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124 Luuk de Ligtwith supplementary
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126 Luuk de Ligtclasses were regist
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128 Luuk de Ligtafter 131/0 bc. Par
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130 Luuk de Ligt—— 1994. “The
Page 161 and 162:
CHAPTER EIGHTMilitary Command,Polit
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134 Nathan Rosensteinan insightful
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136 Nathan Rosensteinservice as an
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138 Nathan Rosensteintenure of the
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140 Nathan Rosensteinin each genera
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142 Nathan Rosensteintook its armie
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144 Nathan RosensteinThe answer lie
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146 Nathan Rosenstein13 Rosenstein
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER NINEColonization,Land Distr
Page 179 and 180:
150 Will Broadheadadult males is re
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152 Will Broadheadintended for othe
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154 Will BroadheadThe prohibition o
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156 Will BroadheadLatin colonies we
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158 Will Broadheadwas abandoned whe
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160 Will Broadheadthey now shared
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162 Will Broadheadafter Philippi. I
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CHAPTER TENArmy and General in theL
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166 Lukas de Bloiswar? A difficult
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168 Lukas de Bloisveterans, but as
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170 Lukas de Bloisdefied the Senate
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172 Lukas de Bloisinterests, and fe
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174 Lukas de Bloisthem were given t
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176 Lukas de Bloisthe Caesarean arm
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178 Lukas de BloisPlutarch, Caes. 3
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PART IIIThe Empire(Actium to Adrian
Page 213 and 214:
184 Kate Gillivernecessity given th
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186 Kate Gilliverimperial period wa
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188 Kate Gilliverdecades of the rep
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190 Kate Gilliverevidence from some
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192 Kate Gilliversimply, moving up
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194 Kate Gilliversix centuries of 8
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196 Kate GilliverBy the third centu
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198 Kate Gilliver8 Roth 1999, 258-9
Page 229 and 230:
200 Kate Gilliverof the disposition
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202 D. B. Saddington(Lat. gubernato
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204 D. B. SaddingtonPlate 12.2 Roma
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206 D. B. SaddingtonIt is not known
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208 D. B. SaddingtonMars for peace
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210 D. B. SaddingtonThe groups of s
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212 D. B. SaddingtonLike all armed
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214 D. B. Saddingtonsaid to have in
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216 D. B. Saddington8 ConclusionTo
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CHAPTER THIRTEENBattle, Tactics,and
Page 249 and 250:
220 James Thornewithout the near an
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222 James Thorne(Tacitus, Ann. 1.51
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224 James ThorneIt is noticeable th
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226 James Thorneorganization, not j
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228 James Thorneuse: Tacitus, Hist.
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230 James Thorneintruders and negat
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232 James ThorneAs in Germany, the
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234 James ThorneCornell, T. J. 1993
Page 265 and 266:
236 Everett L. Wheelerin negotiatio
Page 267 and 268:
238 Everett L. Wheelerof the anti-s
Page 269 and 270:
240 Everett L. Wheelerdebacle at Ca
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242 Everett L. WheelerBesides exter
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5COLCHIS/Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea)
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246 Everett L. WheelerCorbulo had o
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248 Everett L. WheelerThe northern
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250 Everett L. Wheelerof offensive
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252 Everett L. WheelerRoman western
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254 Everett L. Wheelerand efforts a
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256 Everett L. Wheelercampaign and
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258 Everett L. WheelerBesides indiv
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260 Everett L. Wheelerof a Parthian
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262 Everett L. Wheelerbecame Hadria
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264 Everett L. WheelerThe anti-stra
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266 Everett L. WheelerSartre, M. 19
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268 Karl Strobelevolving process of
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270 Karl Strobelimperial escort and
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272 Karl Strobelof equestrian offic
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274 Karl Strobelarmy introduced cav
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276 Karl Strobelfor mountainous are
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278 Karl Strobelinto higher-ranking
Page 309 and 310:
280 Karl Strobeldistinction between
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282 Karl Strobelsubdivisions and th
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284 Karl StrobelIsaac, B. 1998. “
Page 315 and 316:
CHAPTER SIXTEENMilitary Documents,L
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288 Sara Elise Phangexamination, th
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290 Sara Elise Phangepisodes, sickn
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292 Sara Elise PhangConfirmation th
Page 323 and 324:
294 Sara Elise PhangPlate 16.1 Stre
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296 Sara Elise Phang6 Immunes and T
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298 Sara Elise PhangA fourth of the
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300 Sara Elise Phangbiblia to Anton
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302 Sara Elise Phang2 On these part
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304 Sara Elise PhangCribiore, R. 20
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CHAPTER SEVENTEENFinances and Costs
Page 337 and 338:
308 Peter Herzfrom families in whic
Page 339 and 340:
310 Peter HerzP.Gen.Lat. 1 recto I
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312 Peter Herzon local conditions.
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314 Peter HerzOne-time expensesThis
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316 Peter Herzbased on peacetime co
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318 Peter Herzwas replenished, for
Page 349 and 350:
320 Peter Herzand lodging from civi
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322 Peter HerzPhang, S. E. 2001. Th
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324 Peter Kehne(Onos. 6.13; cf. Liv
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326 Peter KehneAn average of 35,000
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328 Peter Kehnemostly in vain, to t
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330 Peter KehneFundamental changes
Page 361 and 362:
332 Peter Kehnehave had a similar f
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334 Peter Kehne5 Conclusion: Roman
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336 Peter Kehnevan Berchem, D. 1937
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338 Peter KehneRoth 1999, 144-6, Ki
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340 Olivier Heksterof the Roman Emp
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342 Olivier Hekstermedia which were
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344 Olivier HeksterPlate 19.2 Arch
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Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
350 Olivier Heksterin ad 244, his c
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352 Olivier Heksterimagery. When, i
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354 Olivier Heksterlinked to the fi
Page 385 and 386:
356 Olivier Hekster14 Dispatches: C
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358 Olivier HeksterSyme, R. 1939. T
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360 Clifford Andoto pay its taxes a
Page 391 and 392:
362 Clifford AndoIn republican thou
Page 393 and 394:
364 Clifford Andowith his soldiers
Page 395 and 396:
366 Clifford AndoSuch constitutiona
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368 Clifford Andobe acknowledged ki
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370 Clifford AndoThe first model, t
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372 Clifford Andocourse, the overal
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374 Clifford Andolevel, in any give
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376 Clifford Andowhatever supplies
Page 407 and 408:
378 Clifford AndoIn thinking about
Page 409 and 410:
380 Anthony R. Birleythe senators t
Page 411 and 412:
382 Anthony R. Birleyadoptive fathe
Page 413 and 414:
384 Anthony R. Birleyforces, seven
Page 415 and 416:
386 Anthony R. BirleyVitellius’ p
Page 417 and 418:
388 Anthony R. Birleywatchword, the
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390 Anthony R. Birleyhad successes
Page 421 and 422:
392 Anthony R. BirleyNOTES1 Stevens
Page 423 and 424:
394 Anthony R. BirleyFURTHER READIN
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13128 9 11107141516617 181920 21222
Page 427 and 428:
398 Norbert Hanelterritories. In co
Page 429 and 430:
400 Norbert HanelPlate 22.1 León.
Page 431 and 432:
402 Norbert Hanelprovides a list of
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404 Norbert Hanel1 fortification 16
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406 Norbert Hanelto a hippodrome. C
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408 Norbert Hanelof an auxiliary un
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410 Norbert Hanelstructure of a mar
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412 Norbert Hanelyet sufficiently a
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414 Norbert Hanelalong the main roa
Page 445 and 446:
416 Norbert HanelTrousset, P. 1974.
Page 447 and 448:
418 Walter Scheideltheir formal mar
Page 449 and 450:
420 Walter ScheidelTable 23.1Civili
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422 Walter Scheidel1009080706050403
Page 453 and 454:
424 Walter ScheidelThis pattern ass
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426 Walter ScheidelEnlistmentAt wha
Page 457 and 458:
428 Walter Scheidelthe order of 2.6
Page 459 and 460:
430 Walter Scheidelwarm climate of
Page 461 and 462:
432 Walter ScheidelGeneral implicat
Page 463 and 464:
434 Walter ScheidelFURTHER READINGP
Page 465 and 466:
436 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinhiding plac
Page 467 and 468:
438 Gabriele Wesch-Kleincontrast to
Page 469 and 470:
440 Gabriele Wesch-Klein(consuetudo
Page 471 and 472:
442 Gabriele Wesch-KleinTheodosianu
Page 473 and 474:
444 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinan honorabl
Page 475 and 476:
446 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinrusticae),
Page 477 and 478:
448 Gabriele Wesch-Kleinresponsibil
Page 479 and 480:
450 Gabriele Wesch-KleinBIBLIOGRAPH
Page 481 and 482:
452 Oliver Stoll2 The Religion of t
Page 483 and 484:
454 Oliver StollPlate 25.1 Scene fr
Page 485 and 486:
456 Oliver StollPlate 25.2 Bronze G
Page 487 and 488:
458 Oliver Stollof the camps was li
Page 489 and 490:
460 Oliver StollPlate 25.3b Monumen
Page 491 and 492:
462 Oliver Stolland the commander c
Page 493 and 494:
464 Oliver Stollveterans, active so
Page 495 and 496:
466 Oliver Stollthe Matronae Aufani
Page 497 and 498:
468 Oliver Stollhomes, if they retu
Page 499 and 500:
470 Oliver Stollfor the theophoric
Page 501 and 502:
472 Oliver StollPlate 25.6a From th
Page 503 and 504:
474 Oliver Stollrole of the officer
Page 505 and 506:
476 Oliver StollFURTHER READINGComp
Page 508 and 509:
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIXWarlords and Land
Page 510 and 511:
Warlords and Landlords 481that had
Page 512 and 513:
imperial. Successful campaigning re
Page 514 and 515:
Warlords and Landlords 485striking
Page 516 and 517:
Warlords and Landlords 487when the
Page 518 and 519:
Warlords and Landlords 489it was ci
Page 520 and 521:
Warlords and Landlords 491resources
Page 522 and 523:
Warlords and Landlords 493BIBLIOGRA
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVENThe FoederatiTi
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The Foederati 497(deditio) the defe
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The Foederati 499Instead, there is
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The Foederati 501characterized the
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The Foederati 503formed from. The e
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The Foederati 505the ranks of the R
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The Foederati 507however fraught wi
Page 538 and 539:
The Foederati 509territories and se
Page 540 and 541:
The Foederati 5112 Cf. Scharf 2001,
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The Foederati 513—— 1993. “Th
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CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHTArmy and Societ
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Army and Society in the Late Roman
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Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
Army and Battle in the Age of Justi
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Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
Index locorumLITERARY SOURCESAgathi
Page 582 and 583:
Index locorum 55317 230TacitusAgr.3
Page 584 and 585:
IndexA copiis militaribus 330A rati
Page 586 and 587:
Index 557Arrianus 192, 243, 262-3Ar
Page 588 and 589:
Index 559Census 26, 29-30, 37, 81,
Page 590 and 591:
Index 561Diet see foodDiocletian 25
Page 592 and 593:
Index 563Ghadames 400Ghassanid dyna
Page 594 and 595:
Index 565Latium 8-10, 25, 27, 99, 1
Page 596 and 597:
Index 567Mauten 486Mavia 253, 480Ma
Page 598 and 599:
Index 569Phasis 246, 254, 532, 541,
Page 600 and 601:
Index 571Scolacium 157Scordisci 86,
Page 602 and 603:
Index 573Trajan 205, 213, 215, 243,
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