The Water and Sanitation Program - Environmental Health at USAID

More documents

Recommendations

Info

DRAFTFigure 3.1: Fiscal Year 2008 Budget Allocation WSPFigure 3.2 below shows recent WSP thematic activities in sanitation and hygiene. It emphasizesthe importance of institutional reform and capacity building which is identified as a keyweakness of the sector. It is hence responding to the call of the Hashimoto Action Plan wherebynational governments have to assume leadership in dealing with the sanitation crisis, whilekeeping in mind that sanitation is a local issue where people have the final decisive word,although it cannot be negated that sanitation is a public good and requires institutional attention.A great deal of WSP’s capacity building activities are linked with supporting key innovativeexperiences that lead to behavior change as well as improvements in strategizing, planning forsanitation development and finance, appropriate technology choice, monitoring and scaling up ina sustainable manner.Figure 3.2WSP Sanitation & Hygiene Portfolio by themesPublic Expenditure,Finances and M&EIncreasing access for thepoorScaling-Up Pilot ProjectsSmall and MediumEnterprise SupportRegulation and Policy2%8%9%7%6%MDG Action PlansInstitutional Reform andCapacity BuildingAdvocacy and StrategicCommunications15%44%8%0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%3.2 Recent Successful WSP ExperiencesThis section summarizes a sample of successful experiences supported by WSP in differentcountries and regions over the last few years. These experiences serve as the basis for thestrategic directions set out in this medium-term strategic document for WSP’s involvement insanitation, and also illustrate the change in directions that the Program has taken in this historicalreview of its involvement in the sanitation sector.• Total Sanitation Campaign (Bangladesh, Pakistan, India and Indonesia). Looking at thestrength of a small scale pilot demonstrated by an NGO in Bangladesh with technical supportfrom WaterAID Bangladesh and financial support from DFID, WSP advocated the Total8
DRAFTSanitation approach which includes behavior change, demand creation, community action. Italso incorporated two critical elements to address scale and sustainability, which are i)making local governments’ responsive with specific roles for facilitation, and ii) provisionof incentives to the collectives on achieving outcomes as opposed to upfront householdhardware subsidy.Since 2003 the sanitation coverage in Bangladesh increased at an unprecedented yearly rateof 15.3% making the total rural coverage touching the 80% mark, while in India, thecoverage increased from less than 20 % in 2000 to close to 46% in 2007. The TotalSanitation Campaign approach is also being scaled up in Indonesia, where the Government isfinalizing a new national sanitation and hygiene strategy which combines three critical andinterrelated areas of intervention: total sanitation, handwashing with soap, and householdwater treatment.• Sanitation Marketing (Senegal, Vietnam). In Dakar, where 60% of the population wasliving in unplanned areas without adequate sanitation, WSP provided technical support forthe implementation and supervision of the peri-urban sanitation project financed by theWorld Bank. In 3 years the pilot program provided access to basic sanitation to 450,000people representing 20% of the total population of Dakar. A similar approach has been usedin Vietnam where the construction of latrines by local entrepreneurs has more than tripled inthe project area.• Sanitation as a Business (Peru). WSP in Peru, together with the Ministry of Constructionand Sanitation, SDC, USAID, FONDAM and Foundation Ensemble, promoted a new pilotproject to sanitation promotion in poor areas of five localities of Peru. This project integrateslessons from the Total Sanitation Campaign experience of South Asia, and the SanitationMarketing experience of Africa. An estimated 225,000 people are living in the pilotintervention areas, which include rural, peri-urban and small town locations. Results andlessons learnt from the pilot project, which lasts until 2009, will be used for scaling-up theinitiative into a national sanitation program.• City Sanitation Strategy (Indonesia). This project supports multi-departmental workinggroups in six diverse cities to identify priorities, actions plans and budgets towardsdeveloping a City Sanitation Strategy (CSS). The CSS informs pro-poor pilots, and theselection and design of future investments from foreign and domestic sources. The sixmayors recently met and signed a sanitation declaration, and the central Government hasbeen requested to provide similar support to many more cities.• Sanitation Financing for the Poor (Burkina Faso). In Ouagadougou (population 1 million,sanitation coverage 30%, with two thirds traditional latrines), the utility decided that in orderto improve sanitation, a levy or surtax on the water bill included. Managed through a specialaccount, and the resources generated focus more on sanitation promotion than on sanitationprovision. Over US$1 million is generated every year through this surtax, with a recoveryrate of 87%. More than 50% of the surcharge is used to promote on-site sanitation.9
Page 1 and 2: The Water and Sanitation ProgramMed
Page 3 and 4: DRAFTEXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis document
Page 5 and 6: DRAFT1. IntroductionThis document p
Page 7 and 8: DRAFT• Rising Income Inequalities
Page 9 and 10: DRAFTIn addition to the decline in
Page 11: DRAFTo Ineffective solutions purcha
Page 15 and 16: DRAFTthese Conferences were to shar
Page 17 and 18: DRAFTdevelopment of a vibrant local
Page 19 and 20: DRAFT• Scaling up Change at Local
Page 21 and 22: DRAFTFigure 4.1: Performance of San
Page 23 and 24: DRAFTA second area of work for WSP
Page 25 and 26: DRAFTSector Development Program (IS
Page 27 and 28: DRAFTThe main steps in these roadma
Page 29 and 30: DRAFTuse is closely related and a d
Page 31 and 32: DRAFTThemesOutcomes and trendsGener
Page 33: DRAFTutility partnerships (especial

The Water and Sanitation Program - Environmental Health at USAID

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?