The Water and Sanitation Program - Environmental Health at USAID

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DRAFTTable of Contents1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................12. SANITATION – TRENDS AND CHALLENGES ..........................................................................................12.1 GLOBAL SANITATION COVERAGE AND THE MDGS .................................................................................12.2 GLOBAL TRENDS AFFECTING THE FUTURE OF SANITATION SERVICES..................................................2• Rising Income Inequalities. ........................................................................................................................3• Urbanization...............................................................................................................................................3• Decentralization. ........................................................................................................................................4• Low Income Countries and Changing Aid Architecture.............................................................................42.3 SPECIFIC CHALLENGES OF THE SANITATION SECTOR.............................................................................5• Poor attention given to sanitation. .............................................................................................................5• The cost of inaction. ...................................................................................................................................5• Enormous financing needs..........................................................................................................................6• Need for more sustainable solutions...........................................................................................................63. EXPERIENCES OF WSP IN SANITATION..................................................................................................73.1 EVOLUTION OF AREAS OF FOCUS IN SANITATION....................................................................................73.2 RECENT SUCCESSFUL WSP EXPERIENCES...............................................................................................8• Total Sanitation Campaign (Bangladesh, Pakistan, India and Indonesia).................................................8• Sanitation as a Business (Peru)..................................................................................................................9• City Sanitation Strategy (Indonesia). .........................................................................................................9• Sanitation Financing for the Poor (Burkina Faso).....................................................................................9• Slum Sanitation Program (India). ............................................................................................................10• Development and Scale up of New Sanitation Technologies (Latin America). ........................................10• Sanitation MDG Roadmap (Ethiopia, Latin America, East Asia). ...........................................................10• Sanitation Partnerships and Advocacy (all regions). ...............................................................................104. WSP STRATEGIC RESPONSES TO THE SANITATION CHALLENGE ...................................................114.1 WSP AND SANITATION IN THE MEDIUM TERM ......................................................................................11• WSP as an Active Partner of the International Year of Sanitation and Beyond.......................................11• Implementation of Sanitation Roadmaps..................................................................................................14• Scaling up Change at Local Level. ...........................................................................................................154.2 KEY THEMATIC AREAS ...........................................................................................................................15• Behavior Change and Demand for Sanitation..........................................................................................15• Leveraging Financial Resources. .............................................................................................................16• Improved Service Levels...........................................................................................................................18• Improved Governance. .............................................................................................................................20• Programmatic Approaches in Sanitation. ................................................................................................22• Monitoring and Evaluation. .....................................................................................................................23• Cross-Sectoral Linkages...........................................................................................................................24Areas where WSP will be less active..................................................................................................................254.3 IMPLEMENTING THE SANITATION MEDIUM-TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK.....................................25• Strengthen Sanitation Organizational Capacity.......................................................................................25• Contribute to Sanitation Outcome Indicators...........................................................................................26• Build New and Strengthen Existing Partnerships.....................................................................................27• Strengthen Communications and Knowledge Management. ....................................................................29
DRAFTEXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis document provides a medium-term strategy for WSP’s sanitation program. With the targetdate for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) fast approaching, severalmonitoring reports show that sanitation targets are at risk. The proposed strategy responds to thisurgent challenge, by:Identifying Trends and Challenges. In developing this strategy, one factor WSP examined wasglobal trends that affect the way sanitation services are planned and provided: Rising IncomeInequalities; Urbanization; Decentralization; Low Income Countries and Changing AidArchitecture.In addition to global trends, the sanitation sector has specific challenges, which must beconsidered, including: Poor attention given to sanitation; Cost of inaction; Enormous financingneeds; Need for more sustainable solutions.Providing WSP Strategic Responses to the Sanitation Challenge. Building on the experiencesgained, considering the trends and challenges, and in line with WSP’s Global Strategy FY2009-2018 Going to Scale, WSP’s strategy for sanitation will focus on advocacy efforts to draw thenecessary attention and action for sanitation; monitor progress; and increase understanding onhow to do it right. For the medium-term framework, this means particular emphasis on:WSP as an Active Partner of the UN International Year of Sanitation and Beyond -- The UNresolution has galvanized the international community to do more towards meeting the mainobjectives of the International Year of Sanitation, in accordance with the IYS Action Plan:• Increase awareness and commitment;• Mobilize alliances and secure real commitments;• Encourage demand-driven, sustainable solutions;• Secure increased financing;• Develop and promote policies and strategies;• Develop and strengthen institutional and human capacity;• Promote and capture learning.Supporting Implementation of Sanitation Roadmaps – It is expected that by 2012, an increasednumber of countries will be on track to achieve the sanitation MDG target by 2015, or if not ontrack, they will have national and local policies that will provide an implementation plan.Scaling up Change at Local Level – The Total Sanitation Campaign, the Public-Private HandWashing Initiative as well as the various sanitation marketing experiences in which WSP isinvolved have clearly shown the importance of the responsibility of households in bringing aboutchange in sanitation and hygiene practices.Implementing the Sanitation Medium-Term Strategic Framework. WSP plans to deliver itsstrategy using a combination of strong country and regional presence, with global expertise and a
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