The Water and Sanitation Program - Environmental Health at USAID

DRAFT• Slum Sanitation Program (India). The Slum Sanitation Program was conceived to respondto the highest priority social-environmental-health needs in the country. It was implementedthrough partnerships led by the Municipal Corporation and inviting private organizations forconstruction and maintenance of the facilities. CBOs were formed and empowered to operateand manage toilet blocks, maintain membership registers, and books of accounts. Using thesuccessful experience of slum and community sanitation across the country and the successof the rural sanitation program, the Ministry of Urban Development of the Government ofIndia drafted a national urban sanitation policy that focuses on meeting outcomes in a timebound manner with appropriate performance-based incentives to make a difference in theurban sanitation situation in the country.• Development and Scale up of New Sanitation Technologies (Latin America). WSP hasbeen instrumental in supporting the design, development, as well as documentation andevaluation of new technologies. For example, condominial systems — small diameterssewers that are combined in such a way that they form only one network of collectors andtubes, with neighborhoods deciding together on the location of the network, its design and itsoperation and maintenance — originating in Brazil are now being implemented in other LatinAmerican countries, and interest outside the region is growing. Likewise, for ecologicalsanitation, WSP has followed and documented a project of the NGO CENCA thatimplemented ecological sanitation toilets in two peri-urban zones of Lima, Nievera andHuascar. The experience has shown that it is possible to develop ecological sanitation indense areas, as well as draw lessons learnt on technical, social, financial and institutionalaspects. WSP is also working with governments on both technical improvements andadvocacy and recognition for the approach• Sanitation MDG Roadmap (Ethiopia, Latin America, East Asia). Sanitation MDG roadmaps are country-owned action plans for the hygiene and sanitation sector, designed to assistgovernments to define and implement a common strategy to reach their sanitation targets.In Ethiopia, WSP provided technical support for the development of a national sanitationstrategy, MDG roadmap, strategy, and investment program. The sub-sector reform led to thedevelopment of a decentralized, multi-stakeholder, demand-focused approach. In LatinAmerica, initiatives have already advanced in Central America (Nicaragua, Honduras and ElSalvador), drawing on national and regional sanitation networks. Sanitation assessmentstudies were carried out for many Latin American countries in preparation of LATINOSANin November 2007, as a first step towards MDG sanitation roadmaps. A similar situationalanalysis for sanitation has been supported by WSP and other partners for all participatingcountries in the regional sanitation conference for East Asia – EASAN.• Sanitation Partnerships and Advocacy (all regions). WSP in partnership with UN agencies,Regional Development Banks, multilateral and bilateral Donors and NGOs, has organized aseries of Regional Sanitation Conferences to raise the profile of sanitation in the politicalagenda of National Governments. Five regional sanitation conferences have been supportedin 2007/2008 by WSP – LATINOSAN in Latin America (Cali, Colombia, November 2007),EASAN in East Asia (Beppu City, Japan, December 2007), AFRICASAN +5 in Africa9Durban, South Africa, February 2008), CARIBSAN in the Caribbeans (Jamaica, April2008), and SACOSAN 3 in South Asia (New Delhi, India, October 2008). The objectives of10