TEEB Manual for Cities

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The TEEB Manual for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban ManagementecoBudget: An ecosystem servicesbudget to set goals and keep trackof performanceecoBudget was developed by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainabilityto explicitly address the integrationof ecosystem services in decisionmaking on a recurrent basis. It providesa method to plan, control, monitor,report on and evaluate the consumptionof natural resources (land, water,materials) and ecosystem services(such as climate stability and air quality).ecoBudget follows the cyclicalapproach of local financial budgeting,familiar to local decision makers.The traditional budgeting accountingsystem is complemented by an environmentalbudget, in which ecosystemservices or natural resources aremeasured in physical units instead ofmonetary value.The aim is to keep environmentalspending within limits of an environmental‘Master Budget’. After consultations,the Master Budget setsenvironmental targets which are ofgeneral priority and oriented to thesustainable management of the city’snatural capital. Once approved by theCouncil, the targets become politicallybinding. At year-end a ‘Budget Balance’indicates the city’s achievement againstits targets indicating, for example, howforest cover changed in the peri-urbanwatersheds or whether total greenspace was extended as per agreement,etc..A key feature in the ecoBudget cycleis systematic involvement of politicaldecision makers and urban managers,allowing political steering in the use ofenvironmental resources. ecoBudgetcan embrace all environmentalresources, not only the impact of deliveringmunicipal services, but environmentalspending by the entire communityincluding industries, households,education- and health institutions andtransport companies. More informationis available at www.ecobudget.org.Source TEEB 2010, chapter 4.Local governments must take the lead and set the example in environmental matters in order to preserve ecosystem services for all citizens.Michael Sondermann/City of Bonn3.2 Budget cycleIt was with good reason that the Cityof Cape Town focused on the budgetcycle in their study – and important thatthe results of the study could influencethe cycle in future because, in citiesaround the world, the budget allocationprocess has traditionally focused onlyon economic and human resources.It has often neglected the natural capitalcomponent precisely because theservices provided by natural resourceshave mostly been considered to be free;are taken for granted; or, have simplynever been identified.By identifying the benefits provided byecosystem services and their value forthe local population (both in monetaryand non-monetary terms) an assessmentcan provide solid guidance for budgetallocations. Once ecosystem servicesare incorporated into the budgeting cyclethis will ensure their consideration andprotection and ultimately the establishmentof a sustainable and healthy city.ecoBudget was developed by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability,for and with local authorities, and is auseful tool for integrating ecosystemservices and informing policy making.33
The TEEB Manual for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban ManagementCity Biodiversity Index: an urbanbiodiversity monitoring and selfassessment toolAn alternative approach is the CityBiodiversity Index (formerly known asSingapore Index), a monitoring andself-assessment tool which allowslocal authorities to keep track oftheir (i) biodiversity; (ii) ecosystemservices; and, (iii) environmental policyresponses.Twenty-five indicators have beendeveloped under three sub-headings:Native Biodiversity; Ecosystem Services;and Governance and Management.A description of each indicator is includedin the manual, as well as instructionson how to calculate the indicator.The results are scored and calculatedto provide a comparative output,which can be the basis of monitoringand evaluating local biodiversity.More information is available atwww.cbd.int/authorities/gettinginvolved/cbi.shtml.Integrating the value of ecosystem services into municipal budget cycles can leverage support for further investment in biodiversity assets which can yield significantbenefits in the long-term.3.3 Spatial planningA clear planning framework helps tocreate sustainable communities, and anecosystem perspective is increasinglyrecognized as being a key to effectivespatial planning. For example, effectiveplanning can be instrumental in reducinga city’s ecological footprint by increasinghousing density; no longer exportingwaste to surrounding areas; decreasingflood risk; or, by providing green space forrecreation. The challenge for the planneris to determine how to incorporate anecosystem perspective into city- andresource management. Ecosystems canbe represented spatially (on maps), and,in many parts of the world, data exist thatindicate what these ecosystems are –which in turn provides information aboutthe ecosystem services.One of the challenges is to ensure thatcommunication takes place betweenthe environmental- and planningdepartments and that information aboutthe ecosystems services is consideredas part of the planning process. Perhapsmost importantly, ecosystems datashould be made accessible to planners,for example, identifying the mostsensitive areas, and important areas forthe production of ecosystem services.As indicated in the City of Cape Townstudy, communication is essential andbuilding relationships with the planningdepartment is likely to be as fruitful asensuring continued political support.King County34
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TEEB Manual for Cities

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