Siyavula: Life Sciences Grade 10 - Cd3wd.com

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10 CHAPTER 1. LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR, CELLUAR AND TISSUE LEVELonly be used in soils that lack nutrients. An example would be where crops are grown and regularlyharvested from the same soil. The soil then becomes overused and has fewer mineral nutrientsPoor farming practice leaches nutrients from the soil, therefore farmers use large amounts of fertilisers tomake up for reduced soil fertility. This excess fertiliser is washed into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans whereit starts a process called eutrophication.• the abundant supply of nutrients causes rapid growth of algae• the decomposition of the plants by bacteria decreases the concentration of oxygen in the water, whichleads to the death of animal life. See Figure below.1.1.2http://www.ickr.com/photos/48722974@N07/4859897047/Figure exemplifying eutrophication in coastal water bodies. The process begins with excessive inputs ofnutrients such as nitrogen and phosphates into the system. These nutrients lead to a substantial increase inprimary production (e.g.algae) which eventually results in the transport of large amounts of organic materialto the sea bottom. As a result, oxygen use increases as organic material starts to decompose while upwarddelivery of oxygen through the water column is limited by heat and/or salt water concentration dierences.Bottom-dwelling organisms suocate and/or migrate to other areas. This is a negative impact of fertilisermisuse on the environment. Credit: Pew Trusts1.1.3 Organic Compounds• consists of chains of carbon atoms• always contain the elements of carbon (C), and hydrogen (H)• many organic compounds contain oxygen (O)• they may also contain elements such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)• over 90% of all known compounds are organic.• carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), nucleic acids and enzymes are all organic compounds that havedierent functions in living organisms• produced by living organisms (plants, animals and bacteria)Here is a video that introduces the various organic compounds:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMevuu0Hxuc 21.1.3.1 Lipids (fats & oils)1.1.3.1.1 Structure• Consists of the elements C, H,• The ratio of H:O is far greater than 2:1• The monomers (building blocks) of fats are glycerol and fatty acids• 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids ==> lipid + water• This is a condensation reaction as a larger molecule is built up from two or more smaller molecules,forming water as a by-product.2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMevuu0Hxuc
11Figure 1.3Structure of a simple lipid moleculeFigure 1.4Figure X. Sunower seeds, cheese and meat products are some food examples that contain fats.Cheese: http://www.ickr.com/photos/fetchcomms/4124861105/sizes/m/in/photostream/Sunower seeds: http://www.ickr.com/photos/philhawksworth/5079811846/sizes/l/in/photostream/ 3Meat: http://www.ickr.com/photos/fetchcomms/4124861105/sizes/m/in/photostream/3 http://www.ickr.com/photos/philhawksworth/5079811846/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Page 1: Siyavula: Life Sciences Grade 10Col
Page 4 and 5: This selection and arrangement of c
Page 7 and 8: Subject Orientation 1What is Life S
Page 9: school, high school or university.
Page 12 and 13: 6 CHAPTER 1. LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR,
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Page 21 and 22: 151.1.3.3.4 Biological importance
Page 23 and 24: 17Figure 1.81.2.6.3Functioning of e
Page 25 and 26: 19Figure 1.10Figure. X. Aloe vera h
Page 27 and 28: • Inorganic compounds can contain
Page 29 and 30: 23Figure 1.13By grinding his own le
Page 31 and 32: 25Figure 1.14Need annotated image w
Page 33 and 34: 27Figure 1.16Transmission electron
Page 35 and 36: 29Figure 1.181. Nucleolus 262. Nucl
Page 37 and 38: 1.2.1.1.6 MitochondriaA mitochondri
Page 39 and 40: 1.2.1.1.10 Structures unique to ani
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Page 43 and 44: transport vesicleA vesicle that is
Page 45 and 46: State Phase Abbreviation Descriptio
Page 47 and 48: 411.3.1.3 Stages of MitosisFigure 1
Page 49 and 50: 43• The discovery of the organell
Page 51 and 52: 45You are required to produce a TYP
Page 53 and 54: 47• two heat-resistant test tubes
Page 55 and 56: 49Observation• observe the reacti
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1. Fill one jar with plain water, a
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2.5 Unit 2.2 Investigation 1 - Tree
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652.6.1.1.4EndoskeletonThis skeleto
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Available:http://www.clisnotes.com/
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69• provide internal core structu
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712.7.3.3.3 Cardiac muscle• Respo
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3. Strengthen your skeleton by drin
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77i. Do you smoke?ii. Are you overw
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2.10.5Systemic circulation (to all
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(from above) vena cava, and can the
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Figure 10. Circulatory systems of s
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85Figure 2.14Table 2.5The HeartThe
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Figure 11. The relationship of the
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89Figure 2.17from mindsetOne comple
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91Figure 2.18Table 2.7.Human heartb
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93Figure 2.21Table 2.8Heartbeats ar
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95Figure 2.23Table 2.10The heart co
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2.10.15 Middle layer smooth muscle
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Chapter 3Environmental studies3.1 B
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The troposphere is the atmospheric
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3.2 Environment 63.2.1 Environment3
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105Figure 3.1Light reects o of the
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To discover how to reduce your carb
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1093.2.1.7.3 The Story of StuTo see
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Chapter 4Diversity, change and cont
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INDEX 113Index of Keywords and Term
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ATTRIBUTIONS 115AttributionsCollect
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ATTRIBUTIONS 117Module: "UNIT 2.3 T
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