Siyavula: Life Sciences Grade 10 - Cd3wd.com

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14 CHAPTER 1. LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR, CELLUAR AND TISSUE LEVEL• Disaccharides form when two monosaccharides join together in acondensation reaction.• Glucose + glucose ==> maltose (malt sugar) + water• Glucose + fructose ==> sucrose (cane sugar) + water• Glucose + galactose ==> lactose (milk sugar) + water• Polysaccharides form when three or more monosaccharides jointogether.• Polysaccharides include starch (stored in plants), cellulose (formspart of the cell wall in plants) and glycogen (stored in animals).1.1.3.3.2Figure X. Illustration of glucose monosaccharide molecule: the Oxygen atom is in red and the Carbon atomsare dark grey and the hydrogen atoms are light grey.http://library.thinkquest.org/11226/main/s07.htm 5Table of some common carbohydratesFigure 1.7Potatoes: http://www.ickr.com/photos/fotoosvanrobin/3762764923/Fruits: http://www.ickr.com/photos/malte_s/5019886730/Milk: http://www.ickr.com/photos/striatic/131012552/Maltose sugar: http://www.ickr.com/photos/fotoosvanrobin/2933442985/Sugar cane: http://www.ickr.com/photos/tinyfroglet/5583775843/sizes/l/in/photostream/1.1.3.3.3 Properties• Mono & disaccharides are soluble (dissolve in) water.• Polysaccharides are insoluble in water because they are verylarge molecules.5 http://library.thinkquest.org/11226/main/s07.htm
151.1.3.3.4 Biological importance• Most important source of energy (e.g. glucose)• Important source of reserve energy (e.g. starch)• Forms part of the DNA molecule (deoxyribose)• Forms part of the RNA molecule (ribose)• Forms part of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule whichis the most important energy carrier in the body.• Glucose is soluble in water and thus aects the water potential of cells.• Cellulose is an important component of plant cell walls and is asource of bre in our diet.1.1.3.4 Vitamins1.1.3.4.1 Functions of vitamins- They facilitate growth.- They increase the body's resistance to infection.- They regulate certain body processes.Table of some important VitaminsNAME FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SOURCEVitaminheat.AWithstandsVitamin B1 (thiamine).Destroyedbyheating.Vitamin B3(niacin)Vitamin C (ascorbicacid)Destroyed byheating.Facilitates growth.Helpswith digestion.Nervefunctioning.Forms an active part ofthe co-enzyme NAD andNADH (hydrogen carriersin cellular respiration.Formation of collagen(protein).Healing ofwounds.Resistance toinfection.night blindnessstuntedgrowthberi- beripoor musclecontrolPellagra (symptoms includedermatitis, diarrhoea,dementia)Scurvy.Damage toblood vessels.Slowhealing of wounds.Good night vision.Healthymucousmembrane.Bone andteeth development.dairy productseggsyellowfruit and vegetablescerealsmeatlegumeswhole-wheatLean meatnutsfresh fruitgreen vegetablescontinued on next page
Page 1: Siyavula: Life Sciences Grade 10Col
Page 4 and 5: This selection and arrangement of c
Page 7 and 8: Subject Orientation 1What is Life S
Page 9: school, high school or university.
Page 12 and 13: 6 CHAPTER 1. LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR,
Page 14 and 15: 8 CHAPTER 1. LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR,
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Page 23 and 24: 17Figure 1.81.2.6.3Functioning of e
Page 25 and 26: 19Figure 1.10Figure. X. Aloe vera h
Page 27 and 28: • Inorganic compounds can contain
Page 29 and 30: 23Figure 1.13By grinding his own le
Page 31 and 32: 25Figure 1.14Need annotated image w
Page 33 and 34: 27Figure 1.16Transmission electron
Page 35 and 36: 29Figure 1.181. Nucleolus 262. Nucl
Page 37 and 38: 1.2.1.1.6 MitochondriaA mitochondri
Page 39 and 40: 1.2.1.1.10 Structures unique to ani
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Page 43 and 44: transport vesicleA vesicle that is
Page 45 and 46: State Phase Abbreviation Descriptio
Page 47 and 48: 411.3.1.3 Stages of MitosisFigure 1
Page 49 and 50: 43• The discovery of the organell
Page 51 and 52: 45You are required to produce a TYP
Page 53 and 54: 47• two heat-resistant test tubes
Page 55 and 56: 49Observation• observe the reacti
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2.5 Unit 2.2 Investigation 1 - Tree
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652.6.1.1.4EndoskeletonThis skeleto
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Available:http://www.clisnotes.com/
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69• provide internal core structu
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712.7.3.3.3 Cardiac muscle• Respo
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3. Strengthen your skeleton by drin
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77i. Do you smoke?ii. Are you overw
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2.10.5Systemic circulation (to all
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(from above) vena cava, and can the
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Figure 10. Circulatory systems of s
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85Figure 2.14Table 2.5The HeartThe
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Figure 11. The relationship of the
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89Figure 2.17from mindsetOne comple
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91Figure 2.18Table 2.7.Human heartb
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93Figure 2.21Table 2.8Heartbeats ar
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95Figure 2.23Table 2.10The heart co
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2.10.15 Middle layer smooth muscle
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Chapter 3Environmental studies3.1 B
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The troposphere is the atmospheric
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3.2 Environment 63.2.1 Environment3
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105Figure 3.1Light reects o of the
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To discover how to reduce your carb
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1093.2.1.7.3 The Story of StuTo see
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Chapter 4Diversity, change and cont
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INDEX 113Index of Keywords and Term
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ATTRIBUTIONS 115AttributionsCollect
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ATTRIBUTIONS 117Module: "UNIT 2.3 T
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