Siyavula: Life Sciences Grade 10 - Cd3wd.com

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20 CHAPTER 1. LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR, CELLUAR AND TISSUE LEVELRNA plays a role in building the required ;proteinsfrom the amino acidsDNA stores the information from which amino acidsmust be produced in each type of cellTable 1.4Figure 1.11Figure X. Model of the DNA double helix structure where every ball represents a an atom and everycolour a dierent element. For interest: which element represents which colour?Dna molecule: http://www.ickr.com/photos/ynse/542370154/sizes/z/in/photostream/ 7Here is a video showing the structure of DNA:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0&feature=related 8SUMMARY OF KEY CONCEPTS : CHEMISTRY OF LIFE1.Molecules for Life• Organic molecules contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.• Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), nucleic acids and enzymes are organic compounds important forliving organisms.7 http://www.ickr.com/photos/ynse/542370154/sizes/z/in/photostream/8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0&feature=related
• Inorganic compounds can contain combinations of elements, but do not generally contain hydrogenand carbon together.• Water is the most vital inorganic compound in living organisms.2.Organic compounds• The most important role of carbohydrates is to provide living organisms with a source of energy.• Carbohydrates form structural components such as cell walls in plants.• Monosaccharides are the simplest of carbohydrates (glucose and fructose)• Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked together.• Polysaccharides are macromolecules which are polymers (many monomers), each monomer being aglucose molecule.• Lipids are formed when one glycerol molecule bonds, by condensation, with three fatty acid molecules.• Lipids supply living organisms with energy as well as forming structural components (cell membranes).• Proteins are made up of amino acids to form longs chains known as polypeptides.• Proteins are important in the cell structure and function of organelles and cell membranes.• Enzymes are protein compounds that act as catalysts speeding up chemical reactions.• Enzymes are sensitive to pH and temperature.• Explanation of the workings of enzymes using the lock-and-key method.• DNA is found in the nucleus and RNA found in the cytoplasm.• Nucleic acids are responsible for controlling a cell's structure and function.• Vitamins are organic compounds essential for animals in small quantities to help maintain a healthybody.• A lack of vitamins in the diet may lead to various deciency diseases.3.Inorganic compounds• Water makes up 60% of the mass of cells and is essential for metabolic processes in both plants andanimals.• Normal growth, development and function require inorganic compounds such as minerals.• Macro and micro nutrients are need by plants and animals in large amounts or small amounts, respectively.• Animals obtain minerals from their diets.• Plants absorb minerals through their roots from the soil.• Eutrophication is cause by the overuse of inorganic fertilisers.211.2 Cells - The Basic Units of Life 91.2.1 Unit 1.2 Cells - The Basic unit of life1.2.1.1 Molecular make up of cellsHistory of microscopyBecause of the quality of the glass and the light source used in the earliest lightmicroscopes they had poor resolution and a magnication power of about 10 times.Robert Hooke built an early version of the compound microscope. This allowed him to observe thestructures in cork which he referred to as "cellulae", which means "small rooms" in Latin. The word cellwas therefore coined by Robert Hooke.(public domain images)9 This content is available online at .
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Page 7 and 8: Subject Orientation 1What is Life S
Page 9: school, high school or university.
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Page 33 and 34: 27Figure 1.16Transmission electron
Page 35 and 36: 29Figure 1.181. Nucleolus 262. Nucl
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Page 45 and 46: State Phase Abbreviation Descriptio
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712.7.3.3.3 Cardiac muscle• Respo
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3. Strengthen your skeleton by drin
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77i. Do you smoke?ii. Are you overw
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2.10.5Systemic circulation (to all
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(from above) vena cava, and can the
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Figure 10. Circulatory systems of s
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85Figure 2.14Table 2.5The HeartThe
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Figure 11. The relationship of the
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89Figure 2.17from mindsetOne comple
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91Figure 2.18Table 2.7.Human heartb
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93Figure 2.21Table 2.8Heartbeats ar
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95Figure 2.23Table 2.10The heart co
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2.10.15 Middle layer smooth muscle
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Chapter 3Environmental studies3.1 B
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The troposphere is the atmospheric
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3.2 Environment 63.2.1 Environment3
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105Figure 3.1Light reects o of the
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To discover how to reduce your carb
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1093.2.1.7.3 The Story of StuTo see
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Chapter 4Diversity, change and cont
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INDEX 113Index of Keywords and Term
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ATTRIBUTIONS 115AttributionsCollect
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ATTRIBUTIONS 117Module: "UNIT 2.3 T
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