herbaceous layer is somewhat sparse, with hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), floweringwintergreen (Polygala paucifolia), teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens), chestnut oak seedlings,partridgeberry (Mitchella repens), trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens), and occasional pink lady’sslipper orchids (Cypripedium acaule). The soil is sandy, and sandstone rocks are common on thesurface. Lichens and mosses are prevalent on the rocks and forest floor.The hemlock forest community occurs along the broad valley of the southeast branch of the creekbefore it turns north at its juncture with another tributary. The canopy is dominated almostexclusively by hemlock, and there is almost no herbaceous layer. There are patches of denserhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) along the floodplain and valley floor. This area has a highpotential for hosting bird species that depend upon coniferous forest habitats.Upstream and downstream of the hemlock forest is red oak – mixed hardwood forest. Downstream,the width of the stream is substantial, and the bank has occasional vegetated terraces. Speciesincluded several sedges (Carex prasina, Carex lupulina, Carex debilis, Carex folliculata), soft rush(Juncus effusus), heart-leaved aster (Eurybia divaricata), fowl manna-grass (Glyceria striata),sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle americana), slender manna-grass(Glyceria melicaria), perfoliate boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), and New York fern (Thelypterisnoveboracensis).Upstream of the hemlock forest, the stream channel is dry, and the floodplain is broad and flat. Thecanopy includes red maple (Acer rubrum), black birch (Betula lenta), white or green ash (Fraxinusamericana or Fraxinus pensylvanica), black cherry (Prunus serotina), blue beech (Carpinuscaroliniana), and red oak (Quercus rubra). Shrubs include witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana),(Rhododendron maximum), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), lowbush blueberry (Vacciniumangustifolium), and deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum). In the herbaceous layer, New York fern(Thelypteris noveboracensis) and hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) are dominant; otherspecies include: a sedge (Carex laxiflora), bellwort (Uvularia sessilifolia), rattlesnake-root(Prenanthes alba), sweet white violet (Viola blanda), downy yellow violet (Viola pubescens),American dog violet (Viola labradorica), common blue violet (Viola sororia), carrion-flower (Smilaxherbacea), wild sarsparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), intermediate wood fern (Dryopteris intermedia),northern maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum), Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), bishop’smitre-wort (Mitella diphylla), hog-peanut (Amphicarpa bracteata), mayapple (Podophyllumpeltatum), wild licorice (Galium circaezens), wakerobin (Trillium erectum), indian cucumber root(Medeola virginica), Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense), partridgeberry (Mitchellarepens), silvery glade fern (Athyrium filix-femina), running pine (Diphasiastrum digitatum), Hickey’sground pine (Lycopodium hickeyi), bristly clubmoss (Lycopodium annotinum), cinnamon fern(Osmunda cinnamomea), teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens), and pink lady’s slipper (Cypripediumacaule). On the slopes surrounding the valley, the canopy includes shagbark hickory (Carya ovata),sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and red maple (Acer rubrum); the herbaceous layer is a dense carpetof hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), which can be an indicator of overbrowsing.Higher in the valley, several small channels arise from springs and seeps. In the most extensive sucharea, hemlock dominates the canopy, although hardwoods are also present. The herb layer is sparse,mainly scattered Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense), except in seepage areas, where thereare patches of small cinnamon- or interrupted- fern (Osmunda sp.), water horehound (Lycopus sp.),violets, starflower (Trientalis borealis), Athyrium filix-femina, and long beech fern (Phegopterisconnectilis). Seepage areas can provide breeding habitat for amphibian species such as springpeepers, wood frogs, and also may support a variety of salamander species in their adult phase.The Supporting Landscape Areas are adjacent portions of the immediate watershed that containrecovering forest or additional usages.97
Threats and StressesCore Habitat Area—The natural landscape of the site is generally in good condition. Although somefragmenting features, including dirt roads, pipeline right-of-ways, and water management facilities,interrupt its contiguity, their impact as fragmenting features is mitigated because they are relativelynarrow and have natural verges and substrate. Some areas along the stream beds and banks, and inthe vicinity of the old boy scout camp facilities, are observably more open and less diverselyvegetated, reflecting selective logging and perhaps also heavy foot traffic in times past.RecommendationsCore Habitat Area—Several considerations can help to preserve the ecological integrity of the sitewhile plans are developed to accommodate other uses. The site is relatively small and a major featureof its importance is its condition as an area of contiguous natural forest; thus, care should be taken tomaximize the contiguity of natural landscape. Features such as roads and pipelines should beminimally employed. <strong>Natural</strong> forested edges and an overall narrow width are good design principlesfor minimizing their impact as fragmenting features for wildlife. Structures and areas of moreintensive use can be clustered together near already-existing edges, rather than spaced separately orplaced in forest interior areas, to minimize the amount of forest habitat that is disturbed. If timberremoval is conducted at the site, sensitive areas should be avoided and an overall canopy cover levelof at least 70% should be maintained.Supporting Landscape Area—precautions to safeguard water quality should be taken in this area, tosupport its continued ecological health and its use as a water supply source. Mining and the release ofharmful substances (automotive fluids, petrochemicals, solvents, detergents, fertilizers, chemical pestcontrols) should be avoided to prevent contamination of water with toxins, and appropriate erosioncontrol measures should accompany any activity involving earth disturbance or forest cover removalto prevent sediment pollution. Regrowth of native forest communities in these areas can alsoaugment the size and contiguity of the core area.RAMEY BOROUGHThe landscape of Ramey Borough is mainly occupied by the village of Ramey. Most of the townshipdrains into Little Muddy Run; the western portion drains into Muddy Run, and the eastern edge drainsinto Beaver Run. No <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Heritage</strong> Areas were identified within the borough.98
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CLEARFIELD COUNTYNATURAL HERITAGE I
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Over the history of these studies,
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface………
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIntroductionA heal
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Ground SurveyAreas identified as po
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Table 1. Natural Heritage Areas cat
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outcrops occur in conjunction with
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INTRODUCTIONA healthy natural lands
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Natural Resilience, Human Activitie
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Natural Heritage Inventory MappingG
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Natural History Overview of Clearfi
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SoilsSoil character exerts a strong
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preventing the establishment of see
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METHODSThe methods used in the Clea
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fragmenting feature data to generat
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*Defined as: 2,000 waterfowl (at on
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RESULTSContiguous Forest Blocks in
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Table 5. ContinuedSize% Roadless Ac
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Landscape Conservation AreasThe Lan
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SGL #120 LCAThis LCA is a contiguou
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Moravian Run - Alder Run LCAThis LC
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Threats and StressesIn some portion
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Gifford Run Valley, west slope37
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Beccaria Township, Coalport Borough
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Bell Township, Mahaffey Borough, &
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Featherbells(Stenanthium gramineum)
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Supporting Natural Landscape—To m
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Bigler TownshipPNDI Rank Legal Stat
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Bloom TownshipPNDI Rank Legal Statu
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What It Looks Like:Appalachian Game
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BOGGS TOWNSHIPThe landscape of the
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BRADFORD TOWNSHIPThe landscape of B
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BRADY TOWNSHIPBrady Township falls
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- Page 88 and 89: CHEST TOWNSHIPChest Township is 71%
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- Page 148: Karthaus TownshipPNDI Rank Legal St
- Page 151: Knox TownshipPNDI Rank Legal Status
- Page 154: Lawrence Township & Clearfield Boro
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- Page 176 and 177: Threats and StressesFoot traffic on
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Union TownshipPNDI RankGlobal State
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Woodward Township, Brisbin Borough,
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RECOMMENDATIONSThe following are ge
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situations, the site is effectively
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GLOSSARYAlluvium: detrital deposits
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LITERATURE CITEDAnonymous. 1985. A
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Naeem., S. (Chair), F.S. Chapin III
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GIS DATA SOURCESBedrock geologic un
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APPENDIX IIPENNSYLVANIA NATURAL HER
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Evidence of Disturbance (logging, g
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GLOBAL STATECOMMUNITY NAME RANK RAN
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GLOBAL STATECOMMUNITY NAME RANK RAN
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GLOBAL STATECOMMUNITY NAME RANK RAN
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APPENDIX V bPENNSYLVANIA STATUSNati
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small numbers throughout their rang
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State Element RanksS1 = Critically
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Photo: Lisa SmithHairy rock-cress (
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The Sustainable Forestry Initiative