Caribbean Region: Review of Economic Growth and ... - USITC

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Dominica: Selected international integration indicators, MRY (2000–07)Merchandise exports to the United States (% of total exports, 2006) 4.5CBERA utilization rate (% of total exports to the U.S. entering under program, 2007) 2.7CBERA utilization rate (% of total apparel exports to the U.S. entering under program, 2007) 0.0Exports of goods and services (% relative to GDP, 2005) 45Imports of goods and services (% relative to GDP, 2005) 69Export concentration indicators, 2005Herfindahl-Hirschmann index (world value = 0.067, lower value implies diversification) 0.375Number of products exported (world value = 260, calculated at 3-digit SITC level) 21MFN tariffs, total, applied 2006 (simple average of ad-valorem duties, %) 9.9Agricultural goods 20.4Non-agricultural goods 8.3Official development assistance ($ million, 2005) 15.2Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services, and income, 2005) 13.2Sources: DataWeb; World Development Indicators; UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics Online; WTO; WITS. See appendix D forsources and definitions.Note: MRY=most recent year for which data are available; na = “not available.”Dominica’s exports to the United States represent less than 5 percent of its total exports. Dominica is eligiblefor preferential access to the U.S. market under the original CBI and GSP, but not CBTPA. In 2007, U.S.imports from Dominica were approximately $2 million, of which $51,000 was under the CBERA program;its CBERA utilization rate was less than 3 percent. The main products exported to the United States includesoap, T-shirts, and various machinery-related products. The main products exported under the CBERAprogram were cosmetic-related items. In 2007, Dominica’s imports from the United States wereapproximately $82 million. The main products imported from the United States were fabric and footwear,machinery and parts, and meat.Dominica’s total goods and services trade relative to GDP exceeds 100 percent. Dominica has experiencedtrade deficits from 2000 to 2006. Much of Dominica’s exports are under preferential market access programs,primarily those of the United States and the EU. Export development is identified as a key trade policyobjective. The two main strategies are to enhance international competitiveness and to develop exports byincreasing the capacity and competence of local producers, increasing local content, and broadening theexport base. Dominica’s main export commodities include bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, andoranges. Its main export markets include the United Kingdom, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Guyana,China, Trinidad and Tobago, and St. Lucia. Its main imports include manufactured goods, machinery andequipment, foods, and chemicals. Its main import sources are the United States, China, Trinidad and Tobago,and South Korea.Dominica enjoyed services trade surpluses between 2000 and 2006. Recent increases in investment, such astourism facilities and the establishment of an offshore medical school, have targeted the services sector.Other industries receiving investment include agribusiness, light manufacturing (aluminum recycling andsoaps), and telecommunications-related services. These investments have contributed to the steady increasein Dominica’s net FDI inflows. The government has identified the improvement of the investment climateand providing an enabling environment for private enterprise as priorities in its medium-term economic4-50
growth and social development strategy. As a member of the OECS and part of the Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union, Dominica pegs its currency to the U.S. dollar.SourcesCaribbean-Central American Action. “Aruba.” Caribbean-Central America Profile 2008, JTZPublishing, http://www.c-caa.org/news_reports/publications.html.Caribbean Development Bank. Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica: Country PovertyAssessment, Final Report. June 2003.CIA. “The World Factbook: Dominica.” December 13, 2007, www.cia.gov.IMF. Dominica: 2007 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report. IMF Country Report No. 07/322, 2007.UNCTAD. UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2006-07.http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Webflyer.asp?intItemID=1397&docID=8612 (accessed February2008).United States Trade Representative’s Office. Seventeenth Report to Congress on the Operation of theCaribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act. December 31, 2007.U.S. Department of State. “Background Note: Dominica.” December 2007, www.state.gov.USITC. DataWeb (data compiled from U.S. Department of Commerce statistics). www.usitc.gov(accessed March 2008).World Bank. Data & Statistics: World Development Indicators Online.http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20398986~menuPK:64133163~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html (accessed February–March2008).———. “Data & Statistics: Country Classification.” www.worldbank.org (accessed March 2008).WTO. Trade Policy Review, Report by the Secretariat, Dominica. WT/TPR/S/190/DMA, October 1,2007.———. Trade Policy Review. Report by Dominica. October 1, 2007, WT/TPR/G/190/DMA.———. Trade Profiles 2007. WTO Publications, 2007.4-51
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPagePreface ......
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TABLE OF CONTENTS-ContinuedChapter
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List of Frequently Used Abbreviatio
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PPPPRGFSDRSMESPSTASCTEUTIEATIFATRQU
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the Netherlands Antilles, accounted
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most influence investment in the re
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Expanding to Higher-Skill-Intensive
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Focusing on Unique Strategic Advant
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U.S.A.CubaBahamasMap of the Caribbe
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Table 1.1 Summary of CBERA preferen
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13under the same rules of origin ap
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training, orientation visits, and b
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domestic population growth pressure
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Figure 2.2 GDP, most recent year, 2
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Figure 2.3 GDP per capita, PPP, mos
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Table 2.1 Selected CBERA countries:
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Box 2.1 Mobile Telephone Industry i
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Table 2.4 Goods and services trade
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Table 2.6 U.S. merchandise imports
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aTable 2.7 Leading U.S. merchandise
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aTable 2.9 Leading U.S. merchandise
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Extent of Utilization of CBERA Pref
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Table 2.12 U.S. imports of apparel
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important trend in the region is th
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GDP in CBERA countries. When the tw
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percent of GDP; this low figure con
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firms from scrutiny, non-transparen
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and Trinidad and Tobago (the only c
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Table 2.17 World Bank IBRD and IDA
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Table 2.19 Caribbean Development Ba
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Table 2.20 Membership of covered CB
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changes specifically in U.S. policy
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Using country-level data, researche
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Reinhardt. 24 The authors find that
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CBTPA programs. Table 3.1 presents
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exports fluctuated within a range o
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promising for all countries covered
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infrastructure, macroeconomic stabi
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exporters have also been affected b
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Policies identified in the literatu
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outside of the domestic market.”
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infrastructure, the 2005 World Bank
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companies.” 99 The islands provid
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government, provide another opportu
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(CDS), was established in 1983 to p
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Policies identified in the literatu
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that, in the early 1990s, Caribbean
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policies discussed in earlier secti
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Caribbean government officials. 159
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These experiences suggest that supp
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which can generate more internation
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Dean, Judith M., and John Wainio.
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Josling, Tim. “Trade Policy in Sm
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———. Textiles and Apparel: Ef
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 4Current Level of Caribbean
Page 125 and 126: ANTIGUA & BARBUDAEconomic and Socia
Page 127 and 128: has been an employer of last resort
Page 129 and 130: International Integration 4Sources:
Page 131: improve its overall financial posit
Page 134 and 135: Aruba: Selected social development
Page 136 and 137: elated services, such as conference
Page 138 and 139: SourcesCaribbean-Central American A
Page 140 and 141: The Bahamas: Selected social develo
Page 142 and 143: In addition to its beaches that cou
Page 144 and 145: investment in the services sector,
Page 146 and 147: Barbados: Selected social developme
Page 148 and 149: The main agricultural products are
Page 150 and 151: $418 million. The main products imp
Page 152 and 153: Belize: Selected social development
Page 154 and 155: and is one of the fastest-growing i
Page 156 and 157: Belize: Selected international inte
Page 159 and 160: BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEconomic and
Page 161 and 162: Domestic EconomyBritish Virgin Isla
Page 163 and 164: Data are unavailablefrom sourceData
Page 165: USITC. DataWeb (data compiled from
Page 168 and 169: Dominica: Selected social developme
Page 170 and 171: mainland or Europe, impede developm
Page 175 and 176: Economic and Social Development 1GR
Page 177: Grenada’s ongoing poverty eradica
Page 180 and 181: As Grenada’s economy has become i
Page 183 and 184: Economic and Social Development 1GU
Page 185 and 186: income average. The government has
Page 189 and 190: Box 4.1 Bauxite Industry in Guyana:
Page 191 and 192: Economic and Social Development 1HA
Page 193 and 194: poor nutrition and inadequate acces
Page 197 and 198: Box 4.2 Apparel Industry in Haiti:
Page 199 and 200: Economic and Social Development 1JA
Page 201 and 202: Hurricane Dean caused significant d
Page 203 and 204: Source: World Development Indicator
Page 205 and 206: Box 4.4 Film Production Outsourcing
Page 207 and 208: MONTSERRATEconomic and Social Devel
Page 209 and 210: constraint to the country’s futur
Page 211 and 212: International Integration 2Source:
Page 213: CIA. “The World Factbook: Montser
Page 216 and 217: Netherlands Antilles: Selected soci
Page 218 and 219: services industry is an important s
Page 220 and 221: Netherlands is a major source of FD
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Panama: Selected social development
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The services sector contributes mor
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Panama: Selected international inte
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SourcesCaribbean-Central American A
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St. Kitts & Nevis: Selected social
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government closed the state-run sug
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St. Kitts & Nevis: Selected interna
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U.S. Department of State. “Backgr
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St. Lucia: Selected social developm
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St. Lucia’s main service industri
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St. Lucia: Selected international i
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———. St. Lucia: 2005 Article
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Vincent & the Grenadines: Selected
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3the islands’ adherence to the
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Total goods and services trade was
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TRINIDAD & TOBAGOEconomic and Socia
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development” category. Since 1990
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International Integration 5Sources:
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Trinidad and Tobago has consistentl
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Ethanol Producer Magazine. “Ethan
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He said that, in mid-2005, St. Kitt
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projects are set to come online in
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Government of Jamaica 10In testimon
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mentioned that promoting health tou
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economies have become increasingly
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Caribbean-Central American Action (
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and that CBERA benefits are limited
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She added that “a failure to full
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APPENDIX ARequest Letter from Commi
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11/07/2UU'113: 45 P'Ua uu3The Honor
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I I / V I / L U U I 15;40 P M......
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71432 Federal Register / Vol. 72, N
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71434 Federal Register / Vol. 72, N
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CALENDAR OF PUBLIC HEARINGThose lis
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ORGANIZATION AND WITNESS:Halcrow, I
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APPENDIX DCountry Profiles Tables a
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Table D.1 Country Profiles Tables a
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Table D.1-ContinuedTable or figuren
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APPENDIX EMerchandise Trade Tables
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Table E.2 Leading U.S. imports unde
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APPENDIX FDevelopment Tables
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Table F.2 Selected examples of rece
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Table F.2-ContinuedCountryPanama-Co
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