Caribbean Region: Review of Economic Growth and ... - USITC

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Box 4.8 Plastics Industry in Trinidad and Tobago: Government Success in Downstream DiversificationTrinidad and Tobago has leveraged its abundant natural gas supplies into the base for a downstream chemicals andplastics industry. Two companies exemplify this effort—Century Eslon and Westlake Chemical Corporation. CenturyEslon chose Trinidad in 1965 because of the availability of skilled labor, good infrastructure and port facilities,favorable energy costs, and tax incentives on new plant upgrades. Today, Century Eslon is one of the Caribbean’s1leading manufacturers and providers of quality plastic construction and industrial packaging products. Although thecompany’s principal operation is in manufacturing and distribution of plastic pipes and associated plastic hardware,it also markets a wide range of associated products for the water and electrical industries. The locally owned companywas founded in 1965 to produce and distribute plastic pipes and other items.Century Eslon’s production and primary distribution activities have grown rapidly in recent years. The firm hasexpanded into a network of distribution centers in nine other Caribbean countries (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados,Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Suriname), with aworkforce of 200 employees in Trinidad and 50 employees elsewhere. Century Eslon services the entire Caribbeanregion and continues to expand into the Central American and South American markets. A wide range of productsis manufactured in Trinidad for distribution across the CBERA region, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes andfittings, polyethylene tubing, rainwater guttering, electrical conduit and cable networks, pails and beverage crates,and water tanks. The firm is also a distributor of a wide range of products, including solvent cement for PVC, brassvalves, water heaters and pumps, fittings for waterworks, and many other items.Westlake Chemical Corporation, Houston, TX, entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Republic ofTrinidad and Tobago in April 2006 to develop an ethane-based ethylene feedstock production facility and associated2 3polyethylene plastic resin plant, each the first to be built in Trinidad and Tobago. The $1.9 billion project is scheduledto come onstream in 2011 to satisfy growing demand for polyethylene in the Americas. Westlake would take amajority stake in the project, while the government of Trinidad and Tobago would provide ethane feedstock derivedfrom indigenous natural gas and take up to a 30 percent stake in the project. Westlake would realize significantnatural gas feedstock cost savings in Trinidad compared to domestic gas used in its U.S. polyethylene operations.Trinidad and Tobago reportedly would benefit significantly through sales of natural gas and other energy inputs forplant operations, together with project management and employment opportunities.In addition to its 30 percent ownership stake and revenues from the sale of gas and other production inputs, thegovernment of Trinidad and Tobago anticipates other indirect benefits. For example, the project would diversify theenergy sector in the country and promote linkages between the nonpetroleum and petroleum sectors of the economy.The government anticipates significant job and wealth generation and new skills development for the people ofTrinidad and Tobago.Sources: Century Eslon, Ltd. Web site. http://www.centuryeslon.com (accessed February 23, 2008); WestlakeChemical Corporation Web site, http://www.westlakechemicalcorporation.com (accessed February 26, 2008).1Commission staff e-mail correspondence and phone interviews with Mr. Sam Baldeo, Manager, Century Eslon Ltd.,Trinidad and Tobago, February 7-26 and March 3, 2008.2Commission staff telephone interviews with Mr. David R. Hanson, Media Relations, Westlake Chemical Corporation,January 11 and February 26, 2008; Mr. Steven Bender, Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer, WestlakeChemical Corporation, March 3, 2008.3Commission staff e-mail correspondence from Dr. Edgar L. Mohundro, BASF FINA Petrochemicals LP, Port Arthur, TX.March 3, 2008.SourcesCaribbean-Central American Action. “Trinidad and Tobago.” Caribbean-Central America Profile 2008.JTZ Publishing, http://www.c-caa.org/news_reports/publications.html.CIA. “The World Factbook: Trinidad and Tobago,” December 13, 2007. www.cia.gov.EIU. Country Profile 2007: Trinidad and Tobago, 2007. www.eiu.com.4-138
Ethanol Producer Magazine. “Ethanol Dehydration Facility To Be Build in Trinidad,” December 2006.www.ethanolproducer.com (accessed March 15, 2008).Fish INFOnetwork Market Report. “Fish INFOnetwork Market Report on Tuna,” August 2006.www.eurofish.dk (accessed March 17, 2008).Inter-American Development Bank. IDB Country Strategy with Trinidad and Tobago (2004–2007).September 2004.IMF. Trinidad and Tobago: 2007 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report. IMF Country Report No. 08/36,January 2008.Rojas-Suarez, Liliana, and Carlos Elias, eds. Policy Perspectives for Trinidad and Tobago: From Growthto Prosperity. Inter-American Bank, Special Publications on Development No. 1, 2006.UNCTAD. UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2006-07,http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Webflyer.asp?intItemID=1397&docID=8612 (accessed February2008).United States Trade Representative’s Office. Seventeenth Report to Congress on the Operation of theCaribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act. December 31, 2007.U.S. Department of State. “Background Note: Trinidad and Tobago,” November 2007. www.state.gov.USITC. DataWeb (data compiled from U.S. Department of Commerce statistics). www.usitc.gov(accessed March 2008).Valere, Marina A., ambassador to the United States from the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago,testimony before the U.S. International Trade Commission in connection with Inv. No. 332-496, January29, 2008.World Bank. “Trinidad and Tobago Country Brief,” September 2007. www.worldbank.org.———. Data & Statistics: World Development Indicators Online.http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20398986~menuPK:64133163~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html (accessed February–March2008).———. “Data & Statistics: Country Classification.” www.worldbank.org (accessed March 2008).WTO. Trade Policy Review, Trinidad and Tobago, Report by the Secretariat, Revision.WT/TPR/S/151/Rev.1, October 12, 2005.———. Trade Profiles 2007. WTO Publications, 2007.4-139
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPagePreface ......
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TABLE OF CONTENTS-ContinuedChapter
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List of Frequently Used Abbreviatio
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PPPPRGFSDRSMESPSTASCTEUTIEATIFATRQU
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the Netherlands Antilles, accounted
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most influence investment in the re
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Expanding to Higher-Skill-Intensive
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Focusing on Unique Strategic Advant
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U.S.A.CubaBahamasMap of the Caribbe
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Table 1.1 Summary of CBERA preferen
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13under the same rules of origin ap
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training, orientation visits, and b
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domestic population growth pressure
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Figure 2.2 GDP, most recent year, 2
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Figure 2.3 GDP per capita, PPP, mos
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Table 2.1 Selected CBERA countries:
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Box 2.1 Mobile Telephone Industry i
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Table 2.4 Goods and services trade
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Table 2.6 U.S. merchandise imports
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aTable 2.7 Leading U.S. merchandise
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aTable 2.9 Leading U.S. merchandise
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Extent of Utilization of CBERA Pref
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Table 2.12 U.S. imports of apparel
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important trend in the region is th
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GDP in CBERA countries. When the tw
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percent of GDP; this low figure con
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firms from scrutiny, non-transparen
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and Trinidad and Tobago (the only c
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Table 2.17 World Bank IBRD and IDA
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Table 2.19 Caribbean Development Ba
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Table 2.20 Membership of covered CB
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changes specifically in U.S. policy
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Using country-level data, researche
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Reinhardt. 24 The authors find that
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CBTPA programs. Table 3.1 presents
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exports fluctuated within a range o
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promising for all countries covered
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infrastructure, macroeconomic stabi
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exporters have also been affected b
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Policies identified in the literatu
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outside of the domestic market.”
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infrastructure, the 2005 World Bank
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companies.” 99 The islands provid
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government, provide another opportu
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(CDS), was established in 1983 to p
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Policies identified in the literatu
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that, in the early 1990s, Caribbean
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policies discussed in earlier secti
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Caribbean government officials. 159
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These experiences suggest that supp
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which can generate more internation
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Dean, Judith M., and John Wainio.
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Josling, Tim. “Trade Policy in Sm
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———. Textiles and Apparel: Ef
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CHAPTER 4Current Level of Caribbean
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ANTIGUA & BARBUDAEconomic and Socia
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has been an employer of last resort
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International Integration 4Sources:
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improve its overall financial posit
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Aruba: Selected social development
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elated services, such as conference
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SourcesCaribbean-Central American A
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The Bahamas: Selected social develo
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In addition to its beaches that cou
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investment in the services sector,
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Barbados: Selected social developme
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The main agricultural products are
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$418 million. The main products imp
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Belize: Selected social development
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and is one of the fastest-growing i
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Belize: Selected international inte
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEconomic and
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Domestic EconomyBritish Virgin Isla
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Data are unavailablefrom sourceData
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USITC. DataWeb (data compiled from
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Dominica: Selected social developme
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mainland or Europe, impede developm
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Dominica: Selected international in
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Economic and Social Development 1GR
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Grenada’s ongoing poverty eradica
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As Grenada’s economy has become i
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Economic and Social Development 1GU
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income average. The government has
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Box 4.1 Bauxite Industry in Guyana:
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Economic and Social Development 1HA
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poor nutrition and inadequate acces
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Box 4.2 Apparel Industry in Haiti:
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Economic and Social Development 1JA
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Hurricane Dean caused significant d
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Source: World Development Indicator
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Box 4.4 Film Production Outsourcing
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MONTSERRATEconomic and Social Devel
Page 209 and 210: constraint to the country’s futur
Page 211 and 212: International Integration 2Source:
Page 213: CIA. “The World Factbook: Montser
Page 216 and 217: Netherlands Antilles: Selected soci
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Page 222 and 223: Panama: Selected social development
Page 224 and 225: The services sector contributes mor
Page 226 and 227: Panama: Selected international inte
Page 228 and 229: SourcesCaribbean-Central American A
Page 230 and 231: St. Kitts & Nevis: Selected social
Page 232 and 233: government closed the state-run sug
Page 234 and 235: St. Kitts & Nevis: Selected interna
Page 236 and 237: U.S. Department of State. “Backgr
Page 238 and 239: St. Lucia: Selected social developm
Page 240 and 241: St. Lucia’s main service industri
Page 242 and 243: St. Lucia: Selected international i
Page 244 and 245: ———. St. Lucia: 2005 Article
Page 246 and 247: Vincent & the Grenadines: Selected
Page 248 and 249: 3the islands’ adherence to the
Page 250 and 251: Total goods and services trade was
Page 253 and 254: TRINIDAD & TOBAGOEconomic and Socia
Page 255 and 256: development” category. Since 1990
Page 257 and 258: International Integration 5Sources:
Page 259: Trinidad and Tobago has consistentl
Page 264 and 265: He said that, in mid-2005, St. Kitt
Page 266 and 267: projects are set to come online in
Page 268 and 269: Government of Jamaica 10In testimon
Page 270 and 271: mentioned that promoting health tou
Page 272 and 273: economies have become increasingly
Page 274 and 275: Caribbean-Central American Action (
Page 276: and that CBERA benefits are limited
Page 279 and 280: She added that “a failure to full
Page 281: APPENDIX ARequest Letter from Commi
Page 284 and 285: 11/07/2UU'113: 45 P'Ua uu3The Honor
Page 286 and 287: I I / V I / L U U I 15;40 P M......
Page 289 and 290: 71432 Federal Register / Vol. 72, N
Page 291: 71434 Federal Register / Vol. 72, N
Page 295 and 296: CALENDAR OF PUBLIC HEARINGThose lis
Page 297 and 298: ORGANIZATION AND WITNESS:Halcrow, I
Page 299: APPENDIX DCountry Profiles Tables a
Page 302 and 303: Table D.1 Country Profiles Tables a
Page 304 and 305: Table D.1-ContinuedTable or figuren
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Table D.1-ContinuedTable or figuren
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APPENDIX EMerchandise Trade Tables
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Table E.2 Leading U.S. imports unde
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APPENDIX FDevelopment Tables
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Table F.2 Selected examples of rece
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Table F.2-ContinuedCountryPanama-Co
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Caribbean Region: Review of Economic Growth and ... - USITC

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