Gems Notes and Extracts Augusto Castellani, Mrs. John Brogden 1871

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viCONTENTS.PAGELapis-lazuli, or Lazulite . 134Lava 138Petrided Wood . . . .139Lepidolite 140Lumachella 141Lunaria, or Moon-stone . 142Malachite 142Marquisite 145Marble 146Mica 147Mosaic 149Natrolite 151Nephrite 151Niccolo 152Cat's-eye 152Olivine 155Onyx 156Oolite 157Opal 158Owarovite 161Touchstone 162Pastes 163Peridot 166Pearl 168False Pearls 175Pyroxenum 178PAGEPisolite 180Plasma 181Porphyry 182Prase 184Quiritine 186Rubellite 187Ruby 188Oriental . .Ruby .188SpmelRuby .192. . .BalaisRuby .... 195Sard 198Sard-agate 200Sardonyx 201Emerald 202Emery 210Spuma Marina . . . .212Stalactite 212Tourmaline 214Topaz 215Tripoli 219Turquoise 220Variolite 223Vermilion 224Sapphire 225EPILOGUE . . 234
INTRODUCTION.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.MINERALS consist of all those substances which haveneither animal nor vegetable life, and are thereforedevoid of sensation,existing merely by the power ofaggregation or chemical affinity.The science which treats of minerals is calledMineralogy, and is divided into two distinct branches,viz., that which preserves the name, and treats simplyof minerals with regard to their component elements,and Geology, which regards minerals pure ormixed,as they exist in nature and in relation to the soil.Mineralogy describes the individual quality of thevarious mineralogical species; geology treats only ofminerals as constituent parts of the earth.Those minerals which are used ornamentally and areprized for their rarity are called Gems.In mineralogy, as in other departments of naturalhistory, minerals are united in groups, forming greatclasses, which are divided into genera, species, andvarieties.We are indebted to Theophrastus, philosopher of
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Page 7 and 8: GEMSNOTES AND EXTRACTSBYAUGUSTO CAS
Page 9: CONTENTS.INTRODUCTION.General Obser
Page 13 and 14: INTRODUCTION.Chemical discoveries v
Page 15 and 16: INTEODUCTION. 5The natural characte
Page 17 and 18: INTBODUCTION. 7represents the speci
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION. 9Many crystals presen
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION. 112. HISTORY AND VALU
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION. 13lets, which, were g
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION. 151. Hardness. 5. Che
Page 29 and 30: ADULAEIA. 19beauty. In commerce it
Page 31 and 32: AQUAMAEINA. 21lose their colour. Th
Page 33 and 34: AGATE. 23the cutting discovers circ
Page 35 and 36: ALABASTRITE AND ALABASTER. 25of a v
Page 37 and 38: ALMANDINK 27Those alabasters are sp
Page 39 and 40: AMAZZONITE. 29The amazzonite is abs
Page 41 and 42: AMBER. 31believed that it was a veg
Page 43 and 44: AMETHYST. 33VIIITHE AMETHYST.THE am
Page 45 and 46: APATITE. 35In all ages amethysts we
Page 47 and 48: ARGIRITE. 37argirite, or magnes, wa
Page 49 and 50: ASTERIA. 39Caire saw in London a la
Page 51 and 52: IVORY. 41of their great antiquity,
Page 53 and 54: AVENTURINE. 43" Which some people c
Page 55 and 56: BERYL. 45called Thumerite, from the
Page 57 and 58: do not think itunlikelyBOORT. 47tha
Page 59 and 60: CALCEDONY. 49white ;when broken, th
Page 61 and 62:
CALCEDONYX. 51At present this stone
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CARUON. 53It is black, opaque, vitr
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CYMOPHANE. 55When analysed, it yiel
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CLOROPHANE. 57Although the cymophan
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SHELLS. 59it should be resumed, in
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CORAL. 61loses the calcareous subst
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CORUNDUM. 63In the East both, men a
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CAENELIAN. 65XXVIII.CARNELIAN.CARNE
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CUEYSOBERYL.G7nature of its substan
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CHRYSOLITE.G9Less hard than all oth
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CERYSO PRASE. 71It is generally tra
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ROCK CRYSTAL. 73forms are always id
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DIAMOND. 75or, as they are commonly
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DIAMOND. 77tallic vapours, which, i
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DIAMOND. 79used it ornamentally. Ot
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DIAMOND. 81are found ;the most famo
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DIAMOND. 83A passage in "Pliny (xxx
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DIAMOND. 85smith, having perceived
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DIAMOND. 87century, when trying to
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DIAMOND. 89Table of the Prices of D
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DIAMOND. 91long time, and from whom
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DIAMOND. 93still belongs, its value
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DIAMOND. 95fore, in Persia, would n
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DIAMOND. 97first part of the eighte
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DIAMOND. ,99The treasury of Dresden
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DIAMOND. 101Carbon is combustible a
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JASPEE. 108violet, and green are fo
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JASPER. 105nish a great deal of thi
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D1CHE01TE. 107ferent colours blue,
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ESSONITE. 109This substance isby ma
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EUCLASIO.Illprecision in an} T dete
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FLUOEINE. 113false amethyst, when i
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JACINTH. 115various articles, belie
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JADE. 117XLIII.JADE.A MINERAL subst
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JAEGOON. 119It isalways found in a
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GARNET, 121hesitation in calling it
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GARNET. 123When analysed, they give
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HAUYNA. 125very rare, and the few t
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IDOCEAS1UM. 127The hauyna is not mu
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HYDEOPHANE. 129porous. It takes a g
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IBIS. 131LI.IRIS.A VARIETY of very
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LABEADOR. 133The labrador has a gre
Page 145 and 146:
LAPIS LAZULI, OR LAZULITE. 135I bel
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LAPIS LAZULI, OR LAZULITE. 137beaut
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PETRIFIED WOOD. ]39LYI.PETRIFIEDWOO
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composed ofLUMACHELLA. 141scales ra
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MALACHITE. 143Corsi states, though,
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MARQUISITE. 145stone render it litt
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MICA. 147it is freely soluble in ac
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MOSAIC. 149duced by the diverging a
Page 161 and 162:
NATROLITE. 151LXY.NATROLITE.THIS mi
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CATS EYE. 153It consists of a quart
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OLIVINE. 155LXIX.OLIVINE.SILICATE o
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OOLITE. 157to good account, and giv
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OPAL. 159chinks, in which, the air
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OWAEOVITE.1G1It is met with in vein
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PASTES. 163The touchstone came form
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PASTES. 165glass;and we know that A
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PEEWOT.1G7canic sands, it acquired
Page 179 and 180:
PEARL. 169Different opinions are ex
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PEARL. 171The daring Americans go t
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1\EAEL. 173In one of Pompey's trium
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FALSE PEARLS. 175Two Greek merchant
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FALSE PEARLS. 177For here the beadm
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PYEOXENUM. 179The basalt pyroxenum
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PLASMA. 181%LXXXI.PLASMA.UNDER this
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PORPHYRY. 183The variety of porphyr
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PEASE. 185It takes a polish which w
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RUBELLITE. 187LXXXV.RUBELLITE.THIS
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RUBY. 189The specific gravity of th
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RUBY. 191acausti and apiroti " cum
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RUBY. 193than those of the corundum
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'ItUBY. 193rubies, but the deceit i
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RUBY. 197well engraved by the tool,
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SARD. 199Its specific gravity is eq
Page 211 and 212:
SARDONYX. 201In this well-known sto
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EMERALD. 203This variety of corundu
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EMERALD. 205Silex 68-50Alumina .. .
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EMERALD. 207Coptos, a city of the T
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EMERALD. 209than 10 lire the carat.
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EMEEY. 211Oriental emery is nothing
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STALACTITE. '213They have a fibrous
Page 225 and 226:
TOPAZ. 215sometimes very large. It
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TOPAZ. 217was made by Damelle in 17
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TRIPOLI. 210XCYI.TRIPOLI.THIS miner
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TURQUOISE. 221Fine turquoises of th
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VARIOLITE. 223lie plainly says that
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SAPPHIBE. 225formerly, but at prese
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SAPPHIRE. 227" Dolce color d' orien
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SAPPHIRE. 229and very seldom purple
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SAPPHIRE. 231The ancients attribute
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SAPPHIRE. 233fine sapphire on which
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9.6.EPILOGUE. 235out a lengthened d
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|EPILOGUE. 2371st. Of the composite
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EPILOGUE. 2393rd. Of the silicate o
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EPILOGUE. 241I do not pretend in th
Page 254:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARYBER
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Gems Notes and Extracts Augusto Castellani, Mrs. John Brogden 1871

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