Gems Notes and Extracts Augusto Castellani, Mrs. John Brogden 1871

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240 GEMS.Besides the mineralogical classes under which wehave arranged the greater part of these gems, thereremain some which belong more properly tothe vegetableor animal kingdom.Of these I do not give a scientific classification. Inthe first place, because they are few ;and in the secondplace, because doing so would lead me into a specialtreatise foreign to the present subject, and which belongsmore to the province of botanists and zoologists.On this matter it is sufficient for me to sayprecious substancesnamed in this book which, belongingto the vegetableare:1. Amber.|that thekingdom, are used ornamentally,2. Gagat.And to the animal kingdom :1. Ivory.2. Shells.3. Coral.4. Mother-of-pearl.5. Pearl.I have besides mentioned in my listmosaics, pastes,and enamels of various colours. These, being productionsof art and not of nature, are not included inany class or genus, although mentioned in this treatisebecause they serve the same purpose as gems.With these observations I conclude my work, sufficientlyrewarded if, by this effort, I shall in somedegree have been an assistance both to those who studyprecious stones as naturalists, and to those who make ita subject of art and of commerce.
EPILOGUE. 241I do not pretend in this work to teach anything new,or to have made wonderful discoveries, but only tohave given a book on gems, in which vis/ collected thebest observations hitherto made in works on similarsubjects ; my object having always been, both in mywork as a goldsmith and by my pen, to promote, inItaly, the further increase and greater glory of the artwhich I profess.Vale.16th October, 1869.
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GEMSNOTES AND EXTRACTSBYAUGUSTO CAS
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CONTENTS.INTRODUCTION.General Obser
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INTRODUCTION.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.M
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INTRODUCTION.Chemical discoveries v
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INTEODUCTION. 5The natural characte
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INTBODUCTION. 7represents the speci
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INTRODUCTION. 9Many crystals presen
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INTRODUCTION. 112. HISTORY AND VALU
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INTRODUCTION. 13lets, which, were g
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INTRODUCTION. 151. Hardness. 5. Che
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ADULAEIA. 19beauty. In commerce it
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AQUAMAEINA. 21lose their colour. Th
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AGATE. 23the cutting discovers circ
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ALABASTRITE AND ALABASTER. 25of a v
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ALMANDINK 27Those alabasters are sp
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AMAZZONITE. 29The amazzonite is abs
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AMBER. 31believed that it was a veg
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AMETHYST. 33VIIITHE AMETHYST.THE am
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APATITE. 35In all ages amethysts we
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ARGIRITE. 37argirite, or magnes, wa
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ASTERIA. 39Caire saw in London a la
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IVORY. 41of their great antiquity,
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AVENTURINE. 43" Which some people c
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BERYL. 45called Thumerite, from the
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do not think itunlikelyBOORT. 47tha
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CALCEDONY. 49white ;when broken, th
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CALCEDONYX. 51At present this stone
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CARUON. 53It is black, opaque, vitr
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CYMOPHANE. 55When analysed, it yiel
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CLOROPHANE. 57Although the cymophan
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SHELLS. 59it should be resumed, in
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CORAL. 61loses the calcareous subst
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CORUNDUM. 63In the East both, men a
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CAENELIAN. 65XXVIII.CARNELIAN.CARNE
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CUEYSOBERYL.G7nature of its substan
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CHRYSOLITE.G9Less hard than all oth
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CERYSO PRASE. 71It is generally tra
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ROCK CRYSTAL. 73forms are always id
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DIAMOND. 75or, as they are commonly
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DIAMOND. 77tallic vapours, which, i
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DIAMOND. 79used it ornamentally. Ot
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DIAMOND. 81are found ;the most famo
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DIAMOND. 83A passage in "Pliny (xxx
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DIAMOND. 85smith, having perceived
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DIAMOND. 87century, when trying to
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DIAMOND. 89Table of the Prices of D
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DIAMOND. 91long time, and from whom
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DIAMOND. 93still belongs, its value
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DIAMOND. 95fore, in Persia, would n
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DIAMOND. 97first part of the eighte
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DIAMOND. ,99The treasury of Dresden
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DIAMOND. 101Carbon is combustible a
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JASPEE. 108violet, and green are fo
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JASPER. 105nish a great deal of thi
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D1CHE01TE. 107ferent colours blue,
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ESSONITE. 109This substance isby ma
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EUCLASIO.Illprecision in an} T dete
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FLUOEINE. 113false amethyst, when i
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JACINTH. 115various articles, belie
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JADE. 117XLIII.JADE.A MINERAL subst
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JAEGOON. 119It isalways found in a
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GARNET, 121hesitation in calling it
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GARNET. 123When analysed, they give
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HAUYNA. 125very rare, and the few t
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IDOCEAS1UM. 127The hauyna is not mu
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HYDEOPHANE. 129porous. It takes a g
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IBIS. 131LI.IRIS.A VARIETY of very
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LABEADOR. 133The labrador has a gre
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LAPIS LAZULI, OR LAZULITE. 135I bel
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LAPIS LAZULI, OR LAZULITE. 137beaut
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PETRIFIED WOOD. ]39LYI.PETRIFIEDWOO
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composed ofLUMACHELLA. 141scales ra
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MALACHITE. 143Corsi states, though,
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MARQUISITE. 145stone render it litt
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MICA. 147it is freely soluble in ac
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MOSAIC. 149duced by the diverging a
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NATROLITE. 151LXY.NATROLITE.THIS mi
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CATS EYE. 153It consists of a quart
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OLIVINE. 155LXIX.OLIVINE.SILICATE o
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OOLITE. 157to good account, and giv
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OPAL. 159chinks, in which, the air
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OWAEOVITE.1G1It is met with in vein
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PASTES. 163The touchstone came form
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PASTES. 165glass;and we know that A
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PEEWOT.1G7canic sands, it acquired
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PEARL. 169Different opinions are ex
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PEARL. 171The daring Americans go t
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1\EAEL. 173In one of Pompey's trium
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FALSE PEARLS. 175Two Greek merchant
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FALSE PEARLS. 177For here the beadm
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PYEOXENUM. 179The basalt pyroxenum
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PLASMA. 181%LXXXI.PLASMA.UNDER this
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PORPHYRY. 183The variety of porphyr
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PEASE. 185It takes a polish which w
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RUBELLITE. 187LXXXV.RUBELLITE.THIS
Page 199 and 200: RUBY. 189The specific gravity of th
Page 201 and 202: RUBY. 191acausti and apiroti " cum
Page 203 and 204: RUBY. 193than those of the corundum
Page 205 and 206: 'ItUBY. 193rubies, but the deceit i
Page 207 and 208: RUBY. 197well engraved by the tool,
Page 209 and 210: SARD. 199Its specific gravity is eq
Page 211 and 212: SARDONYX. 201In this well-known sto
Page 213 and 214: EMERALD. 203This variety of corundu
Page 215 and 216: EMERALD. 205Silex 68-50Alumina .. .
Page 217 and 218: EMERALD. 207Coptos, a city of the T
Page 219 and 220: EMERALD. 209than 10 lire the carat.
Page 221 and 222: EMEEY. 211Oriental emery is nothing
Page 223 and 224: STALACTITE. '213They have a fibrous
Page 225 and 226: TOPAZ. 215sometimes very large. It
Page 227 and 228: TOPAZ. 217was made by Damelle in 17
Page 229 and 230: TRIPOLI. 210XCYI.TRIPOLI.THIS miner
Page 231 and 232: TURQUOISE. 221Fine turquoises of th
Page 233 and 234: VARIOLITE. 223lie plainly says that
Page 235 and 236: SAPPHIBE. 225formerly, but at prese
Page 237 and 238: SAPPHIRE. 227" Dolce color d' orien
Page 239 and 240: SAPPHIRE. 229and very seldom purple
Page 241 and 242: SAPPHIRE. 231The ancients attribute
Page 243 and 244: SAPPHIRE. 233fine sapphire on which
Page 245 and 246: 9.6.EPILOGUE. 235out a lengthened d
Page 247 and 248: |EPILOGUE. 2371st. Of the composite
Page 249: EPILOGUE. 2393rd. Of the silicate o
Page 254: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARYBER
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Gems Notes and Extracts Augusto Castellani, Mrs. John Brogden 1871

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