Gems Notes and Extracts Augusto Castellani, Mrs. John Brogden 1871

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210 GEMS.on which is represented, with three figures,the soulcarried away by pleasures.The ancients dedicated this,gem to Mercury, andbelieved that it had the peculiar virtue of preservingthe sight if worn in a ring, of alleviating the painsof parturition, and of being an infallible talisman forpreserving chastity.AVhen reduced to powder, six grainsof it wereswallowed as a noble remedy for various maladies.According to Ebelman, Western emeralds could bemanufactured by melting a mixture ofSilex 7-00Alumina .. .. 1*60Glucine 1-40Boracic acid, fused .. 4 '06Oxide of chrome .. 10From this results a green crystal, having a specificgravity of 2*73 to 2-77, which can be marked by anEnglish file, but deeply marks common white crystaland the softer kinds of quartz.XCI.EMERY.MINERAL substance whose name is derived froma wo'rd by which the Greeks meant the stoneused by lapidaries in cutting gems..It is divided, like those, into Oriental and Western.
EMEEY. 211Oriental emery is nothing but granular corundum,that is, an aluminate whose specific gravity is 4, andwhich, when analysed, yieldsAlumina .. .. ..86Silex 3Iron .. .. .. 4Waste 7By some it is called adamantine spar, and is found inChina, Bengal, and Ceylon in large octahedrons, which,under a given angle of luminous rays, reflect bluishlight, but are generally opaque.The best comes from China, and contains moreoxidized iron than that from Bengal. When pulverised,it scratches some gems, but not the diamond.The Western granular corundum, or Western emery,is rarely found in crystals ; it is more frequentlydisseminated in grains, like sand.Although excessively hard,it is less so than theOriental. Its colour is black grey, reddish grey, orbluish grey.It is seldom transparent, yet some of itsvery fine particles shine brightly.The Western emery, which must not be confoundedwith the granite, magnetic iron, and the compact redhematite, is found in Italy, Germany, and Spain, atSmyrna, in the island of Xasso, at Jersey and Guernsey.That kind which is found in Saxony lies between thestrata of mica and steatite. It is united with a greatquantity of iron, from which cause it is often attractedby the magnetic needle.
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GEMSNOTES AND EXTRACTSBYAUGUSTO CAS
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CONTENTS.INTRODUCTION.General Obser
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INTRODUCTION.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.M
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INTRODUCTION.Chemical discoveries v
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INTEODUCTION. 5The natural characte
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INTBODUCTION. 7represents the speci
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INTRODUCTION. 9Many crystals presen
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INTRODUCTION. 112. HISTORY AND VALU
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INTRODUCTION. 13lets, which, were g
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INTRODUCTION. 151. Hardness. 5. Che
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ADULAEIA. 19beauty. In commerce it
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AQUAMAEINA. 21lose their colour. Th
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AGATE. 23the cutting discovers circ
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ALABASTRITE AND ALABASTER. 25of a v
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ALMANDINK 27Those alabasters are sp
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AMAZZONITE. 29The amazzonite is abs
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AMBER. 31believed that it was a veg
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AMETHYST. 33VIIITHE AMETHYST.THE am
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APATITE. 35In all ages amethysts we
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ARGIRITE. 37argirite, or magnes, wa
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ASTERIA. 39Caire saw in London a la
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IVORY. 41of their great antiquity,
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AVENTURINE. 43" Which some people c
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BERYL. 45called Thumerite, from the
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do not think itunlikelyBOORT. 47tha
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CALCEDONY. 49white ;when broken, th
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CALCEDONYX. 51At present this stone
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CARUON. 53It is black, opaque, vitr
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CYMOPHANE. 55When analysed, it yiel
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CLOROPHANE. 57Although the cymophan
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SHELLS. 59it should be resumed, in
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CORAL. 61loses the calcareous subst
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CORUNDUM. 63In the East both, men a
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CAENELIAN. 65XXVIII.CARNELIAN.CARNE
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CUEYSOBERYL.G7nature of its substan
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CHRYSOLITE.G9Less hard than all oth
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CERYSO PRASE. 71It is generally tra
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ROCK CRYSTAL. 73forms are always id
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DIAMOND. 75or, as they are commonly
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DIAMOND. 77tallic vapours, which, i
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DIAMOND. 79used it ornamentally. Ot
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DIAMOND. 81are found ;the most famo
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DIAMOND. 83A passage in "Pliny (xxx
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DIAMOND. 85smith, having perceived
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DIAMOND. 87century, when trying to
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DIAMOND. 89Table of the Prices of D
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DIAMOND. 91long time, and from whom
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DIAMOND. 93still belongs, its value
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DIAMOND. 95fore, in Persia, would n
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DIAMOND. 97first part of the eighte
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DIAMOND. ,99The treasury of Dresden
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DIAMOND. 101Carbon is combustible a
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JASPEE. 108violet, and green are fo
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JASPER. 105nish a great deal of thi
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D1CHE01TE. 107ferent colours blue,
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ESSONITE. 109This substance isby ma
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EUCLASIO.Illprecision in an} T dete
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FLUOEINE. 113false amethyst, when i
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JACINTH. 115various articles, belie
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JADE. 117XLIII.JADE.A MINERAL subst
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JAEGOON. 119It isalways found in a
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GARNET, 121hesitation in calling it
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GARNET. 123When analysed, they give
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HAUYNA. 125very rare, and the few t
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IDOCEAS1UM. 127The hauyna is not mu
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HYDEOPHANE. 129porous. It takes a g
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IBIS. 131LI.IRIS.A VARIETY of very
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LABEADOR. 133The labrador has a gre
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LAPIS LAZULI, OR LAZULITE. 135I bel
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LAPIS LAZULI, OR LAZULITE. 137beaut
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PETRIFIED WOOD. ]39LYI.PETRIFIEDWOO
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composed ofLUMACHELLA. 141scales ra
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MALACHITE. 143Corsi states, though,
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MARQUISITE. 145stone render it litt
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MICA. 147it is freely soluble in ac
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MOSAIC. 149duced by the diverging a
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NATROLITE. 151LXY.NATROLITE.THIS mi
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CATS EYE. 153It consists of a quart
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OLIVINE. 155LXIX.OLIVINE.SILICATE o
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OOLITE. 157to good account, and giv
Page 169 and 170: OPAL. 159chinks, in which, the air
Page 171 and 172: OWAEOVITE.1G1It is met with in vein
Page 173 and 174: PASTES. 163The touchstone came form
Page 175 and 176: PASTES. 165glass;and we know that A
Page 177 and 178: PEEWOT.1G7canic sands, it acquired
Page 179 and 180: PEARL. 169Different opinions are ex
Page 181 and 182: PEARL. 171The daring Americans go t
Page 183 and 184: 1\EAEL. 173In one of Pompey's trium
Page 185 and 186: FALSE PEARLS. 175Two Greek merchant
Page 187 and 188: FALSE PEARLS. 177For here the beadm
Page 189 and 190: PYEOXENUM. 179The basalt pyroxenum
Page 191 and 192: PLASMA. 181%LXXXI.PLASMA.UNDER this
Page 193 and 194: PORPHYRY. 183The variety of porphyr
Page 195 and 196: PEASE. 185It takes a polish which w
Page 197 and 198: RUBELLITE. 187LXXXV.RUBELLITE.THIS
Page 199 and 200: RUBY. 189The specific gravity of th
Page 201 and 202: RUBY. 191acausti and apiroti " cum
Page 203 and 204: RUBY. 193than those of the corundum
Page 205 and 206: 'ItUBY. 193rubies, but the deceit i
Page 207 and 208: RUBY. 197well engraved by the tool,
Page 209 and 210: SARD. 199Its specific gravity is eq
Page 211 and 212: SARDONYX. 201In this well-known sto
Page 213 and 214: EMERALD. 203This variety of corundu
Page 215 and 216: EMERALD. 205Silex 68-50Alumina .. .
Page 217 and 218: EMERALD. 207Coptos, a city of the T
Page 219: EMERALD. 209than 10 lire the carat.
Page 223 and 224: STALACTITE. '213They have a fibrous
Page 225 and 226: TOPAZ. 215sometimes very large. It
Page 227 and 228: TOPAZ. 217was made by Damelle in 17
Page 229 and 230: TRIPOLI. 210XCYI.TRIPOLI.THIS miner
Page 231 and 232: TURQUOISE. 221Fine turquoises of th
Page 233 and 234: VARIOLITE. 223lie plainly says that
Page 235 and 236: SAPPHIBE. 225formerly, but at prese
Page 237 and 238: SAPPHIRE. 227" Dolce color d' orien
Page 239 and 240: SAPPHIRE. 229and very seldom purple
Page 241 and 242: SAPPHIRE. 231The ancients attribute
Page 243 and 244: SAPPHIRE. 233fine sapphire on which
Page 245 and 246: 9.6.EPILOGUE. 235out a lengthened d
Page 247 and 248: |EPILOGUE. 2371st. Of the composite
Page 249 and 250: EPILOGUE. 2393rd. Of the silicate o
Page 251 and 252: EPILOGUE. 241I do not pretend in th
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Gems Notes and Extracts Augusto Castellani, Mrs. John Brogden 1871

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