Macau Yearbook 2013 - Macao Yearbook

Cover: The New Hengqin Campus of the University of Macau

Macao Yearbook 2013Published bythe Government Information Bureauof the Macao Special Administrative RegionNovember 2013

Editor’s noteEditor’s noteThe Macao Yearbook is a reference book published annually by the Government Information Bureauof the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR). It outlines major events, details of progressachieved, and changes made in the course of Macao’s political, economic, social and culturaldevelopment. The Macao Yearbook has been published since 2002, with the aim of promotingMacao and providing detailed information and data for all who wish to study and understand Macao.The Macao Yearbook is divided into four sections: Administrative Priorities of the MSARGovernment; Calendar of Events; Annual Review of the Macao SAR; and Appendices.The Annual Review of the MSAR in 2012 records all the major work undertaken in theadministrative, legislative and judicial areas in Macao during the year. It also presents, in a systematicand integrated manner, data and information on 16 areas, namely the political and administrativesystem; legal and judicial system; external relations; economy; gaming industry; tourism; publicorder; education; culture and sport; health and social welfare; media, communications andinformation technology; land, infrastructure, housing and public utilities; transport; geography,environment and population; religion and customs; and history.To illustrate various aspects of the latest developments in the MSAR in a visual way, theGovernment Information Bureau jointly organised with eight local photography organisations andfour news media organisations a photographic competition entitled “Precious Moments in Macao”in early 2013. The yearbook has been enhanced by eight of the winning entries.Most of the figures and data quoted in the Macao Yearbook 2013 were provided by relevantdepartments and the Statistics and Census Service, and they correspond to the situation at the end of2012. However, some content is more up to date, reflecting the current situation in Macao, includingGovernment directories and details of the visa validity of MSAR Passports and travel permits.Unless specified otherwise, all the monetary amounts shown are in Macao’s currency – the pataca.The English version of the Macao Yearbook has been translated from the Chinese original.Therefore, in the event of any discrepancies, the Chinese version should take precedence.This publication uses the official spelling of “Macao”, except in the cases of proper names andtitles that use “Macau”.The success of the Macao Yearbook is due to the strong support and cooperation received fromvarious departments of the Macao SAR Government, as well as other public bodies and institutions.We wish to express our gratitude to all whose efforts to provide detailed documentation and datahave enabled us to complete our editorial work smoothly. Its content has been carefully checked andproofread during the editorial process, production and printing. However, we apologise in advanceif any errors remained undetected. We also welcome all comments and suggestions.The Macao Yearbook Editorial Committee3

ContentsContentsEnhance the Well-being of Society and Prepare for Long-termDevelopment-- Administrative Priorities of the MSAR Government in 2013 ...................................................09Calendar of Events in 2012 ......................................................................................21Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Ensuring stable economic growth and developing Macao as a tourismand leisure centre to diversify the economy .................................................................................57Successful progress in constitutional developmentand continued improvement in public administration ..................................................................66Improving social welfare and securing people’s well-being .........................................................71Strengthening efforts to combat crime and reinforcing civil protection .......................................80Fulfilment of legislative and supervisory duties with the passage of 16 bills ..............................82Efficient and fair trials and stringent action in criminal prosecution ............................................83Fighting corruption and promoting probity,and adopting new technology to improve auditing .......................................................................861. Political System and Administration ....................................................................................912. The Legal System and the Judiciary ...................................................................................1193. External Relations ...............................................................................................................1374. Economy .............................................................................................................................1495. The Gaming Industry ..........................................................................................................2056. Tourism ...............................................................................................................................2217. Public Order ........................................................................................................................2378. Education ............................................................................................................................2539. Culture and Sport ................................................................................................................27110. Health and Social Welfare ..................................................................................................2915

Macao Yearbook 201311. Media, Communications and Information Technology ......................................................30912. Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public Utilities .............................................................32913. Transport .............................................................................................................................35314. Geography, Environment and Population ...........................................................................37315. Religion and Customs .........................................................................................................40516. History ................................................................................................................................415Appendices1. Principal Officials of the Macao SAR ................................................................................4272. Members of the Executive Council of the Macao SAR .....................................................4283. Members of the Fourth Term Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR ...........................4294. Judges of the Courts of the Macao SAR .............................................................................4345. Public Prosecutors of the Macao SAR ...............................................................................4366. Government Departments and Agencies of the Macao SAR .............................................4387. Representative Offices of the Macao SAR Government Tourist Office .............................4678. Countries Exercising Consular Jurisdiction in the Macao SAR .........................................4719. Visa-free Access for Holders of Macao SAR Passports and Travel Permits ......................47210. Countries/Territories Granted Visa-free Access by the Macao SAR ..................................47711. Multilateral Treaties Applicable to the Macao SAR (by Subject) ......................................48112. Decorations, Medals and Certificates of Merit Conferred by the Macao SAR in 2011 .....50013. Macao SAR Budget – Revenue and Expenses for 2013 (Summary) .................................50314. External Trade Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ................................................................50515. Imports from Major Countries and Territories for Five Years to 2012 ...............................50616. Exports to Major Countries and Territories for Five Years to 2012 ...................................50717. Domestic Exports to Major Countries and Territories for Five Years to 2012 ...................50818. Tourism Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ...........................................................................50919. Visitor Arrivals for Five Years to 2012 by Place of Residence ..........................................51020. Statistics on Hotels, Restaurants, Travel Agencies, Discos and Karaoke Parloursfor Five Years to 2012 ........................................................................................................51121. Consumer Price Index (Including Rent) for Five Years to 2012 ........................................51222. Monetary and Financial Statistics for Five Years to 2012 (at year-end) ............................5136

Contents23. Gross Domestics Product and Main Components of Expenditurefor Five Years to 2012 ........................................................................................................51424. Public Finances for Five Years to 2012 ..............................................................................51525. Stock, Flows and Income of Inward Direct Investment by Industryfor Five Years to 2011 .........................................................................................................51626. Stock, Flows and Income of Inward Direct Investment for Five Years to 2011,Classified by the Usual Residence of Direct Investors .......................................................51827. Demographic Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ..................................................................51928. Law and Order Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ................................................................52029. Labour and Employment Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ................................................52130. Industrial and Commercial Establishments for Five Years to 2012 ...................................52431. Statistics on the Employed Population for Five Years to 2012 by Industry .......................52532. Health Statistics for Five Years to 2012 .............................................................................52633. Regular and Continuing Education .....................................................................................52734. Construction Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ...................................................................52835. Transport Statistics for Five Years to 2012 .........................................................................52936. Communications Statistics for Five Years to 2012 .............................................................53137. Consumption of Energy and Construction Materials, and Liquid andGaseous Fuel Statistics for Five Years to 2012 ..................................................................5327

Macao Yearbook 2013Population and HouseholdsTotal population(As at 31 December 2012): 582,000Of whom 280,300 were males301,700 were femalesAge structure:Under 15 years old: 11.6 percent15 – 64 years old: 80.8 percent65 years old and above: 7.7 percentMajor nationalities (according to Census 2011)Chinese: 92.3 percentFilipino: 2.7 percentPortuguese: 0.9 percentMajor birthplaces of Macao residents (according toCensus 2011)Macao: 40.9 percentMainland China: 46.2 percentOf whom 69.2 percent were born in Guangdongand 13.9 percent in Fujian provincesHong Kong: 3.5 percentThe Philippines: 2.6 percentPortugal: 0.3 percentCrude birth rate: 12.9 per 1,000 populationCrude death rate: 3.2 per 1,000 populationMarriage rate: 6.7 per 1,000 populationDivorce rate: 2.2 per 1,000 populationAgeing index: 66.2 percentTotal number of households (as at 31 December2012): 178,600Average persons per household: 3.03Total number of households living in apartments(according to Census 2011): 168,937Of which 70.8 percent lived in private housing;24.5 percent lived in rented housing;1.4 percent lived in housing provided by employersor rent-free properties.Population density: 19,000 persons per square kilometreGeography and WeatherLongitude: 113° 31’ 33” E – 113° 35’ 43” ELatitude: 22° 06’ 39” N – 22° 13’ 06” NTotal land area: 29.9 sq. kmMacao peninsula: 9.3 sq. kmTaipa island: 7.4 sq. kmColoane island: 7.6 sq. kmCOTAI Reclamation Area: 5.9 sq. kmCoastline: 50.39 kilometresAltitude:Highest point on the Macao peninsula: 90 metres(Guia Hill)Highest point on Taipa island: 158.2 metres(Taipa Grande)Highest point on Coloane island: 170.6 metres(Alto de Coloane)Macao at a GlanceAverage temperature: 22.3ºCTotal rainfall: 1,556 mmAverage relative humidity: 80 percentTotal sunshine: 1,545.3 hoursEmploymentEmployed population: 343,200Of whom 10,300 were employed in manufacturing32,300 in construction8,200 in finance and banking78,900 in gamingLabour force participation rate: 72.4 percentUnemployment rate: 20 percentUnderemployment rate: 0.8 percentMotor Roads and Licensed VehiclesTotal length of motor roads: 417.4 kilometresNewly registered vehicles: 17,621Licensed vehicles: 217,335Of which 101,712 were automobiles115,623 were motorcyclesMajor Economic IndicatorsGDP at current prices: 348.216 billion patacasGDP (chain volume): 303.951 billion patacasGDP per capita at current prices: 611,300 patacasMedian monthly earnings of employed population:11,300 patacasNarrow money supply (M1): 47.519 billion patacas(at year-end)Broad money supply (M2): 374.431 billion patacas(at year-end)Residents’ deposits: 366.762 billion patacas (at year-end)Inflation rate (Composite CPI): 6.11 percentTotal merchandise imports and exportsTotal imports: 70.928 billion patacasTotal exports: 8.16 billion patacasInbound and outbound container movements by land:30,681 tonnesInbound and outbound container movements by sea:207,280 tonnesSeaborne container throughput: 119,927 TEUsAir cargo movements: 27,794 tonnesInbound commercial flights: 19,285TourismVisitor arrivals: 28,082,300By sea: 11,484,800By land: 14,829,700By air: 1,767,800Hotel occupancy: 83.1 percentPer-capita spending of visitors (excluding gaming):1,864 patacasNote:1. Due to round-up adjustment, the total figures may not exactly equal the sum of individual items.8

Administrative Priorities in 2013Enhance the Well-being of Society and Prepare forLong-term DevelopmentAdministrative Priorities of the MSAR Government in 2013Looking back over the past year, we have strictly abided by the Basic Law of Macao, continuedto follow the prpinciples of “One country, two systems”, “Macao people governing Macao” and ahigh degree of autonomy, and pragmatically opened up new opportunities with an eagerness to forgeahead. With the strong support of the central government and the concerted efforts of the MSARGovernment and Macao people, we have overcome both internal and external difficulties, leadingto steady development in society, politics, the economy and culture. Certainly, we recognise thatthere remains room for improvement in the Government’s administration, and are also aware ofthe various issues that affect society. Therefore we continue to strive to enhance our administrationand seek solutions to our problems.In 2013, to realise the various policy objectives, we will make progress over time and willintensify scientific policy-making; continue to improve public administration operations, live outthe spirit of accountability, and govern in accordance with the law; strengthen our efforts to fosterintegrity and in auditing; safeguard social justice; fully protect the freedom of the press; pay heedto the voices of the public; design policies that are scientific and forward-looking; and work hardtowards realising our sound development plan.I. Develop a long-term mechanism for effective administration, and sharethe fruits of developmentThe Government will strengthen its standardised, stable, long-term and supportive administrativesystem with timely supplementary measures, to steadily promote long-term development of thesocial security system, health care, education and housing. In order to continuously improve people’slivelihoods at all levels, the government will facilitate stable economic development and securethe basis of the continued sound investment of resources.Long-term mechanism for effective administration of social securityWe will maintain our focus on construction of a multi-faceted and multi-layered welfare system,strengthening the development of the system, and allocation of resources. To ensure the smoothoperation of the social security system in the coming years, the Government has planned an additionalbudget allocation to the Social Security Fund of five billion patacas in each of 2013 and 2014 and13.5 billion patacas in each of 2015 and 2016, for a total injection of 37 billion patacas over thenext four years. At the same time, we will also consider a moderate increase in the proportion of thecontribution to the Social Security Fund from the gross gaming revenue, continue the optimisationof each contribution proportion, and facilitate consultation regarding increased contributions at the9

Macao Yearbook 2013Standing Council on Social Concerted Action as soon as possible.The Social Security System of the Macao SAR is based on the pay-as-you-go and socialinsurance principles, which mean the elderly receive benefits drawn from contributions made byyounger people, in a virtuous cycle of cross-generational assistance. A solid retirement protectionsystem is a shared responsibility among the government, enterprises and individuals. In this system,contributions to and payments from the Social Security Fund, especially those related to pensions,reflect citizens’ rights and obligations. The Government will study the possible incorporation ofthe old-age allowance into the Social Security System, in order to improve the administrativeefficiency of payments of pensions and the old-age allowance, and to maintain pension levels abovethe minimum subsistence index on the basis of multi-faceted support and multi-layered protection.Therefore, it is proposed to raise the pension level to 3,000 patacas.To take care of the retirement life of the elderly, a cross-departmental study group led by theSocial Welfare Bureau has been set up to conduct a broad assessment of health care, housing, andretirement protection for the elderly.A series of measures are being implemented to establish short, medium and long-term coordinatedfinancial, living and educational assistance schemes, to provide subsistence support to people inneed. This will also tie in with an employment assistance programme to enable benefit recipientsto make the most of their expertise and be self-sufficient. The minimum subsistence index has nowbeen raised to 3,450 patacas.Assessment and distribution of allowances for the disabled have already begun so that all holdersof disability assessment cards can enjoy free health care services. The need for services and facilitiesis carefully analysed prior to drawing up development plans for rehabilitation services.To accelerate the improvement of social facilities, a total of 43 social service facilities areexpected to commence operations between 2013 and 2015, involving a total budget of about 910million patacas. These facilities will provide services to children, young people, the elderly, families,communities, as well as treatment for drug dependence. At the same time, we plan to reserve anewly reclaimed area for the construction of social facilities.Long-term mechanism for effective administration of health careA health care policy of “Improve medical services and prioritise prevention” has been established.The Government will allocate further resources to medical and health care to perfect the structureof the system, improve medical and health care facilities. The Plan for Perfecting the Medical andHealth Care System is formulated to invest 10 billion patacas to establish a more effective health caresystem by 2020. Under short, medium and long-term plans, the Islands District Medical Complex,the Emergency Services Building and a specialist services building at the Conde S. Januario Hospitaland an infectious diseases rehabilitation centre at Coloane Peak are to be constructed. We will alsoincrease the number of health centres and health stations to 11 and two respectively. In addition,the expansion, construction and reconstruction of medical facilities and related projects are to beexpedited. With the completion this year of the expansion of the Emergency Service Building ofConde S. Januario Hospital and new health care centre in Taipa, we look forward to significantimprovements in outpatient services, as well as reduced waiting times for other patients.10

Administrative Priorities in 2013Through investment and integration of resources, the Government will continue to strengthenthe training and recruitment of doctors and nurses, promote the continuing development of medicalstaff, and encourage participation in international accreditation programmes and medical research.The Government will also enhance professional regulation and facilitate reform of medical systemsto meet Macao’s future needs. We are determined to implement the Law of Smoking Preventionand Control and make great efforts in the promotion of smoking control and law enforcement tobuild a smoking-free environment.Long-term mechanism for effective administration of educationThe focus of the Government’s education policy is to improve the overall education quality ofresidents and to nurture local talent. When allocating resources, the Government’s budget prioritisesnon-tertiary education. The amounts allocated to this area will be increased by 26 percent year-onyearin 2012. The Government is also studying the possibility of boosting reserves by instalmentsto enhance the role of the Education Development Fund as a reserve and an adjustment vehicle foreducation funding. Currently, the education subsidy system provides school fee subsidies, recurrenteducation subsidies and textbook allowances to support students with financial difficulties, allowingstudents to receive education without adversely affecting the financial position of their families.At the same time, we have improved the subsidy mechanism to students with financial difficultiesthrough the Student Welfare Fund. We also pay attention to students’ physical development andprovide medical insurance, the budget of which in 2013 increased by 35.2 percent year-on-year.The 15-year free education policy implemented by the Government, and the recent success inmaintaining a university admission rate of 85 percent by third-year students of senior secondaryschools, are the fruits of the Government’s continuous injection of education resources. Under the15-year formal education system, the Government currently subsidises each student attending aschool within the public school network by 310,000 patacas and each student attending a schooloutside the network by almost 200,000 patacas.In tertiary education, the scholarship quota and amount for students who achieve excellentacademic results have both been substantially increased. The Government is also intensifying theimplementation of a programme to attract outstanding students to enrol in professional teachingtraining, to encourage them through scholarships to study education and to work in the localeducation sector after obtaining their degree. The completion of construction of the New HengqinCampus of the University of Macau will mark a new milestone in the development of Macao’stertiary education.The Government attaches great importance to building up a talent database. The collection ofinformation about Macao residents who have enrolled in local and overseas tertiary institutionsfacilitates assessment of the need for talent for the implementation of the medium- and long-termeconomic and social development plan, and provides a reference for the development of appropriatehuman resources policies.We see all young people as our hope for social development. The Government cares for andsupports our young people in their planning of a positive attitude to life, helping them to developindependent and critical thinking, and at the same time, to be innovative and constructive. We aimto make a long-term youth policy for Macao with social consensus.11

Macao Yearbook 2013Long-term mechanism for effective administration of housingThe Government attaches great importance to the basic housing demands of Macao residents, andhas established short-term and medium-term objectives as well as long-term plans to maintain thebalance between public housing and the private property market. Through appropriate allocation andprovision of public housing, Home-Ownership Scheme housing and private residential properties,the demands of residents from all walks of life can be met.The Government has completed construction of 19,000 public housing units as planned.Families on the waiting list are gradually moving into the new units, and the Government has alsorecommenced accepting applications for Home-Ownership Scheme housing and public housing.The mechanism to monitor buildings for maintenance deficiencies is being strengthened throughcontinued promotion of the Building Maintenance Fund Scheme.The “post-19,000 units” public housing programme is now in full swing; more land will bereserved for the provision of further public housing units beyond the previously announcedprogramme of 6,300 units. The Government would also consider increasing supply, focusing onthe balance of supply and demand in the market, and accelerating the approval of private residentialdevelopment plans. There are about 30,000 private residential units currently in the approval processwith around 8,000 private residential units under construction.A public housing land reserve system is being established to reserve land for public housingand facilities in new urban areas, in order to secure the long-term development of public housingthrough the implementation of land policies. The tender invitation procedure for Area A of thefive reclamation areas has commenced. The reclamation project is expected to be completed in2015, providing a total area of 137.8 hectares, with part of the reclaimed land reserved for publichousing. The tender invitation procedure for the ​60-hectare Area E has also commenced. Fullytaking into account the “Macao property for Macao residents” policy, the Government will furtherstudy its definition, land supply, sale and purchase restrictions, and the laws required to support thepolicy. The Government will also study the establishment of a public housing development fundand strengthen the functioning of the Public Housing Affairs Committee.To care for people’s livelihood, taking account of its fiscal status, the Government will inject6,000 patacas to the Central Provident Fund account of every eligible Macao resident. At the sametime, each permanent resident will also receive 8,000 patacas, and each non-permanent residentwill receive 4,800 patacas, under the Wealth Partaking Scheme. The Old-age Allowance for eacheligible senior citizen is raised to 6,600 patacas, and the implementation period of the Short-termFood Assistance Programme is extended from six weeks to eight weeks. The Government alsodisburses an extra one-month full subsidy to families registered with the Social Welfare Bureau toreceive financial assistance, and will also continue to provide special subsidies and special livingallowances to the three categories of disadvantaged families, while gradually relaxing applicationcriteria for the social security net to include more disadvantaged families. The implementationof Positive Life Programme and the Community Employment Assistance Scheme will also becontinued.The Government continues to provide rent waivers for public housing tenants for one year;disburse temporary housing subsidies to eligible families on the public housing waiting list; and12

Administrative Priorities in 2013provide financial allowances to eligible low-income, full-time employees of up to 4,400 patacasper month.The Government is fulfilling its commitment to increase education resources by continuing toprovide textbook allowances. The amount will be raised from 1,900 patacas to 2,400 patacas perschool year for each primary and secondary student in Macao; and from 1,500 patacas to 2,000patacas per school year for each kindergarten pupil, to further alleviate the financial burden onparents of buying textbooks. The Government continues to provide a study allowance to eachMacao resident pursuing post-secondary or postgraduate studies at a local or overseas institution.The amount is also increased from 2,000 patacas to 3,000 patacas per academic year, in order tolessen the financial burden of buying books, reference materials and stationery.2013 marks the conclusion of the three-year Continuing Education Programme. The Governmentcontinues to provide a subsidy of up to 5,000 patacas to each local resident aged 15 or above whoparticipates in continuing education, and will conduct a comprehensive review of the implementationof the programme.The Government will raise the total amount of health care vouchers for each permanent residentfrom 500 patacas to 600 patacas and is once again offering an electricity fee subsidy of 200 patacasper month to each residential household.The Government is implementing the following tax cuts and waivers in 2013: a reduction inpersonal income tax for all Macao residents from 25-percent exemption to 30-percent exemptionwith the basic allowance set at 144,000 patacas; waivers of all business taxes, hawker licence fees,wet market stall rents, inspection and quarantine fees for live food, and stamp duty on life insurance,non–life insurance and bank service charges; waivers of signboard taxes for businesses; exemptionfrom tourism tax for restaurants; waiver of the first 3,500 patacas of real estate tax; maintainedincrease in profit tax allowance from 32,000 patacas to 200,000 patacas; waiver of stamp dutieson entrance passes and tickets for cultural and arts performances, exhibitions and entertainmentprogrammes; waiver of real estate stamp duty on the first three million patacas of a home’s value,for Macao permanent residents purchasing a residential property for the first time.The Government also offers a rebate of 60 percent of the personal income tax paid in 2012 byeach Macao resident, subject to a ceiling of 12,000 patacas, to ease the burden on middle-incomeearners. Eligible residents will receive their tax rebate in 2014.II. Establish Macao as a world tourism and leisure centre and promoteadequate diversification of the economyTaking into account external and local economic trends in 2013, we are cautiously optimistic aboutthe economic outlook for Macao in the coming year and expect it to maintain positive growth.The Government is continuing to take effective precautionary measures against economic andfinancial risks, and is prepared to tackle any capital volatility or overheating of the real estatemarket. The Government also closely monitors the liquidity and safety levels of its fiscal reserves,and is diversifying its investment portfolio according to the global financial situation to achievehigher returns.13

Administrative Priorities in 2013To complement the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan and the further implementation of theOutline Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta, Macao will participatein regional cooperation with a more forward-looking and pragmatic approach. With the gradualdevelopment of Macao into a world tourism and leisure centre and a commerce and trade serviceplatform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, the Government is sparing no effortto improve people’s livelihoods and promote regional synergies.In implementing Supplementary Protocol IX to the Mainland and Macao Closer EconomicPartnership Arrangement (CEPA), the Government actively encourages local enterprises to seizethe opportunities of accelerated liberalisation of service trade between the mainland and Macao tooptimally open up new markets.The Government will continue the implementation of the Framework Agreement on Cooperationbetween Guangdong and Macao and the strengthening of our participation in the development ofHengqin. It is working tirelessly to complete the overall planning of the Guangdong-Macao ChineseMedicine Industrial Park early next year, after which the construction of the major buildings willcommence to expedite the establishment of various projects in the park. To facilitate adequateeconomic diversification, the Government will assist qualified Macao investment projects toenter the park and will act to support effective participation by Macao’s SMEs. With the Nanshaintegrated business zone under CEPA as a key platform of Macao’s participation in the developmentof Nansha, the Government will expand the scope for the sustainable development of Macao byconstructing a cruise home port in Nanshan, putting forward a pilot scheme for the free entry andexit of pleasure boats, and developing the creative and cultural industries.In the light of the gradual implementation of the new Guangdong-Macao border-crossing project,the Government is considering several actions: implement new customs clearance arrangements,optimise the living conditions and business environment of the North District, and strive to improvethe environment of the Canal dos Patos. The current live food wholesale market will move to theMacao zone of the Zhuhai-Macao Crossborder Industrial Zone. The new wholesale market, whichwill officially open shortly, will be larger with an improved management model and regulatorymechanism to ensure the supply of live food to Macao.Macao will celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperationbetween China and Portuguese-speaking Countries in 2013, and will host the related ministerialconference. Through regional cooperation with Guangdong, Fujian, the Pan-Pearl River Delta(PPRD) and other regions of the mainland, Macao will leverage the advantage in its close relationswith Portuguese-speaking and Romance language-speaking countries, to bolster its function as aplatform for commercial and trade services. Furthermore, building on its close cooperation withHong Kong, Macao will spare no effort to promote the joint progress of Hong Kong and Macaoby enhancing the synergy of the established mechanisms of the Government and its close nongovernmentcontacts.In support of the implementation of the development blueprint, the Government’s populationpolicy will embrace its vision to enhance the capabilities of the populace, improve populationstructure, boost the overall strength of our human resources and promote quality of life, ultimatelyto achieve the sustainable development goal of Macao. The Policy Research Office has completeda public consultation on Macao’s population policy framework in order to carefully formulate a15

Macao Yearbook 2013population policy that meets the needs of Macao’s development.The Government is committed to conserving Macao’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage.The Cultural Heritage Protection Law has already been submitted to the Legislative Assemblyfor consideration. The Government is also stepping up education on cultural heritage and theconstruction of cultural facilities, to create an atmosphere rich in cultural elements, promote creativeactivities, nurture cultural talent and enrich the cultural life of Macao residents.Enhancing residents’ physical fitness is the core purpose of sport development. The Government isactively extending the scale of sports-for-all events based on the existing structure, and is intensifyingthe promotion of parent-child sports programmes as well as encouraging schools to incorporatephysical education as an essential part of teaching. Meanwhile, sports facility management and thenurturing of potential elite athletes will continue to be enhanced.The Food Safety Law has already been submitted to the Legislative Assembly for consideration,and the first phase of preparation work for the establishment of the Centre for Food Safety hasalso been completed. The Government will strengthen the monitoring and management of foodsafety, and will enhance contact and communication between Guangdong and Macao regardingfood safety matters.An efficient mass transit system, which helps shorten commuting time and release land resourcesfor public housing and greening areas, is the best solution to our transportation requirements. TheGovernment attaches great importance to its technology, quality and safety, and seriously andextensively solicits public opinion. Recognising that the new bus services still fall short of thecommuting needs of the public, the Government will emphasise the enhancement of traffic safety,bus service scheduling and quality, and will continue to improve road networks in various districtsin order to facilitate the development of transport in Macao.The new Taipa Ferry Terminal will soon be completed followed by a trial operation. It willofficially commence operations to serve the public in the first half of 2014 at the earliest. In regardto civil aviation, the Government will gradually implement the master plan for the development ofMacao International Airport based on the results of relevant studies, to provide more convenientexternal transport services to local residents and visitors.The Government spares no effort in addressing flooding risks, and will build rainwater pumpingstations in San Kio District, Baía do Norte of Fai Chi Kei and urban Taipa. Drainage systems willalso be improved to enhance flood discharge capacity.Based on the valuable views collected during the consultation on the Master Plan for Macao’sNew Districts, the Government will proceed with its planning for public housing, communityfacilities and greening step by step, with the aim of improving the overall quality of life for localresidents by increasing available urban living space.The protection of the environment is a global issue. In support of the target set by the centralgovernment for the reduction of carbon emissions, the Government will put forward legislationand propose environmentally conscious construction projects. It will also continue to perfect theoperation of the Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Fund, and further enhanceits functions by extending eligibility to schools. The Government will establish a funding schemefor the phasing out of highly polluting vehicles. The funding requirement is estimated at about16

Administrative Priorities in 2013400 million patacas. At the same time, a pilot electric bus scheme for selected routes in Taipa willbe introduced.The Government has also determined to establish a water recycling plant at the Coloane SewageTreatment Plant, and to explore new sources of recycled water. It also plans to further improve thefacilities of the Macao Peninsula Sewage Treatment Plant and the central collection point of theautomated solid waste collection system.At present, the overall law and order situation in Macao is relatively stable. In the face ofMacao’s development into a world tourism and leisure centre and the need for economic and socialdevelopment, the Government will further strengthen police human resources and technology, perfectits internal administration, foster police-community relations, and improve contingency plans, soas to prevent and combat crime and maintain civic cohesion and public order.The popularisation of science is the cornerstone of the enhancement of residents’ personalqualities and competitiveness. The Government will continue to foster the popularisation of scienceto enhance the scientific literacy of residents and nurture talent for the high-tech service industries.While strengthening the supervision of the security of telecommunication networks, theGovernment will also gradually open up the telecommunication market according to the actualsituation, and perfect the relevant regulatory mechanisms, and will review the Concession Contractof Terrestrial Pay TV Service of TV Cabo Macau, S.A.R.L.III. Strengthen the operational mechanisms of government and improvepublic administration efficiencyThe Government will implement the Amendment to Annex II of the Basic Law: Method for Formingthe Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region and the newly amendedLegislative Assembly Election Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, to ensure thefairness, impartiality and openness of Legislative Assembly elections.From past experience, desired policy outcomes are sometimes not fully achieved due to weakenforcement. To remedy this, it is necessary to undertake a root and branch review and actively seekimprovement. With the aim of systematically improving governance, the Government will establisha performance management system with major indicators to assess the performance of governmentdepartments, including the effectiveness of their execution, whether concrete and effective actionsare taken in response to specific policies, and whether policy objectives are achieved.The Government will apply these analyses to carefully and objectively assess and rationalise theoverlapping and mixed functions of various departments, and will adopt a scientific and pragmaticapproach to draw up plans to modify, restructure and streamline the organisational structure ofMacao’s public administration.On the 20th anniversary of the promulgation of the Basic Law, the Government will continueto promote it through various channels, with the emphasis on helping the public to learn aboutand understand it.The Government will make greater effort to strengthen the software and hardware of the judicialorganisations, improve the working conditions and remuneration of judicial officers, and will start17

Macao Yearbook 2013to amend the Macao SAR Judicial Organisation Framework Law.The Government will also continue to perfect the legal coordination mechanism, and step upthe implementation of major legislative plans. The three-year project to review and adapt existinglaws will conclude this year and will be announced in due course to allow the completion of thiswork, which is a significant advance in the history of the development of Macao’s legal system.The handling of personal data has become an important aspect of social and economic activityand of our daily lives. The Government will strengthen the protection of personal data and otherpersonality rights of local residents, in order to provide a favourable environment for the constructionof a stable and harmonious society under the rule of law.The Commission Against Corruption (CCAC) will step up supervision, effectively handlecomplaints made to the ombudsman, and continue to run public education and publicity programmesto promote integrity in society. The Commission of Audit (CA) will improve its human resourcesand workflow, extend the scope of electronic audits, and enhance the efficiency of major followupaudit projects.ConclusionThe development blueprint of Macao is gradually and steadily being implemented, leading theMacao SAR into a new stage of continuous development. In 2013, the Government will continueto prioritise the improvement of the people’s well being, and attaches great importance to andproactively addresses the concerns of the people. We are responsive to problems that arise inthe course of our development, and seek to resolve them appropriately. We are keen to raise theeffectiveness of our short-term policies for the benefit of the people, and work tirelessly towardsthe establishment of a long-term administrative mechanism. We will firmly uphold our values andat the same time broaden our horizons, with a view to building our beautiful home together withthe whole community of Macao.Holding fast to our administrative promises, we strive to responsibly pull together the wisdomand strength of the whole community of Macao. As we continuously seek self-improvement, wewill acknowledge each problem and difficulty along the way and raise governance levels. We musttogether apply ourselves to contemplation, and a steadfast contribution, in order to push forwardthe implementation of the great principle of “One country, two systems” hand in hand, and live outthe unique advantages and powerful vitality of Macao as a special administrative region.Chui Sai OnChief Executive of the Macao SAR18

CALENDAR OF EVENTSIN 2012

Calendar of Events in 2012Calendar of Events in 2012January1 The new Tobacco Control Law comes into effect. Most citizens and tourists recognise theyshould obey the law.3 Chief Executive Chui Sai On issues an Executive Order on the Principles and Criteria forRefusal to Authorise Former Chief Executives and Former Principal Officials to Engage inPrivate Business Activities after Leaving Office.4 The Government organises the first forum on constitutional development concerning theamendment to the methods for forming the Legislative Assembly in 2013 and selecting theChief Executive in 2014. The first phase of consultation, concluded on 31 January, receivesmore than 2,000 opinion submissions.Song Man Lei is sworn in as a judge of the Court of Final Appeal.8 Chief Executive Chui Sai On departs for Brussels. During his visit to the European Union,he meets with the EU President and visits the European Parliament to strengthen exchangesin various fields related to the implementation of future programmes.9 The Government announces that it will issue an additional 200 non-transferable taxi licences,valid for eight years.11 The Guangdong-Macao Strategic Development Group holds its inauguration ceremonyand first working meeting for concrete implementation of cooperation in the consultativemechanism under the Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Framework Agreement.12 The two note-issuing banks in Macao, Bank of China and Banco Nacional Ultramarino,each issue 10 million Zodiac Dragon banknotes with a face value of 10 patacas, for theYear of the Dragon. They are extremely well received.16 The Government announces a doubling of the issue of the 10-pataca Zodiac Dragon banknotesand gets ready to make further adjustments at any time according to the actual situation.17 The Government issues two more fixed telecommunications network licences and puts themup for public tender. At the deadline of 27 March, only one tender is received.19 Edf. do Lago, the first Home-Ownership Scheme housing project in Taipa wholly fundedby the Government, commences presales.26 The Civil Service Pay Council is established to study and set basic principles, standardsand procedures regarding adjustments of civil service salaries.21

Macao Yearbook 2013February4 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Guangdong Governor Zhu Xiaodan and principalofficials to exchange opinions on accelerating the progress of cooperation betweenGuangdong and Macao.6 A serious failure occurs in CTM’s telecom network affecting about 50 percent of mobilephone users in Macao.8 Chief Executive Chui Sai On submits a report to the Standing Committee of the NationalPeople’s Congress indicating that it is necessary to make appropriate amendments to themethod for the formation of the Legislative Assembly in 2013 and the selection of the ChiefExecutive in 2014, according to the actual situation of the Macao SAR under the frameworkof the Basic Law. This is the first step in the five-step process of Macao’s constitutionaldevelopment.10 The Government holds the 2011 Decorations, Medals and Certificates of Merit AwardsCeremony. On behalf of the Macao SAR Government, Chief Executive Chui Sai On presentsmedals, awards and/or certificates to 35 individuals and three groups and organisations.13 Chief Executive Chui Sai On is invited to attend the first China Beijing International Fairfor Trade in Services and meets with Beijing mayor Guo Jinlong.14 The National Science and Technology Award Conference is held in Beijing. A researchproject in Macao wins a second class award under the category of State Scientific andTechnological Progress Award. This is the first time for Macao to receive such an honoursince its reunification with the motherland.21 The groundbreaking ceremony of the urban Taipa section of the Macao LRT is held, markingthe official commencement of the construction project of this section of the LRT system.22 Chief Executive Chui Sai On inspects construction progress at the new campus of theUniversity of Macau on Hengqin Island.24 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Mozambique’s Finance Minister Manuel Changand ministerial-level officials, on a visit to Macao,.27 The Statistics and Census Service estimated Macao’s population at 557,000 as at 31December 2011, an increase of 16,800 (+3.1 percent) compared with the adjusted numberof 540,000 in 2010.29 The 25th session of the 11th Standing Committee of the National People’s Congressapproves the decision of the Standing Committee of National People’s Congressconcerning the methods for forming Macao’s Legislative Assembly in 2013 and selectingits Chief Executive in 2014, and thus completes the second step of the five-step processof Macao’s constitutional development.The Bill on Amending the Legal System of Copyright and Related Rights and Bill on22

Calendar of Events in 2012the Framework for Private School Teaching Staff pass their second readings in the plenarysession of the Legislative Assembly.March1 The by-law on the Standard Limits of Exhaust Emissions for Imported New Vehicles comesinto effect, requiring exhaust emissions of imported new cars to comply with the relevantstandards of one of the following places: mainland China, the European Union, the UnitedStates or Japan.Deputy Secretary-General of the Standing Committee of National People’s CongressQiao Xiaoyang, Deputy Director of the Legislative Affairs Commission Li Fei, and DeputyDirector of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council Zhang Xiaomingvisit Macao to talk with representatives from various sectors. They explain to the attendantsthe Standing Committee’s decision on allowing appropriate amendments to the methodsof selecting the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Assembly, and listen toparticipants’ views on Macao’s constitutional development.4 Vice-President and member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee Xi Jinping meetswith Hong Kong and Macao members of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conferenceand raised three requirements – to accurately grasp the current domestic and internationaleconomic trend to continuously strengthen the international competitiveness of Hong Kongand Macao; deepen mutually beneficial cooperation among mainland China, Hong Kongand Macao to achieve synergies and cooperative development; and actively promote socialcohesion regarding the macroeconomic situation and rational communication to maintainsocial harmony and stability in Hong Kong and Macao.Chief Executive Chui Sai On departs for Beijing to attend the opening ceremony of theFifth session of the 11th National People’s Congress.5 Premier Wen Jiabao delivers his government work report and stresses that the CentralPeople’s Government will continue to support Macao’s economic development to improvepeople’s livelihoods and promote democracy, to participate in international and regionaleconomic cooperation, to build a world-class tourism and leisure centre, and to develop adiverse economy.Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Secretary of the CPC Guangdong ProvincialCommittee, Wang Yang, to discuss the feasibility of opening an additional border crossingbetween Guangdong and Macao and extending the operating hours of the Border Gate andGongbei checkpoints.8 Chief Executive Chui Sai On pays a courtesy call on Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi. Yangrecognises Macao’s achievements in social and economic development, and states that thecentral government will continue to support Macao to participate in work related to regionaland international economic forums.23

Macao Yearbook 201310 A new round of consultation on constitutional development starts and will end on 23April, spanning a period of 45 days. During the period, 10 consultation sessions will beheld to gather public views on Macao’s constitutional development.14 The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the Bill on Adjustment on Salaries,Pensions and Gratuities of Public Servants. Each point on the civil service salary scale willbe raised by four patacas to 66 patacas, an increase of 6.45 percent.The National People’s Congress passes the draft law on the method of electing representativesfrom the Macao SAR for the 12th National People’s Congress. The number of representativesfrom Macao and the election method remain unchanged.19 The Government promulgates the Law Governing Video Surveillance in Public Places,which comes into effect on 19 April.22 The Executive Council announces the draft of the by-law on the Amendment to the SMEAssistance Scheme, which will raise the maximum limit of a support loan from 500,000patacas to 600,000 patacas.23 The Dynamic Macao Business and Trade Fair opens in Hefei, Anhui province. This eventaims to promote Macao’s business and tourism environment, showcase Macao’s brandedproducts and services, and enhance mainland people’s knowledge and understanding ofMacao.26 The Government promulgates the by-law on the Reservation of Land for Use by the People’sLiberation Army Macao Garrison. A piece of land of 18,858 square metres located at theeast of PLA’s Taipa barracks is designated as a military site.27 The Government injects 50 million US dollars into the Cooperation and DevelopmentFund between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries. The initial plan is for the fund toregister in the Cayman Islands and seek a capital injection in 2012.28 The Government issues the Interim Report of Macao’s deliberative polling: “Amendmentof the Press Law and Broadcasting Law”.Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Minister Jiang Zengwei of the Ministryof Commerce to exchange views on the promotion and establishment of a trading andcommercial cooperation service platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries.29 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang,Vice-President of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and exchanges viewson promoting environmental protection and the development of the green sector.The 2012 Macao International Environmental Cooperation Forum and Exhibition opens.April1 Chief Executive Chui Sai On attends the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2012 in24

Calendar of Events in 2012Hainan province.2 The Government’s interdepartmental task force takes action to recover a 3,800-square-metreplot of land near Hac Sa Village, Coloane. Together with adjacent plots of land recoveredin the past three years, a single ​25,600-square-metre lot can be created.4 Gongbei Customs seizes the largest ever haul of smuggled photographic equipment inChina, with a market value of over 400 million yuan. The case involves at least one Macaoresident.12 Chief Executive Chui Sai On leads a government delegation to Guangzhou and Jiangmento attend the “Macao Week” event held in the two cities, a major tourism promotionalprogramme launched in Guangdong province.The Executive Council concludes the discussion of the draft of the by-law on the WealthPartaking Scheme for 2012. The Government, starting from 24 April, distributes to morethan 542,000 permanent residents and 70,000 non-permanent residents a total of over4.12 billion patacas.Guangdong and Macao sign a collaborative communication agreement on the supplyof water from Zhuhai to Macao.16 The third phase of trials in the corruption cases involving former Secretary for Transportand Public Works Ao Man Long begins in the Court of Final Appeal.19 The Marine and Water Bureau approves three new maritime passenger transport routesutilising the temporary Taipa Ferry Terminal.20 The Government and the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the MSARjointly hold a press briefing. Director of the liaison office Bai Zhijian, Deputy Secretary-General of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee and Director of theCommittee for the Basic Law of the Macao SAR and the Hong Kong SAR Qiao Xiaoyangpresent their reports at the conference. The conference is attended by Chief Executive ChuiSai On and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative ConferenceEdmund Ho Hau Wah.Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with a delegation led by Hebei Provincial PartyCommittee Secretary and Director of the Standing Committee of Hebei ProvincialPeople’s Congress Zhang Qingli to discuss further strengthening of exchanges andcooperation.To combat petty smuggling and facilitate smooth cross-border movement of travellers,dedicated immigration counters are provided at the Gongbei, Hengqin and Wanzai bordercheckpoints to handle travellers who cross the border more than once a day and strictlyimplement inspection of their hand-carry luggage.22 The open call for tenders for the batch of 200 new eight-year taxi licences concludes.More than 2,000 tenders are received. The successful bidding prices range from about830,000 patacas to over 1.1 million patacas.25

Macao Yearbook 201326 Chief Executive Chui Sai On attends a question-and-answer session at the LegislativeAssembly to respond to members’ concerns about the government’s administration andsocial issues. The Chief Executive says that the Government plans to inject 10 billionpatacas into the Social Security Fund in the next two years to ensure its sustainableoperation.30 A Buddha’s parietal-bone relic worshipping ceremony is held in Macao.May2 The Executive Council concludes the discussion of the Basic Law Annex I “Amendmentto the Methods of Selecting the Chief Executive of the Macao SAR (Draft)” and AnnexII “Amendment to the Methods of Forming the Legislative Assembly of the Macao SAR(Draft)”, and submits the bills to the Legislative Assembly for deliberation.3 The Government starts a 60-day public consultation on its Public Housing DevelopmentStrategy (2011-2020).6 The Authority of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the Civil Engineering Laboratoryof Macao sign a contract for the concrete certification of the island and tunnel of themain part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. The laboratory is commissionedto test and certify that the concrete used for the main part of the Bridge meets strengthand durability requirements.8 The Legialtive Assembly passes the first reading of the Basic Law Annex I “Amendmentto the Methods of Selecting the Chief Executive of the Macao SAR (Draft)”, and passesthe first reading of Annex II “Amendment to the Methods of Forming the LegislativeAssembly of the Macao SAR (Draft)” the following day.10 The Bill on Additional Remuneration for Public Security Forces and Services (so-calleddangerous duty allowance) and the Food Safety Law pass their first readings in the plenarysession of the Legislative Assembly.11 Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture Cheong U visits Taipei and pays a courtesy callon Lai Shin-Yuan, Director of Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council.13 The Government officially opens its Taipei Economic and Cultural Office.14 CTM’s 3G mobile phone network fails again. Services in numerous districts on theMacao peninsula are interrupted.15 At the 2012 Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Joint Conference, Guangdong and Macao signfive agreements: Implementation of the major tasks in 2012 under the Framework Agreementon Cooperation Between Guangdong and Macao, Guangdong-Macao New Cross-borderRoute Cooperation Framework Agreement, Leasing Contract of Land Use Right for StateownedInfrastructure, Guangdong-Macao Standard Work Task Force Cooperation Agreement26

Calendar of Events in 2012and Memorandum on Guangdong-Macao Tourism Cooperation.17 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets Li Zhaoxing, Honorary Chairman of the ChinesePeople’s Institute of Foreign Affairs (CPIFA), Chairman of the NPC Foreign AffairsCommittee and former Minister of Foreign Affairs, to exchange views on the currentinternational situation.19 The LRT community liaison station in Taipa officially commences operation. The liaisonstation immediately begins to receive and process public opinion on the LRT project.21 The Seac Pai Van Lot CN3 Home-Ownership Scheme Housing Project is named Koi NgaBuilding, which provides 1,824 residential units. The Housing Bureau launches the presalefrom 11 June 2012, at an average selling price of 1,137 patacas per square foot.22 The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences releases its China Urban Competitiveness BlueBook 2012 with Macao ranked 13th among 294 cities.23 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Chinese Estates Group Joseph Lau is indictedby Macao’s Public Prosecution Office for bribery and money laundering. The case istransferred to the Court of First Instance for trial.24 The Government announces the planning of the first public housing project of its “post-19,000 units” public housing programme. Located at Lot 1 and 2 of Bairro da Ilha Verde,the project will provide more than 2,300 residential units.The Transport Bureau imposes a fine of 50,000 patacas on Reolian Public TransportCompany Limited for service delays. This is the first penalty case since the implementationof the new bus service model.26 Chief Executive Chui Sai On leads a government delegation to Beijing and Sichuan for thefirst China (Beijing) International Service Trade Fair, and the project completion ceremonyof the Aoyuan Sports Centre held in Guangyuan, Sichuan.27 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Minister of Commerce Chen Deming to exchangeviews on the development of the exhibition industry, supplies of material to Macao and therole of Macao as a service platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries.28 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Secretary of the CPC Sichuan Provincial Committeeand Director of the Standing Committee of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Congress LiuQibao. Through post-disaster reconstruction projects in Sichuan, it is hoped that both partieswould establish a strong communication mechanism and platform for more extensivecooperation in the future.29 The Government launches guidelines on anti-theft and safety facilities for buildings butstresses that the guidelines do not imply that the Government will “legalise” unlawfulstructures and will not tolerate illegal structures.31 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Chairman of the Chinese People’s PoliticalConsultative Conference Li Jinhua to exchange views on promoting the development ofculture and the arts in Macao and giving full play to the cultural characteristics of Macao.27

Macao Yearbook 2013The verdict in the third phase of the corruption trials of Ao Man Long is pronounced by theCourt of Final Appeal. He is found guilty on all nine charges. Ao Man Long is sentenced toa single term of 29 years of imprisonment, a fine, and the confiscation of all his unlawfullygained properties.The Bill on the Legal System of Commitment to Title Transfer of Buildings UnderConstruction (that is, the bill on the system regarding transactions relating to off-planproperties) passes its first reading in the plenary session of the Legislative Assembly.June1 To comply with the Bill on Amending the Legal System of Copyright and Related Rights,six public antenna companies stop transmitting more than a dozen satellite TV channelswith immediate effect.4 The Government announces that among a total of 19,260 public housing flats, there are10,064 public housing units and 9,196 Home-Ownership Scheme housing units, proportionsof 52.25 percent and 47.75 percent respectively.5 The resolutions on the “Amendment to the Methods of Selecting the Chief Executive ofthe Macao SAR (Draft)” and “Amendment to the Methods of Forming the LegislativeAssembly of the Macao SAR (Draft) pass their second reading in the plenary session ofthe Legislative Assembly, thus concluding the third step of the five-step process of Macao’sconstitutional development.6 Chief Executive Chui Sai On signs his assent to the two draft amendment bills, and formallysubmits them to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for approvalor filing, thus concluding the fourth step of the five-step process of Macao’s constitutionaldevelopment.8 Macao and Hong Kong customs smash a copyright infringing video website that has beenactive in Asia for almost 10 years. The website is found to have been operated and managedin Macao via servers in Hong Kong. This is the first case successfully resolved since theAmendment to the Legal System of Copyright and Related Rights law came into effectearlier in June.9 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Dr José Cesário, Portuguese Secretary of Statefor Portuguese Communities.11 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Chairman of the Chinese People’s PoliticalConsultative Conference Li Wuwei to exchange views on optimising Macao’s advantages,promoting the development of cultural and creative industries, in order to promote areasonable degree of economic diversity.12 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with John Tsang, Financial Secretary of the Hong KongSAR, to exchange views on promoting further cooperation between the cities.28

Calendar of Events in 2012The Fifth Hong Kong Macao Co-operation High Level Meeting is held in Macao. Bothparties believe that the existing cooperation and communication mechanisms are effectiveand both agree to continue to actively promote and deepen cooperation in various fields torealise complementary advantages and common development.13 The LRT holds a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the LRT Cotai Sectionand Taipa Terminal Section, setting in motion the construction of all LRT projects forthe Taipa Section.16 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Secretary of the CPC Guangdong ProvincialCommittee, Wang Yang. They review the interim results of Guangdong-Macao cooperation.Both parties agree to interact even more closely in the future and work together to promotemore extensive and in-depth cooperation between Guangdong and Macao, and developinnovative forms of cooperation to achieve mutual benefits and common goals.17 The Government holds a briefing to introduce the details of the study of the redevelopmentplan of the west side of Rua dos Navegantes in the old town of Coloane.19 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Sergey S. Razov, Russian Ambassador in China,to discuss the promotion of tourism, bilateral trade, cultural exchange and educationcooperation.The results of the second phase of public consultation on the Master Plan for Macao’s NewDistricts are announced. After consolidation and analysis of 232 opinion submissions,the task force proposes to preserve the existing Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal. The newreclamation area will not reserve land for the construction of a ferry terminal.21 The Commission of Audit releases a value-for-money audit report on the disbursement ofsponsorships by the Macao Foundation to local organisations. The report points out thatthe foundation does not fully comply with internal regulations on funding approval, andthat the regulatory risks would increase if investigation and auditing of the organisations’accounts are only limited to review and brief analysis of the written accounts submitted bythe organisations.Chief Executive Chui Sai On inspects the construction site of the new Taipa Ferry Terminalto learn about the progress of the expansion project of the main terminal building.22 The Bill on the Amendment to the Criminal Procedural Code passes its first reading in theplenary session of the Legislative Assembly.The Bill on Additional Remuneration for Public Security Forces and Services passes itssecond reading in the plenary session of the Legislative Assembly.The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft of the by-law on Adjustmentof Additional Remuneration for Criminal Investigative Officers of the Judicial Police.25 Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao jointly publish the Regional Cooperation Plan onBuilding a Quality Living Area. The publication points out that the three parties shouldfurther strengthen cooperation to develop more convenient and integrated cross-border29

Macao Yearbook 2013transport services, and move towards gradually achieving urban integration of traffic flowsbetween Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and adjacent regions.26 The General Administration of Customs announces its opinion on supporting the openingand development of the Hengqin New Area, establishing the framework for the opendevelopment of Hengqin Island. The new area will implement a border management modelthat has“first-line” and “second-line” control points, to allow Hong Kong and Macao citizensto conveniently work, live and travel in Hengqin.29 The Government announces that it has received applications for bus fare adjustment fromthree bus service companies and that it has approved these in accordance with the contractprovisions. The calculations and analysis of consolidated data show that the averageincrement in unit prices of various services is about 23 percent.30 The 27th session of the 11th Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passesby majority vote the draft bill on the Amendment to the Methods for Selecting the ChiefExecutive of Macao submitted by Chief Executive Chui Sai On for approval, and passes byunanimous vote the draft bill on the Amendment to the Methods for Forming the LegislativeAssembly submitted for filing.President Hu Jintao meets with Chief Executive Chui Sai On. Hu appreciates the presentsituation of Macao and the performance of the Macao SAR government, and expects theSAR government to work even better in all aspects, in particular to attach high importanceto people’s livelihoods and to achieve further progress in various areas.July1 The Government raises the minimum subsistence index by five percent. The amount forsingle-occupier households is increased to more than 3,300 patacas, while a series ofallowances and subsidies relating to the minimum subsistence index will also be raisedaccordingly.Hong Kong North West Express Limited suddenly announces suspension of all servicesbetween Tuen Mun and Macao due to a mechanical failure in its passenger vessels. TheMaritime Administration opens an investigation of the case.2 The Mainland and Macao sign the ninth supplementary protocol of the Mainland Chinaand Macao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), which comes into effecton 1 January 2013.Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Minister Jiang Yaoping of the Ministry ofCommerce to exchange views on further implementation of CEPA, facilitating Macao’sintegration into regional cooperation initiatives, and the realisation of complementaryadvantages and mutual benefits.3 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Cui Tiankai to30

Calendar of Events in 2012exchange views on the further development of Macao’s foreign relations and continuedexchanges regarding various aspects of cooperation with Portuguese-speaking countries.4 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Governor of Fujian Province Su Shulin, to exchangeviews on deepening cooperation at all levels.Deputy Commissioner of the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairsof the People’s Republic of China in the Macao SAR Feng Tie assumes office.5 Chief Executive Chui Sai On issues an Executive Order to promulgate the decision of theStanding Committee of the National People’s Congress to pass the bill on the amendmentto Annex I of the Macao Basic Law – the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive, andthe circular of putting on record the bill on the Amendment to Annex II of the Macao BasicLaw – the Methods for Forming the Legislative Assembly. The two amendment bills areapproved by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and come intoeffect upon the date of promulgation.6 The Government announces the second “post-19,000 units” public housing project – TaipaNortheast Road Public Housing Estate, which will provide about 694 residential unitsupon completion.7 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with the delegation led by Portuguese Minister of Stateand Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr Paulo Sacadura Cabral Portas to discuss strengtheningand deepening cooperation between Portugal and Macao. The two parties exchange viewson the role played by Macao in the development of relations between China and Portugal,and as a service platform for business cooperation between China and Portuguese-speakingcountries.9 The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft laws of the amendment to theChief Executive Electoral Law and Legislative Assembly Electoral Law and will submitthem to the Legislative Assembly for deliberation.10 Registration for committee members for the election of Macao representatives for the 12thNational People’s Congress begins. About 50 eligible persons complete their registrationeither in person or by representatives to become electoral committee members.11 The Government suspends the administrative process regarding the adjustment of bus faresand asks the three bus companies to improve their services. Only when they have met therelated requirements will the administrative process resume.The Government implements the new Law Governing Video Surveillance in Public Places.The Secretary for Security approves the installation of over 1,350 surveillance cameras atall cross-border checkpoints, the Lotus Square, the Guia Lighthouse, and the offices ofPublic Security Police, Judicial Police and Macao Customs.12 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Governor of Yunnan Province Li Jiheng to discussdeepening cooperation at all levels and improving the functioning of Macao’s role as acommercial and trading platform for Portuguese-speaking countries.31

Macao Yearbook 201313 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Minister and International Trade Representativeof the Ministry of Commerce Gao Hucheng. The two parties exchange views on theimplementation of liberalisation of trade in services and the promotion of continuousdevelopment of the local conference and exhibition industry.16 Chief Executive Chui Sai On visits Beijing to meet with Minister of Public Security MengJianzhu, Minister of General Administration of Customs Yu Guangzhou and Minister ofGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ZhiShuping to exchange views with relevant central ministries on the establishment of the newGuangdong-Macao cross-border checkpoints.Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Minister Zhong Shan of the Ministry ofCommerce to discuss how to ensure the supply and safety of agricultural products frommainland China to Macao and the exploration of more extensive resources to supportmoderate diversification of Macao’s economy.The Bill on the Amendment to Chief Executive Electoral Law and the Bill on the Amendmentto Legislative Assembly Electoral Law pass their first readings in the plenary session of theLegislative Assembly.19 About 30 metres of support structures of the Hengqin section of the riverbed tunnel at thenew campus of the University of Macau collapses. No casualties are reported in this incident.23 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Cape Verde Prime Minister José Maria PereiraNeves and his delegation.The Government adjusts the Old-age Allowance to 6,000 patacas per year.24 Typhoon Vicente hits Macao and the typhoon signal number 9 is hoisted. The typhoon blowsfor more than 10 hours and causes various levels of damage at locations all over the Macaopeninsula and Taipa and Coloane islands.26 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Chairman of the Guangzhou Political ConsultativeConference Su Zhijia.Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Minister of Culture and Director of StateAdministration of Cultural Heritage Li Xiaojie to exchange views on the relationship betweenurban development and heritage protection.27 The Government signs a 25-year public franchise contract for natural gas distribution withNam Kwong Natural Gas Company Limited. Nam Kwong is required to complete a naturalgas trunk network covering all areas of Macao in three phases within five years.30 The Commission of Audit (CA) announces its special audit report on the PreparatoryCommittee for the Participation of Macao in the Shanghai World Expo, in which the CAreveals that there is room for improvement in the financial management of the preparationcommittee for not using a scientific method to estimate at the beginning of the project theexpenses needed for Macao’s participation in the World Expo.The boundary coordinates of the Hengqin campus of the University of Macau are confirmed.32

Calendar of Events in 2012The Macao SAR Gazette publishes the State Council’s approval of the area of the newHengqin campus of the University of Macau.31 The construction of the Zhuhai link road for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridgecommences. With a total length of 13.4 kilometres, the cost of the project is estimated at9.15 billion yuan. This link road is expected to be completed in 2016 simultaneously withthe completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.August1 The central recruitment system holds its first examination to recruit 128 technical supportstaff to be deployed to 30 government departments.Vice Chairman of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Edmund Ho HauWah leads a Macao CPPCC delegation to Xinjiang for a seven-day visit.6 The bill on the Conditions of Entering, Staying and Gaming in Casinos passes its secondreading in the plenary session of the Legislative Assembly. The regulations take effect on1 November prohibiting persons under 21 years old from entering, gaming or working incasinos.7 The first phase of the Taipa transport hub project breaks ground. At a construction cost of900 million patacas, the hub is expected to be completed in 2014.8 Chief Executive Chui Sai On visits Jiangmen in Guangdong to attend the cornerstone-layingceremony for the theme project “Promoting cooperation in the modern service industrybetween Guangdong and Macao to develop China’s green lighting city”.9 The Government makes disclosures to the Committee to Review the Public Financial Affairsof the Legislative Assembly that the current total fiscal reserve and foreign exchange reserveis 290 billion patacas.10 Chief Executive Chui Sai On announces several relief measures at a question-and-answersession at the Legislative Assembly. To ensure the normal operation of the Social SecurityFund, the Government plans to inject, year by year, a total of 37 billion patacas into thefund from 2013 to 2016.11 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with the delegation led by Chang Rongjun, ExecutiveVice Chairman of China Soong Ching Ling Foundation, to exchange views on long-termcooperation supporting China to improve the livelihoods and education of people in poorregions.15 The Government publishes in the Macao SAR Gazette an announcement that the landgrant contract of five plots of land on Wai Long Avenue and Estrada da Ponta da Cabrita ofTaipa, which was approved in 2006, is invalid as the transfer of land rights involves illegalactivities.33

Macao Yearbook 201316 Guangdong and Macao police conclude their one-month “Thunderbolt 12”, in which Macaopolice smash two cross-border theft gangs and two rings of con men, involving a totalamount of more than 100 million patacas.19 The special lane for motorcycles at the Sai Van Bridge officially opens.21 The Home-Ownership Scheme housing flats at Edifício Ip Heng in Seac Pai Van go on salefor the first day. The Housing Bureau arranges for 61 families to choose their three-bedroomapartments. However, less than 30 percent of the families show up to choose their flats,while the others abandon their right.26 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with China’s delegation of gold medalists in the LondonOlympic Games led by the State Administration of Sport, Liu Peng, and congratulates themon their success.29 The bill on the Amendment to Law No. 3/2004 (Chief Executive Electoral Law) and thebill on the Amendment to Law No. 3/2001 (Legislative Assembly Electoral Law) pass theirsecond reading in the plenary session of the Legislative Assembly, marking the completionof the five-step amendment process of the methods for selecting the Chief Executive andthe methods for forming the Legislative Assembly.30 The bill on Central Provident Fund Individual Accounts and the bill on the General Systemfor Legal Aid pass their second readings in the plenary session of the Legislative Assembly.31 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with the visiting delegation that organised “China’s FirstManned Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking Exhibition” in Macao. They exchange viewson how to strengthen young students’ knowledge of aerospace technology and enhance theirunderstanding of China’s aerospace development.The deliberative polling work for collecting opinions from the public and the media on theamendment to the Press Law and the Broadcasting Law is completed.September1 The Government sets up the Protocol, Public Relations and External Affairs Office to handleprotocol matters and consulate affairs not related to foreign policy.5 The Government announces the commencement of administrative procedures to invalidatethe land grant of eight plots of land following the invalidation of five plots of land oppositeto the airport.6 The Commission Against Corruption (CCAC) publishes its investigation report on thecomplaints about the LRT route passing through Rua de Londres and Rua do Porto. It statesthat the handling methods and procedures of the Transportation Infrastructure Office forapproving and decision making on the design of the LRT are inappropriate.The Commission of Audit releases its audit report on the second phase of the LRTconstruction. It states that the estimated construction cost of 11 billion patacas announced34

Calendar of Events in 2012in 2012 is already over budget.The Government receives an application from Northwest Express Limited to terminate itsregular maritime passenger transportation services licence. Next day, the company officiallyannounces termination of services, after operating the ferry service for less than a year anda half.7 The Environmental Protection Bureau releases the final version of Macao’s EnvironmentalProtection Conceptual Planning (2010-2020).The Macao and Taiwan Relations Forum 2012 opens in Taipei. Focusing on tourism,cultural and creative education and economics and trade, the forum helps further developthe relationship between Macao and Taiwan and leverages Macao’s role as a bridge betweenthe mainland and Taiwan.8 Chief Executive Chui Sai On sends a letter to the Central People’s Government indicatingthat the Macao SAR will provide full support in the disaster relief work for the Yunnanearthquake.9 The “Global Tourism Economy Forum – Macao 2012”, the first such event, opens in Macao.At the event, Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Vice Chairman of the ChinesePeople’s Political Consultative Conference (CCPCC) and President of All-China Federationof Industry and Commerce Huang Mengfu, Governor of Gansu Province Liu Weiping,Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization Taleb Rifai, ViceChairman of the CCPCC Ablet Abdurishit, Thailand Deputy Prime Minister and Ministerof Tourism of Thailand Chumpol Silpa-archa and Portuguese Minister of Economy andEmployment Álvaro Santos Pereira.10 The Chief Executive, Mr Chui Sai On, met today with the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations Conference on Sustainable Development, Mr Sha Zukang, and the Chairman ofNational Tourism Administration, Mr Shao Qi Wei, who are in Macao taking part in theGlobal Tourism Economy Forum.17 The case involving Hong Kong businessmen Joseph Lau and Steven Lo who are accusedof bribing Ao Man Long is scheduled to go on trial today. However, as the Chairperson ofCollegial Panel Alice Leonor das Neves Costa is not feeling well, the court announces thepostponement of the trial to 7 January 2013.The Government signs with the Chinese Academy of Governance the Memorandumof Understanding on Cooperation between the Macao Special Administrative RegionGovernment and the Chinese Academy of Governance to strengthen and expand the existinggood cooperative relations and further deepen bilateral cooperation and exchanges.19 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Hong Kong SAR Chief Secretary for AdministrationCarrie Lam to exchange views on strengthening the Macao-Hong Kong relationship andcooperation in tourism.The Government Information Bureau decides to give legislative priority to the amendmentto the Press Law based on the principle of “limited to deletion only”, that is to delete35

Macao Yearbook 2013controversial provisions of the Press Council and Code of Practice for Journalists, whilesuspending the amendment to the Broadcasting Law.21 The Ministry of Commerce and the Macao Government signs an agreement to strengthencooperation within the conference and exhibition industry. it provides for policy support,the nurturing of brand exhibitions in Macao, promoting coordinated development of theconference and exhibition industry in Macao and Hengqin, and establishing a cooperativeworking group of the conference and exhibition industry to coordinate and manage mainlandexhibitors participating in Macao events.24 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Secretary of the CPC Zhuhai Committee Li Jiato review and share views on the joint development between Macao and Zhuhai and thedevelopment of Hengqin Island.25 The Government’s interdepartmental task force recovers two adjoining plots of land locatedbetween Rua de Choi Long and Beco da Sorte of a total area of about 3,000 square metres.The lot is now reserved for construction of “post-19,000 units” public housing.The Government injects 6,000 patacas into the individual central savings accounts of eacheligible resident.26 Chief Executive Chui Sai On leads a government delegation to Beijing to attend the firstBeijing-Macao Economic and Trade Exchange Fair.The Executive Council concludes the draft by-law on the “Deposit Protection Fund” andthe “Limit of Compensation of the Deposit Protection Scheme”.The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft bill of the by-law on Extensionof the Period of Temporary Subsidies for Families on the Waiting List for Public Housing,which extends the implementation period of the scheme for one year, until 31 August 2013,and adjusts the subsidy amount and lowers the income limits appropriately.27 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Secretary of the CPC Beijing Municipal CommitteeGuo Jinlong and Deputy Secretary and Acting Mayor of Beijing Wang Anshun. The twoparties agree to strengthen cooperation in economics and trade, culture and other fields,with particular commitment to a joint effort by Beijing and Macao to the promotion of tradewith Portuguese-speaking countries.29 Macao records 11 confirmed local dengue fever cases in total. The Government launchesthe third-level contingency plan (epidemic) against dengue fever. The main tasks includeexpanding the scope of mosquito elimination and stepping up publicity to mobilise thepublic to join hands in eliminating mosquito breeding sources.October1 The Government holds a series of activities to celebrate the 63rd anniversary of the foundingof the People’s Republic of China.36

Calendar of Events in 20128 Gongbei Customs cracks a smuggling case involving a gang of frequent travellers smugglinglaptop computers across the border. Two of the group are Macao residents and the total suminvolved is 140 million yuan.10 A main structural pile of Sin Fong Garden Carpark in Patane suddenly cracks causingdamage to corridors on the upper floors. The Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureauverifies that the building poses a risk and immediately seals off the building. About 200residents are affected.11 Chief Executive Chui Sai On calls an interdepartmental meeting and pays a visit to SinFong Garden emphasising that the safety of residents is of first priority. Another meeting isheld on 15 October to review the follow up work, and to further assess possible scenariosand derive a comprehensive plan for contingency action.12 The Government announces eight new policies to raise the cost of real estate speculationin order to lower the potential impact of an asset bubble.15 The Law of Central Provident Fund Individual Accounts comes into effect.16 The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft bill of Amendment to Law No.6/2011 “Special Stamp Duty on Transfer of Immovable Property for Residential Purposes”and “Stamp Duty Regulations”.The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft bill of Amendment to Law No.21/2009 “Law of Employment of Non-resident Workers”.17 A system failure occurs in the HGC (Macao) mobile telephone network. The service isdisrupted for nearly seven hours affecting about 30,000 users.18 The 17th Macao International Trade and Investment Fair opens with over 1,800 exhibitionbooths, an increase of nine percent over the previous year.The Real Estate Agency Law passes its second reading in the plenary session of theLegislative Assembly, and the Cultural Heritage Protection Law passes its first reading inthe same session.20 The Ninth World Summit of Chinese Entrepreneurs opens.The event is attended by 1,700representatives from Chinese enterprises visiting Macao to explore soft power applicationand competition around the world.22 Block Three of Edifício Koi Fu Garden is classified as a dangerous building by the Lands,Public Works and Transport Bureau and is required to be demolished within the specifiedtime limit.24 The bill on the Amendment to Law No. 6/2011 “Special Stamp Duty on Transfer ofImmovable Property for Residential Purposes” and “Stamp Duty Regulations” pass theirfirst and second readings under the emergency procedures of the Legislative Assembly.25 Zhuhai and Macao reach consensus on the unified arrangement to extend the opening hoursfor cross-border tourist and cargo customs clearance at Hengqin checkpoint.26 The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (IACM) announces the results of public consultation37

Macao Yearbook 2013on the Sai Van Lake Square Integrated Tourism Project, and designs a new plan in responseto comments made by advisory bodies and the general public as well as the results of theenvironmental impact assessment. Public opinion is divided over the new plan, and theGovernment decides to extend the consultation period and continue to listen to the voicesof the public.30 The by-law on Regulations on the Requirements in the Smoking Areas of Casinos takeseffect.November1 The Law on Conditions for Entering, Working and Gaming in casinos comes into effect.Persons under 21 years old are prohibited from entering casinos.The Government announces a consultation paper on the Population Policy Framework ofthe Macao SAR. The public consultation period starts from 3 November and will last threemonths.5 The Commission of Audit publishes a value-for-money audit report on the ContinuingEducation Development Plan. It states that the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau isdeficient, to varying degrees, in execution, management and supervision.6 Chief Executive Chui Sai On has a courtesy meeting with President of Olympic Council ofAsia H.H. Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah to exchange views on sports promotion andtourism development.13 Chief Executive Chui Sai On delivers his policy address for the fiscal year 2013 in theLegislative Assembly. Entitled “Enhance the Well-being of Society and Prepare for LongtermDevelopment”, the policy address announces the continuation of a series of measuresto promote the people’s well-being.15 The 59th Macau Grand Prix kicks off. Sadly, two foreign drivers die in separate accidentsduring the two-day event.19 The bill authorising the Macao SAR’s jurisdiction over the new campus of the Universityof Macau on Hengqin Island passes its first reading in the plenary session of the LegislativeAssembly.The Government’s budget for 2013 passes its first reading in the plenary session of theLegislative Assembly. The Government conservatively forecasts a total revenue of 134.8billion patacas, of which 92.4 billion patacas comes from the main source – Special GamingTax. The total expenditure of the 2013 budget reaches 82.5 billion patacas, representing anincrease of 6.7 percent as compared with 2012.20 Hengqin New Area introduces its first sale listing of commercial land specifically for Macaobusinesses. Of an area ​over 30,000 square metres, the land is offered at an auction reserveprice of about 250 million yuan.38

Calendar of Events in 201221 The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft by-law on the Supply Systemand Requirements on Gaming Machines, Equipment and Systems.23 The Government decides to extend the expiry date of 2G services to 4 June 2015.27 The Housing Bureau arranges families according to the waiting list for selection of the firstbatch of Home-ownership Scheme housing units of Ching Yi Building.28 A Macao economic and trade delegation of 70 members visits Haikou in Hainan Provinceto participate in the opening and contract signing ceremony of the Eighth Pan-Pearl RiverDelta Regional Cooperation and Development Forum. Six project agreements are signedbetween Macao enterprises and other provinces at this year’s event.30 The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the bill of the Land Law. It is recommendedthat land concession must be conducted in open tender under normal circumstances, butalso sets exceptions.December2 The first central recruitment examination for civil service positions commences. Theexamination on general knowledge is held simultaneously in 19 venues. Among the 14,000candidates, 74 percent sit for the examination.4 The Government announces to temporarily adopt a flood control and drainage approachby setting up a 2.3-metre-high flood prevention wall from Barra to Patane Market by theHarbour Building to prevent influx of sea water, and plans to establish two flood controldrainage zones at the north and south ends to drain floodwater.5 The Government announces the upward adjustment of the social security contributionslevel. It is initially proposed, in the coming four years, to adjust in three phases the ratio ofthe employee’s and employer’s contributions from 1:2 to 1:1.11 The presidium of the election of representatives of the 12th Macao National People’sCongress confirms the eligibility of 15 Macao candidates.13 The 2013 fiscal year budget passes its second reading in the plenary session of the LegislativeAssembly. The total revenue of the Government in 2013 is estimated at more than 134.8billion patacas, while the total expenditure is estimated to be more than 82.5 billion patacas.14 Chief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Dr Shin Young-soo, Western Pacific RegionalDirector of the World Health Organization. Both parties agree to continue supporting andcooperating with each other in disease prevention and control as well as in other areas.The First Standing Committee of the Legislative Assembly concludes detailed discussionof the bill of Amendment to Law No. 11/2003 (Declaration of Incomes and Properties).The committee signs the submission of opinions and proposes to rename it the Law ofDeclaration of Properties and Interests.39

Macao Yearbook 201317 The second plenary meeting of the election assembly of the 12th Macao National People’sCongress votes for the 12 new Macao National People’s Congress representatives.18 The Executive Council concludes its discussion of the draft bill of the Urban Planning Law.The Housing Bureau arranges for the first batch of buyers of reserved Home-OwnershipScheme housing flats at Edf. do Lago to settle their payments and collect the keys to theirunits.19 The Government plans to extend the Taipa walking system facilities by building anelevated green walkway to provide a comfortable and slow traffic environment in urbanTaipa.20 The Government hosts a reception to celebrate the 13th anniversary of the establishmentof the Macao Special Administrative Region.Chief Executive Chui Sai On leaves for Beijing on a duty visit.The new General Secretary of the Communist Party and Vice President of the People’sRepublic of China Xi Jinping meets with Chief Executive Chui Sai On. Xi Jinping recognisesthe efforts of Chui Sai On and the Government. He emphasises that the Central People’sGovernment major policies on Hong Kong and Macao after the 18th National People’sCongress will remain unchanged, and is confident that Macao will enjoy an even betterfuture.“Parade through Macao, Latin City”, one of the activities to celebrate the 13th anniversaryof Macao’s return to the motherland, is held in Macao, with the participatioin of about 2,000performers and supporting staff from different countries and regions.21 President Hu Jintao meets with Chief Executive Chui Sai On and listens to his report onMacao’s current situation and its social and economic development.Premier Wen Jiabao meets with Chief Executive Chui Sai On and listens to his report onMacao’s social and economic development over the past year, as well as the policy prioritiesfor the coming year.23 The pouring of concrete is completed for the first non-navigable span of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, marking the commencement of construction of the main body ofthe bridge.27 The Government commences its “post-19,000 units” public housing programme. Locatedat Lot 1 and Lot 2 of Bairro da Ilha Verde, the project will provide more than 2,300residential units.28 The Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security announcesthe introduction of a new version of the Home Return Permit. The bureau starts acceptingapplications from 2 January 2013, and the number of the new permit will remain unchangedfor the duration of its holder’s life.40

Calendar of Events in 201220 DecemberGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party Xi Jinping meets with Chief ExecutiveChui Sai On in Beijing21 DecemberPresident Hu Jintao meets with Chief Executive Chui Sai On and listens to his duty report41

Macao Yearbook 201321 DecemberPremier Wen Jiabao meetswith Chief Executive ChuiSai On and listens to hisduty report8 JanuaryChief Executive Chui Sai On meets with EU President José ManuelDurão Barroso42

Calendar of Events in 20124 FebruaryChief Executive Chui SaiOn meets with GuangdongGovernor Zhu Xiaodan4 JanuaryChief Executive Chui Sai On chairs the first forum on constitutional development43

Macao Yearbook 20138 MarchChief Executive Chui Sai Onmeets with Foreign MinisterYang Jiechi10 AugustChief Executive ChuiSai On responds toquestions on governmentadministration andsocial issues at the Q&Asession at the LegislativeAssembly16 JuneChief Executive Chui Sai On meets with Secretary of the CPCGuangdong Provincial Committee, Wang Yang44

Calendar of Events in 201229 AugustThe bill on the Amendment to Chief ExecutiveElectoral Law and the bill on the Amendmentto Legislative Assembly Electoral Law passtheir second reading in the plenary session ofthe Legislative Assembly13 NovemberChief Executive Chui Sai Ondelivers his policy address for thefiscal year 2013 in the LegislativeAssembly14 DecemberChief Executive Chui Sai On meetswith Dr Shin Young-soo, WesternPacific Regional Director of theWorld Health Organization45

Macao Yearbook 201319 SeptemberThe Government Information Bureau holds apress conference to announce the final reporton deliberative polling on the amendment tothe Press Law and the Broadcasting Law17 DecemberThe second plenary meeting of the electionassembly of the 12th Macao NationalPeople’s Congress27 AugustChina’s delegation of gold medalists in the London Olympic Games take a groupphoto at the Ruins of St Paul’s46

Calendar of Events in 201210 FebruaryThe Government holds the 2011Decorations, Medals and Certificatesof Merit Awards Ceremony13 AugustShenzhou-9 Space Delegation visits Macao31 AugustChief Executive Chui Sai On meetswith the visiting delegation thatorganised “China’s First MannedSpacecraft Rendezvous andDocking Exhibition” in Macao47

Macao Yearbook 201319 JanuarySelected families are arranged to choose their Home-Ownership Scheme housingflats at Edf. do Lago13 JuneMacao LRT holds a groundbreaking ceremony for the constructionof the LRT Cotai Section and Border-gate Terminal Section48

Calendar of Events in 201210 OctoberChief Executive Chui Sai On pays a visit to understand the situation ofSin Fong Garden11 OctoberChief Executive Chui Sai On calls an interdepartmental meeting foran overall planning of the follow up work at Sin Fong Garden49

Macao Yearbook 201330 AprilThe Buddha’s parietal-bone relic worshipping ceremony opens in Macao13 MaySecretary for Social Affairs and Culture Cheong U officiates at the openingceremony of the Macao Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei50

Calendar of Events in 201222 FebruaryChief Executive Chui Sai On inspectsconstruction progress at the newcampus of the University of Macau9 SeptemberThe “Global Tourism EconomyForum – Macao 2012”, the firstsuch event, opens in Macao14 FebruaryThe National Science and TechnologyAward Conference is held in Beijing. Aresearch project in Macao wins SecondPrize under the category of StateScientific and Technological ProgressAward (Photo: U SENG PAN)51

Macao Yearbook 201324 JulyTyphoon Vicente hits Macao and thetyphoon signal number 9 is hoisted2 DecemberThe first central recruitmentexamination on generalknowledge for civil servicepositions commences52

Calendar of Events in 20121 JanuaryThe new Tobacco Control Lawcomes into effect19 AugustThe special lane for motorcyclesat the Sai Van Bridge opens fortrial operation21 FebruarySecretary for Transport and Public Works Lau Si Io officiates at the groundbreakingceremony of the urban Taipa section of the Macao LRT Phase 153

Macao Yearbook 2013

OVERVIEW OF THE MACAOSPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVEREGION IN 2012

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Ensuring stable economic growth and developing Macao asa tourism and leisure centre to diversify the economyThe Government strictly adheredto the Basic Law of the MacaoSAR in its pragmatic andprogressive endeavours during2012, in line with the principlesof “One country, two systems”,“Macao people governingMacao” and a high degree ofautonomy. With the generoussupport of the Central People’sGovernment and the concertedefforts of the Macao people, theSAR Government has overcomeinternal and external problems,pressed ahead with economic diversification, and enhanced people’s well being in the first place.Upholding the principle of “Putting people first”, the Government has achieved stable growth onthe social, political, economic and cultural fronts.Macao’s economy maintains positive growth despite externalconditionsUnder complex and volatile international political and economic conditions, the Government hasbeen steadfast in implementing sound and stable fiscal and financial policies, which have led tostable economic development. In 2012, Macao’s gross domestic product (GDP) amounted to 348.2billion patacas, representing an increase in real terms of 9.9 percent year on year, with a GDPper capita of nearly 612,000 patacas. Macao’s economic growth was driven mainly by exports ofservices and domestic demand; the exports of gaming services increased by 6.9 percent, while totalexpenditure by visitors rose by 6.4 percent.In domestic demand, fixed capital investment surged by 19.1 percent, attributed to a substantialincrease in public projects. At the same time, private and public expenditure increased by 9.1 percentand 6.9 percent respectively, and commodity exports also saw a significant rise of 23.3 percent,giving impetus to the healthy and stable development of Macao’s economy.The value of total exports of goods for the year was 8.16 billion patacas, representing a year-onyearrise of 17.1 percent. The growth was mainly due to the 28.2 percent increase in the value ofre-exports despite a 4.4 percent decrease in the value of domestic exports. Goods imported achieveda total value of 70.93 billion patacas, an increase of 13.9 percent year on year.Regarding domestic demand, retail sales for 2012 amounted to 52.85 billion patacas, a yearon-yearincrease of 22 percent. Retail sales volume (net of price changes) increased by 16 percentyear on year.57

Macao Yearbook 2013Total investment increased by 21.8 percent. Investments in private and public construction roseby 8.5 percent and 39.3 percent respectively, with an increase of 22.6 percent in total investmentin construction. Investments in private and public facilities rose by 7.8 percent and 39.3 percentrespectively, an overall increase of 18.3 percent.The number of newly established companies increased by 6.1 percent, while the total value ofregistered capital decreased by 38.0 percent. A total of 3,612 companies were established during2012, which was 207 more than in the previous year, however the total registered capital decreasedby 38.0 percent to 610 million patacas. These newly established companies operate mainly wholesaleand retail businesses. Meanwhile, a total of 501 companies were dissolved in 2012, a year-onyeardecrease of 2.0 percent. Capital withdrawn amounted to 110 million patacas, a year-on-yeardecrease of 63.3 percent.Fiscally, the total revenue of the Government in 2012 increased by 14.9 percent to 129.5 billionpatacas, of which income from gaming tax accounted for 113.38 billion patacas, representing arise of 13.8 percent. Total expenditure increased by 15.8 percent to 56.75 billion patacas, of whichrecurrent expenditure accounted for 40.45 billion patacas, a rise of five percent. The fiscal surplusfor the year totalled 72.75 billion patacas.During the year, Macao officially implemented the Fiscal Reserve System, allocating reserveassets and injecting capital into the foreign currency reserves. Meanwhile, the Government alsostarted to work on partial amendments to the Budget Framework Law, and improved procedures forthe budget for the Plan for Investment and Development Expenses of the Administration (PIDDA).By the end of 2012, Macao’s basic reserves amounted to 98.8 billion patacas, while the excessreserve amounted to 58.262 billion patacas. As some foreign currency assets in the foreign reserveswere transferred to the newly established fiscal reserves in 2012, the balance of the foreign reservesby the end of the year dropped sharply by 51.3 percent to 132.5 billion.Establishing Macao as a tourism and leisure centre, andrevitalising resources to promote cultural and creative industriesIn 2012, Macao received28,082,292 visitors, a slightincrease of 0.3 percent over2011. Gross gaming revenue(excluding tips) amounted to305.235 billion patacas, anincrease of 13.4 percent over theprevious year. Total expenditureby visitors (excluding gamingexpenditure) reached 52.3 billionpatacas, representing a year-onyearincrease of 15 percent overthe figure of 45.3 billion patacasin 2011.58

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012The Government is determined to position Macao as a world tourism and leisure centre, andbolster its functionality as a regional platform for commercial and trade services. While reinforcingand intensifying the development of the tourism and gaming industry, the Government alsoimplemented moderate regulation, enhanced monitoring of the growth of the gaming industry, andactively facilitated the development of integrated tourism and other associated industries. Emphasiswas put on the convention and exhibition, cultural and creative, Chinese medicine, and commercialand trade industries, to facilitate appropriate economic diversification.In 2012, the Government focused on several aspects of the medium and long-term developmentof the tourism industry, and set up internal working groups to study various proposals. An expertdelegation from the Pacific Asia Travel Association was invited to release a study report onMacao. At the First Global Tourism Economy Forum in Macao, opinions on the positioning andestablishment of Macao as a world tourism and leisure centre were collected from experts andacademic researchers from around the world.With a brand-new tourism theme, the Macao Government Tourist Office (MGTO) continued topromote Macao with the slogan “Touching Moments, Experience Macau”, and cooperated withMGTO representatives in overseas markets to carry out promotional activities on social networks,blogs and websites. An audio guide service was also launched to encourage tourists to visit Macao’sattractions independently. Through inter-departmental cooperation and collaboration with relevantorganisations, new tourism products were developed focusing on culture, study, religions, festivalsand ecology.The development of budget hotels has drawn the attention of society and the public. The MGTOtook the initiative to cooperate with tourism-related organisations to launch a dedicated websitefor budget hotels which also serves as a platform for room reservation. To ensure the qualityof our tourism products and protect the rights of tourists, the MGTO conducted inspections onestablishments, industries and tourist spots under its supervision. It also continued to work withinter-departmental action groups to crack down on illegal accommodation.The Government actively promoted regional cooperation in tourism by participating in theformulation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Tourism Cooperation Plan, and regularlymeeting representatives of other provinces and cities. As the Framework Agreement on Cooperationbetween Guangdong and Macao continued to be intensified and implemented, Macao strengthenedits cooperation with Guangdong by co-organising major publicity programmes such as the MacaoWeek in Guangdong. Furthermore, the tourism authorities of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macaoalso actively promoted multi-destination itineraries, co-organised tourism promotion activities inoverseas markets, and participated jointly in local travel exhibitions.On heritage conservation, cultural and creative industries, and the development of culturaltourism, the Government successfully completed the legislative process of the Cultural HeritageProtection Law, bringing success in the protection and continuation of intangible cultural heritage.Moreover, the Government made great efforts in the development of local cultural and creativeindustries by establishing the Cultural and Creative Industry Fund, and actively promoting theinnovation and continuity of Macao’s culture.59

Macao Yearbook 2013On 18 October, the bill onCultural Heritage ProtectionLaw passed its first reading in theLegislative Assembly, markinga milestone in the conservationof cultural heritage. The bill wasthen studied and discussed bythe Third Standing Committeeof the Legislative Assembly.As the bill involved culturalheritage conservation valuesand the interests of multiplestakeholders, the committeelaunched a public exercise tocollect views and opinions, which was a rare practice, in a bid to improve the bill.To promote the development of the local cultural and creative industries, the Governmentactively explored room for cultural and creative development which included the establishment ofthe Macao Creative Pavilion, C Shop and Macao Fashion Gallery. Moreover, a Macao weddingcustoms museum, an art film cinema, and an outdoor café are to be included in the Ho Song I TongCultural and Creative Space and the architectural complex at the Lane of Romance (Travessa daPaixão), which are now under construction.The research programme on the benchmarking system for assessing Macao’s cultural and creativeindustries also achieved initial success in adopting a more scientific approach to the assessmentof Macao’s cultural and creative industries. The study focused on analysing existing statistics inrelation to Macao’s cultural and creative industries, as well as data that is yet to go through anystatistical analysis, to establish a framework for a dedicated statistical system for Macao and allowcomparison with other places, to facilitate monitoring of the development of the local cultural andcreative industries.Regarding conservation and promotion of intangible cultural heritage in 2012, Mazu (A Ma)belief and customs, Na Tcha belief and customs, Macanese Gastronomy, and Macanese Theatre(Theatre in Patuá) were included on the list of Macao Intangible Cultural Heritage. After severalyears of promotional effort, the conservation work of Macao intangible cultural heritage is graduallyrecognised, respected and joined by the public.The Government also launched a number of restoration and reuse projects. Statistics showthat more than 60 maintenance and revitalisation projects were launched in 2012, among whichthe Na Tcha Temple and Tung Sin Tong Historical Archive Exhibition Hall projects are alreadycompleted and open to public. Moreover, the Red Market Library has also opened to enhance thecultural environment of the community.To reinforce local culture, the Macao Arts Festival was held to encourage local creativity. Overhalf of the arts festival programmes were performed by local art groups. As well as the MacaoLiterary Selection 2011, a new publication entitled Annual Selection of Macao Performing ArtReviews 2010-2011 was released.60

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Promoting gradual development of gaming and giving fullsupport to convention and exhibition industriesThe Government continued to implement a series of regulations and measures to regulate and controlthe scale and pace of development of the gaming industry in 2012, with the aim of supportingoptimum growth in the sector.To enhance the supervision of casinos, the recording of gaming data was completelycomputerised. Supervision of slot machines in casinos was strengthened by replacing on-sitemonitoring systems with parallel electronic and remote devices. Monitoring and control of thefinancial status of gaming concessionaires was also tightened and stock-taking of fixed assets wascarried out as required. Gaming promoters were closely monitored by establishing a database oftheir shareholders, directors and major employees under the database of gaming promoters and theirpartners. The implementation of the cap on junket commissions was examined and the monitoringof sports lotteries and horse-racing tickets was enhanced. Auditing of gaming concessionaires inregard to the fulfilment of the Minimum Internal Control Requirements (MICR) was continued,and responsible gaming was promoted.To further regulate the healthy development of the gaming industry and prevent problemgambling, the Regulation on the Conditions of Entering, Staying and Gaming in Casinos came intoeffect on 1 November 2012. According to the regulation, people under the age of 21 are forbiddento enter casinos, whereas anyone or his/her spouse, older family members, younger family membersor relatives by blood within the second degree of kinship may apply for prohibition of his/her entryinto casinos for up to two years. The Executive Council also concluded its discussion on the draft ofthe by-law on the Supply System and Requirements on Gaming Machines, Equipment and Systems,which set up strict requirements for the establishment of gaming machine parlours. According to thedraft by-law, to improve the living environment of Macao residents, gaming machine parlours areonly allowed to be set up in hotels rated five-star or above, buildings approved for non-residentialuse that are within 500 metres of a licensed hotel casino, or buildings for commercial and leisurepurposes that are regarded as a tourist location not in a high density residential area.Meanwhile, the Conventionand Exhibition IncentiveProgramme was introducedto continue assistance andsupport for the planning andorganisation of conventionsand exhibitions in Macao. Inaddition, studies were conductedby the Convention IndustryDevelopment Committee and itssub-groups in order to formulatepolicies and measures to promotethe development of Macao’sconvention and exhibitionindustry. In 2012, a total of 1,022conventions and exhibitions were held in Macao, 23 fewer than the previous year. However, the61

Macao Yearbook 2013number of participants increased by 26 percent to 1,612,961.In September, the Government signed the Agreement to Strengthen Cooperation of theConvention and Exhibition Industry with the Ministry of Commerce to enhance cooperation withthe mainland’s convention and exhibition industry. Last year, several respected mainland-brandedconventions and exhibitions were held in Macao, including the Third China Catering Expo andthe International Infrastructure Investment and Construction Forum. Moreover, the Governmentcontinued to establish Macao’s brand conventions and exhibitions, and successfully held the MacaoInternational Trade and Investment Fair (MIF), the Macao International Environmental CooperationForum (MIECF), the Guangdong and Macao Branded Products Fair, and the Macao Franchise Expo(MFE). The Government strongly supported industries to hold conventions and exhibitions, andto enhance connections between local conventions and exhibitions and major mainland events, topromote regional industrial cooperation. It also encouraged companies to organise and participatein local and overseas exhibitions, and created a favourable environment and platforms that facilitatediversified development of Macao’s economy.Actively support small and medium enterprises and reasonablycoordinate human resourcesSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of Macao’s economicdiversification. In 2012, the Government continued to implement and improve supportive measuresfor SMEs. Stronger financial assistance was offered to SMEs by increasing the upper limit ofinterest-free loans from 500,000 patacas to 600,000 patacas. The Government also continued to runthe SME assistance scheme, credit assurance scheme and interest subsidy scheme on bank loans toenterprises, as well as to support the development of SMEs through the Commercial DevelopmentFund. To remedy the manpower shortfall faced by SMEs, the Government accelerated the approvalprocess for applications to employ non-resident staff.The territory’s steady economic development is attributed to a stable and efficient labour force.The Government has been facilitating the appropriate matching of human resources through trainingand employment and job-changing assistance, so as to promote local residents’ job engagement andmaintain a low unemployment rate, as well as to provide impetus to the development of enterprises.In 2012, Macao’s unemployment rate was 1.9 percent, a year-on-year decrease of 0.7 percentagepoints. In the fourth quarter, the median monthly income of the employed population was 12,000patacas, an increase of 1,700 patacas year on year.As at the end of 2012, the job-referral programme had provided instant job-referral servicesand employment assistance to 3,237 job seekers. Communication and cooperation betweenemployers and employees was also strengthened to help balance supply and demand for manpower.Meanwhile, employment assistance was strengthened with the launch of the Employment TrainingScheme for the Middle-aged and the Training Series for the Middle-aged to assist members ofthat age group who have low education levels to secure a job. To support upward mobility for theunderprivileged, employers were encouraged to hire the disabled and relief training courses werecontinued. Meanwhile, applications for the import of labour were approved in strict accordancewith the law, and the deployment of labour in local companies was monitored to protect localresidents’ employment rights.62

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Drawing on international practices to ensure the financialsector’s stable developmentThe Government continued to monitor and supervise financial institutions. It drafted andpromulgated the Guide to Application for Licences to improve the approval process for financialinstitution licence applications, and in July it promulgated the Law on Deposit Protection Scheme.As regards banking regulation, it drafted or revised relevant rules in a timely manner to ensure thatlocal banks stick to prudent operation and proper internal controls as well as risk management inthe face of changing circumstances. The New Capital Accord issued by the Basel Committee onBanking Supervision was implemented in phases, and the Guidelines on Declaration of FinancialInformation were introduced, raising the requirements for declaration of banking information.The Rules on Cash in Hand and Minimum Liquidity Requirements were revised in line with theimplementation of the Macao Pataca real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system.In terms of insurance regulation, the Government completed on-site inspections of insurancecompanies and on-site specific inspections of life insurance companies to prevent and combatmoney laundering and terrorist financing. In addition, several laws and regulations were amended,including the addition of provisions to the Law Governing Insurance Business and Regulations onInsurance Agents and Brokers. Meanwhile amendments to the Law on Insurance for WorkplaceAccidents and Occupational Diseases and guidelines on the governance of insurance companieswere drafted. The website for insurance consumers was also launched and the manual for insuranceconsumers was tentatively completed.Promoting regional cooperation and fulfilling Macao’s functionas a commercial and trade services platformIn 2012, the Governmentcontinued to actively promoteregional economic integrationand strengthen cooperationwith mainland China andneighbouring regions, andestablished win-win relationswith mainland China andPortuguese-speaking countries,advanced Macao’s economicdevelopment and the quality ofits commercial and trade services,thus progressively promotingadequate diversification of theeconomy.In April 2012, the Eighth Supplementary Protocol to the Mainland and Macao Closer EconomicPartnership Arrangement (CEPA) was officially implemented; while in July the Ninth SupplementaryProtocol to the CEPA was signed between Macao and the Ministry of Commerce, taking effect63

Macao Yearbook 2013on 1 January 2013. A total of 48 service sectors have now been liberalised, among a total of 318liberalisation measures.To further demonstrate Macao’s function as a service platform for commercial and tradecooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, the Government actively promotedcooperation between Macao and various mainland provinces and cities. On the foundation ofthe Framework Agreement on Cooperation Between Guangdong and Macao, cooperation in theconvention and exhibition industry and among SMEs of Guangdong and Macao on intellectualproperty and finance were strengthened. Arrangements were made for enterprises of the tworegions to visit Portugal and Italy to promote investment. Delegations were also sent to participatein economic and trade events in the Pan-Pearl River Delta (PPRD) region.Moreover, the Government also strived to construct a platform for the cooperation between thePPRD region and the international environmental industries, and through which the enterprises in thePPRD region could open up overseas markets in Portuguese-speaking countries and the EuropeanUnion. The Government also further fostered economic and trade exchange and cooperation betweenMacao and mainland provinces and cities such as Fujian, Chongqing and Anhui.Joining hands for regional planning and promotingdevelopment of major infrastructureIn the positive environmentunder the FrameworkAgreement on Cooperationbetween Guangdong andMacao, cooperation betweenthe two regions in the economy,society and people’s livelihoodshas achieved new progress.Through active participation inthe development of key areassuch as Hengqin and Nansha,Macao has further improved itsdevelopment structure, enhancedplanning and accumulatedexperience, thus laying a solid foundation for effective cooperation in the next stage.To implement the framework agreement and step up efforts to promote Guangdong-Macaocooperation, the 2012 Memorandum of Understanding on the Implementation of CEPA to PromoteGuangdong-Macao Cooperation was signed in February to foster cooperation between the servicesectors of the two regions. Meanwhile, both sides continued to facilitate the development of Hengqinand actively assisted local chambers of commerce and associations to organise visits to Henqqin.As one of the major projects in the development of Hengqin, work on the Guangdong-MacaoChinese Medicine Industrial Park has been progressing smoothly. In 2012, completed aspectsincluded bidding for land use rights, transferring the land and making relevant payments, writing64

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012and submitting the business planning report, and the first stage of construction. Cooperation betweenGuangzhou and Macao in the development of Nansha has also made progress, and cooperationbetween the two in economic and trade strengthened.In 2012, the Government further pursued the establishment of the Major Action Plan for the BayArea Development of the Pearl River Estuary, the Macao and Zhuhai Collaborative DevelopmentPlan and the Pearl River Estuary West Bank Development Plan, strengthened coordination andplanning with Zhuhai Municipality and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in respect of urbanplanning, infrastructure, customs clearance, public services, industrial layout and ecology,developed the Zhuhai-Macao Metropolitan Area with its pleasant ecological environment, interconnectedpublic services, coordinated industrial development and convenient working and livingenvironments, fulfilled Macao’s function as a world tourism and leisure centre and a commercialand trade services platform, strengthened Macao’s momentum towards adequate economicdiversification, and developed a hinterland for such diversification.In 2012, the construction of the new Hengqin campus of the University of Macau made goodprogress. However, in view of the collapse in July of the section of the cross-river tunnel connectingto Henqin, the Infrastructure Development Office emphasised that safety and quality remainedthe Government’s highest priorities, and thus required the contractor to submit a new, feasibleproject plan in order to safeguard the quality and safety of the project. The contractor also had toassume all responsibility for any loss or delay in works resulting from the incident. At the end of2012, construction of all individual buildings within the campus has entered the final stage. Theconstruction of the major structure of the cross-river tunnel was also completed in January 2013.To relieve the workload of customs clearance, the governments of Guangdong and Macaoannounced a new border-crossing project in 2012, followed by a joint application and report tothe Central People’s Government, discussion of the implementation of the project with relevantministries, and active preparation for various studies at the initial stage.In support of the completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Border-crossing Policy Research and Coordination Group was formed by thegovernments of the three cities to carry out studies of various proposals related to movement acrossthe border and to push forward relevant works on both sides. In regard to cross-border transport,studies were launched of the public transport system and the feasibility of Macao-registered motorvehicles moving between Macao and Hengqin; interoperability of fare cards between Macao andthe other two cities was promoted, and liaison and communication was strengthened to facilitatemutual recognition of driving licences, in an effort to implement relevant management solutionsand measures within 2013.On the support offered to Sichuan, all 103 reconstruction projects in which the Governmentparticipated were completed in 2012. It only remains to perform final review and assessment ofthe project audit reports to ensure that the projects were constructed in accordance with the goalsand requirements of the Government, and that quality and safety are up to the national standard.Launch consultation on population policy to supportdevelopment and strengthen human resourcesIn tandem with the stable development of the economy and society, we must enhance the overall65

Macao Yearbook 2013strength of Macao’s population and attach importance to leveraging the advantages of Macao’s talentpool, in order to promote economic and social development in line with the enhancement of localresidents’ benefits and welfare. In support of the implementation of the development blueprint, theGovernment’s population policy will embrace the vision to enhance population quality, improvepopulation structure, upgrade overall strength of human resources, promote quality of life, andultimately achieve Macao’s sustainable development goals.After comprehensive analysis of the 2011 Population Census results and further specific studies,the Policy Research Office has kicked off a public consultation on Macao’s population policyframework. The Government would consolidate and summarise the comments collected fromvarious sectors of the community and carefully formulate population policy that meets the needsof Macao’s development.The three-month public consultation on Macao’s population policy framework was launched inNovember to collect opinions and suggestions from different sectors with the aim to reach socialconsensus. A number of briefing sessions were organised by the Policy Research Office during theconsultation period to collect opinions and suggestions on Macao’s population policy frameworkdirectly from the public. The Policy Research Office has made full record of and compiled the publicviews collected during the consultation sessions on issues such as ageing population, managementof non-resident workers, supply of professional workers, population quality, population scale andcarrying capacity of the population, to facilitate in-depth studies on population policy conductedby the Government, and to provide reference for relevant departments in formulating policies andmeasures.Successful progress in constitutional development andcontinued improvement in public administrationCompletion of five-step law amendment marks a major stepforward on constitutional developmentMacao’s constitutionaldevelopment made significantprogress in 2012. The fivesteplaw amendment processto revise the methods forselecting the Chief Executiveand forming the LegislativeAssembly was completed,representing a major advancein Macao’s constitutionaldevelopment, as well asdemonstrating successfulimplementation of the principleof “One country, two systems.66

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Constitutional development was a major focus of the Government’s agenda in 2012. In the courseof looking for election methods that suit the social characteristics of Macao, the Central People’sGovernment has given its full support to Macao while the Government has adhered strictly to therelevant requirements of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region. Based on theinterpretation and decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) andtaking into consideration the practical situation of Macao, the Government has secured mainstreamconsensus after the consultation period, and started the amendment process of the selection andformation methods for the Chief Executive and Legislative Assembly respectively.On 31 December 2011, the Standing Committee of the NPC passed the bill on the Interpretation ofArticle 7 of Annex I and Article 3 of Annex II of the Basic Law of the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion (the “Interpretation”), thus officially establishing the five-step process to revise the methodsof selecting the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Assembly. During the one-monthinitial public consultation, the Government received a total of 2,692 submissions of opinions andsuggestions. After considering mainstream opinion from various sectors of society and the generalpublic, the Chief Executive submitted a report to the Standing Committee of the NPC on 7 February2012. On 29 February, the Standing Committee of the NPC adopted a decision on the methodsfor forming the Legislative Assembly of the MSAR in 2013 and selecting its Chief Executive in2014 (the “Decision”).Constitutional development is closely related to the daily life of Macao people, and theGovernment attaches great importance to the support and participation of the general public. Publicopinion was widely collected through various consultation channels, and consideration given to theinterests of different sectors of society, in order to reach community-wide consensus.In accordance with the Basic Law and the Interpretation and the Decision passed by the StandingCommittee of the NPC, the Government published its consultation paper on Macao’s constitutionaldevelopment, and on 10 March 2012 launched a 45-day public consultation on the methods forforming the Legislative Assembly of the MSAR in 2013 and selecting its Chief Executive in2014. A total of ten consultation sessions were organised, which enabled the Government tobetter understand public opinion through direct conversation. During the consultation period, theGovernment received 165,247 submissions of opinions and suggestions from different sectors ofsociety, various community groups and organisations, as well as the general public.With regard to the method for selecting the Chief Executive in 2014, among the 153,092submissions collected, 133,431 supported increasing the membership of the Chief ExecutiveElection Committee from 300 to 400. In regard to the allocation of the newly added seats in theElection Committee, of the 54,100 submissions, 28,362 were for increasing the numbers of seats forthe professional, labour, and social services sectors. As for the method for forming the LegislativeAssembly, among the 159,837 submissions collected, 138,251 supported the idea of having twoadditional directly and indirectly elected legislators, with the number of appointed legislatorsremaining the same.After concluding and analysing the opinions collected, the Government accordingly tabled thedraft bill of amendment to the method for the selection of the Chief Executive, and the draft billof amendment to the method for the formation of the Legislative Assembly. The former suggestedthat the number of members in the Chief Executive Election Committee be increased from 300 to400; while the latter suggested adoption of the “adding two to each” proposal, meaning that the67

Macao Yearbook 2013fifth Legislative Assembly formed in 2013 would have 33 members, with the number of directlyelected legislators increased from 12 to 14, the number of indirectly elected legislators increasedfrom 10 to 12, and the number of legislators appointed by the Chief Executive remaining at seven.The bills were endorsed by a two-thirds majority of the Legislative Assembly on 5 June 2012.On 30 June 2012, the bill on the Amendment to Annex I of the Basic Law: Method for Selectingthe Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region and the bill on the Amendmentto Annex II of the Basic Law: Method for Forming the Legislative Assembly of the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region, were approved and officially recorded by the Standing Committee of theNPC, signifying the successful completion of all legislative procedures for the amendment to themethods for selecting the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Assembly.The Government considers that its first initiative in proposing appropriate amendment to themethods for selecting the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Assembly was an importantstep in the constitutional development of Macao, which would have a positive impact on themaintenance of a stable political system and improved democratic elements in the constitution ofMacao, on effective practice of executive-led government, on balancing the interests of differentsocial strata and sectors, and on securing the long-term prosperity, stability and development ofMacao.The Government immediately started legislative work relating to the selection and formationmethods to implement the decision made by the Standing Committee of the NPC and the resultsof the initial consultation. On 29 August 2012, the bill on the amendment to the Chief ExecutiveElectoral Law and the Legislative Assembly Electoral Law passed their second readings in theLegislative Assembly, providing a legal basis for the Legislative Assembly Election in 2013 andthe Chief Executive Election in 2014.Promotion of voter registration and measures to enhanceconvenienceTo better prepare for the2013 Legislative AssemblyElection, the Government setup an election promotion taskforce, which coordinated andlaunched a series of publicitycampaigns to improve publicunderstanding of the amendedChief Executive Electoral Lawand Legislative AssemblyElectoral Law. Since October, thePublic Administration and CivilService Bureau has extended itsvoter registration services for theconvenience of local residents, including setting up mobile voter registration counters at variouslocations in Macao every day, providing voter registration services at the Public Administration68

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012and Civil Service Bureau, Government Integrated Service Centre and various public servicescentres on Saturdays and Sundays, visiting tertiary institutions and secondary schools to registerteachers and students as voters, and setting up registration counters at events organised by nonprofit-makingorganisations.Statistics show that in 2012, the Public Administration and Civil Service Bureau received26,909 applications for natural person voter registration, among which 2,102 were eligible advanceapplications from permanent residents who reached the age of 17. By 31 December 2012, thenumber of natural person voters was 277,153 (including those under the age of 18 who completedthe registration in advance), an increase of 10.18 percent compared with the figure of 251,542 on31 December 2011. In 2013, six legal person voters were newly entered into the register of voters.Ensuring effectiveness of consultation guidelines and acting as abridge between the Government and communitiesIn 2012, the Government continued to uphold the “Putting people first” principle in the administrativeand judicial aspects by implementing and promoting a series of measures in regard to publicadministration, development of the legal system and civic and municipal affairs.After the Standard Guidelines for Public Policy Consultation came into effect, variousstages of consultation were carried out by different public departments as required. The PublicAdministration Reform Coordination Committee performed its coordination role by following upon the implementation of various consultation projects, communicating with different departments,and providing assistance to them to ensure effective implementation of the guidelines. The mergingof the Public Administration Reform Consultation Committee and the Public Administration ReformCoordination Committee enabled the Government to strengthen internal coordination and enhancecommunication with the community.The 15 special panels under the Community Services Consultation Committee cooperated withvarious public services centres, acting as a bridge between the Government and the community.As an important channel for direct communication between the Government and residents, thefunctions of community seminars have become more significant. The Community ServicesConsultation Committee organised direct discussion sessions with local residents, during which theyexplored, exchanged and followed up on issues such as environmental hygiene, food safety, urbaninfrastructure and public facilities management. In 2012, the Community Services ConsultationCommittee reported 364 cases, of which 261 were handled or settled, and among which 104involved several departments. In addition, the 345 submissions received during the 12 communityseminars were all followed up on.Implementation of central recruitment system and centralpromotion and training schemeThe implementation of the central recruitment system and central promotion and training scheme inresponse to changes in society and the demands of local residents has made management of humanresources in public administration more systematic, standardised and transparent, demonstrating69

Macao Yearbook 2013the principles of fairness, impartiality and openness in human resource management, as well asenabling better coordination and management of civil servants.The central recruitment system was applicable to a total of 34 general and specific positions.According to Executive Order No. 230/2011, central recruitment and selection should be conductedfor senior technician and technical assistant posts at the first stage.In 2012, with reference to the Government’s recruitment plan for the next three years, thePublic Administration and Civil Service Bureau completed its analysis of the recruitment andrequirements for the positions of technical assistant and senior technician, applicants for whichwould have to take a central examination. In August, recruitment procedures for the positions oftechnical assistant in general administrative support, administrative support in public receptionand information technology, which included application, examination of relevant knowledge andprofessional interview, were undertaken to fill 128 vacancies in 30 public departments. Accordingto the published list of candidates, a total of 14,051 people sat the central recruitment ‘generalknowledge’ examination.The implementation of the Rank and Grade System for Civil Servants and the Recruitment,Selection and Training for Promotion of Civil Servants linked the training of civil servants withthe central promotion scheme. The formulation of the training route map enabled civil servantsto enhance their capabilities in accordance with various policy objectives, job nature and theircareer development through fundamental, consolidation, upgrading and continuing courses. Thetraining route map offered two main course types – compulsory and elective. In 2012, eight targetedpromotion training courses were organised for 250 civil servants due to be promoted in 2013.The Civil Servant Training Centre opened in February 2012 with responsibility for consolidatingresources and improving course organisation. Courses offered by the centre enable civil servantsto receive systematic and tailor-made training, to strengthen their overall administrative ability.In 2012, the Civil Service Pay Council, composed of the relevant government departments anda number of civil service associations, was established with the aim to perfect the civil serviceremuneration system and establish a scientific and reasonable adjustment mechanism for civilservice salaries. After considering various factors, the council put forward a proposal for salaryadjustment for civil servants in 2012, which was submitted to the Executive Council and theLegislative Assembly for discussion and examination. With the bill on the adjustment to civilservants’ salaries and pensions passed in May, each point on the civil service salary scale increasedfrom 59 patacas to 62 patacas.Regarding the judicial aspect, the Government prioritised the formulation of regulationsconcerning people’s livelihoods according to their importance and urgency.In 2012, the Government submitted 14 bills to the Legislative Assembly, of which nine were inthe legislative plan and five were non-planned items. A total of 17 bills passed their second readingin the Legislative Assembly, including the Law Governing Video Surveillance in Public Places,the Deposit Protection Scheme, the amendment to the Chief Executive Electoral Law (Law No.3/2004), and the amendment to the Legislative Assembly Electoral Law (Law No. 3/2001).Furthermore, 26 by-laws were promulgated by the Chief Executive, including the WealthPartaking Scheme for 2012, the amendment to the SME Assistance Scheme and the DepositProtection Fund.70

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012In regard to the review and amendment of major legal codes, the bill on the amendment tothe Criminal Procedural Code passed its first reading in the Legislative Assembly. Regardingthe amendment to the Civil Procedural Code, preliminary analysis, data collection and studies ofcomparative law were completed, with emphasis on enhancing judicial efficiency, simplifying legalproceedings, and better allocating judicial resources. The consultation paper regarding amendmentof the Contract System was also ready for consultation.Promoting the Basic Lawwas a major task in the field oflaw promotion. The governmentdepartments concerned made useof favourable elements in society,and integrated the government’sinformation networks with thoseof the community to organisevarious publicity activities toraise awareness among Macaoresidents of the Basic Law.These activities include funfairs, academic seminars andBasic Law training courses,a photo exhibition cum quiz game in Anhui to commemorate Macao’s reunification with themotherland, a series of seminars and lectures on the Basic Law co-organised with Anhui University,promotional activities in schools, library events and panel displays. Moreover, the construction of theCommemorative Gallery of the Macao Basic Law was expedited and the content of the exhibitionwas enriched in order to develop a base for the promotion of the Basic Law.Improving social welfare and securing people’s well-beingIn 2012, the Government gave priority to the improvement of people’s livelihoods and social welfare,and implemented and enhanceda number of policies to safeguardand improve people’s standardof living, which involved a totalexpenditure of over 10 billionpatacas. Projects such as thedevelopment of the Light RapidTransit (LRT) system, roadnetworks, and drainage systemswere completed, which furtherenhanced the living quality oflocal residents and created amore livable environment and abrighter future for Macao.71

Macao Yearbook 2013In light of high inflation in recent years, the Government continued to share the wealth byimplementing short-term measures to help the population cope with the hard times. It also gavefurther financial and policy support to the underprivileged and families with difficulties to supporttheir living.Long-term social security planning and short-term measures toshare wealthOn 12 April, the Executive Council announced the Wealth Partaking Scheme 2012, under whicheach permanent resident and non-permanent resident received respectively 7,000 patacas and 4,200patacas. Around 540,000 permanent residents and 70,000 non-permanent residents benefited fromthe scheme, involving a total of 4.123 billion patacas.At the same time, the Government raised the minimum subsistence index by 0.6 percent inJanuary and by another five percent on 1 July, with that for a one-person household increased to3,300 patacas. In addition, the Government took a series of social security measures such as raisingthe income ceiling for applicants for the Short-term Food Assistance Programme, and increasingthe level of special subsidies to the three categories of underprivileged families. In January andSeptember, an extra one-month full subsidy was disbursed to more than 5,000 families who hadregistered with the Social Welfare Bureau to receive financial assistance. At the end of July, theOld-age Allowance was raised to 6,000 patacas for each eligible senior citizen. Meanwhile, theGovernment continued to provide financial allowances to eligible low-income, full-time employees.Starting from 1 October, the electricity fee subsidy to each residential household was increasedfrom 180 patacas to 200 patacas per month.In 2012, the Government waived rent payments for all 7,300 public housing tenants for oneyear. From 1 September 2012 to 31 August 2013, temporary housing subsidies at a level increasedby eight percent were provided to eligible families on the waiting list for public housing. Sinceits first disbursement in 2008, a total of 223 million patacas of temporary housing subsidies hasbeen offered, helping more than 7,110 families. Moreover, the Government has striven to make thesupply of public housing more effective, increase the number of residents who benefit, and loosenthe eligibility criteria for elderly households to apply for public housing by amending the PublicHousing Application Regulations.On 13 November, Chief Executive Chui Sai On delivered his fourth Policy Address, and forthe first time, eased the pressure on middle-income earners with a tax rebate to support upwardmobility for residents. Various temporary subsidies were also provided to alleviate the burden ofinflation on all social sectors.To combat inflation, the Government organised and assisted the food industry to broaden itssources of supply. To maintain stable food prices, an inter-departmental working group on foodprices was established to conduct research on the import, wholesaling and retailing of food, andrelease information on food prices in different districts in a timely manner. A website was alsolaunched jointly by a number of departments to release updated and comprehensive informationon food prices.72

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012In regard to long-term social security measures, two years have passed since the law on theSocial Security System (Law no. 4/2010) was promulgated, and by the end of 2012, about 60,000people had received their pensions. The allocation of the Central Provident Fund for 2011 startedin July, and it was estimated that about 320,000 residents were eligible to receive the funding. On10 August, the Government decided to inject a total of 37 billion patacas into the Social SecurityFund over the next four years. On 25 September, 6,000 patacas were injected into the CentralProvident Fund account of every eligible Macao resident.However, the Government injection into the Social Security Fund alone is insufficient to maintaina sound social security system. Therefore, on 5 December, the Government proposed to raise thepension contribution and adjust the contribution proportion, aiming to achieve equal contributionsby employers and employees within the next four years, to further improve the two-tier socialsecurity system.Improving public hygiene and building a livable cityThe newly amended Prevention and Control of Smoking Law entered into force on 1 January 2012,banning smoking in all indoor public places. Through legislation, law enforcement, education andencouraging people to quit smoking, the Government’s commitment to building a smoking-freeenvironment was rewarded with a promising start.The new law penalises the following acts: smoking in prohibited places, selling cigarettes thatare not labelled or packaged in accordance with the law, selling tobacco products to people whoare under 18 years of age, and not posting anti-smoking signs in public places in accordance withthe law. The Health Bureau, the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, the Gaming Inspection andCoordination Committee and the Security Police are responsible for safeguarding the health of localresidents and tourists within their purview. By the end of 2012, a total of 8,384 penalty tickets hadbeen issued to violators of the new law. The law was enforced strictly to ensure its deterring effect.The Government proactively liaised with gaming operators in 2012 to extend the smokingban to all casinos and allow casinos to apply to designate not more than 50 percent of their floorareas as smoking areas in accordance with the new law. In October, Executive Order 296/2012 -Requirements on Gaming Areas in Casinos, entered in force. All applications from casinos to setup smoking areas must be reviewed cautiously and thoroughly by several government departments.A long-term mechanism for overseeing and inspection has also been established to ensure casinoscomply with the requirements of the aforementioned executive order.Between September and October in 2012, 23 local cases of dengue fever were confirmed. In lightof the possibility that the disease might spread in Macao, the Government activated the level-IIICivil Protection Master Plan on 26 September. The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau and theHealth Bureau instantly conducted anti-mosquito operations in the areas within 200 metres of theresidential and working places of the patients, which raised public awareness of the need to keepa clean environment and prevent the spread of dengue fever.As an important part of its social welfare policies, in 2012, the Government made greatefforts to develop software and hardware facilities for medical and healthcare development. The73

Macao Yearbook 2013Government expedited the construction of medical service facilities, among which the expansionof the Emergency Services Building of Conde S. Januario Hospital is almost complete. Throughtransitional measures and comprehensive arrangements, such as strengthening cooperation with notfor-profitmedical institutions, medical and healthcare services are ensured in spite of the adjustmentof the completion time of the Islands District Medical Complex and the new health centres.In the second half of 2012, the Health Bureau proposed to create an electronic patient recordsystem to share patient records among different medical institutions in Macao. In the first stage,patients’ records of government medical institutions, Kiang Wu Hospital and the University Hospitalwere compiled. Integrated community wards also started operation in July 2012. In view of economicand social changes, the Health Bureau further strengthened medical and healthcare services for theelderly through the provision of integrated community wards, reorganisation of the triage systemfor emergency services, extension of service hours of the Chinese medicine, acupuncture and oralhealthcare outpatient services, and through the recruitment and training of additional staff. All theseplayed an important part in strengthening the healthcare system of Macao and improving overallsocial welfare and health protection for local residents.Continued enhancement of the coverage and quality of educationSince reunification, the Government has continued to increase resource investment ineducation. By 2012, as well asthe 15-year free education policyimplemented since 2007 and thegradual increase in the levelsof subsidies, the Governmentalso secured improved workingconditions for teachers in termsof system, professionalism andresources, to enhance everyaspect of education policy.Regarding tertiary education,on 6 February, the Governmentpromulgated the by-lawregarding the stationery allowance for tertiary students for the 2011-2012 academic year (By-lawNo. 4/2012). Every Macao tertiary student studying in Macao or overseas now receives an allowanceof 2,000 patacas upon registration. Over 35,000 students benefited, and the total expenditureinvolved was about 66 million patacas.The Government significantly strengthened its support for the development of tertiary educationand attached great importance to the fostering of talent in various disciplines. By disbursingallowances to tertiary students studying in Macao and overseas, the Government improved thedatabase of Macao tertiary students, thus securing information about the academic disciplinesof tertiary students, and enlarging the network of talent by facilitating liaison between relevantdepartments and talented individuals based locally and overseas.At the end of December, the Tertiary Education Services Office announced the building of a74

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012talent database with the information collected during registration for the stationery allowance bytertiary students. Analysis of three aspects, namely the current situation, the demand for and thesupply of talent, were carried out to provide references for the Government to formulate policiesfor tertiary education and other areas. Such information also helped the public, students, parentsand various sectors in society to make objective and scientific decisions based on the demand andsupply of talent in the future market.With regard to the reserve and supply of talented individuals, during the period from June toAugust 2012, the Tertiary Education Services Office conducted a survey of the study and careeraspirations of final-year students at Macao tertiary institutions. Together with the usual lengthof tertiary education programmes and the application rate for the stationery allowance for tertiarystudents, the Tertiary Education Services Office worked out the number of graduates who wouldenter the local market in the years ahead. In addition, the Tertiary Education Services Officecommissioned several tertiary institutions in Macao to conduct studies of the overall future demandand the demand of specific industries for talent, so as to collect accurate data for the furtherenhancement of the talent database.The Government also increased support for students by raising the quota and amount ofscholarships offered to postgraduate students and cooperating with relevant departments to maketransitional arrangements while adjusting the various scholarships for tertiary students.Furthermore, the Policy Address also stated clearly that the Tertiary Scholarship Scheme wouldbe further adjusted and improved to ensure that family financial circumstances would not limit theopportunities for young people to pursue tertiary education. To this end, an Executive Order waspublished on 12 March to increase the quota and amount of student loans and scholarships to benefitmore than 10,000 tertiary students starting from the 2012-2013 academic year. Total expenditureon the scheme was about 390 million patacas, an increase of 56 percent.At the same time, the Government actively promoted legislation relating to Macao’s tertiaryeducation system, and began the drafting of relevant regulations to develop the tertiary educationsystem; followed up on the introduction of a joint entrance examination for universities in Macaoand coordinated the relevant preparatory task forces to hold discussions. The Government alsocoordinated with various tertiary institutions to submit information for the compilation of a reporton the quality assurance of Macao’s tertiary education, which has been submitted to the educationauthority of Taiwan to seek qualification recognition of more Macao tertiary institutions.The budget for non-tertiary education reached nearly 4.16 billion patacas in 2012. However, on 24February, the Government proposed to further increase the free education subsidy per class by 6.1 to6.9 percent for the 2012-2013 academic year on the plenary meeting of the Non-tertiary EducationCouncil. The total expenditure involved in this proposal increased by 7.2 percent compared withthat for the 2011-2012 academic year. Other subsidies were also increased.In September, the Government further proposed to extend school fee subsidies to cover Macaohigh school students studying in Zhuhai and Zhongshan, and to organise summer courses on thecultural and social development of Macao for these students, in order to devise policies for thebenefit of the people, promote Guangdong-Macao cooperation, as well as work towards the goalof perfecting every aspect of Macao education policies.75

Macao Yearbook 2013These proposed measures were expected to be implemented in the second term of the 2012-2013academic year. A subsidy of 17,000 patacas per academic year will be credited to the accounts of theparents or schools in Zhuhai for every eligible student. The governments of Macao and Guangdonghave held several meetings to discuss relevant details, before deciding to launch a pilot scheme inhigh schools in Zhuhai and Zhongshan. The numbers of Macao high school students studying inZhuhai and Zhongshan were estimated at about 500 and 300 respectively.The Government also progressively implemented policies and measures under Macao’s ten-yearplan for non-tertiary education 2011-2020, among which the bill on the Framework for PrivateSchool Teaching Staff was passed by the Legislative Assembly on 29 February. On 19 March, theGovernment promulgated the provisions of the bill and announced that it would take effect fromthe next academic year. The aims of the bill were to secure a quality teaching team and ensurethe effectiveness of the non-tertiary education provided by private schools, through upgrading theprofessional standards of teachers and ensuring their job security.To support the implementation of the framework, the ranking system for teachers at privateschools providing non-tertiary education was introduced and approved by an Executive Orderdated 13 August, with retrospective effect from 1 April. On 22 August, another Executive Orderwas promulgated by the Government to appoint all 13 members of the Teaching Staff ProfessionalCommittee, with the Director of the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau as the Chairperson, withschool management, teachers, representatives of educators and government officials forming therest of the committee. Four teacher members and four alternate members were elected by educationgroups. The major responsibilities of the committee are to draw up a professional code of practicefor teaching staff and to define the requirements for the number of professional development hoursfor teachers.Following the passing of the Framework for Private School Teaching Staff, professionaldevelopment subsidies for teaching staff and plans to refine student-teacher ratios were implementedprogressively. Attributed to the framework, the number of teaching sessions per teacher per weekwas reduced and the demand for teaching staff increased in the new academic year. All these helpedto create better conditions for healthy development of Macao’s education system.The establishment of the framework also encouraged the education sector to formulate aprofessional code of practice for teachers, motivate teachers at public and private schools in Macao,promote their professionalism and upgrade their professional standards, as well as help them togain recognition by the community. After half a year of extensive consultation, the professionalcode of practice for teachers was officially introduced in November.Response to demand for public housing and introduction ofpolicies to stabilise property marketThe Government was aware of the overheated state of the property market, and put forward aseries of policies and strategies in 2012 to meet the policy objective of enabling and encouragingresidents to own their home.In 2012, the Government expedited the construction of public housing, and made an advance76

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012allocation and arrangementsfor successful applicants tomove in gradually. There werearound 4,189 completed housingunits, with a further 15,071under construction, a total of19,260 available units. Underthe “post-19,000 units” publichousing programme, land hadbeen reserved for the provisionof more than 6,000 further units,among which plans were in placefor 3,800 units, and relevanttender invitation procedures had also commenced.In April, the Executive Council published the draft law on the sale of uncompleted residentialunits, and proposed to establish a system for the pre-sale of uncompleted residential units and theregulation of associated sale and purchase agreements. On 24 May, the Government announcedplans for the first public housing projects under the “post-19,000 units” public housing programmeat Lot 1, 2, Bairro da Ilha Verde; and on 6 July it introduced the second project at Northeast Road,Taipa.On 4 June, the Housing Bureau announced the ratio of public housing units to Home-OwnershipScheme housing units under the “post-19,000 units” public housing programme. On 20 August, thesale prices and shortfall repayment ratio of and the pre-sale arrangements for the public housingat Lot 4, Bairro da Ilha Verde were announced, so that families on the waiting list could graduallymove into their new homes.On 12 October, the Government launched a further series of policies and measures, whichaddressed the housing problem from three perspectives, namely managing demand, increasingsupply and improving the market mechanism. Eight measures were formulated in four directions– the loan-to-value ratios for mortgages, taxation, pre-sale of uncompleted flats and increasedsupply of residential units.To prevent property speculation by foreign capital, acquisition costs for non-resident flat buyerswere increased and restrictions on their taking out mortgages were tightened. The scope of the lawon the Special Duty on Transfer of Immovable Property for Residential Purposes was extended tocover shops, offices and parking spaces. On 24 October, an amendment to the law was passed bythe Legislative Assembly via an emergency procedure. At the end of the month, new regulationson the special stamp duty and extra stamp duty levied on the resale of immovable property cameinto effect.Revamping road networks to facilitate convenient commutingTo improve the overall living environment of local residents, the Government strived to createa harmonious and livable city through the sustainable development of transportation networks,77

Macao Yearbook 2013environmental protection and improvements to living space.The General Road Traffic and Transport Policy of Macao reached the end of its first phase in 2012.Priority was given to the revamp of public transport system and relevant improvement measures.Since the introduction of new bus services a year earlier, the number of passengers reached a recordhigh, with bus service frequency increased by some 36 percent. To ensure effective supervision ofbus operations, a service appraisal system was introduced, a platform for the direct involvementof passengers was constructed, and the Transport Advisory Committee as an interactive platformwas fully implemented to collect community views. The year also saw the granting of 200 neweight-year taxi licences through open tender.As the trunk system for future road transport, the Light Rapid Transit (LRT) is key to long-termtraffic improvements in Macao, and is a milestone in the territory’s transport development. In 2012,the LRT entered the construction stage with the commencement of three sections in Taipa (urbanTaipa section, Cotai section and Taipa Terminal) and the commencement of building of the LRTdepot. Furthermore, public presentations on the routes and the detailed design and improved facilitiesat the stations of the two sections on the Macao peninsula (South Sai Van Lake section and OuterHarbour section) were also held. The contractor began to work on the improvement project of theSai Van Bridge in the second half of the year, following finalisation of the design.To meet the schedule of the LRT Phase 1 project, construction of the public transport interchangeat Estrada Governador Albano de Oliveira in Taipa has commenced. During the constructionphase of the LRT project, enhanced comprehensive planning of the traffic system in the area wasimplemented to improve connectivity between LRT stations and other transport modes, especiallybus and taxi services.The Government maintained its efforts to expand the road network, such as through openingRua Lei Pou Chon, connecting Avenida do Ouvidor Arriaga with Rua Nova do Patane and IlhaVerde, revamping the road network around Avenida Marginal do Lam Mao, and extending AvenidaMarginal do Patane.Road crossing facilities for pedestrians were also improved and barrier-free walkways wereconstructed in phases. The walkways crossing Estrada da Baía de Nossa Senhora da Esperançawere opened for use in 2012, and the construction of underground carriageway connectingEstrada da Baía de Nossa Senhora da Esperança and Avenida Wai Long in Taipa entered its mostsignificant stage.To complement the completion of public housing projects, community facilities in those areaswere improved. For instance, the first recycled water pipeline network will be completed for thepublic housing project at Seac Pai Van.The Government completed the construction of Iao Hon Market Complex and arranged forhawkers to move in. The improvement project of S. Lourenco Market was also completed.Renovation projects on the exterior of Iao Hon Market and Mercado Municipal Horta da Mitra,the hawker areas at Rua Sul do Mercado de S. Domingos, Rua Norte do Mercado de S. Domingos,and Fai Chi Kei were also commenced as scheduled. Meanwhile, the redevelopment plan of the78

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Five Streets – Rua da Emenda, Rua do Lu Cao, Rua de Brás da Rosa, Rua de Tomé Pires and Ruado Rebanho – was implemented in phases. Part-time pedestrian zones were set up to eliminatepotential safety hazards and maintain order in the hawker areas, creating a safe and comfortableliving and business environment for residents and retailers.In the realm of environmental protection, the Government introduced a number of new policiesand initiatives in 2012 to ensure healthy development of the living environment in Macao. Forinstance, through continuous improvement the leakage rate of water pipelines dropped to about8.8 percent reaching the goal set in the Macao Water Conservation Plan.Several environmental protection policies such as the by-law on Standard Limits of ExhaustEmissions for Imported New Vehicles were introduced, and efforts were made to educate the publicto make efficient use of resources and to encourage society to use renewable energy.In February, the solar photovoltaic system pilot project at Edíficio Hou Kong commencedoperation. At the same time, the natural gas pipeline network, which helped to safeguard the energysupply necessary to meet the demands of Macao residents, officially came into use.Improving coordination and response capability to cope withemergenciesThe Sin Fong Garden incident in October demonstrated the Government’s efforts in enhancing itsemergency response mechanism as well as its determination to put people first in tackling problems.On 10 October 2012, cracks were found in the main columns of the 30-storey residential buildingSin Fong Garden, prompting an evacuation of 140 households. The Government was highlyconcerned about the incident and Chief Executive Chui Sai On kick-started an inter-departmentalresponse mechanism following an on-site inspection in person of the scene.The Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau immediately requested the adjacent constructionsite to cease operation, and required the contractor to take provisional measures to reinforce thebuilding’s structure. After confirming that the building was not in imminent risk of collapse, theresidents of Sin Fong Garden were allowed to enter the building in batches to fetch basic necessitiesfrom their homes. Emergency subsidies were later disbursed by the Social Welfare Bureau tothe affected residents for their immediate needs. At the same time, the Lands, Public Works andTransport Bureau continued to monitor and examine the building, and commenced long-termstructural strengthening works to ensure the safety of the residents of the neighborhood.In handling the incident, the Government stressed that public safety was the first priority and greatimportance was attached to seamless cooperation in the inter-departmental response mechanism.Following this incident, the Emergency Response Committee headed by the Chief Executive wasestablished. It is charged with coordinating, instructing and monitoring public entities in handlingall kinds of emergencies in a bid to raise the Government’s response capability.79

Macao Yearbook 2013Strengthening efforts to combat crime and reinforcing civilprotectionThe Government also intensifiedits efforts to prevent and combatcrime by taking a multi-prongedapproach to build a livableMacao in good public order. In2012, Macao was ranked China’ssafest city according to the ChinaUrban Competitiveness Report,issued by the China Institute ofCity Competitiveness.In 2012, emphasis was put onthe enhancement of intelligencenetwork by Macao’s publicsecurity authorities, whichworked actively with overseas police forces in intelligence exchange. In cracking the two fraudcases involving a fake casino in February and March, 23 suspects were arrested following extensiveintelligence analysis and surveillance operations.Moreover, to ensure a timely response to gaming-related crime, the Judiciary Police madeadjustments to the organisation and resources deployment for prevention, investigation andcombating of such offences, which included restructuring human resources, reforming emergencyresponse mechanism, and setting up a special inspection team to carry out round-the-clock patrolsin all casinos in Macao. Since the introduction of the new mechanism, initial success has beenachieved in deterring and preventing gaming-related crime.The Government also paid close attention to the improvement of public security hardware. Afterthe Law Governing Video Surveillance in Public Places came into effect on 19 April 2012, videosurveillance cameras were installed in three phases at border checkpoints, transport interchangesand crime black spots to combat crime such as arson, vehicle theft and pickpocketing.On 11 July, the Secretary for Security approved the installation and 24-hour operation of 1,353video surveillance cameras at various border checkpoints, public security departments, the GoldenLotus Square, the Guia Lighthouse, Rampa do Observatório da Taipa Grande and Alto de ColoaneRoad. In order to protect the privacy of Macao people, these cameras are only permitted to videorecordat fixed positions and the recording and collection of sound is forbidden. It is not permittedto video record or focus on private places.To combat drug trafficking, public security authorities continued to strengthen law enforcementactions at the airport to stop the flow of illicit drugs into Macao. On 24 April 2012, the largest drugmanufacturing operation in recent years was smashed. Seven bags and suitcases of raw materialsfor methamphetamine manufacturing weighing 166.5 kilograms were seized, and the suspects were80

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012arrested. In March, the Public Security Police and mainland public security authorities smasheda cross-border human trafficking syndicate in a joint operation in which seven suspects were arrestedand a number of victims freed.Adjusting civil protection plan by setting response levelsThe Government made timely adjustments to the civil protection master plan in accordance withthe actual situations. Contingency plans to cope with the onslaught of water salinity, handleconstruction project accidents and respond to water contamination incidents were formulated andincluded in the plan. At the moment, besides natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, the masterplan also includes contingency plans in case of catastrophes and public health emergencies, withall accidents and natural hazards categorised into five response levels.On numerous occasions, the newly amended civil protection master plan yielded positive resultsin the protection of the lives and property of Macao residents.When Typhoon Signal No. 8 was hoisted by the Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau at7pm on 23 July as Typhoon Vicente approached Macao, the Civil Protection Operational Centreimmediately activated the contingency measures according to the civil protection master plan. Aslocal winds strengthened rapidly, the Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau issued Typhoon SignalNo. 9 at 2:15 am. This was the first Typhoon Signal No. 9 hoisted since the passage of TyphoonYork 13 years ago in 1999 before the establishment of the MSAR.Under the guidance of the of civil protection master plan, the Fire Service coordinated 28departments and organisations and liaised closely with different government departments, privateorganisations and the media, in order to gather up-to-date meteorological information and releasecivil protection advice to the public in a timely manner. Organised contingency measures for theconvenience of the public greatly reduced the negative impact of the typhoon.In a bid to enhance its response capability in the event of disasters or emergencies, the Governmentconducted numerous drills and tests in 2012. On 23 May, various departments and the Sai VanBridge Management Company jointly organised a fire drill at the lower deck tunnel of Sai VanBridge to assess the coordination and response capability of the relevant departments in case trafficaccidents occur inside the tunnel during a typhoon.On 13 November, several government departments jointly organised an on-site nuclear drillto enhance the preparedness of Macao’s Nuclear Incidents Response Task Force and to reviewthe effectiveness of the implementation and reporting mechanism of the Contingency Plan onNuclear Incidents in Neighbouring Nuclear Power Stations. On 14 December, Macao and Zhuhaijointly organised a passenger boat drill to assess the enforceability of the Contingency Plan onMaritime Incidents and joint rescue work. Other emergency drills and exercises regarding publiccommunication during disasters, control of serious epidemics, airport security, prison security,public security and accidents at power stations were also conducted in 2012 to thoroughly reviewthe Government’s response capability in the event of public disasters and emergencies.81

Macao Yearbook 2013Fulfilment of legislative and supervisory duties with thepassage of 16 billsDuring its third session, theLegislative Assembly held45 plenary meetings and104 committee meetings.The Government, led by theChief Executive, cooperatedextensively with the LegislativeAssembly to facilitate itsoperation by attending itsplenary and committeemeetings, as well as answeringlegislators’ questions.During the normal operationperiod of the third legislativesession (16 October 2011 to 31 August 2012) of Macao’s fourth Legislative Assembly, 16 bills,three resolutions and five simple-majority resolutions were passed. All the laws approved duringthe session were submitted by the Government. Particularly noteworthy among the bills were theone on the amendment to the method for selecting the Chief Executive, and one on the amendmentto the method for forming the Legislative Assembly, whose examination and passage by theLegislative Assembly led to the subsequent introduction, examination and passage of the bills on theamendment to the Chief Executive Electoral Law (Law no. 3/2004) and the Legislative AssemblyElectoral Law (Law no. 3/2001).Perform legislative and supervisory duties according to lawWith respect to its law-making function, the Legislative Assembly also passed, regarding the civilservice system, bills on the Adjustment on Salaries, Pensions and Gratuities of Public Servants andthe Additional Remuneration for Public Security Forces and Services; regarding environmentalprotection, bills on the Amendment to the Motor Vehicle Tax Regulations; regarding public order,the Law Governing Video Surveillance in Public Places; regarding people’s livelihoods, billson the Deposit Protection Scheme, Central Provident Fund Individual Accounts, the GeneralSystem for Legal Aid, and Conditions for Entering, Working and Gaming in Casinos; in supportof and to perfect existing systems, bills on the Amendment to the Appendix to the ConsumptionTax Regulations, the Framework for Private School Teaching Staff, the Amendment to Law no.10/2000 – the Commission Against Corruption of the Macao Special Administrative Region, andthe Amendment to the Code of Commercial Registration; and last but not least, the Amendment tothe Legal System of Copyright and Related Rights.In respect of its supervisory functions, the Legislative Assembly supervised the budget and publicfinances by exercising the powers enshrined in the Basic Law. Such tasks included scrutinisingand voting on the 2012 Government Budget, and preparing written advice and resolutions on the82

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012Government’s reports on budget implementation for 2010. In addition, the Follow-up Committeefor Public Finance Affairs received an explanation from the Secretary for Economy and Financein regard to interim report. During the normal operation period of the Legislative Assembly,legislators submitted 466 written and 49 oral questions to the Government, and held nine plenarymeetings for these enquiries. During the plenary meetings, legislators presented 224 pre-agendaspeeches, relating to politics, society, the economy, culture, administration and other matters ofpublic interest for Macao.Efficient and fair trials and stringent action in criminalprosecutionContinued increase in caseload at all tiers of the court systemand sharp rise in appeal casesIn 2012, caseloads at Macao’sthree tiers of the court systemcontinued to increase, reaching arecord high of 17,626 cases. Ofthese, 87 were filed with the Courtof Final Appeal, 1,057 with theCourt of Second Instance, 16,289with the Lower Court, and 193with the Administrative Court.The drastic rise in the numberof cases filed with the Court ofFinal Appeal and the Court ofSecond Instance indicates thatresidents were dissatisfied withthe administrative actions of government officials, and strongly sought review by the judiciary.The three-tier court system concluded 17,801 cases in 2012, of which 83 were concluded by theCourt of Final Appeal, with 10 more cases pending; 992 were concluded by the Court of SecondInstance, with 777 further cases pending; 16,471 were concluded by the Court of First Instance, with8,209 cases pending; and 255 were concluded by the Administrative Court, with 107 cases pending.Assistance in and processing of litigation involving foreignpartiesAs well as handling cases in Macao, the Court of Second Instance also has the power to reviewand endorse judgments made by courts or arbiters outside Macao. In 2012, some 36 cases wereheard and endorsed by the Collegial Panel, while one case was rejected. Countries and regionsinvolved in these cases, which deal with custody, inheritance and divorce, were mainland China,Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States, Australia, Canada and Cape Verde.83

Macao Yearbook 2013According to the Agreement on the Delivery of Judicial Writs and Evidence in Civil andCommercial Cases between Mainland and Macao SAR Courts, in 2012, the Court of Final Appealreceived 26 judicial writs from mainland China courts, and delivered 56 judicial writs to mainlandChina courts on behalf of courts in Macao.According to the Protocol on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons signed by the governmentsof Portugal and Macao, and the Arrangement between the Government of the Macao SpecialAdministration Region and the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region onthe Transfer of Sentenced Persons, the Examining Magistracy received and filed 16 transfer requestsfrom the Government in 2012, among which five were successful, all of them involving Hong Kong.Facilitate construction of the new office tower for judicialdepartmentsBecause of insufficient facilities, it had been necessary for the Court of First Instance and itsjudges to conduct court sessions and work in commercial premises. In December 2011 and August2012, accidents occurred at the offices used by the Lower Court and the Examining Magistracy,affecting the operation of the judiciary. To resolve these problems, the Chief Executive acceleratedconstruction of provisional facilities for the Lower Court and the Court of Final Appeal, and thecourts have also rented a number of floors in commercial buildings in view that a number of judgeshave been recruited to meet urgent needs. Other solutions will be adopted gradually to solve theseproblems entirely.In 2012, the Public Prosecutions Office steadfastly performed its duties according to the law,which included combating criminal activities, prosecuting criminal cases and ensuring publicsecurity. Adhering to the principles of independence, justice and impartiality, the courts madeadjustments and changes according to the political and economic conditions and the socialdevelopment of Macao, and continued to enhance the efficiency of court hearings.Public security safeguarded through criminal prosecutionsIn 2012, the total number of criminal cases filed and investigated by the Public Prosecutions Officeincreased by four percent compared with the figure in 2011, most of which were theft, robbery,damage to property, physical assaults, drug crimes, crimes against public security, organisedcrime, illegal behaviour resulting from traffic incidents, forgery, illegal acts by public servantsand computer crime.The number of serious crimes also showed a rising trend. For instance, the number of drugrelatedcrimes increased by 22 percent, the number of crimes against public security increased by20 percent, while the level of organised crime increased by 17 percent. Such increases also showthe complexity of the overall law and order situation in Macao. Among the cases of organised crimefiled, 41 were pandering and 16 were human trafficking. While boosting the growth of economy,the rapid development of the gaming industry has also brought uncertain factors to Macao, whichcould threaten local residents’ and visitors’ personal safety and properties. Over the past year, 99884

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012cases of traffic contraventions were filed, representing an increase of 11 percent, most of whichwere evasion of traffic accident liability, followed by drunk driving.Criminal investigation and litigationIn 2012, the Public Prosecutions Office filed 12,172 criminal cases, 438 more than in 2011,representing an increase of four percent. Among these cases, 752 were serious crimes filed andinvestigated by the special unit of the office, representing an increase of seven percent. Over theyear, the Public Prosecutions Office concluded 11,633 cases, a year-on-year increase of nine percent;and reinitiated 78 cases, a decrease of 11 percent compared with the level of the previous year.With regard to criminal investigation and legal proceedings, the Public Prosecutions Officeprosecuted 2,877 cases involving 3,810 crimes under ordinary procedures in 2012, representing ayear-on-year increase of nine percent. A total of 3,742 suspects were prosecuted, 266 of whom wereremanded in custody, and 4,914 were sentenced to direct or recommended enforcement measures.There were 1,291 special procedural actions taken directly or recommended by the PublicProsecutions Office, including detentions, searches and covert surveillance. Furthermore, the PublicProsecutions Office applied to have 940 cases heard with simplified proceedings. There were 8,559cases shelved due to insufficient evidence, after investigation by the Public Prosecutions Office,representing an increase of 10 percent.In processing cases involving juveniles under the minimum age of criminal liability, 16 yearsold, the Public Prosecutions Office filed 84 cases, and according to the law, referred 140 suspectsunder the age of 16 to the Lower Court for its further handling.Monitor law enforcement to safeguard legal rightsThe Public Prosecutions Office participated in 1,075 cases before the Court of Final Appeal andthe Court of Second Instance. These included criminal, civil and administrative cases, conflictsbetween jurisdictional and judicial power, and recognition of extra-jurisdictional verdicts. The officeissued 830 written opinions and attended 327 court hearings or consultation meetings. The PublicProsecutions Office initiated 824 administrative cases in the Lower Court, of which 78 involvedlabour contract disputes, 433 mediation cases involved employment-related injuries, accident andoccupation diseases, 75 procedural dossiers concerning investigation of family identity, and 170civil dossiers were initiated along with proceedings concerning parental rights, labour, prohibitedproducts and child custody. In its role as custodian of under-age citizens, the Public ProsecutionsOffice initiated 58 cases concerning proceedings on mandatory property inventories. In theimplementation of procedures, the Public Prosecutions Office initiated 363 applications concerningthe collection of litigation fees, and represented the Finance Services Bureau in one applicationdemanding settlement of unpaid taxes. The office received 288 applications for judicial assistance.The Public Prosecutions Office branch in the Administrative Court participated in the conclusionof 150 administrative actions which involved hearings about tax payments and administrationdisputes. The Public Prosecutions Office and the Office of the Prosecutor-General also offeredlegal inquiry services to a total of 8,700 citizens.85

Macao Yearbook 2013Fighting corruption and promoting probity, and adoptingnew technology to improve auditingIn 2012, the Commission AgainstCorruption (CCAC) maintainedits independence and continued todischarge its duties according tothe law while promoting probitythrough extensive publicity andeducational activities, in order toguide the creation of a system ofintegrity in the community.In 2012, the CCAC received852 complaints and filed 751cases for investigation, including297 criminal cases, of which198 were concluded. In regardto complaints to the ombudsman, 563 cases were concluded and filed. Additionally, the CCACreceived 1,231 inquiries of various kinds during the year, of which 645 were or involved criminalcases. There were 586 inquiries concerning complaints to the ombudsman.Regarding complaints to the ombudsman, the CCAC adopted various timely and efficientmeasures, of which the most frequent were the review of documents and the giving of direct advice,in order to settle problems and protect the legitimate rights of residents.In 2012, the CCAC organised 459 talks and seminars attended by 27,679 participants. Also,with the aim of entrenching a culture of probity in society, the CCAC educated the public on theimportance of probity through jointly organising activities with community groups and throughother channels.Spreading the anti-corruption message across the private sector was a major task of the CCACin 2012. As well as continuing to explain the law on the Prevention and Suppression of Briberyin the Private Sector to private institutions and organisations in different industries, the CCACalso published a book, jointly with the anti-corruption authorities of Guangdong and HongKong, entitled Legal Guide for SMEs in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao as a reference forcorruption prevention to anyone doing business in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, At thesame time, to celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2012, the CCAC organised a special seminar onintegrity management and corruption-free business practice, during which experts and scholarsfrom mainland China and other countries were invited to share their experience of corruptionprevention in the private sector.In 2012, the Commission of Audit released five audit reports: two performance audit reports,on the Disbursement of Sponsorships by the Macao Foundation to Local Organisations and theContinuing Education Development Plan respectively; two special audit reports, on the PreparatoryCommittee for the Participation of Macau in the Shanghai World Expo and the second phase of the86

Overview of the Macao Special Administrative Region in 2012LRT construction; and the audit report on the Government’s Public Accounts of 2011.The two performance audit reports on the Disbursement of Sponsorships by the Macao Foundationto Local Organisations and the Continuing Education Development Plan proposed that the authoritiesconcerned strengthen the management of subsidy disbursement and examine the use and effects ofthe relevant subsidies to ensure the proper use of public funds.The two special audit reports on the Preparatory Committee for the Participation of Macau inthe Shanghai World Expo and second phase of the LRT construction pointed out deficiencies bythe authorities concerned in estimating expenses and formulating budgets. The former report alsopointed out that the office concerned had not given any concluding statement about the overallfinancial status of the event upon its completion.In accordance with the requirements set out in the Rules for Formulation, Content and Compilationof the Budget of the Macao Special Administrative Region and the Rules for Formulation, Contentand Compilation of the General Account of the Macao Special Administrative Region (ExecutiveOrder No. 121/2011), and to support the introduction of computer-aided auditing, the Order ofCommissioner of Audit No. 2/2012 was announced in 2012 to enable better regulation of the annualaccounts submitted by the public departments. At the same time, to assist the public departmentswith submitting their annual accounts and required basic information, six briefing sessions wereorganised in November for the public departments/organisations to ensure that the auditing of 2012accounts was carried out in an orderly manner.87

Macao Yearbook 2013

POLITICAL SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATION

Political System and AdministrationPolitical StructureMacao People Governing Macao with a High Degree of AutonomyMacao became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China on20 December 1999. The MSAR’s constitutional document, the Basic Law of the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region, also came into force on the same day.The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region establishes, at the highest level oflegal authority, the guidelines and policies of the Central People’s Government regarding Macao.It stipulates the system to be practised in Macao, and lays down the political and administrativeframework of the MSAR for 50 years from 1999.The systems and policies of the MSAR – including its social and economic systems; safeguardsfor the fundamental rights and freedoms of its residents; the executive, legislature and judiciary;and Government policies – are all based on the provisions of the Basic Law.Under the Basic Law, the MSAR is entitled to a high degree of autonomy in all areas exceptdefence and foreign affairs. It enjoys executive autonomy, legislative autonomy, an independentjudiciary and the right to final adjudication. The executive and the legislature of the MSAR consistonly of permanent Macao residents. The MSAR maintains the status of free port and independenttariff region. It also maintains the free flow of capital and the freedom of operations of financialinstitutions. It may, under the name “Macao, China”, independently maintain, develop relationswith and sign agreements with various countries, regions and international organisations in fieldssuch as the economy, trade, finance, transportation, communications, tourism, culture and sports.The principles of “One country, two systems”, “Macao people governing Macao” and a highdegree of autonomy have passed their initial tests with flying colours, and are now broadly recognisedin Macao and infused into its social and political culture. Macao people governing Macao” meansthat the people of Macao are in charge of their own affairs. Macao’s Chief Executive, principalofficials, members of the Executive Council and the Legislative Assembly, the President of the Courtof Final Appeal and the Public Prosecutor-General shall be permanent residents, and some of thesepositions may only be assumed by permanent residents of Macao who are also Chinese citizens.“A high degree of autonomy” means that the National People’s Congress (NPC) authorisesthe MSAR to exercise a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the Basic Law, and thatthe Central People’s Government will not interfere in affairs that fall within the autonomy of theMSAR. The MSAR enjoys executive, legislative and independent judicial power and the powerof final adjudication, as well as other powers authorised by the NPC, the Standing Committee ofthe NPC and the Central People’s Government.However, a high degree of autonomy does not mean full autonomy. In order to maintain a unifiedChina and to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, the Central People’sGovernment retains certain essential powers – for example, the Central People’s Government isresponsible for the MSAR’s foreign affairs and defence.Chief ExecutiveThe Chief Executive is the head of the MSAR and is accountable to the Central People’s Government91

Macao Yearbook 2013and the MSAR.The Chief Executive is charged with the responsibility of leading the MSAR Government;implementing the Basic Law and other laws applicable to Macao; signing bills passed by theLegislative Assembly and promulgating laws; signing budgets passed by the Legislative Assemblyand reporting those budgets and final accounts to the Central People’s Government for therecord; making decisions on SAR Government policies and issuing executive orders; formulatingby-laws and promulgating them for implementation; nominating and reporting to the CentralPeople’s Government candidates for the posts of Secretaries, Commissioner Against Corruption,Commissioner of Audit, and leading officials of the Police and Macao Customs Service, andrecommending to the Central People’s Government the removal of the above officials; appointinga proportion of the members of the Legislative Assembly; appointing and removing members of theExecutive Council; nominating and reporting to the Central People’s Government the appointmentof the Public Prosecutor-General and recommending his or her removal; appointing or removingpresidents and judges of the courts at all levels, public prosecutors and civil servants; and, underparticular circumstances, dissolving the Legislative Assembly.The first and second Chief Executive of the MSAR was Edmund Ho Hau Wah. The third ChiefExecutive is Chui Sai On, currently serving his first term of office.The Executive CouncilThe Executive Council assists the Chief Executive in policymaking. Article 58 of the Basic Lawstipulates that, except for the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption ofemergency measures, the Chief Executive shall consult with the Executive Council before makingimportant policy decisions, introducing bills to the Legislative Assembly, formulating by-laws ordissolving the Legislative Assembly. If the Chief Executive does not accept a majority opinion ofthe Executive Council, the specific reasons should be put on record.Article 57 of the Basic Law stipulates that the Executive Council shall be composed of seven to11 Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the MSAR. The Chief Executive shall appointthem from among principal officials, members of the Legislative Assembly and other public figures.The Chief Executive shall decide the appointment or removal of Executive Council members. Theterm of office of members shall not last beyond that of the Chief Executive who appoints them, butthe members shall remain in place until the new Chief Executive takes office.Article 58 of the Basic Law stipulates that the Executive Council shall be presided over by theChief Executive and meet at least once a month. The proceedings of the Executive Council meetingsare confidential, but a spokesperson announces important decisions to the public. The ExecutiveCouncil held 39 formal meetings during 2012.The first and second Chief Executive Edmund Ho appointed 10 members to the ExecutiveCouncil in both his terms.The third Chief Executive Chui Sai On appointed 10 members to the Executive Council: oneSecretary, three Members of the Legislative Assembly and six public figures.92

Political System and AdministrationThe LegislatureAccording to the Basic Law, the MSAR enjoys legislative autonomy and the Legislative Assemblyis its sole legislature.The Macao SAR has full legislative autonomy, which embodies and guarantees Macao’s highdegree of autonomy. The legislative power of Macao is exercised solely by the Legislative Assembly.No other body or entity has legislative power. Laws formulated by the Legislative Assembly shallconform to the Basic Law.The Legislative Assembly exercises its legislative power and supervisory power under the BasicLaw and the Rules of Procedure of the Legislative Assembly.Legislative AuthorityThe term “legislative authority” broadly refers to the power to formulate general and abstract lawsthat are applicable to the MSAR and its residents. More specifically, the powers of the LegislativeAssembly include the right to make laws, the right to amend laws, the right to suspend the executionof laws, and the right to abolish laws.According to the Basic Law and the Rules of Procedure of the Legislative Assembly, LegislativeAssembly members and the Government have the right to introduce bills and propose amendments.The Government has exclusive sponsorship rights in the four following respects: electoral law for theLegislative Assembly, public income and expenditure, political structure and Government operation.Bills passed by the Legislative Assembly shall come into effect only after being signed andpromulgated by the Chief Executive.Supervisory Authority and Other ResponsibilitiesThe responsibilities of the Legislative Assembly include: examining and passing budgets introducedby the Government; examining the Government’s reports on budget implementation; deciding onGovernment motions on taxation; approving debts to be taken on by the Government; and debatingthe policy addresses of the Chief Executive.The term “issue of public interest” encompasses all aspects of Macao society; the LegislativeAssembly may hold meetings to discuss such issues, and may require relevant Government officialsto attend those meetings.The Legislative Assembly receives and handles residents’ complaints; it receives complaintsconcerning the existing legal system, but it does not directly handle individual cases or applicationsfor legal consultations.The Legislative Assembly also has the authority to impeach the Chief Executive. Members ofthe assembly may also address enquiries regarding the Government’s work.Composition and Term of Office of the Legislative AssemblyMembers of the Legislative Assembly shall be permanent residents of the MSAR. The majority of93

Macao Yearbook 2013them are elected and the term of office, except for the first term, is four years.The first Legislative Assembly of the MSAR had 23 members, eight of whom were electeddirectly, eight indirectly and seven appointed by the Chief Executive. Their term of office expiredon 15 October 2001. The second Legislative Assembly had 27 members, 10 of whom were electeddirectly, 10 indirectly and seven appointed by the Chief Executive. Their term expired in 2005.The third and the fourth Legislative Assembly likewise had 29 members, 12 of whom were electeddirectly, 10 indirectly and seven appointed by the Chief Executive. The fifth and the succeedingLegislative Assembly will have 33 members, 14 of whom are elected directly, 12 indirectly andseven appointed by the Chief Executive. However, the aforementioned does not apply to theamendments made through legal procedures to the method for forming the Legislative Assemblyof the Macao Special Administrative Region.The Legislative Assembly has one president and one vice president, elected by and from amongits members. The president and vice president shall be permanent Chinese residents who have livedcontinuously in Macao for at least 15 years.Structure and Operation of the Legislative AssemblyThe structure of the Legislative Assembly comprises the president, the Executive Board, theCommittee on Rules and Statutes, standing committees, follow-up committees and provisionalcommittees. The president represents the Legislative Assembly and leads and coordinates theassembly’s work. The president performs his or her duties in accordance with the Basic Law andthe Rules of Procedure of the Legislative Assembly.Each Legislative Assembly usually serves four sessions. Each session lasts one year, normallyfrom 16 October to 15 August of the following year. The Legislative Assembly uses Chinese andPortuguese, Macao’s two official languages.Organisation Chart of the Legislative AssemblyPresidentExecutive BoardCommitteeon Rulesand StatutesStandingCommitteesFollow-upCommitteesProvisionalCommittees94

Political System and AdministrationAdministrative Agencies and Technical Support OfficesThe administrative agencies of the Legislative Assembly include the president, the Executive Boardand the Administrative Committee, all of which are responsible for the administrative affairs ofthe Assembly.The Legislative Assembly’s technical support offices report directly to the Executive Board.If the term of the Legislative Assembly expires or if the Legislative Assembly is dissolved, theExecutive Board shall retain its responsibilities until the first meeting of the new LegislativeAssembly. The technical support offices, consisting of staff of the Legislative Assembly, are ledby the president and the Executive Board, and they report directly to the secretary-general. Thetechnical support offices are divided into sections to handle different portfolios and to provide theLegislative Assembly and its administrative agencies with technical and administrative support.The Legislative Assembly’s Public Feedback SystemThe Legislative Assembly has established a public feedback system to collect opinions, suggestionsand criticisms concerning legislation, Government activities, policies and other issues of publicinterest. The system also aims to explain the work of the Legislative Assembly and help citizensto exercise their rights to submit petitions and make complaints.Citizens may voice their opinions via the feedback system in person or by telephone, post, faxor e-mail. Public reception is available during normal hours of government service.In addition, legislators receive citizens by appointment from noon to 1.00pm on Mondays,Wednesdays, and Fridays. Legislators make themselves available according to a roster compiledby the Legislative Assembly.Electoral LawMacao’s electoral system is based on the Voter Registration Law (Law No. 12/2000 as amendedby the Law No. 9/2008) and the Legislative Assembly Election Law of the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region (Law No. 3/2001 as amended by the Law Nos. 11/2008 and 12/2012).The two laws govern both the direct and indirect elections of the Legislative Assembly, and theappointment of legislators as prescribed in Annex II (1) of the Basic Law.The Voter Registration Law contains 60 articles, which govern the voter registration proceduresfor natural persons and legal persons, whereas the Legislative Assembly Election Law contains 205articles, which govern the direct and indirect elections of members of the Legislative Assembly.Electoral System for the Legislative AssemblyUnder the Legislative Assembly Election Law, there are direct and indirect elections.In direct elections, any individual aged 18 years or older and who is a permanent resident of theMSAR may, after registration under the Voter Registration Law, vote for the 14 directly electedmembers of the Legislative Assembly.95

Macao Yearbook 2013In indirect elections, representatives of legal persons who are confirmed as members of therelevant sectors for at least four years may, after being registered with and given legal personalityby the Identification Services Bureau for at least seven years under the Voter Registration Law,vote for the 12 indirectly elected members of the Legislative Assembly.Under the two election systems, the method used for converting the number of votes into seats inthe Legislative Assembly is as follows: the first candidate on each list receives a quotient equal to thenumber of votes recorded for that list. The second candidate on each list receives a quotient equal tohalf the number of votes recorded for that list. The third candidate on each list receives a quotientequal to a quarter of the number of votes recorded for that list, and so on. Legislative Assemblyseats are then awarded to the candidates who, among all lists, have the highest quotients. As regardsthe assignment of the final seat: if two candidates from different lists have equal quotients, the seatshall be given to the candidate from the list that has yet to win a seat. If both lists have won oneor more seats, the seat shall be given to the list that received the most votes. If both lists have wonthe same number of votes, the winner of the seat shall be determined by the open drawing of lots.The Chief Executive shall appoint seven legislators to the Legislative Assembly within 15 daysof receiving the final verified results, as stipulated in Clause 2 of Article 133 of the LegislativeAssembly Election Law.Legislative Assembly Electoral Affairs CommissionThe Electoral Affairs Commission is responsible for promoting, coordinating and supervising theelections of the Legislative Assembly.The members of the Legislative Assembly Electoral Affairs Commission are appointed by theChief Executive. The commission has one chairman and four members, appointed from amongappropriately qualified citizens. The Public Administration and Civil Service Bureau providessupport to the commission.The JudiciaryThe courts of the MSAR have judicial autonomy. They are subordinate only to the law and areguaranteed to be free from any interference. The MSAR has a Court of First Instance, a Courtof Second Instance and a Court of Final Appeal. The power of final adjudication is vested in theCourt of Final Appeal.The Court of First Instance may, when necessary, establish special courts. The previous criminalprosecution system has been maintained since the establishment of the MSAR.The MSAR also has an Administrative Court, which is responsible for administrative and taxlitigation. Defendants and plaintiffs who find the ruling of this court unsatisfactory can file anappeal to the Court of Second Instance.Judges at all levels are appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of anindependent commission composed of local judges, lawyers and prominent members of thecommunity. The Chief Executive appoints the presidents of the courts from among the judges.96

Political System and AdministrationThe President of the Court of Final Appeal shall be a Chinese citizen who is a permanent residentof the MSAR. Any appointment or removal of the President of the Court of Final Appeal shall bereported to the Standing Committee of the NPC for the record.The Public Prosecutions Office is independent and free from interference, as defined by law.The Public Prosecutor-General shall be a Chinese citizen who is a permanent resident of theMSAR. He or she shall be nominated by the Chief Executive and appointed by the Central People’sGovernment. Other public prosecutors shall be nominated by the Public Prosecutor-Generaland appointed by the Chief Executive. The structure, powers, functions and remit of the PublicProsecutions Office are prescribed by law.Relationship between the MSAR and the Central People’sGovernmentThe MSAR is a local administrative region with a high degree of autonomy under the CentralPeople’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. No department, province, autonomousregion or municipality under the Central People’s Government may interfere in the MSAR’sinternal affairs as specified in the Basic Law. Any person from another province, autonomousregion or municipality must apply for an entry permit to enter Macao. If there is a need for centralgovernment departments, provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities to set up an office inMacao, they must obtain the consent of the MSAR Government and the approval of the CentralPeople’s Government.The Central People’s Government is responsible for the MSAR’s defence and foreign affairs.However, it authorises the MSAR to conduct certain external affairs on its own, under the nameof “Macao, China”. The Central People’s Government appoints and removes the Chief Executive,principal officials and the Public Prosecutor-General.Laws enacted by the legislature of the MSAR must be reported to the Standing Committee ofthe NPC for the record. However, such reporting shall not affect the entry into force of such laws.National laws shall not be applied in the MSAR except the following, which shall be promulgatedor legislated by the MSAR.The national laws applicable in the MSAR by the end of 2012 were:- Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem and National Flag of the People’sRepublic of China;- Resolution on the National Day of the People’s Republic of China;- Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China;- Regulations of the People’s Republic of China Concerning Diplomatic Privileges andImmunities;- Regulations of the People’s Republic of China Concerning Consular Privileges andImmunities;- Law of the People’s Republic of China on the National Flag;97

Macao Yearbook 2013- Law of the People’s Republic of China on the National Emblem;- Law of the People’s Republic of China on Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone;- Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the ContinentalShelf;- Garrison Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic ofChina; and- Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Immunity of the Property of Foreign CentralBanks from Judicial Compulsory Measures.The MSAR has no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defence and foreign affairs.Chinese citizens who are residents of the MSAR are entitled to participate in the managementof state affairs according to law.Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the MSARAs a working agency stationed in Macao by the Central People’s Government, the Liaison Office ofthe Central People’s Government in the MSAR shall, in the light of the principles of “One country,two systems” and “Macao people governing Macao”, support the SAR Government in administrationin line with the Basic Law, and be responsible for liaison between mainland China and Macao.The liaison office is responsible for contacting the MSAR Commission of the Ministry ofForeign Affairs of the PRC and the People’s Liberation Army Macao Garrison; contacting andassisting mainland China authorities in managing mainland Chinese-funded organisations inMacao; promoting social and economic exchanges and cooperation between mainland China andMacao; reporting to the Central People’s Government the opinions of Macao people about mainlandChina; handling Taiwan-related affairs in the MSAR; and handling any other matters assigned bythe Central People’s Government.In addition, the liaison office shall, through various channels, promote ties with all socialsegments in Macao, pay attention to development and stability issues, and provide assistancewherever necessary.Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of thePeople’s Republic of China in the Macao Special AdministrativeRegionUnder the Basic Law, the Central People’s Government is responsible for handling foreign affairsrelated to the MSAR. To this end, the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairsof the People’s Republic of China in the MSAR was established on 20 December 1999.The duties of the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC inthe MSAR are:1. Handling foreign affairs issues related to the MSAR that are the responsibilities of the98

Political System and AdministrationCentral People’s Government;2. Handling and coordinating affairs related to the MSAR’s participation in internationalorganisations and conferences; issues concerning international organisations and associationsthat establish branch offices in the MSAR; and matters related to inter-governmentalconferences to be held in the MSAR;3. Handling matters concerning the application of international treaties in the MSAR;and assisting with issues concerning the Central People’s Government’s processing ofauthorisation for the MSAR Government to negotiate bilateral agreements with foreigncountries;4. Coordinating and handling issues related to the establishment of foreign consular bodies,or other official and semi-official organisations in the MSAR, and dealing with relevantconsular affairs; and5. Handling any other responsibilities assigned to it by the Central People’s Government andthe Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The People’s Liberation Army Macao GarrisonThe People’s Liberation Army Macao Garrison took up its role in Macao on 20 December 1999with the establishment of the MSAR.According to the Garrison Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’sRepublic of China, the Macao garrison is responsible for the defence of Macao without interfering inthe local affairs of the MSAR. The MSAR Government may, if necessary, ask the Central People’sGovernment for assistance from the Macao garrison in maintaining social order and relievingnatural disasters. The Macao garrison has strictly observed the Basic Law and the Garrison Law,loyally fulfilled its duty, strengthened exchanges with various sectors of Macao society, and activelyparticipated in charitable activities.Executive StructureThe MSAR Government is the executive authority of the MSAR. The Chief Executive is the headof the Government, supported by secretariats, bureaux, departments and divisions.Secretariats: there are five secretariats in the Government, namely the Secretariat forAdministration and Justice, the Secretariat for Economy and Finance, the Secretariat for Security,the Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture, and the Secretariat for Transport and Public Works.Each is headed by a secretary. The secretaries, in the above order of seniority, stand in for the ChiefExecutive when the Chief Executive is unable to perform his or her duties.Bureaux: units directly under the secretariats, performing designated functions.Departments: units affiliated to the bureaux, responsible for establishing operational procedures.Divisions: units affiliated to the bureaux or departments, responsible for operational duties.99

Macao Yearbook 2013In addition, the Government structure includes affiliated units, such as teams and sections.The principal officials of the Government are the secretaries, the Commissioner AgainstCorruption, the Commissioner of Audit, and leading police and customs service officials. Principalofficials of the MSAR shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of Macao and whohave ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of not less than 15 years.The Government is responsible for formulating and implementing policies; conductingadministrative affairs; managing external relations as authorised by the Central People’s Governmentunder the Basic Law; drawing up and introducing budgets and final accounts; introducing billsand motions and drafting by-laws; and designating officials to attend meetings of the LegislativeAssembly to listen to opinions or to speak on behalf of the Government.The Government must abide by the law and be accountable to the Legislative Assembly;implement laws passed by the Legislative Assembly and already in force; present policy addressesregularly to the Legislative Assembly; and answer questions raised by members of the LegislativeAssembly.Secretary for Administration and JusticeThe Secretary for Administration and Justice holds authority in areas including: public administration;civil affairs; legal translation and promotion; legislative affairs and legal administration; the socialrehabilitation of discharged prisoners; civil and criminal records; regulation of the registration andnotarisation system; and publication of the Macao SAR Gazette.In 2012, the Secretary for Administration and Justice attended the 17th EC-Macao JointCommittee Meeting in Brussels; and signed on behalf of the MSAR Government the Agreementbetween the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic ofChina and the Government of the Republic of Serbia on Mutual Abolition of Visa Requirements,and the Agreement between the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of thePeople’s Republic of China and the Government of the Russian Federation on Mutual Exemptionof Visa Requirements.Secretary for Economy and FinanceThe Secretary for Economy and Finance is responsible for the Government budget; supervision ofindustry, commerce and gaming; offshore businesses (except those under the jurisdiction of othersecretaries); the currency, foreign exchange and monetary system (including the insurance sector);administration of public finances and the tax system; statistical data; labour and employment;vocational training; and consumer rights protection.In 2012, the Secretary for Economy and Finance paid visits to various countries including theUnited Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, Portugal, Angola, Italy, France, Switzerland, Jamaicaand Canada. The Secretary for Economy and Finance signed on behalf of the Government theAgreement between the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’sRepublic of China and the Government of the Republic of India for the Exchange of Information withRespect to Taxes and the Agreement between the Government of the Macao Special Administrative100

Political System and AdministrationRegion of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of Jamaica for the Exchange ofInformation Relating to Taxes.Secretary for SecurityThe Secretary for Security holds authority over the internal security of the SAR; criminalinvestigation; immigration control; supervision of maritime traffic and the application of penaltyprovisions; civil protection; coordination and management of the prison system; and customs affairsas defined in Law No. 11/2001.Secretary for Social Affairs and CultureThe Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture is responsible for education, health, social affairs,culture, tourism, sport, youth affairs and social security.In 2012, the Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture visited Malaysia, the United Kingdomand Portugal, to attend the opening ceremony of the Macao Gallery in Malacca established by theGovernment, the 30th Olympic Games, and activities in the 2012 China-EU Year of InterculturalDialogue including concert performances by Macao orchestras in Guimaraes. Agreements signedincluded the Cooperation Agreement on Joint Promotion of Projects for the Disabled and theEducation Exchange and Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Education of the People’sRepublic of China and the Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture of the Macao SAR Government.Secretary for Transport and Public WorksThe Secretary for Transport and Public Works is responsible for land regulation; traffic management;aviation and port affairs; infrastructure and public projects; transport and communication;environmental protection; Home-Ownership Scheme housing and public housing; and meteorology.In 2012, the Secretary for Transport and Public Works led a delegation to Japan for exchangeswith local light rail operation companies and observed their production, maintenance, monitoring andmanagement work; and visited Guangzhou to attend the Guangdong-Macao Conference on WaterSupplies and the third leading group meeting on the new cross-border route between Guangdongand Macao. Agreements signed included the Framework Agreement for Cooperation on the NewBorder Crossing between Guangdong and Macao, and the Contract on Lease of State-owned Landfor Construction.Commission Against CorruptionThe Commission Against Corruption functions independently. The Commissioner AgainstCorruption shall be appointed by the Central People’s Government on the nomination of the ChiefExecutive. The commissioner is accountable to the Chief Executive.The Commission Against Corruption is responsible for tackling corruption and fraud. Itinvestigates, in accordance with the law, corruption and fraud among civil servants and amongindividuals involved in voter registration and elections. It also promotes the protection of human101

Macao Yearbook 2013rights, freedom, legal guarantees, and legitimate rights and interests, and aims to ensure the justice,legitimacy and efficiency of public administration, and investigates corruption in the private sectorin accordance with the law.In 2012, the Commissioner Against Corruption attended the Board of Directors’ Meeting of theInternational Ombudsman Institute (IOI), the Board of Director’s Meeting of the Asian OmbudsmanAssociation (AOA), the 4th Seminar and the 6th Annual Conference and General Meeting of theInternational Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities (IAACA), the 17th Steering Group Meetingand Regional Seminar of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific, andthe 10th International Ombudsman Institute (IOI) World Conference.Commission of AuditThe Commission of Audit has been set up in accordance with the Basic Law. It functionsindependently and is not subject to interference. The Commissioner of Audit is accountable to theChief Executive.The major duties of the Commission of Audit are to monitor the implementation of theGovernment budget; to compile an audit report on the overall Government accounts; to monitorthe implementation of target departments’ budget and the final accounts, as well as the managementand expenditure of capital not included in the budget, together with assessing everything includingassets, debts, profits, losses, and accounts, and verifying that all public expenditure is accordingto the proper purview of audit; and to conduct “value-for-money” assessments, through reviewingefficiency and cost-effectiveness.The following bodies are subject to audit: (1) Those deriving over half their income from theGovernment; (2) Those with less than half their income from the Government, but subject to auditby written consent.For public interest, the Chief Executive can issue a written authorisation to the Commissionerof Audit to audit and inspect any person of interest.In 2012, the Commissioner of Audit attended the 12th Annual Meeting of the Asian Organizationof Supreme Audit Institutions (ASOSAI) and the 7th annual meeting of the Organization of SupremeAudit Institutions of Portuguese Speaking Countries.Unitary Police ServiceThe Unitary Police Service is part of Macao’s internal security system, and it is responsible for thecoordination of Macao’s security affairs. It commands and leads police units that now include thePublic Security Police and Judiciary Police.The Commissioner-General is the head of the Unitary Police Service, and he or she is appointedby the Central People’s Government on the nomination of the Chief Executive, to whom he or shereports. However, this shall not affect the supervisory power of the Secretary for Security grantedthrough by-laws.In 2012, the Commissioner-General attended the 81st INTERPOL General Assembly.102

Political System and AdministrationMacao Customs ServiceThe Macao Customs Service (Macao Customs) has been established in accordance with theBasic Law. It is a public body with administrative autonomy, which is responsible for directing,implementing and supervising customs policies, as well as conducting policing functions such ascustoms administration and supervision (as specified in Article 1 of Law No. 11/2001). The headof the Macao Customs, the Director-General, is appointed by the Central People’s Government onthe nomination of the Chief Executive, to whom he or she reports. However, this shall not affectthe supervisory power of the Secretary for Security granted through by-laws (as specified in Clause6 of Article 50 in the Basic Law and Article 6 of Law No. 11/2001).Office of the Government SpokespersonThe Office of the Government Spokesperson is responsible for formulating information strategiesand coordinating their implementation; ensuring government communications are coherent andefficient; and fostering the Government’s relations with the media and the public, in accordancewith the Government’s policies, measures and work.The Office of the Government Spokesperson reports directly to the Chief Executive andoperates according to the Chief Executive’s guidelines. The office collaborates with the GovernmentInformation Bureau when initiating activities. The office is run by a government spokesperson anda deputy government spokesperson.Policy Research Office of the MSAR GovernmentThe Policy Research Office is responsible for carrying out research and related work onpolitical, legal, economic, social, and cultural issues; assessing, formulating, and followingup public policies, development plans and administrative agendas; and providing technical andorganisational support to the Chief Executive, with the aim of realising democratic, scientificand highly-efficient policy-making.Office of the Macao Special Administrative Region in BeijingThe Office of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing reports directly to the ChiefExecutive, and it represents the MSAR in Beijing with administrative autonomy.In 2012, the Office of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing participated in the18th China Lanzhou Investment and Trade Fair to promote and expand publicity regarding Macao’sculture and tourism; co-organised with the Hong Kong and Macao Research Center of PekingUniversity and the Hong Kong and Macao Research Center of Tsinghua University an academicseminar on the constitutional development and legal reform of the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion; and co-organised with the Beijing office of the Air Macau Company a promotional eventin Beijing introducing Macao’s tourism products to the governments, travel agencies and dealersin Beijing, Tianjing, and Hebei.103

Macao Yearbook 2013In 2012, the office assisted liaisons between the MSAR Government and mainland Chinaauthorities, and liaisons between enterprises and organisations in Macao and mainland China, toseek opportunities for mutually beneficial development; and assisted Macao and mainland Chinaresidents with solving disputes and difficulties faced in investing, living, studying, and travellingin unfamiliar places. During the year, over 10 organisations from Macao and mainland Chinavisited the office.In 2012, the office promoted Macao culture and tourism and released news stories via the Internet,showcasing Macao’s current situation, establishing an effective communication and interactiveplatform for the public, and allowing more mainland China and overseas people to get to knowand understand Macao. The office opened official accounts on Internet media such as Sina.comand People.com; its Weibo account on Sina.com (http://weibo.com/draemp) attracted more than170,000 followers.Macao Economic and Trade Office in LisbonThe Macao Economic and Trade Office in Lisbon, which represents and supports the MSAR inPortugal and has administrative autonomy, is responsible for safeguarding the MSAR’s interestsin Portugal.In 2012, the office prepared and followed up on work related to the Secretary for Social Affairsand Culture, former Chief Executive Edmund Ho Hau Wah and staff of the Chief Executive Office’sparticipation in the meeting of the Macao-Portugal Joint Committee, and the Hong Kong and MacaoAffairs Office of Guangdong’s visit to Portugal. The office also provided assistance to the MacaoTrade and Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM) and the delegation of the Forum for Economicand Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries, and followed up onand assisted visits to Portugal by delegations from the Macao Polytechnic Institute, the TertiaryEducation Services Office, City University of Macau Foundation, the 4th Judicial Training Course,the third Chinese-Portuguese Translation and Interpretation Training Programme, Macao ChineseOrchestra, the Cultural Affairs Bureau, and the Social Welfare Bureau.The office participated in the executive committee meeting of the Union of Portuguese-speakingCapital Cities (UCCLA), the technical meeting themed “UCCLA City Defence”, and the technicalmeeting themed “Protecting and Promoting the Value of the Historic Centre of Macao”.The office also organised multiple art exhibitions, conferences, introductions to books, andactivities on new releases of materials related to Macao.Macao Economic and Trade Office to the European UnionBased in Brussels, the Macao Economic and Trade Office to the European Union represents theMSAR, has administrative autonomy, and assists the Chief Executive with economic and tradeliaison and cooperation between the MSAR, the EU and related organisations.In 2012, the office provided assistance to Macao Customs, translators receiving practical trainingin Brussels and Macao graduates visiting Europe, and offered technical and logistic support to the17th meeting of the EU-Macao Joint Committee.104

Political System and AdministrationMacao Economic and Trade Office to the World Trade OrganizationBased in Geneva, Switzerland, the Macao Economic and Trade Office to the World TradeOrganization (WTO) represents the MSAR, promotes and handles economic and trade relationsand cooperation between the MSAR and WTO members.In 2012, the office received a Health Bureau delegation participating in the annual World HealthAssembly, and SAR delegations attending the annual conference of the International LabourOrganization and the meeting of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons withDisabilities (CRPD).Macao’s Economic and Cultural Office in TaiwanMacao’s Economic and Cultural Office in Taiwan provides comprehensive services for Macaocitizens working, studying, travelling, doing business or living in Taiwan; promote economic, trade,cultural, education, health, social services exchange and cooperation between Macao and Taiwan;and enhance crime fighting and judicial support.Municipal ServicesThe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (IACM) carries out the functions of now defunct municipalbodies that formerly provided cultural, recreational, and environmental hygiene services. It hasalso taken on responsibility for affairs concerning people’s livelihoods and the living environment;formulating and organising civic education activities; assisting non-governmental organisationsand developing community spirit. It resolves practical problems encountered by Macao residentsby receiving and handling their requests and complaints concerning their daily lives.The IACM is composed of an Administration Committee, a Consultative Committee and aSupervisory Committee. The Administration Committee is an executive body that supervisessubordinate departments of the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau. It holds regular closed meetingsto deal with relevant issues. The committee arranges public sessions every month to listen directlyto citizens’ suggestions, opinions or criticisms.The Macao FoundationThe Macao Foundation’s goal is to promote, develop and implement research relating to Macao’scultural, social, economic, educational, scientific, academic and philanthropic activities, includingactivities aimed at promoting Macao.Subsidies and Charity WorkIn 2012, the Macao Foundation approved 776 sponsorship applications, totalling 854 millionpatacas. Most subsidies (43.36 percent) were given to the social sector.The Macao Foundation continued to cooperate with local social services groups and organisations105

Macao Yearbook 2013during the Chinese New Year and the Mid Autumn Festival, to distribute Macao Foundation BlessingPacks, and visited grassroots services and social services groups to understand their operationalneeds.The foundation followed up on recommendations in the value-for-money audit report on thedisbursement of sponsorships by the Macao Foundation to local organisations, and held numerousseminars to consult various sectors on the new format of the grant application form. The grantapplication, evaluation and follow up process also underwent significant improvements, includingas a result of a study on the system for evaluating grant applications and the electronic system forfund-raising, facilitating further progress with the system for granting funds.The foundation cooperated with local art groups, Caritas Macau, and the China Soong ChingLing Foundation to launch a project focusing on public charity.Youth Work and ScholarshipsThe foundation granted scholarships to 340 Macao, foreign and mainland China students enrolledin Macao’s tertiary education programmes in 2012, including 40 students who benefited from theSpecial Scholarship Scheme that is solely operated by the foundation.In 2012, the Macao Foundation strengthened its engagement and participation in the youthsector. The foundation cooperated with the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, theLiaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the Macao SAR, the Union of Associations ofProfessional Accountants of Macau, Teledifusão de Macau, China Space Foundation, and FundaçãoSerralves de Portugal to develop cultural exchange projects.Academic Research and PublishingThe Macao Foundation organised numerous academic seminars including the “Macau: Past andPresent” international academic conference, the Third International Conference on Macaology, theSecond Forum of Portuguese-speaking Countries and Regional Higher Education Management,and Prospects of Chinese Literature in the World - China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and atraining program in Nanjing for Macao social science scholars.The foundation also commenced work on compiling of the Macao Volume of the Chinese Folkand Ethnic Culture and Arts Collection, and edited and reprinted 45 books and academic journals.The foundation participated in book fairs in Taipei, Yinchuan and Hong Kong, and donated a totalof 1,783 foundation publications to 48 basic and higher education organisations.Organising Cultural ActivitiesIn 2012, the Macao Foundation organised and co-organised over 28 exhibitions, performances andarts appreciation events; and launched the Scheme of Work for Writer-in-Residence in Literatureand Art Fields in cooperation with the University of Macau.106

Political System and AdministrationExternal CooperationThe three Sichuan earthquake post-disaster reconstruction projects supported by the MacaoFoundation – reconstruction of Qing Cheng Shan Temple ancient architectural complex, theBeichuan Qiang Folk Museum and the Sanxingdui Ruins Museum – were completed in 2012.In 2012, the foundation made donations to support the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for CulturalHeritage Conservation, organised participation by Macao students in the UNESCO Children’sPerforming Arts Festival of East Asia in Ulaanbaatar of Mongolia, and nominated the works offour local artists for an exhibition at Olympic Fine Arts 2012, London.As a founding member of the Boao Forum for Asia, the Macao Foundation sent a delegation toparticipate in the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2012 and the 2012 Education Forumfor Asia Annual Conference.Through the China Association of Inventions, the foundation awarded the Macao FoundationInvention Prize to Jwo Hwu Yi and colleagues of the Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences ofTaiwan for their project, which seeks a solution to maintain the normal operation of wind turbinesduring strong winds, at the Seventh International Exhibition of Inventions.Office for Personal Data ProtectionThe Office for Personal Data Protection operates independently under the supervision of the ChiefExecutive. Its responsibilities are to monitor and coordinate the enforcement and implementationof the Personal Data Protection Act, to formulate confidentiality rules for personal data, and tomonitor how the act is put into practice.In 2012, the office received 118 complaints regarding, or reports of, leaks or mishandling ofpersonal data; 40 requests for advice; 291 notifications concerning personal data processing; 25applications for authorisation of data sharing; and 990 legal inquiries. The office held or co-organised30 briefing sessions, four seminars, and 45 training courses on the Personal Data Protection Act.In all, there were 3,780 attendees.Civil Service SystemThe general eligibility requirements for civil servants are that they should be permanent residentsof the MSAR (junior civil servants are exempt from this requirement), aged between 18 and 64;should possess relevant educational qualifications or work experience and be capable of performingthe roles required; have no criminal record or other conditions as laid down by law that wouldrender a person inappropriate for the post or job concerned on a full-time or part-time basis; andbe of sound health and mind.Civil servants are recruited either by appointment or on contract terms. The promotion andrelocation of civil servants are prescribed by law. Civil servants who breach disciplinary rules maybe sanctioned by written warning, fine, suspension, forced retirement or dismissal.Concerning the continued service, appointment and employment of civil servants, under Articles107

Macao Yearbook 201398 and 99 of the Basic Law, Macao’s serving civil servants, including the police and supportingmembers of the judiciary, remained in employment after the establishment of the MSAR. They mayremain in the civil service and retain their seniority with pay, allowances, benefits and conditionsof service no less favourable than before. The Government shall pay such civil servants, or theirdependents, all pensions and allowances due to them on terms no less favourable than before, andirrespective of their nationality or place of residence.The Government may employ Portuguese and other foreign nationals previously employed in thecivil service who are permanent residents of the MSAR to serve as public officials in governmentdepartments at all levels, unless otherwise prohibited by the Basic Law. The Government mayalso employ Portuguese and other foreign nationals as advisers or to fill professional and technicalposts. These persons shall be employed only in their individual capacities and shall be responsibleonly to the Government.At the end of 2012, Macao had 26,943 civil servants (excluding 32 people recruited throughthe outsourcing contract system and labour provision contracts) of whom 26,751 were recruitedlocally and 192 from elsewhere. Of this total, 58 percent were male and 42 percent female. Therewere 15,989 civil servants with tertiary education qualifications, representing 59.3 percent of thetotal; 691 of the bureau directors, department heads, division and section chiefs – 90.6 percent ofthe total – held tertiary education qualifications.Improving Public ServicesTo enhance the operations and services of public departments and uphold the “Putting peoplefirst” service spirit, the first Government Service Quality Award presentation ceremony was heldin October 2012.The continued development of the Government Integrated Service Centre included the addition ofdedicated service zones to provide services on traffic affairs, investments, public works, employment,social security, public notary service, education, telecommunications, retirement and pension affairsfor civil servants, leisure and sports, cadastre, applications for importing foreign domestic helpersand environmental protection.Strengthen Human-based Management and CohesionThe Government promotes the culture of lifelong learning and self-learning among civil servantsto improve individuals and promote public administration reform. The Civil Servant CreativityScheme and Civil Servant Book-Reading Essay Competition continued in 2012.E-GovernanceThe Government continues to promote scientific management to align with the ongoing publicadministration reform. From planning, information infrastructure, management and digitisingservices, the Government intensifies the development of electronic administration to improveefficiency, transparency and effectiveness, thus offering faster and more convenient public services.108

Political System and AdministrationIn 2012, the 2013-2014 e-Governance Development Plan was formulated as a blueprint fordeveloping the basis of reforming public services, procedural reform and human resourcesmanagement. It aims to promote the development and application of e-governance as a basis forlong-term development in corporate structure and standards, document management, proceduralmanagement, knowledge management and centralised human resources management. A planhas been devised for the new generation of the government portal website and developmentof the electronic information kiosk as an interactive platform for disseminating governmentinformation.The information facilities hosting service and the disaster recovery application of the GovernmentCentral Data Centre continued to be expanded to improve security and share the benefits ofinformation management. To date, there are 23 government departments using the various hostingservices offered by the centre, which also cooperates with seven departments to construct amechanism for information system disaster recovery, assist in handling information failure incidents,and maintain normal operations of public services.The overall system analysis and design of the e-governance application platform has beencompleted. The workflow involves applications, processing, approvals and filing. The sharedcomponents are analysed and developed to assist with the future development and application ofdifferent working procedures.The integrated solutions for electronic identification have been completed. These combineelectronic certificates, smart identity card and ePass, allowing various departments to launch morepublic e-services and enabling the public to access relevant services more safely and conveniently.In 2012, the electronic information kiosk for self-service voter registration was introduced, enablingqualified citizens to register as voters at any time that is convenient to them.Training of Civil ServantsThe objective of establishing the Civil Servant Training Centre under the Public Administration andCivil Service Bureau is to build up a team of high-quality civil servants by consolidating trainingresources, strengthening coordination and planning, and building a more systematic programmeframework according to the development of civil service grades and duties. Civil servant trainingcomprises compulsory and elective courses.In line with the training requirements for promotion in the Rank and Grade System for CivilServants, the Government has included training as an important condition for civil servantpromotion. Training for promotion is divided into two types: lecture-based training courses andtargeted training courses.Official LanguagesIn accordance with Article 9 of the Basic Law, in addition to the Chinese language, Portuguese mayalso be used as an official language by the executive authorities, the legislature and the judiciaryof the MSAR.109

Macao Yearbook 2013Award of Decorations, Medals and Merit CertificatesTo commend individuals and organisations for their outstanding performance – in terms of personalachievements, contributions to the community or service to the MSAR – Chief Executive EdmundHo in November 2001 promulgated By-law No. 28/2001, which established rules for awardingdecorations, medals and merit certificates to them. It stipulated four categories of decorations andmerit certificates in the MSAR: the Decoration of Honour, Medal of Merit, Medal for DistinguishedServices and Certificate of Merit.As of 2012, the Chief Executive signed administrative orders to award decorations and certificatesto 12 batches of individuals and entities.Flag and Emblem of the MSARThe flag of the MSAR has identical patterns and colours on both sides, with the five stars, lotusflower, bridge and seawater design on the front and back. The rectangular flag has a green backgroundand a 3:2 length-height ratio. A white, three-petal lotus flower is in the centre of the flag. Fivegolden stars, including a larger one in the middle, form an arch over the lotus flower. Below thelotus flower, a white bridge and seawater are represented as green and white stripes (See AppendixII of Law No. 6/1999).The Flag of the MSARThe circular MSAR emblem consists of a narrow green border, a ring of characters on a whitebackground, a green inner circle and elements including stars, a lotus flower, a bridge and seawater.The outer ring of characters lies between the narrow green border and the green inner circle. Inthe upper half of the ring of characters, 14 Traditional Chinese characters meaning “The MacaoSpecial Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China” are set in a standard traditionalfont, evenly distributed along the width of the arch. The lower portion of each character points tothe centre of the emblem. In the lower half of the ring of characters, the Portuguese word “Macau”110

Political System and Administrationis printed in a standard font. The letters are evenly spaced, with the upper portion of each letterpointing to the centre of the emblem. Both the Chinese and Portuguese characters are distributedsymmetrically on opposite sides of a vertical axis through the emblem. A white lotus flower withthree petals is in the centre of the green inner circle. Above the lotus flower, five golden stars, ofwhich the middle one is largest, radiate from the centre of the emblem. The lower points of thestars are directed at the centre of the emblem. Below the lotus flower, a white bridge and seawaterare represented as green and white stripes.The Emblem of the MSAR111

Macao Yearbook 2013Office for Personal DataProtectionOffice of the GovernmentSpokespersonPolicy Research Officeof theMSAR GovernmentProtocol, PublicRelations andExternal Affairs OfficeMacao FoundationScience andTechnologyDevelopment FundMacao Economic andTrade Office to theEuropean UnionIn BrusseisMacao Economic andTrade Office in LisbonOffice of the MacaoSpecial AdministrativeRegion in BeijingMacao Economic andTrade Office to the WorldTrade OrganizationMacao’s Economicand Cultural Officein TaiwanSecretariat forAdministration and JusticeOffice of the Secretary forAdministration and JusticeIdentification BureauPrinting BureauLaw Reform andInternational Law BureauPension FundSecretariat forEconomy and FinanceOffice of the Secretary forEconomy and FinanceMacao EconomicServicesStatistics and CensusBureauSupporting Office to theSecretariat of China andPortuguese - speakingCountries EconomicCooperation Forum(Macao)HumanResources OfficeMacao Trade andInvestment PromotionInstituteMacao MonetaryAuthoritySecretariat forSecurityOffice of the Secretaryfor SecurityPublic Security ForcesAffairs BureauPublic SecurityPolice ForceFire Services BureauAcademy of PublicSecurity ForcesSecretariat for SocialAffairs and CultureOffice of the Secretaryfor Social Affairsand CultureMacau GovernmentTourist OfficeSocial WelfareBureauSocial Security FundTourism CrisisManagement OfficeMacau Tourism Promotionand Information Centerin PortugalSecretariat for Transportand Public WorksOffice of the Secretaryfor Transport andPublic WorksMarine andWater BureauTransport BureauEnvironmentalProtection BureauInfrastructureDevelopment OfficeEnergy SectorDevelopment OfficeTransportationInfrastructure Office112

Political System and AdministrationMacao Government HeadquartersThe Macao SAR Government Headquarterscomprises three buildings and a garden.The front block is for the Chief Executiveand the Secretaries to meet visiting guestsand hold other activities. On the ground floor,it houses the Executive Council chamber, amulti-functional meeting room, and the LotusChamber. The office of the Chief Executiveis on the first floor, together with the GreenChamber, the Yellow Chamber and the BlueChamber, which are for greeting guestsand holding meetings and banquets. Themiddle block is the Government Headquartersoffice building, while the rear block is theadministration building.First built in 1849, the Macao GovernmentHeadquarters was formerly the office of thegovernor and top officials of the Portugueseadministration. After the establishment ofthe SAR Government, the buildings wererenovated, and since 2001 the headquartershas been open to the public and tourists on itsannual open day.113

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Macao Yearbook 2013

THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE JUDICIARY

The Legal System and the JudiciaryThe Legal System and the JudiciaryMacao’s legal system is founded on a strong tradition of adherence to the rule of law and judicialindependence. Under the principle of “One country, two systems”, the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion has retained its pre-Handover legal system based on Continental European law. Judgingby the actual situation, Macao’s former legal system has come largely intact through the periodfollowing the establishment of the MSAR. The rule of law, human rights and judicial independenceare fully guaranteed on paper and in practice.Pre-Handover Laws Remain Largely UnchangedAlmost all the laws, decrees, by-laws and other regulatory documents enacted in Macao before 20December 1999 remain in effect. Only laws or portions of laws that conflicted with the Basic Lawof the Macao SAR were repealed. The principle that pre-Handover laws should remain essentiallyunchanged has been incorporated to ensure Macao’s steady and sustained development.Five resolutions and four annexes regarding the treatment of Macao’s original laws were passedin accordance with the Basic Law at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th NationalPeople’s Congress, which opened on 31 October 1999.The resolutions resulted in the scrapping of 12 pre-Handover laws, decrees and regulatorydocuments that were found to conflict with the Basic Law. Three more laws that contravened theBasic Law were not retained but remained in effect as references under the principles of the BasicLaw, until replacement laws could be enacted. In total, 18 laws and decrees that were incompatiblewith the Basic Law were repealed. The Standing Committee established guidelines for interpretingthe nomenclature contained in pre-Handover laws, when used to explain or be made applicable tothe laws of the MSAR.Since the Reunification Law of December 1999 also accepts these guidelines, they have beenincluded as integral parts of the law of the Macao SAR.Improving the Laws of the Macao SARSome of Macao’s original laws needed to be revised, in order to conform to the Basic Law andreflect Macao’s new status as a special administrative region. The Legal Statute Research andAdaptation Working Group was established for this purpose in 2001. Composed of legal experts andspecialists from the Government and Legislative Assembly, it studies the laws that are currently ineffect and proposing adaptations. It also recommends measures to ensure harmony and uniformitywithin the legal system.The Legal Reform Office and Legal Reform Consultative Committee were both established in2005, followed by the establishment of the Legal Reform and International Law Affairs Bureauin 2010.Laws of the Macao SARThe laws presently in force in the Macao SAR are:119

Macao Yearbook 20131. The Basic Law;2. National laws listed in Annex III to the Basic Law;3. Laws that were in effect before 20 December 1999 and which have been retained as lawsof the Macao SAR by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress; and4. Laws enacted by the legislature of the Macao SAR.The Penal Code, Criminal Procedural Code, Civil Code, Civil Procedural Code and CommercialCode, collectively known as the “Five Codes”, form the authoritative framework of Macao’s legalsystem.National laws shall not be applied in the Macao SAR, except those listed in Annex III to theBasic Law. Laws listed in Annex III shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislationby the Macao SAR. Currently, 11 national laws apply in the Macao SAR.The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress may add to or delete from the listof laws in Annex III after consulting its Committee for the Basic Law of the Macao SAR and theMSAR Government. Only those laws relating to defence, foreign affairs and other matters outsidethe limits of the Region’s autonomy as specified in the Basic Law are to be listed in Annex III tothe Basic Law.Fundamental RightsThe Basic Law safeguards the fundamental rights of the people of Macao. These include: freedomof speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association and assembly, freedom of processionand demonstration, the right to organise and join trade unions and to strike, freedom of religion,freedom to travel, and freedom to enter and leave Macao. Provisions applicable to Macao in theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights and International Labour Conventions also remain in force.Macao continues to comply with the main international conventions on human rights, includingthe International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; theConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;the Convention on the Rights of the Child; and the Convention on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination against Women.Judicial SystemJudicial IndependenceUnder the Basic Law, the Macao SAR enjoys independent judicial power, including the powerof final adjudication. Courts of the Macao SAR exercise independent judicial power. They aresubordinate to nothing but the law, and they are not subject to any interference.Judges of the Macao SAR exercise judicial authority according to the law, and not according toany orders or instructions, except as prescribed in the third paragraph of Article 19 of the Basic Law.Judges are immune from legal action for discharging their judicial functions. The Macao Public120

The Legal System and the JudiciaryProsecutions Office likewise exercises the procuratorial functions vested in it by law, independentlyand free from any interference.Judicial OrgansUnder the Basic Law and the Macao SAR Judicial Organisation Framework Law, Macao has twoindependent judiciary bodies: one is the court system, which exercises judicial power; the other isthe Public Prosecutions Office, which exercises the power of prosecution.The CourtsDesigned in accordance with the Basic Law and the Macao SAR Judicial Organisation FrameworkLaw, Macao’s three-level court system became fully operational following the formal establishmentof the Macao SAR. This system’s operations totally embody the independent judicial authority andfinal adjudication authority granted to Macao by the Central People’s Government.Courts are the only institutions vested with judicial functions. They seek to safeguard legallyprotected rights and interests, stop unlawful practices and settle public and private disputes. Eachcourt hears legal proceedings belonging to its respective jurisdiction. Courts are not subject tointerference by any other authority, and they do not abide by any order or instruction. This constitutesthe foundation of judicial independence, promotion of justice, guarantee of social stability andprotection of civil rights.The Court of First InstanceWith the establishment of the MSAR, two new courts came into being as constituent parts ofthe Court of First Instance. These new courts, the Lower Court and Administrative Court, obtaintheir judicial authority from the Basic Law. The Basic Law also permits the Lower Court to formspecialised tribunals, as required, and to retain the Examining Magistracy created under the formerPortuguese administration. The Examining Magistracy therefore functions as part of the LowerCourt.The President of the Court of First Instance is appointed by the Chief Executive from amongthe local judges of that level of court. The term of office of the President of the Court of FirstInstance is three years, and consecutive terms may be served. The current president is a judge ofthe Collegial Panel of the Lower Court. One of the duties of the president is to represent the Courtof First Instance when dealing with other Government agencies.The Lower CourtThe Lower Court currently consists of an administrative centre, three Civil Courts, four CriminalCourts, two Examining Magistracies, and one Court for Minor Civil Cases (commonly known asthe Small Claims Tribunal). An Information Office has been established to enable citizens andindividuals involved in litigation to learn more about the workings of the courts, and to answerquestions about legal documents issued by the courts.121

Macao Yearbook 2013Statutory claims limits of appeal cases of the Lower Court:1. 50,000 patacas for civil cases regarding civil affairs and labour law;2. Unlimited claims in criminal cases tried under criminal or labour law, or in cases concerningthe educational and social protection system that fall within the jurisdiction of the juvenilejudicial system.As at December 2012, the Lower Court has 26 judges: six presidents of Collegial Panels and20 judges of Single-judge Benches.The Civil Court has the power to hear cases that are civil in nature, and which do not fall underthe jurisdiction of other courts. It also hears cases of other types that do not fall under the jurisdictionof other courts or tribunals, including all the related matters and issues raised by such cases.The Criminal Court has the power to hear criminal cases or misdemeanours that do not fallunder the jurisdiction of other courts or tribunals, including all related matters and issues raisedby such cases.The Examining Magistracy currently has three judges. The Examining Magistracy hears criminalcases at various stages of investigation. It also conducts preliminary investigations and, based onthe available evidence, decides whether a case should be brought to trial. This court also carriesout judicial work related to imprisonment and detention.The Court for Minor Civil Cases, commonly known as the Small Claims Tribunal, dealsspecifically with litigation concerning monetary debts and consumer rights not exceeding 50,000patacas in cash value. These include, but are not limited to, consumer credit, management fees,rentals, use of letters of credit, and instalment payments.As defined by law, the Court for Minor Civil Cases has the power to hear litigation conducted inaccordance with the special proceedings for minor cases, which include all the matters and questionsraised by such litigation, as long as it does not prejudice other jurisdictions attributed by law.In 2012, the Information Office of the Lower Court and the Court for Minor Civil Casescontinued to provide an enquiry service to litigants, and handled 10,011 enquiries involving atotal of 9,431 cases.According to the Arrangements on Transfer of Sentenced Persons between the Government ofMacao and the Government of Portugal and the Arrangements on Transfer of Sentenced Personsbetween the Government of Macao Special Administrative Region and the Government of HongKong Special Administrative Region, the Examining Magistracy opened 16 cases on requests fortransfers of sentenced persons that were referred by the Government. Five cases were successful;all of which were related to Hong Kong.The Administrative CourtStatutory claims limits of appeal cases of the Administrative Court:1. 50,000 patacas for administrative litigation and requests concerning administrative disputes;2. 15,000 patacas for taxation and customs disputes;122

The Legal System and the Judiciary3. Unlimited claims for other disputes related to administration, taxation and customs; or forcases involving the assessment of the legality of regulations.The Administrative Court currently has two judges, who also oversee the office of theAdministrative Court and assume the posts defined by Items 2 to 5 of Clause 4 of Article 33 of theJudicial Organisation Framework Law. Each post is occupied for a three-year term and is assumedon a rotation basis according to descending seniority.The Court of Second InstanceThe Court of Second Instance has nine judges, one of whom is appointed President by the ChiefExecutive. The President of the Court of Second Instance serves a three-year term, and representsthe Court of Second Instance when dealing with other Government and judicial authorities. Heor she may serve consecutive terms. In addition to the routine responsibilities that accompanythe positions of judge and president, the president must ensure that the Court of Second Instancefunctions effectively.Statutory claims limits of appeal cases of the Court of Second Instance:1. 1,000,000 patacas for civil lawsuits regarding civil affairs and labour law;2. 1,000,000 patacas for administrative litigation and requests concerning administrativedisputes;3. 1,000,000 patacas for taxation and customs disputes;4. Unlimited claims for criminal cases regarding criminal and labour law; or for cases regardingthe education or social protection systems that fall within the jurisdiction of the juvenilejudicial system; for legal actions stemming from disputes related to administration, taxationand customs; or for cases involving the assessment of the legality of regulations.The Court of Final AppealThe Court of Final Appeal is the highest level of court in Macao.The Court of Final Appeal has three judges. The President of the Court of Final Appeal isappointed by the Chief Executive from among the serving judges of that level of court, and shallbe a Chinese citizen who is a permanent resident of Macao. The president serves three-year terms,which may be consecutive.The President of the Court of Final Appeal acts as a representative of the Macao SAR courts and,besides fulfilling the general responsibilities of a judge and president, must ensure that the Courtof Final Appeal and the Office of the President of the Court of Final Appeal function effectively.The Office of the President of the Court of Final AppealThe Office of the President of the Court of Final Appeal is an autonomous institution that runs itsown affairs, administration and finances. The office is responsible for coordinating the affairs of all123

Macao Yearbook 2013levels of courts, and offers the courts technical, administrative and financial support. It is headedby the President of the Court of Final Appeal, and comprises the Judicial and Technical SupportDepartment, the Translation Support Division, the Administrative and Financial Department, as wellas the Judicial Affairs Division, the Organisation and Information Division, the Human ResourcesDivision, the Finance and Property Division, and the General Services Division.The Judicial CouncilThe Judicial Council oversees the management and discipline of judicial officers and judicialsupport staff.The Judicial Council is composed of the President of the Court of Final Appeal as its Chairman;two prominent members of the community appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendationof the Independent Committee for the Nomination of Judges; and two judges selected by judicialofficers. Members of the Judicial Council serve three-year terms and may be reappointed at theend of their terms.The Chairman of the Judicial Council shall exercise his or her powers as defined in the GeneralRules for Judicial Officers and the Internal Regulations and Rules of the Judicial Council.An administrative office belonging to the Judicial Council assists in the handling of daily affairs.Appointment of JudgesJudges at all levels of courts in Macao are appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendationof an independent committee composed of local judges, lawyers and prominent members of thecommunity. They are chosen on the basis of their professional qualifications, and qualified judgesof foreign nationality may also be appointed.The Independent Committee for the Nomination of JudgesThe Independent Committee for the Nomination of Judges is composed of seven Macao citizensappointed by the Chief Executive. It consists of one locally serving judge, one lawyer, and fiveprominent members of the community. All its members participate in the committee and performtheir functions in a personal capacity.The committee functions according to the provisions of the Internal Regulations of theIndependent Committee for the Nomination of Judges. A chairman is elected by the members ofthe committee from among their own ranks and exercises authority according to the committee’sinternal regulations. The committee also has a secretary to assist in the handling of affairs of allkinds.Public Prosecutions OfficeThe Public Prosecutions Office is the only judicial organ in Macao that exercises a prosecutorialfunction. Its responsibilities include representing the Macao SAR in court, initiating criminal124

The Legal System and the Judiciaryprosecutions, and safeguarding legality and legal rights. Moreover, under specific situationsdefined in the procedural laws, the Public Prosecutions Office oversees the implementation of theBasic Law. The Public Prosecutions Office is an autonomous agency and it exercises its functionsindependently and free from any interference. Its independence and autonomy are limited bythe criteria of legality and objectivity of the Public Prosecutions Office, and the instructions andguarantees contained in other laws to which its officers must strictly adhere. Furthermore, theorganisation, responsibilities and operations of the Public Prosecutions Office are clearly definedby law.The Public Prosecutor-General is the head and representative of the Public Prosecutions Officeand is appointed by the Central People’s Government on the nomination of the Chief Executive.Judicial officers are nominated by the Public Prosecutor-General and appointed by the ChiefExecutive.Responsibilities and Powers of the Public Prosecutions OfficeThe Public Prosecutions Office plays a crucial role in the fight against crime, safeguarding therule of law, and nurturing a just, democratic and lawful society in Macao.The four major functions of the Public Prosecutions Office are:1. To supervise criminal investigations and ensure successful criminal prosecutions;2. To represent the MSAR in court;3. To oversee implementation of the law; and4. To safeguard legitimate rights and interests.The primary function of the Public Prosecutions Office is criminal investigation and prosecution.It supervises criminal investigations and seeks to ensure successful criminal prosecutions.The Public Prosecutions Office devotes more resources to this task than to any of its otherresponsibilities.The Public Prosecutions Office’s supervisory role in criminal investigations chiefly entails theauthority to initiate criminal investigations by the police Criminal Investigation Department and,once an investigation is underway, monitor whether it is being carried out lawfully.The Public Prosecutions Office’s prosecutorial role entails responsibility for the initiation andprogress of the entire criminal prosecution process. This includes deciding whether to indict acriminal suspect after an investigation has been completed, and acting as public prosecutor incourt after a criminal case has been submitted to the court for judgment. The Public ProsecutionsOffice is also responsible for ensuring that courts proceed according to the law and for monitoringthe implementation of criminal sentences.The second function of the Public Prosecutions Office is to represent the Macao SAR in court.When any administrative agency of the MSAR or the public treasury is involved in a lawsuit orother legal action, it is represented in court by the Public Prosecutions Office.Another function of the Public Prosecutions Office is to oversee the implementation of the law.125

Macao Yearbook 2013This function is reflected in the Public Prosecutions Office’s authority to investigate whether policeinvestigations or court functions are being carried out according to the law. It is likewise the dutyof the Public Prosecutions Office to ensure strict adherence to the law, both before and after thefact, in its supervision of the way various public departments apply the law. When requested, thePublic Prosecutions Office may also exercise a legal consultative role to the Chief Executive orLegislative Assembly.Finally, another important function of the Public Prosecutions Office is to safeguard legitimaterights and interests. This function is exercised in several ways. One is the defence, in situationsdefined by law, of collective or public interests. In other situations, the Public Prosecutions Officeacts as the representative of employees and their relatives, or attends any judicial proceedingsregarding bankruptcy or insolvency when public interests are involved. Finally, the PublicProsecutions Office represents in court individuals who are considered incapable, or who aremissing or absent.One important task that history has delegated to Macao’s judicial institutions is the developmentof a judicial framework that is suited to the characteristics of Macao society and consistent with thelegal principles enshrined in the Basic Law. With this aim in mind, the Public Prosecutions Officehas established a new judicial framework entitled “One Institution, Three Levels of Assignment”.“One Institution” refers to the existence of one unified body within the organisational structureof the Public Prosecutions Office, as opposed to the three different levels of the office correspondingto the three tiers of courts. This simple, unified structure better suits a territory with the size andpopulation of Macao, and it helps to streamline the institution and its personnel structure, andincrease efficiency.“Three Levels of Assignment” refers to the assignment delegation system inherited by the PublicProsecutions Office of the Macao SAR from the pre-Handover procuratorial system. Under thissystem, three levels of Public Prosecutors (also known as “judicial officers of the Public ProsecutionsOffice”), including the Public Prosecutor-General, Assistant Public Prosecutor-General and PublicProsecutor, act as representatives of the Public Prosecutions Office in Macao’s three tiers of courtsand participate in legal actions.In conformity with this framework, the Public Prosecutions Office has established subordinateoffices in the following courts:• In the Court of Final Appeal its office is headed by the Public Prosecutor-General, whois the chief representative to that court and is supported, when necessary, by an AssistantPublic Prosecutor-General;• In the Court of Second Instance, the office is headed by an Assistant Public Prosecutor-General;• In the Court of First Instance, offices have been established in both the Lower Court andthe Administrative Court. In both offices, a Public Prosecutor acts as the representative ofthe Public Prosecutions Office. If a case is serious, complicated, or involves substantialpublic interest, the Assistant Public Prosecutor-General may act as the representative of thePublic Prosecutions Office in the Court of First Instance; and126

The Legal System and the Judiciary• An independent office at the Examining Magistracy is headed by a Public Prosecutor, wholeads investigations and initiates criminal prosecutions.Organisational Structure of the Public Prosecutions OfficeThe Public Prosecutor-General is the head of the Public Prosecutions Office and the most seniorpublic prosecutor. The Public Prosecutions Office consists of three types of personnel: judicialofficers, judicial support personnel, and professional administrative officers. An Office of the PublicProsecutor-General has been established to facilitate the Public Prosecutor-General’s managementof the Public Prosecutions Office. Possessing independent control over its own administrationand finances, the Office of the Public Prosecutor-General is supported by the Judicial AssistanceDepartment, the Judicial Affairs Department, the Judicial Cooperation Department, the Personneland Finance Department and the Support Department.At present, the Public Prosecutions Office has 34 judicial officers, including one PublicProsecutor-General, 12 Assistant Public Prosecutors-General and 21 Public Prosecutors. Their chiefresponsibilities include criminal investigations and prosecutions, participating as representativesof the Public Prosecutions Office in all levels of courts, and taking part in criminal, civil andadministrative actions. One Assistant Public Prosecutor-General is assigned as a Director of theJudiciary Police.Professional Administrative Officers, including management officers, professional staff andassistant staff, are all subject to the General Rules for Judicial Officers, the General Rules forAncillary Judicial Personnel and the Macao Public Servants Statutes and Regulations.The Public Prosecutors CouncilThe Public Prosecutors Council is an independent body that oversees the evaluation and disciplineof prosecutors and judicial support personnel. Evaluations of their professional skills and adherenceto professional ethical standards are conducted every two years. Evaluators and disciplinaryinvestigators are assigned by the Public Prosecutors Council, and the results of all evaluations aresubject to its examination and confirmation.In order to further regulate and standardise evaluation and disciplinary work, the PublicProsecutors Council issues comprehensive by-laws and standards to accompany its internalregulations, including the Internal Regulations and Rules of the Public Prosecutors Council andRegulations Governing the Supervision of Public Prosecutors and Judicial Support Personnel.The Public Prosecutors Council is a newly formed body. It replaced the former JudicialCommittee, which was responsible for the appointment and administration of judicial officers andincluded lawyers, judges, public prosecutors and other members of the community.The Public Prosecutors Council is organised as follows:• The Public Prosecutor-General, who acts as President ex officio;• An Assistant Public Prosecutor-General selected as a representative by judicial officers andfrom among their own ranks;127

Macao Yearbook 2013• A public prosecutor selected as a representative by judicial officers and from among theirown ranks; and• Two members of the community appointed by the Chief Executive.Legal AidThe Basic Law provides that every resident of Macao shall have certain inalienable legal rights.These include the right to appeal to the law, the right to initiate a court action, the right to seekassistance from a lawyer in protecting his or her legitimate rights and interests, and the right toreceive legal aid. But while every Macao resident is legally entitled to appeal to the courts for theresolution of a dispute, not all residents are financially capable of paying the consequent court costsand lawyers’ fees. For this reason the law also provides a legal aid system that assists residents whoare less financially able to exercise their legal rights fully.Legal aid provides exemption or postponement of all or part of advance fees and court fees forresidents who are less financially able, and appoints a legal representative for them at no charge.All residents of Macao, including temporary residents, can apply for legal aid if they meet certainlegal requirements. Legal aid can be applied for at any stage of a legal action.Organisational Structure of the MSAR JudiciaryThe Office ofthe PublicProsecutor-GeneralThe PublicProsecutionsOfficeOffice at theCourt of FinalAppealThe Courtof FinalAppealThe Court ofSecond InstanceThe Office of thePresident of theCourt of FinalAppealThe ProsecutorialOffice at theCourt of SecondInstanceCompetent DivisionalCourts for CriminalCases and Other CasesThe Court ofFirst InstanceThe AdministrativeCourtOffice at theCourt of FirstInstanceOffice at theAdministrativeCourtCivil Court, ExaminingMagistracy, Court forMinor Civil Cases,Criminal Court, LabourTribunal, Family andMinors Court128

The Legal System and the JudiciaryTraining of Judicial OfficersFaculty of Law of the University of MacauSince its foundation in 1988, the Faculty of Law of the University of Macau has nurtured manylocal legal professionals. Most of Macao’s incumbent judicial officers either graduated from thefaculty or have enrolled in its programmes. Over 96 percent of Macao’s Chinese judges, publicprosecutors and lawyers are graduates of the Faculty of Law at the university.The faculty offers Bachelor of Law programmes in Portuguese and Chinese; Master of LawProgrammes in Portuguese and Chinese; and Master of Law Programmes in European Union Law,International Law, Comparative Law, and International Business Law in English; and Doctor ofLaw programmes in Chinese and English. The Bachelor of Law programmes in Chinese and inPortuguese essentially follow the Romano-Germanic education system. Postgraduate coursesincluding Introduction to Macao Law, Legal Practice and Legal Terminology are also available.During the 2012/2013 academic year, 392 students were enrolled in undergraduate lawprogrammes, 86 graduate students were studying for Master’s degrees, 79 students were enrolledin postgraduate certificate programmes, and 19 students were studying for doctorates.Faculty of Law of the Macau University of Science and TechnologyEstablished in 2000, the Faculty of Law of the Macau University of Science and Technologyoffers programmes leading to a Bachelor of Law degree, a Master of Law degree and a Doctor ofLaw degree. The Bachelor of Law degree programme spans four years, the Master of Law degreeprogramme two years, and the Doctor of Law degree programme three years.The Bachelor of Law degree curriculum includes Macao law, mainland China law, and laws andjurisprudence theories of major countries in the world. The faculty offers a Master of InternationalEconomic Commercial Law degree programme, a Master of Criminal Justice degree programme,a Juris Master programme, and a Master of Laws degree programme (covering five specialisedsubjects: jurisprudence, comparative law, constitutional and administrative law, civil and commerciallaw, and criminal law) The doctorate degree programme currently offers doctorates in nine areasof study: jurisprudence theory, legal history, civil and commercial law, criminal law, constitutionallaw and administrative law, economic law, international law, procedural law, and environmentalprotection and resources conservation.During the 2012/2013 academic year, a total of 452 students enrolled in Bachelor of Law degreeprogrammes, of whom 308 came from overseas and 144 were local residents. 145 students wereworking towards a Master of Law degree, and 48 towards a Doctor of Law degree.Legal and Judicial Training CentreThe Legal and Judicial Training Centre is an autonomous public institution that offers vocationaltraining courses in judicature and law.The training centre is responsible for induction training for judicial officers of the Public129

Macao Yearbook 2013Prosecutions Office and the courts. It is also responsible for offering continued training to judicialofficers.According to the law, all judges and public prosecutors must complete a two-year training courseand practical training provided by the training centre. Since the establishment of the MSAR, thecentre has completed three training sessions for 25 local judicial officers (14 judges and 11 publicprosecutors). The fourth session, which commenced in July 2011 and was expected to be completedin July 2013, has 12 candidates.As for continued training courses for judges and public prosecutors, the centre organised jointprogrammes with the Department of Treaty and Law of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China,the National Judges College, the National Prosecutors College of China, the Centre for JudicialStudies of Portugal and the National School for Magistrates of France. The centre also hosts trainingprogrammes featuring legal experts and other professionals in Macao as major speakers. In 2012,the centre organised seminars with topics including “China’s Foreign Affairs and InternationalLaw” and “Juvenile Delinquency: Judiciary’s Response”.The training centre launched two one-year judicial clerk induction programmes, from which atotal of 125 participants have been appointed as judicial clerks in the courts or the Public ProsecutionsOffice. The third training programme admitted 120 trainees, and commenced in April 2012.As per requests from the Office of the Public Prosecutor-General and the Office of the Presidentof the Court of Final Appeal, the centre launched promotion preparation programmes for judicialsupport staff of the courts or the Public Prosecutions Office, and for clerks-in-charge of thecourts. The centre began preparing for “Promotion Training Course for Clerk Specialists of thePublic Prosecution’s Office” and “Promotion Training Course for Assistant Clerks of the PublicProsecution’s Office”, which are to commence in June 2013.Another important task of the centre is to provide training on general legal knowledge forcivil servants. In 2012, the centre organised numerous programmes with the aim of improvingprofessional skills of public servants and facilitating the development of the MSAR. The coursesfocused especially on the drafting of laws, international laws and enhancements in legal languageand public administration laws. The centre continued to organise training courses on the BasicLaw; administrative procedures; civil service laws and regulations; public finance managementsystem; regulations and laws on administrative contracts; administrative litigation procedures; lawsregarding discipline and punishment, and laws on undertaking public works.The centre rolled out activities planned for the 2nd EU-Macao Cooperation Programme inthe Legal Field. In 2012, it organised seminars and workshops such as: Seminar on Urban Law;Workshop on Legislation Quality and Assessment; Seminar on Fundamental Rights System, andWorkshop on Criminal Judicial Assistance. These events aimed to further develop Macao’s legalsystem.Moreover, the centre continued to organise training courses for trainee lawyers, at the requestof the Macau Lawyers Association.Lawyers and the Macau Lawyers AssociationLawyers fulfil a vital role in Macao’s legal and judicial system, especially with regard to ensuring130

The Legal System and the Judiciarythe ability of residents to seek legal recourse and have access to the courts. No resident should,due to financial difficulty or any other reason, be denied access to the courts. Lawyers have anobligation to help residents exercise the right to litigate, and they are obliged to accept courtappointedlegal aid cases.The Lawyers’ Statutes (Decree-Law No. 31/91/M) of 6 May 1991 stipulate that the MacauLawyers Association is a public corporate institute representing the legal profession. Its professionalethics and practices are defined by the Association’s regulations.The Macau Lawyers Association is composed of a Presidency, Executive Committee, SupervisoryCommittee and Higher Council of Lawyers. The Higher Council of Lawyers exercises exclusivedisciplinary jurisdiction over lawyers and trainee lawyers, and it is responsible for monitoring theirdiscipline, professional ethics, and moral ethics.Individuals who wish to practise law in Macao and who hold a Bachelor of Law degree fromthe University of Macau must register with the Macau Lawyers Association and undergo a periodof practical training of no less than 18 months. Trainee lawyers must register as practising lawyerswithin 60 days of internship completion.In line with relevant regulations, Bachelor of Law degree holders who graduated from a universityrecognised by Macao and wish to become practising lawyers in Macao must take certain orientationcourses. After completing the courses, such persons must undergo an internship before they maypractise law.At the end of 2012, there were 248 practising lawyers and 105 trainee lawyers in Macao.The Legal Affairs BureauThe Legal Affairs Bureau undertakes a broad array of duties. It conducts research into judicialpolicy and provides technical support; implements policies relating to the drafting, translationand promotion of laws; handles matters related to the organisation and operations within thejurisdiction of juvenile education and rehabilitation programmes; and participates in coordinationand provides assistance to registries, notary public offices and private notaries. The Legal AffairsBureau comprises several departments: the Legal Drafting Department, the Law TranslationDepartment, the Law Promotion Department, the Inspection and Litigation Department, theSocial Rehabilitation Department, the Administrative and Financial Affairs Department, and theReformatory for Juvenile Delinquents.The Legal Affairs Bureau also supervises registries and notary public offices, including the RealEstate Registry, the Commercial and Movable Goods Registry, the Civil Registry and the notarypublic offices.Real Estate RegistryThe Real Estate Registry is responsible for the registration of property in Macao, and publishingthe legal status of real estate through the registration of acquisitions, mortgages and transfers, toensure the security of transactions.131

Macao Yearbook 2013Commercial and Movable Goods RegistryThe Commercial and Movable Goods Registry is responsible for the registration of businesses,motor vehicles and aircraft in Macao, and publishing the legal status of companies and their owners,motor vehicles and aircraft, to provide legal protection and security for transactions.Civil RegistryThe Civil Registry is responsible for the civil registration of births, parentage, adoption and custody,marriages, marriage agreements, deaths and the legal deaths of missing persons, and for issuingrelevant certificates.Notary Public OfficesThe three notary public office – the First Office of the Notary Public, the Second Office of the NotaryPublic and the Islands Office of the Notary Public – are authorised to act as notaries, especially inthe verification of signatures and documents, and the issuing of certificates, warranties, letters ofauthorisation, notarial testaments and notarial deeds.Private NotariesMacao’s Private Notary system was established to undertake part of the work previously handledby the Notary Public Offices.The Legal Affairs Bureau is responsible for coordinating and supervising licensed privatenotaries. At the end of 2012, there were 55 private notaries in Macao.Law Reform and International Law Affairs BureauThe Law Reform and International Law Affairs Bureau assists the Government in coordinatingthe formulation of legislative plans and supervising their implementation; reviewing and draftingmajor codes and laws, and undertakes work related to international law affairs.Legal Reform Consultative CommitteeThe Legal Reform Consultative Committee was established in March 2005 under Executive OrderNo. 59/2005, with the major function of assisting the Government in drafting policies on theestablishment of the legal system.132

The Legal System and the JudiciaryRaising public awareness of the law of the Macao SARThe Government raises awareness of the law through promotional activities and legal enquiry services. The former includepublishing feature articles in newspapers and journals, broadcasting information via TV and radio, and holding talks and eventsto promote the laws of the Macao SAR, with the aim of enhancing public awareness, knowledge and understanding of law, andencouraging people to be law-abiding citizens.133

Macao Yearbook 2013134

EXTERNAL RELATIONS

External RelationsExternal RelationsThe Central People’s Government is responsible for the foreign affairs of the Macao SAR. Whenthe MSAR was established, the Central People’s Government set up the Office of the Commissionerof the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China in the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region, to handle foreign affairs issues related to Macao.The Central People’s Government also authorised Macao to manage certain external affairs inaccordance with the regulatory framework stipulated in Chapter 7 of the Macao Basic Law.As a non-sovereign region, Macao enjoys wide-ranging and close relationships with mostcountries and regions throughout the world. This is an advantage for Macao in its longstanding,extensive, direct, friendly and beneficial relationships, particularly those with European Union(EU) member states and Romance language-speaking countries. To facilitate Macao’s furtherdevelopment, the Government frequently conducts external activities and makes great efforts tofoster interactions and collaboration with countries and regions around the world, in areas such aseconomics, trade and culture.Mutual Exemption from Visa RequirementsOne of the Government’s major tasks is to promote the Macao Passport and other travel permits.With the Central People’s Government’s support and assistance, it has made substantial progressin negotiating with other countries and regions to grant visa-free access to holders of MacaoPassports and travel permits. By April 2013, a total of 104 countries and regions had agreed to grantvisa-free access or visas on arrival to holders of Macao SAR Passports, with 74 countries and 16regions allowing visa-free entry, and 14 countries requiring landing visas for entry (see Appendix9, “Visa-free Access for Holders of Macao SAR Passports and Travel Permits”, for more details).In addition, nine countries have agreed to grant visa-free access or visas on arrival to holders ofMSAR travel permits.The Government also grants visa-free access to nationals or citizens of 73 countries and regions(see Appendix 10, “Countries/Territories Granted Visa-free Access by the Macao SAR”, for moredetails). Nationals or citizens of these countries and territories who are in possession of validpassports can stay in Macao for periods of 14-90 days. Visitors from certain countries, such as theUnited Kingdom, may be given permission to stay for up to six months.Consulates in MacaoUnder the provisions of Article 142 of the Macao Basic Law, the establishment of foreign consularand other official or semi-official missions in the MSAR is subject to approval by the Central People’sGovernment. Consular and other official missions established in Macao before the Handover bystates with formal diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China were allowed to remain.According to individual circumstances, consular and other official missions established in Macao bystates with no formal diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China were allowed eitherto remain, or to change to semi-official missions. States not recognised by the People’s Republic137

Macao Yearbook 2013of China were only allowed to establish non-governmental institutions in the MSAR.By the end of December 2012, a total of 89 countries had reached agreements with the MacaoSAR on establishing consular services in Macao or had extended the duties of their consulatesgeneral in Hong Kong to include Macao, or had empowered them to execute consular duties inMacao (see Appendix 8, “Countries Exercising Consular Jurisdiction in the Macao SAR”).Angola, the Philippines and Portugal are the three countries that have established a consulategeneral in Macao.Fifty-three other countries have assigned their consulates general in Hong Kong to cover consularaffairs in Macao, including several countries that may execute consular duties in Macao. These are(in alphabetical order, similarly hereinafter): Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,Brazil, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, the State of Kuwait,Laos, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria,Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, Vietnam andZimbabwe. China has signed an agreement with Antigua and Barbuda that allows the island countryto establish a consulate general in Hong Kong, but it has not yet opened. The consulates generalof Samoa, Bahamas and Denmark in Hong Kong were closed but their agreements on provisionor expansion of consulate services were not terminated.Ten countries have appointed honorary consuls to Macao: Cape Verde, Estonia, Grenada, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Peru and the United Kingdom. The posts of honoraryconsul of Bhutan, France and Surinam are currently vacant.Twenty countries with honorary consulates in Hong Kong cover or extend services to Macao:Cyprus, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Hungary, Iceland, Kenya, Lithuania, Maldives, Morocco, Namibia,Norway, Rwanda, San Marino, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania andUruguay.International Organisations and Multilateral TreatiesAs a modern international city, Macao participates in various international organisations andmultilateral treaties. This helps it to maintain its unique position in the world and to develop externalrelations in areas such as economics, trade, finance, aviation, transportation, culture, education,environmental protection and health.International OrganisationsThe principles contained in Articles 136 and 137 of the Macao Basic Law regarding the appropriateparticipation of Macao in international activities form the legal bases on which the CentralPeople’s Government and the MSAR Government handle issues relating to Macao’s participationin international activities.Since the establishment of the MSAR, the Central People’s Government has assisted and138

External Relationssupported Macao’s participation in relevant international conferences and activities in accordancewith the Macao Basic Law, and has also shown concern for and safeguarded Macao’s rights andinterests in these international organisations. The Government participates in intergovernmentalorganisations in one of two ways: As a full member of the organisation concerned, with the identityof a separate region that undertakes international obligations and enjoys corresponding rights andinterests; or as an associate member (or affiliate member) or member without voting rights thatspeaks as “Macao, China”. In such circumstances, Macao undertakes its international obligationsand enjoys corresponding rights and interests, subject to certain conditions.In addition, Macao attends meetings of other intergovernmental organisations as a member ofthe central government delegation. Its delegates may express opinions on matters relevant to theMSAR in the name of “Macao, China”. Macao may also attend non-governmental, regional andspecialist meetings of international organisations.Macao’s participation in international activities of non-governmental organisations should fallwithin the sphere of Macao’s autonomous affairs following the establishment of the MSAR. Suchissues would thus be left to Macao’s own discretion, and according to its needs.During 2012, Macao attended several international conferences as a member of centralgovernment delegations, including:●●●●●●●The Seventh Session of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures,The Council on General Affairs and Policy of the Hague Conference on Private InternationalLaw,The 101st Session of the International Labour Conference,The International Monetary Fund and World Bank Spring Meetings,The World Health Organization Executive Board Meeting,The 55th Session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs,The United Nations Climate Change Conference,● The World Radiocommunication Conference 2012,●●●●●The 12th Air Navigation Conference of the International Civil Aviation Organization,The 18th International Hydrographic Conference,The Consideration of Report on Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Personswith Disabilities,The 25th Universal Postal Union Congress, andThe 12th Assembly of the Asian Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions.Also, under the name “Macao, China”, Macao attended international conferences including:● The Sixth International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance,● The 18th CINDER International Congress,139

Macao Yearbook 2013●●●●●●The 16th ICAO PKD Meeting,The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes:Competent Authorities Meeting,The 15th Asia-Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) Annual Meeting,Seminars on “Counting the Seven Billion: The Future of Population and HousingCensuses” and “Integrating Statistical and Geospatial Information: Cloud and Web ServiceApplications”- UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division),The 35th Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Small and Medium EnterprisesWorking Group Meeting,The Financial Action Task Force plenary meeting,● The London Olympic Committee Paralympic Leadership Conference 2012,●The Fourth World Curriculum Studies Conference,● The Institutional Management in Higher Education General Conference 2012,●The 36th Session of World Heritage Committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization (UNESCO),● The Annual Meeting of the Pacific Asia Travel Association 2012,●●●●●The 68th Session of United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and thePacific,The 81st INTERPOL General Assembly,The Ninth Meeting of Presidents of Supreme Courts in Portuguese-Speaking Countries andRegions,The Board of Director's Meeting of the International Ombudsman Institute (IOI), andThe Sixth Annual Conference and General Meeting of the International Association ofAnti-Corruption Authorities.International TreatiesArticle 138 of the Basic Law stipulates the applicability of multilateral treaties to Macao; andthis forms the legal and regulatory framework for the Central People’s Government and MSARGovernment to implement multinational treaties applicable to Macao.As of 2012, 275 multilateral treaties were applicable to Macao: 51 treaties on foreign affairsand defence; 15 on civil aviation; 10 on customs; four on drugs; seven on economics and finance;seven on education, science, technology, culture and sport; 20 on the environment and conservation;three on health; 20 on human rights; four on intellectual property; 12 on international crime; twoon international trade; 36 on labour; 34 on maritime affairs; 10 on private international law; threeon road traffic; eight on postal affairs and telecommunications; and 29 on the establishment of140

External Relationsinternational governmental organisations (see Appendix 11, “Multilateral Treaties Applicable tothe Macao SAR”, for details).On regional and international laws, the Government began negotiations with the Hong KongSAR Government in 2012 on the signing of the Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition andEnforcement of Arbitration Awards, regarding confirmation of the documents to be signed. TheGovernment also followed up on mutual legal assistance agreements with other countries, completedthe implementation reports on several rights conventions, such as replies to the list of questions onthe first report of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and began preparatorywork for Macao’s first participation in the deliberation meeting of the United Nations Human RightsCouncil as an individual member under the name “Macao, China”.Macao and the European UnionOfficial relations between Macao and the EU have been steadily built on the foundation of theMacao-EC Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed in 1992. Macao has maintained good relationswith the EU in terms of economic and trade affairs ever since the establishment of the MSAR.The Macao Economic and Trade Office at the Brussels headquarters of the EU seeks to enhanceMacao’s relationship with the organisation.Under their agreement, Macao and the EU may cooperate in industry, investment, scienceand technology, energy, information, training and other areas. A Joint Committee established byboth parties holds an annual meeting to review the implementation of the agreement and discussits future development. The meeting venue alternates between Macao and Brussels, and 17 suchsessions have been held to date. A great deal has been achieved through this form of cooperation.According to statistics compiled by the European Commission: since the agreement was signed,the EU has funded cooperative projects with Macao worth around one million euros per annum.The projects have included: training for the tourism industry (1999-2001); a European studiesprogramme (1999-2001); a services development programme (1999-2001) on advising Macaoon improvement of the local services sector; the Asia-Invest programme (2001 and 2002); andthe EU-Macao Legal Cooperation Programme (2001-2005). During 2006, funded by the MSARGovernment, the Directorate General for Interpretation (SCIC) of the European Commissionprovided training on translation and interpretation. In 2009, with regard to legal cooperation betweenthe MSAR and the European Commission, a new protocol on the second phase of legal cooperationprojects was signed between the two parties. This commenced in 2010, and is effective for threeyears. The EU Business Information Programme has been held from 2009 to 2012; and the EUAcademic Programme began in 2012.Also, joint projects inaugurated by Macao and the EU were: the Macao-Europe Centre forAdvanced Tourism Studies (ME-CATS) and the Institute of European Studies of Macao.Since its establishment in 1992, the Euro-Info Centre has provided specialist services to enableSMEs in Macao, Hong Kong, the Pearl River Delta and neighbouring regions to obtain usefulinformation about Europe.In October 2006, the European Commission published the Communication from the Commission141

Macao Yearbook 2013to the Council and the European Parliament – The European Union, Hong Kong and Macao:Possibilities for Cooperation 2007-2013.The EU is Macao’s second-largest trading partner. In 2012, the total value of Macao’s exports tothe EU was 315 million patacas, representing a decrease of 12.1 percent over 2011; while importsfrom the EU were worth 16.6 billion patacas, up by 7.1 percent from 2011.Visa-free AccessCurrently, MSAR Passport holders are allowed to remain for 90 days or six months without a visa inthe 27 EU member countries. These countries are: Denmark, Belgium, Lithuania, Spain, Hungary,Greece, Poland, Finland, France, Latvia, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Ireland, Czech Republic,the Netherlands, Slovenia, Slovakia, Austria, Italy, Cyprus, Estonia, Sweden, Portugal, Germany,Luxembourg, Romania and Malta.To enhance relations with EU member countries and increase economic and trade relations withthem, the first and second Chief Executive Edmund Ho led delegations to visit Portugal, France,Belgium and Germany in 2000, 2001 and 2004. During 2006, Edmund Ho led a delegation toPortugal and Belgium, including the EU headquarters in Brussels. In 2012, Chief Executive ChuiSai On led a delegation to visit the EU.Macao and PortugalMacao has remained on good terms with Portugal since the establishment of the MSAR. It hasestablished the Macao Economic and Trade Office in Lisbon, further strengthening the relationshipbetween Portugal and Macao. The Agreement on the Mutual Encouragement and Protection ofInvestment between the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of Chinaand the Portuguese Republic, the Cooperation Framework Agreement between the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Portuguese Republic, as wellas the series of specific cooperation protocols with Portugal, covering administration and justice,medicine and hygiene, science and technology, sports and auditing have enhanced cooperationand communication between the two sides and promoted greater cooperation between Macao andPortugal in the areas of economics, finance, science, technology, culture, internal public securityand justice.Macao’s imports from Portugal during 2012 totalled 238 million patacas, an increase of 28.6percent over the 2011 figure; whereas its exports to Portugal increased by 50.2 percent from 2011,to 1.649 million patacas.In 2010, the Chief Executive Chui Sai On led a delegation to Portugal, marking his first officialvisit to a foreign country. The visit served to deepen the friendship as well as trade, economic,social and cultural cooperation between the two places.Macao and the United StatesSince the Handover, interaction and cooperation between Macao and the United States have142

External Relationsstrengthened in areas such as combating illegal transhipment, anti-piracy measures, law enforcementtraining and anti-terrorism measures. Both sides have expressed readiness to establish a goodrelationship, and to extend bilateral cooperation to promote trade and investment. The US ConsulateGeneral for Hong Kong and Macao encourages US officials to visit Macao in order to consolidateties between the two parties further.The United States is Macao’s largest export market. The total value of Macao’s gross exportsduring 2012 was 8.16 billion patacas; of these, gross exports to the United States accounted for 507million patacas, 8.8 percent less than in 2011 figure. Macao’s total imports from the United Stateswere valued at 3.68 billion patacas, representing a decrease of 1.39 percent over 2011.Three of the companies granted casino concession or sub-concession contracts by the Governmentfollowing the liberalisation of Macao’s gaming industry are US-funded.Macao and Portuguese-speaking CountriesEight Portuguese-speaking countries – Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique and Timor-Leste – formed the Community of Portuguese-speakingCountries in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, in 1996. Besides its close links with Portugal, Macaoalso has traditional and special relationships with other members of the community. It is the onlyChinese city capable of developing special relationships with the Portuguese-speaking countrieson four continents. As a result, Macao has the unique advantage of serving as an economic andtrading bridge between China and Portuguese-speaking countries.One of the Government’s policy objectives is to transform Macao into an economic and tradingservice platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries.The Central People’s Government also attaches importance to this role. It arranged for Macaoto host the Ministerial Conference of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation betweenChina and Portuguese-speaking Countries. The first forum was held in October 2003. China andseven Portuguese-speaking countries – Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique,Portugal and Timor-Leste – sent government and business delegations to this major event. Duringthe forum, ministerial-level officials of China and seven Portuguese-speaking countries signed theEconomic and Trade Cooperation Action Plan. They agreed to establish a permanent secretariatfor the forum in Macao.In September 2006, Macao hosted the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Forum, with the theme“Deepening cooperation and developing together”. Ministerial-level officials from China andseven Portuguese-speaking countries adopted and signed the Economic and Trade CooperationAction Plan 2007-2009. During the Second Ministerial Meeting, the Entrepreneurs Meeting forCommercial and Economic Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries,bilateral meetings between China and the Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exhibition on theforum’s achievements were also held.In November 2010, the third Ministerial Conference of the Forum for Economic and TradeCooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries was held in Macao under thetheme of “Advance Common Development Through Diversified Cooperation”. Premier Wen Jiabao143

Macao Yearbook 2013attended the event and delivered a keynote speech. Attendees representing different countriesjointly signed the 2010-2013 Action Plan on Trade and Economic Cooperation at the conference.To strengthen sporting exchanges between Macao and Portuguese-speaking countries, Macaohosted the First Lusofonia Games in October 2006.The first and second Chief Executive Edmund Ho paid official visits to Mozambique and Brazilin 2002 and 2005, respectively.During 2006, the Government also remained committed to strengthening its relations with EastAsia, particularly Southeast Asian countries, for the enhancement of cooperation in areas such asthe economy and tourism. From the establishment of the MSAR Government to the end of 2006,the first and second Chief Executive, Edmund Ho Hau Wah led delegations to countries includingSingapore, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. In 2007, he made further visits to Thailand, Malaysia, andSingapore. In January 2011, the incumbent Chief Executive Chui Sai On led a delegation for anofficial visit to Singapore.144

External RelationsSigning agreementsWith support and assistance from the Central People’s Government, the MSAR Government strives to pursue mutual exemptionfrom visa requirements with many other countries and regions. By April 2013, a total of 104 countries and regions had grantedvisa-free access or visas on arrival to holders of Macao SAR Passports.145

Macao Yearbook 2013

ECONOMY

EconomyEconomyAlthough Macao has a relatively small economy, it pursues an open economic policy. It is one ofthe two international free ports in China. Goods, capital, foreign exchange and people flow freelyin and out of Macao. As a separate customs territory, it boasts one of the lowest tax regimes inthe region. Macao is integrated with the global economy and maintains traditional and specialeconomic ties with the European Union (EU) and Portuguese-speaking countries. Consequently,Macao plays a relatively important role in the regional economies and is an important gateway andbridge linking mainland China with international markets.Investment IncentivesMacao provides a level playing field for investors from around the world. At the same time, theseries of measures that have been implemented to encourage investment – including the provisionof various tax and financial incentives – have gradually made Macao an ideal place for investors.Tax IncentivesTo promote Macao’s long-term economic development, the Government offers tax incentives forprojects that benefit the territory’s development. Investment plans outlined in applications for thesemust meet one or more of the following criteria:• They must promote economic diversity;• They must contribute to the promotion of exports to new markets;• They must add value to the production chain; or• They must contribute to technological modernisation.Once an application is approved, applicants or their companies may be granted the followingtax incentives:1. Property purchased and used for production is exempt from all property tax. Rented propertyused for production is partially exempt. The exemption period for production facilities onthe Macao peninsula is no more than ten years; for those on the two islands, it is no morethan 20 years;2. Business tax is entirely waived for candidates who have received preliminary approval.Establishments (other than offshore banks) on the two islands enjoy a 50-percent reduction;3. Profit tax is reduced by 50 percent; and4. Stamp duty is reduced by between 50 percent and 100 percent for all property transfersinvolving industrial use. This includes transactions involving trade, administration, offshorecompanies, long-term leases and non-profit organisations. Charitable donations related toproperty transfers valued at less than 50,000 patacas also enjoy reduced stamp duty.In addition, the Government offers the following incentives:149

Macao Yearbook 20131. Businesses such as guest houses, hotels and restaurants are completely exempt from tourismtax; and2. Motor vehicles, tour buses, mass transit vehicles and trucks used by Government departmentsin Macao are all exempt from motor vehicle tax.Financial IncentivesThe Interest Subsidy Scheme on Bank Loans to Enterprises (By-law No. 16/2009), which on 30May 2011 was amended by By-law No. 10/2011, supports some struggling local enterprises sothey can improve business conditions and thereby adapt to changes in the industrial structure, witha series of supportive Government financial measures that include increased resource allocation,expanding the scope of support to cover more industries, granting entitlement to rebates to moreinvestment projects, simplified application requirements, and relieving the financial burdens ofenterprises benefiting from the rebates. The scheme is enacted to provide loan interest rebates toencourage local enterprises investing in Macao to increase investment within their business areas, soas to foster diversification of local economic activities, promote environmental protection, supporttechnological innovation and transformation, increase their competitiveness, and realise businessmodernisation. Enterprises that benefit from the scheme enjoy a four percent interest subsidy peryear. The maximum period of subsidy is four years, counting from the first day of loan repayments,and the subsidy is calculated according to the outstanding capital in each instalment.Coverage of Interest Subsidy Scheme in 2012 (as at end of Q4)Type of industry Percentage (%) (1) Approved subsidyamount (MOP) (2)Approvedcases (2)Wholesale 20.52% 65,760,844 17Construction and public works 20.51% 65,745,790 14Public services, social welfareand private servicesReal estate activities andcorporate services17.30% 55,449,419 1916.05% 51,454,465 12Retail 7.02% 22,511,270 6Transport and warehousing 4.93% 15,788,545 7Chinese restaurants, restaurantsand hotelsFood, beverage and tobaccoproducts4.92% 15,759,776 92.84% 9,110,000 2Paper, printing and publishing 2.45% 7,864,270 4150

EconomyCoverage of Interest Subsidy Scheme in 2012 (as at end of Q4)Type of industry Percentage (%) (1) Approved subsidyamount (MOP) (2)Textile, garment and leathermanufacturingApprovedcases (2)1.99% 6,394,060 1Other industries 1.47% 4,700,000 2Notes: (1) As a percentage of the total approved subsidy amount; (2) Subject to approval dateUnder Decree-Law No. 49/85/M, Article 11 in particular, the Government will grant repayableor non-repayable subsidies for the following investment projects:• Manufacturing of new products that involve serious economic risks but are nonethelessworthwhile;• Introduction of new projects and developments that support Macao’s industrial development;and• Establishment of pollution-prevention facilities that benefit Macao.(Cont.)Export Diversification IncentivesAny company registered with the Economic Services Bureau may apply for a subsidy. Full subsidiesapply to rental of exhibition venues and expenses for the construction, installation and dismantlingof booths; expenses for furnishing booths and assistance with their operation during exhibitions;and expenses relating to participation in exhibitions by chambers of commerce, including travelexpenses for their representatives (the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute will decidethe number of representatives).Sixty-percent subsidies are applied to production of printed materials, such as leaflets, cataloguesand pamphlets up to a maximum cost of 40,000 patacas; production of audio-visual equipment upto a maximum cost of 70,000 patacas; and individual participation in exhibitions outside Macaoup to a maximum cost of 60,000 patacas, for the renting of booths and set-up fees.Fifty-percent subsidies are applied to products for participation in international exhibitions ortrade missions led by the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute; transportation costs forproduct samples (weighing a maximum of 20 kg for air transport and up to three cubic metres insize for sea transport); and two economy-class return tickets (purchased from local travel agents)for each enterprise.Following the transformation of both internal and external economic environments, the fourpillars of Macao’s economy – manufacturing; tourism and gaming; banking and finance; andconstruction and real estate – have seen remarkable changes in terms of their shares in the localGDP. Recently, the contribution to Macao’s GDP of the tourism and gaming industry has overtaken151

Macao Yearbook 2013the combined total of the other three industries.ManufacturingFollowing its 1980s boom, Macao’s manufacturing industry now faces changes in the worldwidemanufacturing supply chain and disparity in regional manufacturing costs. Since the 1990s, Macaohas gradually transformed into a more service-oriented economy. As a result, the GDP share ofthe manufacturing industry dropped from 20.6 percent in 1989 to 0.7 percent in 2011. In 2011,the total output and added value of the manufacturing industry were 6.36 billion and 1.32 billionpatacas respectively.In 2012, the total value of Macao’s exports was 8.16 billion patacas, representing year-on-yeargrowth of 17.1 percent, of which Macao’s domestic product exports accounted for 2.29 billionpatacas, down 4.4 percent year on year. The value of re-exports was 5.87 billion patacas, up 28.2percent year on year. Hong Kong continued to be the major export market for Macao with a shareof 50.2 percent of Macao’s total export value, an increase of 31.7 percent year on year. MainlandChina accounted for 16.8 percent of Macao’s total export value, an increase of 24.7 percent yearon year. The United States accounted for 6.2 percent, a decrease of 8.7 percent.A breakdown of product exports reveals that textile and garment exports in 2012 were worth1.05 billion patacas, down 21.3 percent year on year and representing 12.9 percent of total exportvalue. Machinery and spare parts and tobacco and wines accounted for 17.5 percent and 9.4 percentof total exports respectively, while copper and copper products accounted for 4.6 percent.Product export value under CEPA in 2012 totalled 104 million patacas and included: garmentsand textiles, copper-clad laminates, stamps, recycled plastics, coffee, food items, printer ribbonsand ink. Tax with a total value of 9.292 million patacas was waived. During the past nine years,the total value of zero-tariff goods entering mainland China in accordance with CEPA provisionswas 360 million patacas, with 29.09 million patacas of taxes waived.Financial IndustryThe financial industry in Macao underwent rapid development towards the end of the 1980s.Following 20 years of growth and refinement, Macao now boasts a sophisticated and open financialsystem with unique characteristics in the region. The Monetary Authority supervises Macao’sfinancial industry.Macao’s financial institutions consist of banks, insurance companies, financial companies,financial intermediaries, bureaux de change, cash remittance companies, non-banking creditagencies and the representative offices of overseas financial institutions. As at 31 December 2012,among financial institutions authorised to operate in Macao there were 29 banks (including theGovernment-owned Postal Savings Office), 23 insurance companies, one pension-fund managementcompany, one finance company, two financial intermediary companies, 12 bureaux de change, sixbureaux de change counters, two cash remittance companies, one non-banking credit agency andone representative office of an overseas financial institution.152

EconomyThe Banking SystemThe primary legislation regulating Macao’s financial industry, the Financial System Act, waspromulgated in 1993, and focuses on measures to strengthen risk management. In particular, itemphasises strict requirements on operators, and monitors the suitability of major shareholdersand managers, and new operating risks. The act also introduced a new monitoring system basedon financial institutions and their subsidiaries. The act takes into account the recommendationsof the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and lessons learnt from the EU’s experience inharmonising banking legislation, while drawing on the experiences of countries and territorieswhose financial systems are similar to those of Macao.In accordance with the Financial System Act, the Chief Executive of the MSAR may, on anindividual basis, approve the registration of credit institutions in Macao, the establishment ofbranches of overseas credit institutions, the setting-up of branches or representative offices outsideMacao by locally registered credit institutions, and the establishment of financial intermediariesand other financial institutions in Macao, after considering the advice of the Monetary Authority.However, this provision does not include companies regulated by special laws.In addition, under Decree-Law No. 58/99/M of 18 October 1999, the Offshore Service Law, theChief Executive of Macao, may, on the advice of the Monetary Authority, grant permission for theestablishment of offshore financial institutions.At the end of 2012, the 29 banks in Macao owned assets with a total value of 796.2 billionpatacas, and hired 5,348 employees at their 188 headquarters and branches. Total deposits inMacao’s banking system amounted to 540.6 billion patacas, while loans totalled almost 407 billionpatacas – the loan-to-deposit ratio being 75.3 percent.When classified by source of origin, the banking system of Macao – excluding the GovernmentoperatedMacao Postal Savings – has just one bank registered with local capital, with the other27 currently operating banks being either branches or subsidiaries of overseas banking groups.Foreign capital mainly comes from seven countries and regions: mainland China, Portugal, theUnited States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong.The operations of Macao’s banks now make extensive use of computer software and hardware.With the popularity of electronic banking, inter-bank ATMs are now found all over Macao, servingcustomers of different banks. Additionally, certain banks offer 24-hour banking services via channelsincluding mobile phones and the Internet.Notwithstanding their relatively rapid development in recent years, Macao’s banks have continuedto achieve new heights in terms of financial results, thanks to their strong business tradition, prudentoperations, and stringent regulation. Macao’s banks also boast healthy capital, full liquidity andquality assets, keeping the whole banking system safe and reliable.The Insurance IndustryMarket OverviewAt the end of 2011, some 23 insurance companies were permitted to conduct business in Macao.153

Macao Yearbook 2013Of these, 11 were life insurance companies and the other 12 were engaged in non-life insurance.Classified by their origins, eight of these companies were local, and the other 15 were branchesof overseas companies. In addition, one fund-management company was authorised to conductpension-fund business in the SAR. At the end of 2012, Macao’s insurance industry employed 459people. There were 3,364 authorised insurance intermediaries: 2,266 individual agents, 1,016salespersons, 69 corporate agents, and 13 insurance brokers.In 2012, total insurance premium income was 5.4 billion patacas, 23.8 percent more than in2011. Life insurance premium income accounted for 69.4 percent of the insurance market’s totalincome, with the remaining 30.6 percent coming from non-life insurance. Life insurance premiumstotalled 3.7 billion patacas, up by 19.1 percent from the previous year. Non-life insurance premiumstotalled 1.7 billion patacas, representing an increase of 35.9 percent.At the end of 2012, seven life insurance companies and one pension-fund management companywere providing private pension fund management services. So far, 46 pension funds have beenestablished under the Legal Framework for Private Pension Funds, of which five are closed-end and41 are open-end funds. To date, more than 780 private pension fund schemes have been establishedby businesses or self-employed individuals, benefiting a total of more than 100,000 employees.The assets of the managed funds totalled about 8.5 billion patacas.Supervision and Regulation of the Insurance IndustryIn Macao, the duty to supervise, coordinate and inspect insurance activities rests with the ChiefExecutive, with the Monetary Authority authorised to perform these functions.The Macao Insurance Law, the Legal Framework for Private Pension Funds, and the Insuranceagents and Brokers Law have been formulated to regulate insurance companies, private pensionfund management companies, and insurance intermediaries, respectively.Compulsory InsuranceThere are six categories of compulsory insurance in Macao, all of which require uniform policywording and tariff rates. The compulsory insurance categories include: motor vehicle (third-partyrisks) insurance, employees’ compensation insurance, professional liability insurance for travelagents, public liability insurance relating to the installation of publicity and advertising objects,third party liability for pleasure boats, and civil liability insurance for lawyers.Insurance Intermediaries Quality Assurance SchemeTo raise the overall level of professionalism of insurance intermediaries, it is required that allapplicants must pass a qualification examination before obtaining an intermediary licence andconducting insurance business in Macao. In 2012, a total of 3,320 candidates sat the insuranceintermediary qualification examination, with a pass rate of 86 percent.To better protect customer interests and ensure that all intermediaries possess basic productknowledge, it became mandatory from 1 July 2011 for all intermediaries intending to sell investment-154

Economylinked insurance products to pass a qualifying examination. However, intermediaries who hadobtained life insurance licences before this date were granted a two-year transition period beforethey had to meet the requirement. The transition period ended on 30 June 2013. At the end of 2012,a total of 1,024 candidates had sat for the qualifying examination with a pass rate of 82 percent.To further safeguard customer interests, the Monetary Authority has enacted various rules that setstandards for data disclosure methods and procedures for insurance companies. The rules includedetailed explanations of the cooling-off period specific to life insurance policies, and the rights andinterests concerned, as well as various guidelines regarding life insurance.The Construction and Real Estate IndustryAs Macao’s economy rebounded soon after the Handover, the local property industry entered anew stage of development.The average sales price for residential units in 2012, calculated in terms of usable floor area,was 57,362 patacas per square metre, 38.4 percent higher than the previous year’s figure of 41,433patacas. The average prices per gross floor area for residential units on the Macao peninsula, Taipaand Coloane were 52,573 patacas, 64,494 patacas and 80,981 patacas per square metre, respectively.The corresponding sales price of industrial units was 20,812 patacas per square metre, up by73.4 percent from a year earlier.The average sales price of office space was 46,320 patacas per square metre, up by 32.1 percentfrom a year earlier.In 2012, construction began on buildings totalling a gross floor area of 304,376 square metres,17.1 percent less than in the previous year. These buildings, when completed, will provide 1,592residential units, 1,029 car parking spaces and 355 motorcycle parking spaces.Buildings completed in 2012 (including expansion) providing 2,558 units with a total areaof 1,568,470 square metres, representing a 34.9 percent increase compared with 2011. Amongthem, 2,443 were residential units, up 1.2-fold year on year, 4,236 car parking spaces and 1,468motorcycle parking spaces.In 2012, the number of recorded residential transactions involving payment of property transferstamp duty was 25,419, down eight percent year on year, with a total transaction value of 100.91billion patacas, up 32.3 percent. Among them, 9,520 units were new building units within the realestate tax waiver period (representing 37.5 percent of the total), involving a total transaction valueof 52.42 billion patacas.A total of 16,917 residential units changed hands in 2012 (of which 4,527 were uncompletedunits), 2,205 less than in 2011. Among them 12,435 were located in the Macao peninsula, 3,440in Taipa and 1,042 in Coloane. The total value of transaction was 74.23 billion patacas, 26.1percent higher than the figure in 2011. The numbers of shops, offices and industrial building unitsbought and sold during the year were 2,189, 783 and 246 respectively. For parking spaces, 5,122transactions were recorded.In 2012, prices of construction materials rose steadily. The price index of construction materials155

Macao Yearbook 2013for residential buildings rose by 3.5 percent year on year to 120.1. The price indices for sand andconcrete rose by 22.6 percent and 21.2 percent respectively.The average daily wage of a construction worker in 2012 decreased by 2.1 percent year onyear to 565 patacas, however, the average daily wage of local construction workers increasedby 9.7 percent over the past year to 670 patacas. The real wage index for construction workers,discounted for inflation, was 88.4, down 6.9 percent on the previous year. The real wage index oflocal construction workers, however, increased by 2.4 percent to 99.9.Employment and the Labour MarketGiven the sluggish global economy with its weak prospects for revival, Macao’s economic growthslowed slightly in 2012, but local employment remained healthy. With labour demand continuingto outstrip supply, the unemployment rate declined to an all-time low of two percent, and the paidincome of employees and the number of foreign employees both increased significantly.According to 2012 Q4 statistics, Macao’s labour population totalled 357,000 and the employedpopulation was 350,000 (98.1 percent), of which 51.6 percent were males and 48.4 percent werefemales. The unemployment population totalled 6,600 (1.9 percent). The median monthly salaryof the employed population was 12,000 patacas, up 20.0 percent over the previous year. At theend of December 2012, the number of foreign employees imported to ease local labour shortageincreased by 17.6 percent compared with the figure in 2011.The Working Population and Labour Force Participation RateIn 2012, Macao recorded a labour participation rate of 72.4 percent. The labour participation rate formales was 78.6 percent, and for females was 66.8 percent. Classified by age and gender, the 35-44age group achieved the highest labour participation rate, 92.8 percent, comprising 96.8 percent ofmen and 89.5 percent of women.EmploymentOf Macao’s employed population in 2012, the median age was 39.4 (40.0 for males and 38.8for females). Broken down by sector, the working population was mainly engaged in cultural,entertainment, gaming and other service industries (25.8 percent); hotels and catering (15.5 percent);wholesale and retail (12.7 percent); and construction (9.3 percent).Classified by occupation, clerical workers made up the largest group, followed by service andretail workers, and non-technical workers; these three categories accounted for 29.0 percent, 20.7percent and 16.3 percent, respectively, of the entire working population.Of the employed population, 17.7 percent had qualifications not higher than primary education,26.1 percent had completed lower secondary school education, 28.9 percent had completed highersecondary school education and 27.3 percent had completed tertiary education. The main age groupsin the employed population were 25 to 34, 35 to 44 and 45 to 54, accounting for 28.3 percent, 24.2percent and 23.6 percent, respectively, of the working population.156

EconomyUnemployment and UnderemploymentIn the fourth quarter of 2012, Macao recorded an unemployed population of around 6,600,representing an unemployment rate of 1.9 percent. Among the unemployed, 83.9 percent hadwork experience and were looking for jobs, whereas 16.1 percent had not worked before and werelooking for their first job. In terms of education, 26.3 percent of the unemployed had completedonly primary education or below; 31.8 percent, 21.6 percent and 20.2 percent had completed lower,higher secondary and tertiary education respectively.Among the unemployed, 67.3 percent had spent less than four months looking for a job, 18.8percent had spent four to six months looking for a job, and 4.3 percent had spent more than 12months. Among the unemployed looking for a new job, 32.0 percent were from the cultural,entertainment, gaming and other services sector, 17.5 percent from the construction industry,15.0 percent from the wholesale and retail industry, 14.9 percent from the hotel and cateringsector. In terms of their occupations before being unemployed, 32.9 percent of the job seekerswere clerks, 22.9 percent were service workers or in sales, and 15.9 percent were unskilledworkers. The major causes of unemployment were personal or family reasons (38.2 percent),unsatisfactory work conditions (20.1 percent), termination of temporary jobs (14.2 percent), andclosure of business (13.8 percent).Monthly EarningsStatistics reveal that in the fourth quarter of 2012, the overall median monthly income of Macao’semployed population was 12,000 patacas. The median monthly income of the cultural, entertainment,gaming and other services sector, which employed the largest number of workers, was 15,000patacas, and that of gaming in particular was 15,000 patacas. Sectors with the highest medianmonthly income were, in descending order, public administration and social security (28,400patacas), education (17,000 patacas), water, electricity and gas production and supply (16,500patacas), and medical, healthcare and social welfare (15,000 patacas).Non-Resident WorkersAt the end of December 2012, Macao had 110,552 non-resident workers, an increase of 17.6 percentyear on year. The hotel and catering industry accounted for the largest share of non-resident workers(30.8 percent), followed by household jobs (16.4 percent), construction (13.9 percent), wholesaleand retail (10.5%), cultural, entertainment, gaming and other services (10.1 percent), including1,427 construction workers directly hired by gaming companies.Financial ManagementThe Financial Services Bureau fulfils its public finance management function by supervising thefinancial operations of the MSAR in accordance with the law. It puts in place a set of regulations andguidelines concerning budget management, and enhances its financial supervision over autonomousentities. The principle of setting budgets is that public resources should be allocated in the way that157

Macao Yearbook 2013most appropriately serves the best interests of the public.In accordance with the annual budget passed by the Legislative Assembly, the Financial ServicesBureau oversees the financial status of each public department, and ensures compliance with thepublic accounting system and regulations, guaranteeing legitimacy of all expenses. These rigorousadministrative measures are designed to maintain balance of the Government’s revenues andexpenses, foster steady economic development and increase the international competitiveness ofMacao.To fulfil the functions of coordinating and monitoring the financial operations of publicdepartments, the Financial Services Bureau compiles the Budget of the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion (“General Budget”) and General Accounts of the Macao Special Administrative Region(“General Accounts”) on an annual basis.Budget of the Macao Special Administrative RegionThe Budget of the Macao Special Administrative Region includes two parts: the comprehensiveGovernment budget, and the budget for specific organisations.The comprehensive Government budget adopts cash-basis accounting, and covers publicdepartments that can be categorised into non-autonomous departments, autonomous administrativedepartments, and autonomous entities. A budget fiscal year is from 1 January to 31 December. Everyyear, the schedule for submitting budget proposals and the special requirements for compiling budgetproposals are stipulated via an Executive Order. Typically, early in the latter half of the year theFinancial Services Bureau sends the format of the General Budget proposal for the following yearto all public departments, according to this schedule. Then all public departments are allowed twoto three months to collect and compile data, and to submit the budget proposals already reviewed bythe supervisory entities to the Financial Services Bureau. After consolidating the budget proposalsof all public departments, a comprehensive budget proposal is submitted to the Chief Executiveand later to the Legislative Assembly for discussion. The budget proposal can only come into effectafter it has been approved by the Legislative Assembly and published in the Macao SAR Gazette.The General Budget lists all Government income and expenditure. Any income that is not includedin the General Budget should not be received. At the same time, expenses of public departmentsmust not exceed the maximum levels stipulated in the General Budget.The budget for specific organisations adopts accrual accounting, mainly as these organisationsare engaged in special businesses such as credit, insurance, financial investment or postal services,as accrual accounting is necessary to truly reflect their financial status. There are six specificorganisations: Macao Post Office, Macao Postal Savings, Pension Fund Authority, MonetaryAuthority, Motor and Marine Guarantee Fund and Macao Foundation.General Accounts of the Macao Special Administrative RegionThe Budget of the Macao Special Administrative Region regulates Government income andexpenditure, while the General Accounts of the Macao Special Administrative Region record theGovernment’s actual financial situation. The General Accounts are in two parts. The first part – on158

Economythe general comprehensive government budget – reflects the results of implementing the generalcomprehensive budget as well as the year-end financial situation, and is prepared according tocash-basis accounting.The second part – the budget of specific organisations – adopts accrual accounting to reflect theoverall operating results of six specific organisations. The Financial Services Bureau is required tosubmit the information necessary for the General Accounts of the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion to the Commission of Audit within five months of the end of a financial year, to facilitatethe audit process.Management of Public PropertyThe Public Property Management Department under the Financial Services Bureau is responsible forthe management and maintenance of the durable assets of the Government. This includes carryingout procedures related to trading in the Government’s physical property, assisting with clarificationof the characteristics of vehicles owned by each Government department, holding open tenders forgoods and services required by the Government, organising and updating records of durable assetsand lists of assets, and analysing the tangible asset accounts of public departmentsTo implement the above responsibilities, the Financial Services Bureau holds public auctionseach year for confiscated goods or goods which are deemed unusable by Government departments.To increase its revenue, the Government announces auction dates and ensures that auctions adhereto the principle that the highest bid wins. The Financial Services Bureau conducts open tendersfor goods and raw materials needed by the Government. The tender agenda is published in localnewspapers, the Macao SAR Gazette and the Financial Services Bureau website. Natural personsor companies already registered with the Business Registration Centre of the Financial ServicesBureau as engaging in businesses related to items included in the tender can participate in thebidding for all or part of the commodities. The winner is the bidder who makes the best offer interms of price, quality of goods and delivery date. The judging criteria also include the quality ofgoods provided previously and any record of overrulings.The management of public property also includes the duty of allocating and managingGovernment quarters and parking lots, as well as the maintenance of such quarters. Other dutiesinclude renting offices, warehouses, housing and car parks, as well as making recommendationson the usage of Government-owned properties and community and infrastructure facilities, andhandling property and facility transfers.Sources of Tax RevenueGovernment Tax RevenueTax income provides funds for the administrative activities of all public entities. Macao hasadopted a simple taxation structure with low tax rates. The annual assessment period is from1 January to 31 December. Taxes levied in Macao include gaming tax, business tax, corporateincome tax, personal income tax, real estate tax, tourism tax, motor vehicle tax and asset transferstamp duty.159

Macao Yearbook 2013Gaming TaxThe operators of all types of gaming activities, including casino gaming, horse racing, dog racingand lottery bets, are liable to pay a certain percentage of their gross revenues in tax, or pay taxaccording to other levy scales. Gaming tax is calculated by gross casino gaming revenue taxed atthe rate of 35 percent. Gaming tax is the Government’s major source of revenue.Business TaxThe Regulations on Business Tax require that business tax be levied on all natural persons and legalpersons operating any activity with the nature of industrial or commercial business. The amountof tax depends on the fixed amounts stipulated in the Summary of Activities contained in theRegulations on Business Tax. Although business tax is typically 300 patacas a year, for commercialbanks the tax is 80,000 patacas.Profit TaxRegulations on Profit Tax require that profit tax be levied on the total income of individuals orgroups from local industrial or commercial activities. Rates of profit tax are set out as follows:Taxable annual revenueRevenue up to 32,000 patacasPercentageWaivedProgressively in excess of designated amount:32,001 patacas to 65,000 patacas 3%65,001 patacas to100,000 patacas 5%100,001 patacas to 200,000 patacas 7%200,001 patacas to 300,000 patacas 9%Over 300,000 patacas 12%Personal Income TaxRegulations on Personal Income Tax require that personal income tax be levied on working income.Personal income tax payers are classified into two groups. One group is those working for others inany occupation, including daily wage earners and employees. The second group is self-employedfreelance professionals. Personal income tax rates are as follows:160

EconomyTaxable annual revenueRevenue up to 95,000 patacasPercentageWaivedProgressively in excess of designated amount:Up to 20,000 patacas 7%20,001 patacas to 40,000 patacas 8%40,001 patacas to 80,000 patacas 9%80,001 patacas to 160,000 patacas 10%160,001 patacas to 280,000 patacas 11%Over 280,000 patacas 12%Tourism TaxRegulations on Tourism Tax require that a five-percent tourism tax be levied on all the servicecharges of hotels and similar establishments, gyms and saunas, massage parlours and karaoke bars.Real Estate TaxRegulations on Urban Real Estate Tax require that real estate tax be levied on the revenue of localhousing properties, and that the tax rate shall be six percent on the taxable revenue for non-leasedproperties, while that for leased properties shall be ten percent.Asset Transfer Stamp DutyTransfer of an immovable asset before death, whether such transfer be temporary or permanent, orpaid or unpaid, is subject to asset transfer stamp duty at the following rates:Taxable areaPaid transfer of an immovable asset with a value of upto two million patacasTax rate1%From over two million patacas to four million patacas 2%Over four million patacas 3%Unpaid transfer of an asset 5%161

Macao Yearbook 2013Excise DutyExcise duty is levied on cement, fuel, lubricants, tobacco, alcoholic drinks and sparkling soft drinkscontaining flavourings and minerals. Certain alcoholic drinks are subject to an ad valorem tax basedon their CIF price in Macao, while other products are subject to fixed rates of consumption tax.Motor Vehicle TaxNatural persons or legal persons importing new motor vehicles for their own use or for transfer toconsumers are subject to motor vehicle tax based on the taxable value of motor vehicles. Rates ofmotor vehicle tax are as follows:Heavy and light motorcyclesLevel of taxable value (patacas)Corresponding rateof each levelEffective averagetax rateUp to 15,000 patacas --- 10%From over 15,000 patacas to 25,000 patacas 35% 20%From over 25,000 patacas to 40,000 patacas 40% 30%Over 40,000 patacas --- 30%CarsLevel of taxable value (patacas)Corresponding rateof each levelEffective averagetax rateUp to 100,000 patacas --- 30%From over 100,000 patacas to 200,000 patacas 40% 35%From over 200,000 patacas to 300,000 patacas 65% 45%From over 300,000 patacas to 500,000 patacas 70% 55%Over 500,000 patacas --- 55%Financial Services BureauThe Financial Services Bureau is mainly responsible for supervising, coordinating and monitoringthe financial activities of public departments.162

EconomyRegistered Auditors and AccountantsAt the end of 2012, there were 13 registered auditing companies, 110 registered auditors and 169registered accountants in Macao.The “Mainland Factor” in Macao’s EconomyUnder the principle of “One country, two systems”, the Government actively strengthenseconomic and trade interaction and cooperation with provinces and cities on the mainland throughappropriate institutions and mechanisms, further developing Macao’s role as a gateway and bridge.Implementation of CEPA on 1 January 2004 and the framework agreement for Pan-Pearl RiverDelta (PPRD) regional cooperation signed in June 2004 marked new milestones for economic andtrade cooperation between Macao and the mainland. Macao’s emphasis on economic cooperationwith the mainland and the use of the enormous China market as its hinterland has enhanced itseconomic position.At the same time, mainland capital has become the growth engine for Macao’s economicdevelopment. Mainland-funded enterprises mainly engage in manufacturing, trade, finance, tourism,construction, transportation and insurance.The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (hereinafterreferred to as “the Outline”), introduced by the National Development and Reform Commission inJanuary 2009, sets out the blueprint to develop the Pearl River Delta into a large metropolitan regionof top global competitiveness; it will be mainly driven by the mutual cooperation and synergiesamong Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.In March 2011, the 12th Five-Year Plan included a chapter on Macao and Hong Kong thatmentioned strengthening of cooperation between mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao andthe continued implementation of CEPA; support for developing Macao into a world tourism andleisure centre and speeding up development of the economic and trading service platform betweenChina and Portuguese speaking countries; support for establishing a more diversified economy andspeeding up development of industries such as tourism, MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions,and Exhibitions), Chinese medicine, education, as well as cultural and creative industries.Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce show that the volume of trade between Macao andmainland China was 2.99 billion US dollars, up 18.6 percent year on year. During the whole of2012, Macao had 303 investment projects in mainland China, with an actual investment value of510 million US dollars. The cumulative total of Macao’s mainland China investment projects was13,142 at the end of December 2012, with an actual investment value of 10.89 billion US dollars.Macao investments accounted for 0.85 percent of mainland China’s cumulative total of foreigninvestments.The Mainland China and Macao Closer Economic PartnershipArrangement (CEPA)The Mainland China and Macao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) is an163

Macao Yearbook 2013arrangement between two separate tariff zones of a single country that is similar to a free-tradeagreement. In conformity with WTO rules and with the approval of the State Council, consultationsfor establishing CEPA were initiated in June 2003 in Beijing. On 17 October 2003, the MacaoSAR Government and the Ministry of Commerce signed the general principles of CEPA and itssix annexes, namely: the Arrangement for Implementation of Zero Tariff for Trade in Goods, Rulesof Origin for Trade in Goods, Procedures for the Issuing and Verification of Certificates of Origin,Specific Commitments on Liberalization of Trade in Services, Definition of “Service Supplier”and Related Requirements, and Trade and Investment Facilitation. CEPA became effectiveon 1 January 2004.Between 2004 and 2012, mainland China and Macao signed nine Supplementary Protocols toCEPA. Essentially, the three broad areas involved are: trade in merchandise, services trade, andtrade and investment facilitation. Regarding merchandise trade: since 2006, all goods originatingfrom Macao that are imported into mainland China have enjoyed zero tariffs, after the standards onplaces of origin are stipulated. At the end of 2012, a total of 1,260 types of goods had set standardson place of origin. (There were 273 in 2004, when the measure was first implemented.) Regardingservices: mainland China has relaxed its market entry requirements for Macao service providersin various industries. Since 1 January, 2013, mainland China has opened 48 areas and formulated318 measures for Macao, creating great room for collaboration and an extensive platform for thecooperative development of both Macao and mainland China.Regarding facilitation of trade and investment: Macao and mainland China have beguncooperation in 10 fields. These are:1. Trade and investment promotion;2. Facilitation of customs clearance;3. Merchandise inspection, fauna and flora quarantine, food safety, health and communicabledisease inspection and quarantine, accreditation and standardised management;4. E-commerce;5. Transparency of laws and regulations;6. Cooperation between SMEs;7. Cooperation with different industries, including Chinese medicine, MICE, cultural industry,environmental protection, and creative technology;8. Protection of intellectual property rights;9. Cooperation between brands; and10. Cooperation in education.The Economic Services Bureau joined hands with the Legal Affairs Bureau and the MacaoTrade and Investment Promotion Institute to launch the official CEPA website (www.cepa.gov.mo). This aims to provide a convenient channel for industrial and commercial enterprises and thepublic to obtain information about laws and regulations regarding trade and investment between164

EconomyMacao and mainland China.Interconnections with Other Mainland China Provinces and CitiesThe Government is committed to the policy of “Reaching out and inviting in”. While strivingto maintain close economic and trade relations with its neighbouring regions, it works activelyto explore and enhance exchanges and cooperation with other provinces and cities in mainlandChina. Macao has already established healthy interactive relationships with a number of mainlandprovinces, cities and autonomous regions, including Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning,Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Xichuan and Shaanxi, developing everyaspect of economic and trade cooperation.In November 2012, government leaders of the PPRD region including Secretary for Economyand Finance Tam Pak Yuen led delegations to attend the Eighth PPRD Regional Cooperation andDevelopment Forum held in Haikou, Hainan.The 2012 MIECF hosted by the Government and co-organised by 10 provincial/regionalgovernments in the PPRD region was held from 29 March to 31 March in Macao. Members of thePPRD region (9+2) set up their own pavilions and sent delegations to participate.In a bid to enhance economic and trade cooperation between Beijing and Macao, the Governmentled a business delegation of over 80 local entrepreneurs to Beijing in May 2012 to attend the firstChina (Beijing) International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS). In September, the first Beijing andMacao Economic and Trade Exchange Symposium, jointly organised by the People’s Governmentof Beijing Municipality and the MSAR Government, was held in Beijing.Relationship with Guangdong ProvinceMany manufacturers in Macao have moved their businesses across the border to the Pearl RiverDelta (PRD) in Guangdong Province. The PRD offers Hong Kong and Macao investors a vastarea for expansion, with capital and technology from Hong Kong and Macao driving the region’seconomic development.The Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Joint Conference mechanism was established in 2003.The conference set six priority projects for cooperation between the two regions. These were theservice sector, the Zhuhai-Macao Cross-border Industrial Zone research on the joint developmentof Hengqin Island, a major cross-border traffic network, tourism, and cooperation between ports.The conference mechanism has further enhanced the foundations for cooperation, complementedthe strengths of each partner, and integrated the advantages of the two regions. The combination ofGuangdong Province’s manufacturing industry, technical skills, talent and low costs with Macao’sstatus as a separate tariff region and free port has created mutual development and prosperity.The Zhuhai-Macao Cross-border Industrial Zone, the first large-scale joint investment projectby the two sides, was approved by the State Council on 5 December 2003. It is being builtbetween Maoshengwei in Gongbei, Zhuhai, and Ilha Verde in northwestern Macao. Phase oneof the project has a total area of 400,000 square metres. Some 290,000 square metres of this arein Zhuhai, and 110,000 square metres are in Macao. The Zhuhai-Macao Cross-border Industrial165

Macao Yearbook 2013Zone aims to enhance development of industries, and serves as a hub for logistics, transhipmentsand exhibitions.In March 2011, the Framework Agreement on Cooperation Between Guangdong and Macaowas signed in Beijing, representing a new milestone in the history of cooperation between the twoplaces. The agreement has eight chapters and 38 articles, encompassing all areas of economic,social and cultural cooperation as well as cooperation in people’s livelihoods. It serves to definethe approach, principles and objectives of Guangdong-Macao cooperation, and covers majorcooperative projects including joint development of Hengqin Island, synchronised developmentof industries, infrastructure and customs clearance facilitation, community public services andregional cooperation planning.The Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Joint Conference was held on 19 April 2011 in Zhuhai,Guangdong. The conference was followed by the signing of the Plan for the Implementationof the Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Framework Agreement, and the Agreement onGuangzhou and Macao Jointly Promoting the First Trial Implementation of CEPA in the NanshaIntegration Demonstration Area, and the Agreement on Zhuhai and Macao GovernmentsJointly Developing the Guangdong and Macao Traditional Chinese Medical Science andTechnology Industrial Park.On 19 April, an official launch ceremony was held for the Guangdong and Macao TraditionalChinese Medical Science and Technology Industrial Park in Hengqin, as part of the main agendaof the Joint Conference on Guangdong-Macao Cooperation. This signified the first Guangdong-Macao construction project to be officially launched since the signing of the FrameworkAgreement on Cooperation Between Guangdong and Macao. The Industrial Park, covering 0.5square kilometres, has been developed with the aim of becoming the base and an internationaltrading platform that integrates Chinese medicine and pharmacy, technology, convention andexhibition, and logistics.In January 2012, the Macao Guangzhou Famous Products Fair was held in Guangzhou for thefirst time. During the same period, the 2012 Guangzhou-Macao Trade Promotion Organisationsand Business Associations Meeting cum Industry Exchange and Cooperation Conference was alsoheld in Guangzhou.On 4 December 2012, three documents were signed at the Guangzhou-Macao Cooperation TaskForce meeting held in Macao. Agreements were made in the areas of convention and exhibition,cultural development and food supplies of the two cities.In 2012, Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of Guangdong Provinceand the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute co-organised the following trade andeconomic promotion activities:In June, the China-Portugal Enterprises Business Investment Forum and 2012 Guangdong-Macao-Portugal Economic and Trade Cooperation Promotion Seminar and the 2012 Guangdong-Macao-Italy Economic and Trade Cooperation Promotion Seminar were held in Lisbon and Romerespectively.In the same month, the two organisations joined the Fourth Cape Verde Tourism Fair and theEntrepreneurs Meeting for Commercial and Economic Cooperation between China and Portuguese-166

Economyspeaking Countries – Sal Isle of Cape Verde 2012, which was held in Cape Verde.Economic Services BureauThe Economic Services Bureau is mainly responsible for assisting in the formulation andimplementation of economic policies covering economic activities, intellectual property and otherareas designated by law as its responsibilities.Industrial LicencesUnder Decree-Law No. 11/99/M dated 22 March 1999, all assembly and processing manufacturingenterprises licensed under Decree-Law No. 55/97/M dated 9 December 1997 and listed in CategoryD of the first revised edition of the Macao Industries Classification Index must apply for industriallicences from the Economic Services Bureau. Under Article 11 of Decree-Law No. 11/99/M, it isstrictly prohibited to carry out the above activities in residential buildings.Applications for industrial licences are classified as “general system” (for industrial buildings),“special system” or “special activities”. A non-special activities licence for a general-systemoperation in an industrial building costs 500 patacas. The fees for special-system (not located inindustrial buildings) or special-activity licences are calculated according to the floor area, and theyrange from 700 patacas to 4,500 patacas.In 2012, the Economic Services Bureau issued five general-system industrial licences and 17special system/special activities industrial licences. In addition, 11 general-system industrial unitlicences and 32 special-system/special-activity industrial unit licences were issued, 34 industriallicences and 86 industrial unit licences were revoked, and 126 industrial licences were reissueddue to the transfer, removal or merger of industrial establishments, or because information relatingto them had changed.Certificates of OriginCertificates of Origin (CO) may be applied for from the Economic Services Bureau. These are usedto prove to a third party that exports have been sufficiently assembled and processed in Macao, andare thus classified as products originating in Macao.There are four types of COs: the Certificate of Origin, the Generalised System of Preferences(GSP) Certificate of Origin, the Certificate of Origin (Foreign Products) and the CEPA Certificate ofOrigin. The first is a general document used for customs clearance. The second is used for customsclearance in importing countries and regions that use GSP. The third is used to prove that Macaowas not the origin of products re-exported via Macao. The fourth is used for goods of Macao originthat enjoy zero tariff and other incentives under CEPA.In 2012, the Economic Services Bureau issued 8,881 COs, for exports primarily destined forthe United States and the EU. Exports to the United States accounted for 41.8 percent of the total;exports to the EU for 26.6 percent. The bureau also issued 19 GSP Certificates of Origin; 73.7percent of these were for exports to the EU. It also issued 465 CEPA certificates of origin.167

Macao Yearbook 2013Certificates of Macao Service SupplierTo enjoy the incentives and benefits under CEPA, all Macao enterprises that conform to Annex 5of CEPA and all regulations in supplementary protocols are required to apply to the EconomicServices Bureau for a Certificate of Macao Service Supplier. From 1 January 2004, when CEPAwas implemented, to 31 December 2012, the Economic Services Bureau issued 429 Certificatesof Macao Service Suppliers.Export and Import LicencesLicences for Export and Import are regulated by External Trade Law (Law No. 7/2003). Underthe law, any natural person or legal person may engage in external trade activities, provided theGovernment holds evidence that they have fulfilled their tax obligations, particularly those involvingbusiness tax and excise duty. Macao exercises minimal controls over import and export activitiesthat are consistent with its international obligations, and considerations of environmental, sanitary,safety and security issues.The laws and regulations that currently govern imports and exports include:• Law No. 7/2003 of the External Trade Law;• Regulatory By-law No. 28/2003 on External Trade Operations;• Executive Order No. 452/2011 (Table of goods for self use or self consumption; ExportationTable and Importation Table; and table of goods requiring health quarantine/plantquarantine);• Decree-Law No. 45/86/M on regulations applicable to Macao under the Convention onInternational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES);• Law No. 4/99/M of the Excise Duty Regulations amended by Law No. 8/2008 on 25 August,Law No. 7/2009 on 25 May and Law No. 11/2011 on 19 December;• Decree-Law No. 62/95/M about the formulation of policies and measures on the Controland Reduced Use of Ozone-Depleting Substances and its related regulations;• Executive Order No. 425/2009 setting a limit on the annual import of HCFCs, in Table Cof Executive Order No. 78/GM/95, issued on 4 December; and• Decree-Law No. 51/99/M regulating commercial or industrial activities concerning computerprograms, audiovisual products, and other relevant regulations.According to law, licences for commodities that are subject to the special regime, listed inExportation Table A and Importation Table B (contained in Executive Order No. 452/2011), mustbe applied for in advance, regardless of the type of import or export. These licences are issued byauthorised institutions. The Economic Services Bureau is authorised to issue such licences.Regulated exported goods include:• Textiles and garments;168

Economy• Species regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of WildFauna and Flora (CITES);• Ozone-depleting substances;• CD ROM production facilities;• Weapons, ammunition and related parts and accessories; and• Pharmaceutical items and medicines, and certain chemicals.Regulated imported goods include:• Drinks with alcohol concentrations of at least 30 percent by volume, and tobacco;• Motor vehicles;• Species regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of WildFauna and Flora (CITES);• Ozone-depleting substances;• CD ROM production facilities and materials;• Live animals, meat and seafood, eggs and certain milk products;• Pharmaceutical products and drugs, and certain chemicals;• Weapons, ammunition and related parts and accessories;• Inflammable explosives; and• Certain telecommunication transmitters and receivers.Since applications for export licences for textile and garment products were first processedelectronically in the fourth quarter of 2000, the Economic Services Bureau has been steppingup its efforts to electronically process applications for import and export licences. Since theintroduction of the pilot scheme for electronically processing the import licence applications ofsome products in 2004, the number of applications for electronic services increased graduallyfrom 2005 to 2012, with product categories expanding to include cigarettes, alcohol, motorvehicles, and air conditioners.In 2012, the Economic Services Bureau issued 6,548 export licences and 32,107 import licences.Protection of Intellectual Property RightsThe Intellectual Property Department of the Economic Services Bureau is responsible for managingand enforcing laws relating to intellectual property rights; handling registration affairs relating toindustrial property rights, including registration of trademarks, business names and logos; patentsfor inventions; utility patents, designs/new prototypes, semiconductor product topographies,places of origin / geographical indicators and awards. It is also responsible for updating andrecording any remarks, extensions and acts of termination relating to industrial property rights.In addition, the department registers copyright and other related rights collectively managed by169

Macao Yearbook 2013relevant organisations. The Macao Customs Service is responsible for enforcement of legislationand implementation of punitive measures regarding intellectual property rights, to enhance faircompetition and combat counterfeiting, thus promoting compliance with intellectual property rightsand authorship regulations.Intellectual Property Rights SystemThe Copyright and Related Rights Code and the Industrial Property Law are currently the twomajor pieces of legislation related to intellectual property rights in Macao.Copyright and Related Rights CodeIn Macao, copyright is regulated by the 27 April 1966 Decree-Law No. 46980, published in theGovernment Gazette on 8 January 1972. Law No. 4/85/M was then promulgated on 25 November1985 and supplemented by Decree-Law No. 17/98/M promulgated on 4 May 1998. On 16 August1999 the Copyright and Related Rights Law (Decree-Law No. 43/99/M) was gazetted and cameinto effect on 1 October of the same year, protecting copyright under clearly defined terms. Theregulation provides full protection for works of literature, drama, music and art, movies andtelevision broadcasting, as well as all original productions, and it fulfils the requirements of TradeRelated Intellectual Property Rights formulated by the WTO.To comply with the international protection standards arising from the special features of themodern information society, in 2012 the Government amended the Copyright and Related RightsLaw approved by Decree-Law No. 43/99/M to produce Law No. 5/2012, which came into effect on1 June in the same year. The amended Copyright and Related Rights Law enhances the rights andprotection of copyright holders, art workers and producers, providing them with the rights of Internettransmission, distribution and commercial lease. At the same time, the law also adequately modifiesthe relevant criminal penalty to further protect copyright in a digital environment. Together, thesemeasures more closely aligned Macao’s copyright system with the latest international protectionstandards.In Macao, copyright is an inherent right. A piece of work, whether issued, published, used oroperated, already lends copyright to the author upon completion, allowing the author to enjoy relatedlegal protection, even without registration. In general, copyright in Macao expires 50 years afterthe death of the author, including for works issued or published after death. However, the periodof protection of individual pieces of work varies, depending on their type.The Industrial Property Rights SystemThe current Industrial Property Law was promulgated on 13 December 1999 and came into effecton 6 June 2000, replacing the previous rules and regulations. It was only then that Macao had itsown industrial property rights laws and was able to completely fulfil its international duties. TheIndustrial Property Law offers protection in the following eight areas: patents, including inventionpatents and utility patents; certificates of complementary protection for drugs and herbal medicines;topology maps of semiconductor products; industrial designs and new industrial products;170

Economytrademarks; the names and logos of business establishments; places of origin and geographicalindications; and awards.Trademark RegistrationAny trademarks that fulfil the requirements of the Industrial Property Law may be registered inMacao, but registration is not compulsory. Trademark registration is geographical: trademarkregulations in the Macao SAR protect only trademarks issued locally. Separate applications mustbe made in other countries and regions for protection there.In 2012, the Intellectual Property Department of the Economic Services Bureau accepted 9,581applications for trademark licences, an increase of 11.54 percent on the 8,590 applications processedin 2011. Applications were mainly from mainland China, the United States, Hong Kong, Macao,Japan and British Virgin Islands. As at 31 December 2012, the Economic Services Bureau hadreceived a cumulative total of 87,336 applications.Patent RegistrationSince 7 June 2000, all applications for patents – including invention patents and utility patents,designs and new products – may be submitted directly to the Economic Services Bureau.The Economic Services Bureau and the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) signed theCooperation Agreement on Intellectual Property between the State Intellectual Property Officeand the Economic Services Bureau of the Macao SAR on 24 January 2003. They agreed to extendthe applicability of SIPO patent approvals to Macao. The effective period of this agreement wasextended for five years from 2008.In 2012, the Economic Services Bureau accepted 239 applications for patent extensions forinventions, 82 patent registration applications, and applications for registration of 167 designsand new products. These applications were mainly from Switzerland, Japan, the United States,Macao and mainland China. As at 31 December 2012, the Economic Services Bureau had receiveda cumulative total of 966 applications for patent extensions for inventions, 1,309 applications forpatents and applications for the registration of 1,033 designs and new products.SME Assistance ProgrammeSupporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has always been afocal point for the Government’s policy. In 2003, in response to the prevailing socio-economicsituation, three enterprise-finance programmes were introduced.Under the SME Assistance Programme introduced in May 2003, the Government providedenterprises with interest-free loans to improve business, enhance operating capacity and mitigateimpacts from SARS. During the past few years, Macao’s economy has grown rapidly. To meet theincreasing demands arising from development, in November 2006 the scheme was revised, and themaximum amount of financial aid was increased from 200,000 patacas to 300,000 patacas. Upona new revision in February 2009, the maximum amount was further increased to 500,000 patacas.171

Macao Yearbook 2013In March 2012, another revision increased the maximum amount to 600,000 patacas. As at the endof December 2012, a total of 7,005 applications had been received, of which 6,223 were approved,involving total financial aid amounting to 1.481 billion patacas (These figures include the financialaid applications by businesses affected by Severe Typhoon Hagupit in 2008). The enterprises thatreceived loans are mainly engaged in retailing, construction and public works, Chinese restaurantsand hotels, wholesale, public services, social welfare and private services, as well as real estateand company services.The SME Credit Assurance Scheme was launched in August 2003. The scheme is designedto assist enterprises in obtaining bank loans for business development. The MSAR Governmentprovides eligible enterprises with credit guarantees of up to 50 percent of a bank loan up to 1.5million patacas. The scheme was revised in June 2009, with the maximum credit guarantee rate raisedto 70 percent, and the maximum credit guarantee amount raised to 3.5 million patacas. From thescheme’s commencement to the end of December 2012, the Government received 308 applications,involving a total loan amount of 748 million patacas; of which 295 applicants obtained Governmentcredit guarantees totalling 492 million patacas. Most applicants were from the construction andpublic works sector, followed by retailing, wholesaling, imports and exports, real estate, companyservices, textiles, garments and leather manufacturing.The SME Special Credit Assurance Programme was introduced in August 2003. Its aim is toassist enterprises to carry out special projects. Under the financing scheme, the Government providesbanks with a maximum of 100 percent credit guarantee for the eligible enterprises. The maximumcredit is one million patacas. Since the scheme’s implementation at the end of December 2012,the Government has received 69 applications, involving a total credit guarantee of 55.037 millionpatacas, of which 56 applicants obtained 100 percent credit guarantees from the Government,with a total value of 45.73 million patacas. Most of the approved enterprises are engaged in retail,followed by wholesale, paper, printing and publishing, imports and exports, textiles, garments andleather manufacturing, restaurants and hotels.Monetary Authority of MacaoThe Monetary Authority of Macao functions as a quasi-central bank and has the power to superviseMacao’s financial system. Its predecessor was the Issuing Institute of Macau (Instituto Emissor deMacau) established in 1980 responsible for issuing local currency (i.e., the pataca) and managinggovernment foreign exchange reserves.In July 1989, the Monetary and Foreign Exchange Authority of Macau was created and assignedclearly defined functions and autonomy in administrative, financial and asset management. Theauthority also replaced the Issuing Institute of Macau. On 21 February 2000, the authority wasrenamed the Monetary Authority of Macao (AMCM). Its functions and responsibilities remainedunchanged.In addition to supervising the monetary and financial markets according to current legislation,the Monetary Authority also actively promotes long-term financial stability and sustaineddevelopment.172

EconomyMonetary PolicyCapital flows freely and currencies are freely convertible in Macao. The Government’s currencypolicies are to defend Macao’s currency and maintain its foreign exchange stability. The two policytools used to achieve these objectives are the deposit reserve and monetary bills. The deposit reserveratio is three percent for current savings, two percent for time deposits of less than three months, andone percent for time deposits of over three months. Monetary bills are a short-term money markettool issued by the Monetary Authority; and they are used to adjust the liquid capital of patacas inthe financial system. The interest rate usually remains competitive with interbank offer rates inHong Kong. In addition, the Monetary Authority of Macao adjusts liquidity in the money marketvia repurchase agreements and currency exchange contracts with the banks.The PatacaThe pataca has been the legal tender of Macao for more than a century. As early as 1905, the formerPortuguese administration authorised the Banco Nacional Ultramarino (BNU) to issue pataca notes.The first pataca notes were issued on 27 January of the following year. At that time, the Mexicaneight reales silver coin, called Pataca Mexicana in Portuguese, was very popular in Asia, and thepataca was named after it.In 1980, the former Portuguese administration set up the Issuing Institute of Macau (InstitutoEmissor de Macau), which was given the monopoly right to issue pataca notes. Since then, theBanco Nacional Ultramarino has continued to issue banknotes, but has acted only as the agent ofthe Issuing Institute of Macau. On 1 July 1989, the Monetary and Foreign Exchange Authority ofMacau was created. The Government redeemed the right to issue patacas, but the Banco NacionalUltramarino remained the agent bank for issuing notes. In October 1995, the Bank of China (BOC)became the second agent bank for note issuing. Although more than one bank is now authorised toissue notes in Macao, overall power to issue currency is retained by the Government.Under the currency board system, all the patacas issued must be 100-percent-backed by foreignexchange reserves. As legal backing for the notes they issue, the agent banks for note-issuing arerequired to pay an equivalent amount in Hong Kong dollars to the Monetary Authority of Macao;in exchange they receive a Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness at a fixed exchange rate of oneHong Kong dollar to 1.03 patacas. The 100-percent reserve backing system enables the MonetaryAuthority to ensure the full convertibility of the pataca into its reserve currency – the Hong Kongdollar – thus establishing the linked exchange rate relationship between the pataca and the HongKong dollar. As the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the US dollar, the pataca is indirectly peggedto the US dollar at an exchange rate of one US dollar to about eight patacas.The Government’s policy is to support the circulation and use of the pataca without rejecting thecirculation and use of other currencies. Decree-Law No. 16/95/M, Circulation of Local Currency– Mandatory Use of the Pataca, requires that any goods sold and services offered in local businesstransactions must be clearly priced in patacas; and they can also be simultaneously priced in oneor more other currencies. Under the decree-law, regardless of the nature and objectives of the debtsand transactions, no reasons or excuses can be used to decline settlement using the pataca.173

Macao Yearbook 2013From September 2002, the Bank of China began to provide deposit, remittance and exchangeservices in patacas in some major cities in Guangdong. The exchange business network has sincebeen extended to cover nearly all provinces and municipalities in mainland China. This move iscertain to increase the usage and circulation of patacas.Foreign Exchange ReservesThe Government consistently adheres to prudent investment strategies for managing foreignexchange reserves and the reserve fund. Provided the balance of international payments remainshealthy and stable, various investment tools may be used to achieve principal-guaranteed growth.Because part of the foreign currency assets held as foreign exchange reserves was transferred toa newly established fiscal reserve, its year-end balance in 2012 decreased by a significant 51.3percent over 2011 to 132.5 billion patacas.Fiscal ReserveA fiscal reserve was established on 1 January 2012, with the Monetary Authority of Macaoresponsible for its investments and management. The initial investment period adopts a generallyprudent approach. The capital of the fiscal reserve comes from the balance of the MSAR’s reservefund as well as the balance of past annual budgets. Balances amounting to 98.86 billion patacaswere transferred to the fiscal reserve as start-up capital, while the remaining 54.2 billion patacaswere transferred from the foreign exchange reserve. The MSAR’s reserve fund was written offfollowing the above transfers. At the end of 2012, the total asset value of the fiscal reserve was100.24 billion patacas, an increase of 1.38 billion patacas on the start-up capital.The fiscal reserve comprises two parts: the basic reserve and the excess reserve. The basicreserve refers to the financial reserves that provide ultimate protection for the Government’s abilityto cover public finances, at an amount equal to 1.5 times the provisions for expenditures of centraldepartments set out in the latest fiscal budget reviewed and approved by the Legislative Assembly.Meanwhile, the excess reserve is used mainly to facilitate the implementation of the Government’spublic financial policies as well as to protect the liquidity of public finances, and is the fiscal reservebalance after meeting the basic reserve requirement.Trade and Investment Promotion InstituteThe Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM) is mandated to promote trade andattract foreign investment.External CooperationThe Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM) is a member of World Associationof Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) and Asia Trade Promotion Forum (ATPF). In recentyears, IPIM has signed cooperation agreements with trading organisations of various Portuguesespeakingcountries and many provinces and regions of mainland China as well as the trade and174

Economyeconomic authorities of the United States and Vietnam. To better service Macao enterprises inmainland China, and to attract mainland China enterprises to invest in Macao, since 2006 IPIM hasestablished liaison offices in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; Jieyang, Guangdong Province; Chengdu,Sichuan Province, and Shenyang, Liaoning Province. In 2012, the IPIM officially established aliaison office in Fuzhou, Fujian.Macao Business Support Centre, the SME Service Centre and Macao IdeasA subsidiary of IPIM, the Macao Business Support Centre (MBSC) was officially opened on1 August 2002. The centre provides not only office space in Macao for local and overseas officialand semi-official trade promotion organisations and chambers of commerce, but also offices,meeting rooms, small exhibition venues, a library and a computer zone with internet access forenterprises and investors aiming to establish operations in Macao. It also offers comprehensivetrade and commercial services to SMEs. These efforts have helped lower start-up costs and risksfor enterprises, facilitating their development. The centre also established a long-term office andenquiry booth for chambers and institutions, to provide regional trade consultations and businessreferral services, increasing the number of channels for exchanges between Macao and foreignbusinesses.To implement the Government’s policy of strengthening support for SMEs, the Macao BusinessSupport Centre established the SME Service Centre (SMEC) on 23 August 2007. The main functionof the centre is to launch various services in support of local SMEs, catering to the different needs ofthe enterprises in their process of development. These services include support for brand building,one-stop Macao trade consultation, mainland China business operations consultation, conventioninformation and consultation, franchise information and consultation, and providing the latest tradepublications; financial incentives for participation in exhibition and trade fairs, promotion incentivesin electronic business, and SME promotion scheme. The service centre provides enterprises withfacilities and services to help them promote their products and services, find business partners andseek business matching. Since its establishment, the SME Service Centre has held various businessand trade activities, such as seminars, business exchanges, and promoting products and services inforeign countries, to help local SMEs to expand their operations.Macao Ideas, established by the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM), isthe first merchandise exhibition centre in Macao dedicated to all things “Macao-manufactured”,“Macao-branded”, “Macao designed” and “Agent for products of Portuguese-speaking countries”.The exhibition centre, with several themed exhibition zones, houses over 900 display items. MacaoIdeas has on-site staff offering detailed introductions for visitors and provides commercial and tradeenquiry services, helping visitors to understand Macao enterprises and products. The exhibitioncentre also features a MinM sales zone, which promotes made-in-Macao products among visitors.In 2012, Macao Ideas launched a quarterly magazine – Macao Ideas. Each issue of the magazine,published in printed and electronic versions and also downloadable from the Internet, offers adifferent theme to introduce the enterprises and products featured in the exhibition centre. Thepublication effectively promotes and advertises Macao’s enterprises, thereby developing overseasmarkets for local products.175

Macao Yearbook 2013Macao International Trade and Investment FairThe IPIM has been organising the annual Macao International Trade and Investment Fair (MIF)since 1996. In 2005, MIF became an approved event of the Global Association of the ExhibitionIndustry (UFI). It was the first Macao event to receive UFI certification. The UFI has also enrolledIPIM as a full member.The 17th MIF was held with the theme “Cooperation – Key to Business Opportunities” andfurther fostered economic and trade cooperation among enterprises in Macao, mainland Chinaand Portuguese-speaking countries. The event attracted a total of 103,000 attendees, an increaseof 9.23 percent over the previous year. Through the Convention and Exhibition Through-trainService and the Overseas Trade Visitors Incentive Plan, the event received over 6,800 industryprofessionals and lined up 1,847 business pairings – an increase of 22.9 percent over the previousyear. The four-day event resulted in 88 signed contracts, an increase of 8.6 percent over theprevious year.The China (Shenzhen) International Cultural Industries Fair was held at the 17th MIF for the firsttime as a boutique fair. Moreover, a series of new exhibition content and professional services werein place to emphasise regional cooperation. The event was nine percent larger than in the previousyear. There were more than 700 overseas exhibitors and over 1,800 exhibition booths representingmore than 60 countries and regions, with Cyprus, Jordan and Madagascar being first-time countryexhibitors. The display content was further enriched, indicating more extensive mutual exchanges,as well as a higher degree of internationalisation, professionalism and market focus.One-Stop Service for InvestorsIPIM’s One-Stop Service for Investors provides all-round support and assistance to investorsthroughout the implementation of an investment project. The IPIM contacts potential investorsand appoints dedicated staff to support their investments in Macao – all the way from simpleconsultation, to every administrative procedure involved. Also, free business matching services areoffered through a web-based service platform, business negotiations, project matching, promotionalactivities and publications, helping investors to find an ideal business partner.The Investment Committee, a liaison engine comprising twelve government departments– IPIM; Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau; Economic Services Bureau; Labour AffairsBureau; Macau Productivity and Technology Transfer Centre (CPTTM), Civic and MunicipalAffairs Bureau; Financial Services Bureau; Health Bureau; Macao Government Tourist Office, FireService, Environmental Protection Bureau and Human Resources Office – helps to offer guidance toinvestors, and follow up on all the necessary administrative procedures involved in launching andimplementing an investment in Macao. The Investment Committee also appoints dedicated publicnotaries to handle procedures involved in company set-up and business registration, providingcomprehensive services to investors.Offshore ServicesMacao’s Offshore Law, Decree-Law No. 58/99/M, has been in effect since 1 November 1999. Tax176

Economyincentives for operating an offshore service business in Macao include exemption from profit tax,business tax and certain stamp duties. In addition, managers and specialised technicians of theoffshore institution who are non-Macao residents and who are authorised to reside in Macao areexempted from personal income tax for the first three years of their employment in the offshoreinstitution.Offshore institutions are classified into the offshore financial industry (approved and supervisedby the Monetary Authority of Macao) and non-financial offshore service industry (approved andsupervised by IPIM).Operations of offshore services in Macao must abide by the following rules: use only non-Macaocurrency in their transactions and settlements; target only non-Macao residents as customers; andfocus only on non-Macao markets.Offshore businesses are permitted in the following eight categories:1. IT hardware consultancy;2. IT consultancy and programming;3. Data processing;4. Database-related activities;5. Administrative and archive/filing support;6. Research and development;7. Testing and technical analysis; and8. Operation and management of ships and aircraft.Applications for Temporary Residence PermitsUnder the Investors, Managerial Personnel, and Technical and Professional Qualification HoldersResidency Scheme (By-law No. 3/2005), IPIM issues temporary residence permits for thefollowing applicants: investors who plan to make significant investments that facilitate Macao’sdevelopment and whose plans are being considered by the relevant authorities; investors who havemade significant investments that facilitate Macao’s development; and management or technicalpersonnel who have already been hired by Macao employers and whose diplomas, professionalqualifications and experience are regarded as conducive to Macao’s development.The By-law No. 7/2007 promulgated by the Government in April 2007 suspended the effect ofclauses of the By-law No. 3/2005 concerning applications for property investment residency. Themove was part of the Government’s initiative to review the long-standing investment residencypolicy.Macau Investment and Development LimitedThe Government set up the Preparatory Office for the Traditional Chinese Medical Science and177

Macao Yearbook 2013Technology Industrial Park in July 2010. The Office is responsible for organising and coordinatingthe initial preparatory efforts of the Industrial Park to be built in the Hengqin New Area. TheIndustrial Park, a Guangdong-Macao cooperative project, commenced infrastructure constructionworks on 19 April, 2011. The Macau Investment and Development Limited was established in June2011 pursuant to Chief Executive Notice No. 17/2011 and By-law No. 14/2011.The company has a board of shareholders comprising the Financial Services Bureau representingthe Government, the Macau Industrial and Commercial Development Fund, and Macao Tradeand Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM). With regard to administration and management, thecompany has a board of five directors. It also has a board of three supervisors.Both governments have invested to set up the Guangdong-Macao Traditional Chinese MedicalScience and Technology Industrial Park Development Company Limited (the “cooperativecompany”) to implement the development project. The shareholders of the cooperative companyare Macau Investment and Development Limited and Zhuhai Da Heng Qin Investment CompanyLimited.In 2010, the Government commissioned the Shanghai Innovative Research Center of TraditionalChinese Medicine to compile a design and research report for the Guangdong-Macao TraditionalChinese Medical Science and Technology Industrial Park. Macau Investment and DevelopmentLimited also hired Jurong Consultants of Singapore to draft a report outlining the strategicdevelopment, feasibility study, review and conceptual layout plan of the Industrial Park. Based onthese two reports, Macau Investment and Development Limited compiled a summary report andsubmitted it to the Government and the Administrative Committee of Hengqin New Area.In 2012, a delegation from the cooperative company visited a number of industrial parks inTaiwan and Singapore, and in September visited Chinese medicine industrial parks in Shanghai,Suzhou and Taizhou. In November, the cooperative company held the Guangdong-Macao TraditionalChinese Medical Technology Industrial Park Construction Project and City Design InternationalOpen Competition, successfully attracting the participation of 16 organisations from seven countries.The three finalists were a Sino-German joint venture, a Singapore company and a U.S. company.The final master design plan is expected to be completed by the first quarter of 2013.Macau Productivity and Technology Transfer CenterThe Macau Productivity and Technology Transfer Centre (CPTTM) was established in 1996. It isa non-profit organisation jointly established by the Government and the private sector. The missionof CPTTM is to help enterprises effectively use new approaches, ideas, information and technologyto enhance the value of their products or services. Its objectives are to increase productivity andcompetitiveness, encourage and support the establishment and development of new businesses, andencourage employees to pursue self-development and enhance their vocational skills.Vocational and Professional TrainingThe vocational/professional training series provided by the centre can be divided into four categoriesas follows:178

Economy1. Continuing Development Series for Employees;2. Training Series for the Middle-aged, which helps middle-aged people to renew and improvetheir vocational skills;3. Training Series for Adolescents, which inspires adolescents’ creativity and vocationalinterests; and4. Enterprise and Business Management Series, specially designed for entrepreneurs andbusiness persons.Training in relation to continuing studies can be categorised as:1. Training series for adolescents;2. Training series for the middle-aged;3. Continuing development series for employees; and4. Business management series for enterprises.Programmes include training courses on fashion and innovation, information technology, businesslanguage and management.In 2012, the centre held a total of 1,152 courses (an increase of 28.4 percent over the previousyear), comprising 23,853 learning hours (up 25.2 percent). The number of students totalled 24,150(up 32.9 percent).Professional and Open ExaminationsThe Professional Examination Resources Unit under the centre manages various professionalqualification public examinations and provides the public with information about these and otherlocal professional examinations. The unit also serves as the Macao Centre for National VocationalQualification Assessment. In 2012, a total of 4,216 candidates applied for examinations via theResources Unit, up by about 19.9 percent over the previous year.At present, there are four types of public examinations available at the Professional ExaminationResources Unit:1. Information Technology, including professional IT certification offered by Prometric andPearson VUE (e.g. Cisco/Microsoft network technology certification), Microsoft OfficeSpecialist (MOS), Adobe Certified Associate certification, Chinese input skills appraisal,China Qualification Certificate of Computer and Software Technology Proficiency andCertified Information System Security Professional (CISSP) certification;2. Commerce and management, including International Standardized Testing Organization(ISTO)’s Tests of Understanding, International Registrar of Certificated Auditors (IRCA)’sCertified Auditor/Lead Auditor examinations, PRINCE2’s project management examinations,City & Guilds ILM’s management principles examinations and LCCI’s business-relatedqualifications examinations. In 2012 AST&L’s Global Logistics Management certificationwas added to the list;179

Macao Yearbook 20133. Languages, including LCCI business language examinations, City & Guilds ISESOLconversational skills and EBC English business writing. TOEIC examinations were addedin 2012; and4. Vocational skills, including City & Guilds professional training and appraisals, professionalbeauty care, makeup and customer service in service industry examinations, and NationalVocational Qualification Assessment. The professional nail art certificate examination ofthe Central TAFE of Australia was added in 2012.Moreover, the centre also became an official examination centre of the ATA Testing Authority(Beijing) Limited in 2012.The centre reached a cooperation agreement on “One Examination, Two Accreditations”with the Labour Affairs Bureau in October 2011. All Macao residents awarded a NationalVocational Qualification via the centre will receive the relevant local vocational skillcertificates issued by the bureau. As at the end of 2012, at least 141 individuals applied forlocal vocational skill certificates.Technical Training and Support ServicesThe House of Apparel Technology provides technical training and technological support to help thegarment industry move towards high added value, brand autonomy and innovation. These trainingand support services cover mainly CAD/CAM system applications, clothing mould production,digital cloth-printing, computer embroidery model making, and clothing model making, which wasadded in 2012. There are also fashion information stations to provide manufacturers and designerswith up-to-date information on trends in fashion and textiles.In 2012, the CPTTM continued to run a diploma course in fashion design, with a duration ofmore than a year, to foster the development of next-generation fashion craftsmen and designers.As regards personal image services, the centre continued to organise courses related to the City &Guilds’ professional beauty and makeup qualification.In 2012, CPTTM continued to assist fashion designers and students to participate in variousdesign contests and shows, and co-organised the “Casual Wear In Summer, Let’s Conserve EnergyAltogether” fashion design competition in tandem with the Office for the Development of theElectricity Sector. CPTTM continued to carry out the MaConsef fashion training programme witha view to fostering all-round skills development among Macao’s fashion design students.CPTTM also continued to cooperate with IPIM to organise the Macao Fashion Festival 2012during the staging of the 16th Macao International Trade and Investment Fair, with participationby 40 designers and brands from the mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao.To complement both the adequate economic diversification strategy and cultural and creativeindustry development promoted by the Government, CPTTM set up the Macao Fashion Galleryat St. Lazarus Parish in July 2012 upon the invitation of the Cultural Institute. The fashion galleryholds on a regular basis various themed fashion shows and activities, and collects cultural andcreative products distinctive of Macao’s characteristics for sale. Renowned fashion designers frommainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao were invited to join the first fashion show titled180

EconomyResurgence of Qipao Fashion Exhibition at the gallery.To communicate the latest fashion information and technology, CPTTM held five seminars in2012, attracting more than 300 attendees.Management Information and Consulting ServicesAs a correspondent member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), CPPTMis committed to helping local organisations to raise their management and product quality levels tointernational standards. The services provided in this area include: management system consulting,the assistance scheme for the International Management System Certification/ LaboratoryAccreditation, publication of Good Management Series, ISO standards searching and sale services,dissemination of information about new standards, and External Testing Relay Service.In 2012, a total of 63 cases were resolved via management system consulting services. Therewere 17 applications under the assistance scheme for the International Management SystemCertification/Laboratory Accreditation. From the commencement of the scheme in October 1996to the end of 2012, a total of 197 applications were awarded certification, involving constructionand building, property/facility management, manufacturing, public utilities, non-profit groups andother service sectors. In addition, the number of test categories under the External Testing RelayService increased to five, namely textiles and garment, electronic/electrical appliances, otherfurniture, food items, and the pharmaceutical category newly introduced in 2012. A total of 1,802applications were filed during the year.In 2012, a briefing session cum workshop under the Campus Food Safety Management PromotionProgramme was organised, commissioned by the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau. Moreover,CPPTM produced the Guidebook for Green School Environmental Management in Macao,commissioned by the Environmental Protection Bureau.To increase the understanding of management development trends in various industries, CPPTMco-organised three seminars on green management and food safety management, with support fromrelevant organisations. Over 270 industry professionals attended the seminars.To promote environmental protection and sustainability, CPPTM continued to help localorganisations to implement the ISO 14001 environmental management system, as well as living outgreen management and increasing understanding of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, theSixth Children’s Environmental Protection Movement – Young Green Pioneers training programmewas successfully concluded. In the 2011-2012 academic year, 777 students from 11 primary schoolsparticipated in the programme.Application of Information TechnologyCPTTM Cyber-Lab is committed to assisting SMEs to adopt information technology. As wellas information system application support services, the Cyber-Lab also strongly promotes theapplication of freeware, by its launch of the SQL-Ledger accounting software and EIMS-employeeinformation management system, together with support services, in 2006 and 2011 respectively.181

Macao Yearbook 2013In 2012, CPTTM issued a total of 184 SQL-Ledger software packages and served 104 trainingworkshop participants. During the same period, a total of 130 EIMS-employee informationmanagement systems were issued and 59 training workshop participants served.External Interaction and Cooperation and Services for SMEsTo encourage Macao’s enterprises and organisations to exchange and cooperate with foreigncountries on technology, CPTTM continued to organise exhibitor groups to participate in the ChinaHigh-Tech Fair in 2012, in which 11 Macao enterprises and organisations participated. Moreover,CPTTM also continued to organise exhibitor groups jointly with the Macao Trade and InvestmentPromotion Institute to join the China Cross-Strait Technology and Projects Fair. A total of 20Macao enterprises participated in the fair, mainly from the environmental protection, technologyand IT sectors.One of the long-term functions of CPTTM is to provide SMEs with various support services.In 2012, it received a total of 35 requests for assistance mainly of four types: 1) promotion oftechnology or products; 2) advice on business operations and management; 3) enquiries about localinvestment environment and policy; and 4) assistance in finding business partners.The business consultancy service conducted in Portuguese provided by CPTTM mainly assistsenterprises, community groups and individuals in dealing with difficulties in using Portuguese. In2012, a total of 20 cases were completed.World Trade Center MacauThe goals of the World Trade Center Macau are to promote and expand trading opportunitiesbeyond Macao, to assist individuals and enterprises in searching for international businessopportunities, and to pioneer the exploration of new markets for Macao business organisations.Through the World Trade Center Macau, members can stay in close touch with nearly 300world trade centres around the world, building new market networks and researching potentialinternational trading partners.The World Trade Center Macau and the Arbitration Centre of the China Chamber of InternationalCommerce (CCOIC) have co-established the CCBC-CCPIT Joint Conciliation Centre for resolvingcommercial disputes between mainland and Macao enterprises.Euro-Info Centre, Macau (EIC-Macau)Established in 1992 following a proposal by the Macau Government and endorsement by theEuropean Commission, EIC-Macau is a relay office of the SME and Investment Promotion Institute.It is also the first European information centre ever established in Asia. At present, EIC-Macau isjointly managed by the Institute of European Studies of Macau; Banco Nacional Ultramarino, Macau;the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute; and the SME and Investment PromotionInstitute. The main missions of EIC-Macau are:• To act as an interface between Macao SMEs and European Union (EU) institutions;182

Economy• To help enterprises profit from opportunities in Europe;• To provide enterprises with information on the EU;• To provide advice and guidelines on connections between enterprises and the EU;• To assist enterprises by allowing them to benefit from EIC-Macau’s close contacts withother Euro-Info Centres and links with the European Commission; and• To promote information exchange, business, trade and cooperation among enterprises inthe EU, Macao, the mainland, and other Asian countries and regions.Macao Industrial Parks Development CompanyTo attract investment, the Government made the decision in 1993 to set up an industrial park inthe Concordia Reclaimed Zone in Coloane to foster industrial diversification. A total of 337,000square metres of land was reclaimed, of which 160,000 square metres is occupied by the ConcordiaIndustrial Park. In October 1993, Concordia Industrial Park Company (SPIC) was officially set upto take over the management of the industrial park.Following the Handover, the Government proposed the establishment of Macao-Zhuhai CrossborderIndustrial Zone for the benefit of all parties, adequate industrial diversification, and thecreation of employment opportunities. On 5 December 2003, the Central People’s Governmentapproved the establishment of Zhuhai-Macao Cross-border Industrial Zone, in which Zhuhai willtake up 290,000 square metres of land, and Macao will take up 110,000 square metres of land fromreclamation in Ilha Verde.To better utilise existing resources, in June 2004 the Government restructured ConcordiaIndustrial Park Company (SPIC) to form Macao Industrial Parks Development Company. Theexpanded functions of the new company are: to develop and manage the land in the MSAR zonedfor industrial development and for the relevant auxiliary industry development, including theConcordia Industrial Park, Zhuhai-Macao Cross-border Industrial Zone and other industrial parks.The MSAR and the Trade and Investment Promotion Institute own 60 percent and 40 percent sharesof the company respectively.All the enterprises in Concordia Industrial Park and the Macao park of the Zhuhai-Macao CrossborderIndustrial Zone have been granted multiple investment incentives.Labour Affairs BureauThe Labour Affairs Bureau is responsible for implementing policies concerning labour, employment,occupational safety and health, and vocational training.Employment ServicesThe Employment Department of the Labour Affairs Bureau assists job seekers looking for workin the private sector, as well as employers who are hiring workers. It also handles applications for183

Macao Yearbook 2013business licences by employment agencies, providing advice and analysis.In 2012, the department continued to provide registration, matching and employment follow-upservices for the Graduate Mainland Internship Scheme. It also maintained close communicationand cooperation with organisations representing employers and employees, providing matchingplacement services for both parties. As the Cotai Strip construction project entered its fifth and sixthstages, and Studio City and Galaxy Mega Resort Phase 2 commenced recruitment, the departmentmet with relevant organisations and businesses to review such recruitment activities and follow up onthe employment status of job seekers. It also participated in monitoring the recruitment activities ofvarious large corporations and public construction projects, mainly relating to construction, catering,gaming and transportation. A total of 2,048 job seekers found employment in these projects. Thedepartment also helped to review and amend the law governing employment agencies.In 2012, the department registered 7,975 job seekers, among whom 62 who were disabledreceived employment matching services from a dedicated task force under the department. Atotal of 265,226 job vacancies were registered with the department during the year. Based onthe recruitment requirements of each vacancy, the department provided the personal profile ofrecommended job seekers to employers in more than 43,969 cases. In this way, the departmentsuccessfully arranged 5,194 employment interviews, and placed 1,189 job seekers (50 of whomwere physically disadvantaged) in new positions involving 87 different types of occupation.In 2012, the department issued 3,517 unemployment subsidy certificates, three proposalsregarding subsidised jobs for the unemployed, and one proposal regarding subsidies for youngfirst-time job seekers.The department received 186 applications for employment agency business licences during theyear, including 18 new applications, 110 renewals, 43 applications for changing the particulars ofexisting licences, six cancellations and nine renewals with changes in the particulars of existinglicenses.Vocational TrainingThe Vocational Training Centre provides various kinds of vocational training to citizens, aiming toenhance skills among local workers. In addition, it strived to promote technological cooperationand information exchange with other departments in terms of vocational training, and to align thedevelopment approaches of training programmes. It has also begun to establish a vocational skillcertification system for different industries, to further improve professionals’ skills and enhancerecognition of their qualifications, supporting the upward mobility of the labour force.In 2012, the Vocational Training Centre provided training to 11,487 people in a widerange of courses that emphasised practicality and an objective-oriented approach, in orderto increase the choices available to the public, as well as to train and reserve talent for everyindustry in Macao.184

EconomyStatistics on Vocational Training Centre Students 2012TrainingsystemTraining modeTargetparticipantsNumberofcoursesNumberofstudentsNumber ofstudentswhocompletedthe courseRate of successfulemployment onemonth after coursecompletionRemarkApprenticetraining (2-yearfull-time)F. 3 graduate orabove aged14-243 152 34 85.3%Training forprofessionalqualification(half-year fulltime)Aged 15 orcompletedlowersecondaryschooleducation1 20 9 22.2%OccupationaltrainingTraining fortechniciantrainees(1-year fulltime)Completedsecond yearof seniorsecondaryeducationwith certifiedqualificationor workexperience inelectronics,electrical,electrical andmechanicaland electricalengineering2 39 19 84.2%(Oneof thecoursescompletedinSeptember2012)GraduateMainlandInternshipSchemeTertiarygraduates61 401 studentquit,while 20studentsare stillon theinternshipContinuoustrainingIndustryspecificdevelopmenttrainingRaise thelevel ofprofessionalismof industryprofessionals104 2,298185

Macao Yearbook 2013Statistics on Vocational Training Centre Students 2012(Cont.)TrainingsystemTraining modeTargetparticipantsNumberofcoursesNumberofstudentsNumber ofstudentswhocompletedthe courseRate of successfulemployment onemonth after coursecompletionRemarkSecond-skilltrainingTo developoccupationalskills outsideone’s ownoccupation soas to increasechoices andchances ofemployment68 1,524ContinuoustrainingEmploymenttraining for themiddle-agedFishingmoratoriumtrainingprogrammeVocationalskills preexaminationstudy courseFor the middleagedand thosewith a low levelof educationor difficultiesin finding ajob to enhanceoccupationalskills throughtrainingA 96-hourcourse mainlyto alleviatethe financialpressure facedby fishermenduring themoratorium,and to provideassistance indevelopingotheroccupationalskillsFor those whohave signed upfor vocationalskillsassessment213 6,32917 39632 668Total 11,487186

EconomySkills EvaluationIn 2012, the Labour Affairs Bureau issued a total of 763 vocational skill certificates of variouskinds. Among the recipients, 36.8 percent were in the engineering and maintenance industry, 18.6percent were in the building industry, 17.7 percent in the floral industry and 14.2 percent in thehotel and catering industry.With regard to Guangdong-Macao vocational skill development and cooperation, the tworegions conducted a series of meetings on the implementation of “One Examination, ThreeAccreditations”, and came to agreement on the classification of the vocational skill assessment offacility management occupation into three skill levels, namely assistant facility management officer,facility management officer and senior facility management officer”. They also agreed to implementthe “One Examination, Two Accreditations” programme for assistant facility management officer,and the “One Examination, Three Accreditations” for the senior facility management officer.Moreover, three electrician-trainers from the Labour Affairs Bureau passed the examinationand became qualified assessors in China national examinations for professional qualifications(maintenance electrician). The Bureau also held training workshops for senior maintenanceelectrician assessors and on electronic skills for electricians in Macao, enabling local assessors tolearn about the overall operations of senior maintenance electrician skill national assessment, aswell as the skills of matching assessment equipment to particular assessments.Vocational Skill CompetitionsThe Labour Affairs Bureau fosters vocational skill development and interest skills training among theyoung people by participating in or organising vocational skill competitions. Also it further enhancedexchange and cooperation with vocational training organisations worldwide, thereby learning fromadvanced training experiences and skills, increasing public awareness of the importance of vocationaltraining, and promoting the development of vocational skill training in Macao.In November 2012, the Labour Affairs Bureau led a delegation to participate in the SeventhGuangzhou/Hong Kong/Macao/Chengdu Youth Skills Competition 2012, with the aim to allowyoung people in the Mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao to learn from each other throughexchange, thereby improving their vocational skills and promoting cooperation and developmentin the area of vocational training. The competition included five contests, namely smart homeappliance installation, shop window decoration and demonstration, mechatronic engineering,web page design and catering services. Contestants from Macao won two first-runner-up and onesecond-runner-up prizes in the first three contests.Labour RegulationsThe Labour Relations Law (Law No. 7/2008) is the legal basis of industrial relations. It definesthe rules and regulations on working hours, working at night and on shifts, weekly rest days,mandatory holidays, annual leave, absence from work, maternity leave, remunerations, terminationof employment, contract types, administrative infractions, and procedures and penalties for minorcontraventions. The law further protects and balances the legal interests and rights of employers187

Macao Yearbook 2013and employees alike. Law No. 21/2009, the Law on Employment of Non-Resident Workers, andits relevant supplementary rules further implemented the Framework Law on Employment Policyand Workers’ Rights, reaffirming that when employing non-resident workers, the employer mustassure employment priority for local employees, and ensure equal rights, working conditions andbenefits for local and non-resident workers.In view of the characteristics of Macao’s industries and social needs, the Labour Affairs Bureaustudied several laws concerning labour relations, including the System of Part-time Work, WorkplaceSub-contract Management System and Maritime Labour Convention, as well as Decree Law No.40/95/M, Employees’ Compensation Insurance Ordinance, and Decree Law No. 32/94/M, Systemfor Approvals of Recruitment Agency Licences.Labour RelationsThe Labour Inspection Department under the Labour Affairs Bureau provides consultancy serviceson labour regulations to local citizens free of charge, accepts and mediates in labour-relations orwork accident disputes, and monitors enterprises’ compliance with labour regulations. To effectivelycurb illegal employment, the Labour Inspection Department, the Public Security Police, and theMacao Customs Service jointly or independently carried out regular or non-regular inspections,according to their authority.In 2012, the Labour Inspection Department provided 5,251 consultations about labour regulationsto enquirers visiting the office. Among the individuals who sought assistance, 76.8 percent wereemployees and 23.4 percent were employers. Most enquiries were from the community, social andindividual services in terms of industry, as well as from families hiring domestic helpers. Topicsof consultation were mainly dismissal compensation, prior notice period and annual leaves, whichaccounted for 14.3 percent, 12.4 percent and 10.4 percent of all enquires. There were 38,247enquiries via telephone.A total of 2,016 complaints from 3,907 employee enquiries were handled, 25.3 percent fewerthan in 2011. Most involved wages (16.3 percent), overtime compensation (11.5 percent) and weeklyleave (8.6 percent). By industry, most complainants were from construction, followed by group,social and individual services, each accounting for 28.9 percent, and accommodation, western andChinese restaurants and establishments of similar nature (19.7 percent).The 8,363 complaints settled in 2012 involved 9,020 employee enquiries and 3,009 workplaces;619 transcripts were prepared. Among the identified illegalities concerning employment disputes,1,433 cases involved creditor’s rights – mainly regarding wages, reduction of basic remunerationand suspension of work. Of all breaches of law, 1.2 percent were cases in which the employer paidthe employee’s claim without resorting to compiling transcripts of evidence; the remaining caseswere resolved through the compilation of evidence transcripts or litigation in court.Creditors’ rights arising from employment disputes, industrial accidents and occupationaldiseases totalled 55.64 million patacas, involving 6,293 employees. Industrial accidents, wagecompensation and reduction of basic remuneration accounted for 60.0 percent, 15.8 percent and7.0 percent of these cases, respectively.188

EconomyIn 2012 the Labour Inspection Department received notifications of 87 cases of agreement onlowering basic remuneration, involving 292 local employees, and seven non-resident employees.After investigations, one case was filed as alleged contravention of the Labour Relations Law,involving one person.The Labour Inspection Department received 233 copies of employment contracts for the underaged,involving 838 individuals aged over 16 but below 18, and six aged over 14 but below 16.After verification, 31 cases were filed as alleged contraventions against the Labour Relations Law,involving 59 persons.In its efforts to combat illegal employment, the Labour Affairs Bureau filed 709 cases of illegalemployment, in accordance with the Regulation on the Prohibition of Illegal Employment andthe Law on Employment of Non-resident Workers and its relevant supplementary laws. Afterinvestigation, 743 offenders were penalised for breaches of the law, with fines imposed totalling8.24 million patacas. In these cases, 264 non-local residents were found working for others in theMSAR without permits. Also, 171 non-local residents were found to be engaged in activities fortheir own benefit. Individuals in the two groups were fined a total of 5.64 million patacas.Under the Law on Employment of Non-resident Workers and rules related to non-residentworker accommodation rights stipulated in Executive Order No. 88/2010, 27 cases regarding theaccommodation rights of non-resident workers were initiated and 40 inspections were carried outin 2012.Occupational Safety and HealthSite inspections, investigations and relevant actions undertaken by the Occupational Safety andHealth Department in 2012:Unit in chargeSite inspectionitemInspectiontargetNumber ofinspectionsNumber ofsuggestedimprovementsOther actionsOccupationalSafety andHealthDepartmentRoutine safetyand healthinspectionConstructionsites(1,435 sites)7,105 2,961• 48 penaltiesissued against35 constructionsites for minorcontraventions;total fines: 187,000patacas;• Handled one caseof administrativeinfraction;• In one case it wasordered that workbe suspended dueto high risk in theworkplace189

Macao Yearbook 2013(Cont.)Unit in chargeSite inspectionitemInspectiontargetNumber ofinspectionsNumber ofsuggestedimprovementsOther actionsOccupationalSafety andHealthDepartmentSafetyinspectionjointlyconductedwith otherdepartments154enterprises216 228WorkplaceHygieneLaboratoryAssessmentof hazardouselements,includinglighting,heating,workplacenoise levels,and organicsolvents(includingbuildingexteriorcleaning)52 hotels(Inspectionand reinspection)16 cateringvenues (siteinspection andre-inspection)Industriallaundries,departmentstores, foodprocessingfactories andfuel suppliers(re-inspection)2413259Occupationalhealth medicalcheck-up4,583 7,312OccupationalHealth ClinicsSamplingassessment ofemployers oforganisationsusing highnoise-levelequipment,according toDecree-LawNo. 34/93/M4 organisationsusing highnoise-levelequipmentOccupationalhealthinspection atworkplace175 192190

Economy(Cont.)Unit in chargeSite inspectionitemInspectiontargetNumber ofinspectionsNumber ofsuggestedimprovementsOther actionsOccupationalHealth ClinicsMedicalcheck-upfor studentapplicants ofvocationalskills coursesorganised bythe LabourAffairs Bureau1,443 159Occupational safety and health training in 2012:Course/activityOccupational safety and healthseminarNumberof classesNumber ofparticipants4,509Number and types ofcertificates awardedOccupational safety and healthtraining module35 880 (certificate of competency)Temporary anchor devices courses 1 20 (certificate of competency)Construction industry occupationalsafety cards training coursesConstruction industry occupationalsafety cards refresher coursesConstruction safety supervisorcertificate courses (in cooperationwith University of Macao)81842438,669 (construction industryoccupational safety cards)4,454 (renewed constructionindustry occupational safetycards)105 (construction safetysupervisor certificate)Occupational safety and health promotional activities in 2012:ActivityOccupational safety and healthpromotional activitiesNumber ofparticipantsNumber ofparticipatingindividuals15 construction sites 83423 hotels 1,291Safety shoes promotion 30 enterprises 215191

Macao Yearbook 2013ActivityFirst-aid kit promotionTemporary anchor devicespromotionConstruction Industry SafetyAward SchemeOccupational safety and healthcharter signingNumber ofparticipants62 enterprises2 enterprises31 constructioncompanies (19construction sites)9 local MacaoenterprisesNumber ofparticipatingindividuals(Cont.)19 constructioncompanies and23 industryprofessionalsreceived awardHuman Resources OfficeThe Human Resources Office (HRO) was established under Executive Order No. 116/2007. Itsmain duties are:• To collect and analyse all information related to the local labour market and its changes.The administration will rely on this information when making decisions on matters thatconcern the employment of non-resident employees;• To recommend measures on the employment of non-resident employees, for considerationby senior officials;• To accept applications for the employment of non-resident employees, and to compile theseapplications into dossiers;• To work with other public departments to jointly enforce laws related to the employmentof non-resident employees; and• To enforce labour laws and implement related policies with the Labour Affairs Bureau.Employment of Non-resident EmployeesThe Government imports non-resident labour on the main premise that the employment and labourrights of local employees are not harmed. As such, the employment of non-resident employeesis merely a measure to overcome local manpower shortages, whilst ensuring the continuous andstable development of Macao’s economy. Since its establishment on 28 May 2007, the HRO hasrigorously analysed each application to take on non-resident employees. During 2012, it received37,591 applications for work permits for professionals, non-professionals, domestic helpers,non-resident workers and activities for personal interest, including importation of non-residentemployees, renewal of permits, transfer of employees, statements of objection, and petitions.192

EconomyOf these applications, 15,368 were for non-professional employees, 3,732 were for professionalemployees and 18,451 were for domestic helpers. Also, there were 40 applications for work permitsto engage in activities for the applicants’ personal interest. At the end of 2012, there were 110,552employees with non-resident ID cards in Macao.Consumer CouncilThe Consumer Council is responsible for providing comments on consumer protection policiesto be implemented by the Government, and driving various efforts to protect consumers’ rights.Establishment of Cooperative NetworksIn 1997, the council became a full member of Consumers International. It subsequently signedcooperation agreements with the Consumer Protection Bureau of Portugal , the Instituto Nacionaldel Consumo (National Consumer Institute) of Spain, the Consumers Association of Singapore, andConsumers’ Foundation, Chinese Taipei (CFCT). It also formed an alliance network with consumerprotection units in the “9 +2” PPRD region. In October 2009, the Consumer Council announceda declaration of cooperation together with 22 consumer protection agencies in Hong Kong and anumber of cities in mainland China, to establish the Urban Alliance for the Protection of ConsumerRights. For over ten years, the council has been a signatory to cooperation agreements regardingthe protection of consumers’ rights, along with 42 mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan consumerprotection units, including the Guangdong Consumer Council, Shandong Provincial ConsumersAssociation, Fujian Province Commission of Consumers, Beijing Consumers Association, ShanghaiCommission for the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, Chongqing Commission forthe Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, Zhejiang Provincial Consumers Association,Tianjin Consumers Association, Zhuhai Municipal Consumer Council and Shenzhen ConsumerCouncil. In these networks, the signatories exchange relevant information and undertake variouscooperative programmes.Reception ServicesAt the end of 2011, the Consumer Council moved its Iao Hon Office to the Government IntegratedService Centre in Areia Preta. In March 2013, the Consumer Council moved its head office to 3rd-5th floors, Clementina A. L. Ho Building, No. 26 Avenida de Horta e Costa. In addition, consumerscan file complaints and submit enquiries to the Consumer Council via e-mail.Consumer Arbitration CentreThe Consumer Arbitration Centre was established in 1998 with an aim of resolving minor disputesthat occur within the territory, and which do not involve more than 50,000 patacas, throughmediation, conciliation and arbitration.Businesses that value their reputations and wish to resolve potential customer disputes areinvited to apply for membership.193

Macao Yearbook 2013By 2012, 1,261 active companies had joined the Consumer Arbitration Centre. They includedChinese and western pharmaceutical businesses, department stores, supermarkets, cateringcompanies, jewellery and timepiece shops, insurance agencies, laundry and dyeing companies,beauty and fitness centres, mobile telephone companies, computer products companies, travelagencies and real estate agencies.Consumer RightsUnder Law No. 12/88/M, any person who accepts products and services for private use fromindividuals or groups of a business nature who engage in business activities is regarded as aconsumer.Consumers have the right to receive health protection and be safeguarded against dishonest andirregular practices relating to the promotion or provision of goods or services; to receive guidanceand be informed; to be safeguarded against risks that could damage their interests; to be protectedagainst any loss and to receive compensation; and to be treated fairly and be able to participate inthe legal and administrative defence of their rights and interests.ComplaintsIn 2012, the Consumer Council received 1,609 complaints and 5,520 enquiries. The numberof cases handled totalled 7,222, including 93 suggestions. The complaints mainly concernedtelecommunications services, the quality, maintenance and sales method of communicationsequipment, and disputes arising from food and beverage sales methods.In line with the Government’s strategy to develop gaming and tourism and the facilitatedindividual travel (FIT) scheme for mainland residents, the Consumer Council is strengthening itsservices for tourists, and is dedicated to promoting the development of a sound consumer rightsprotection mechanism in Macao. Of the nearly 7,200 complaints and enquiries received in 2012,about 12 percent were made by tourists.Yearly Quality Mark of “Certified Shops”On 15 March 2001, the Consumer Council introduced the “Certified Shop” quality mark to thegeneral public. To boost wider acceptance of this mark, enhance protection of consumers’ rights inMacao and promote “good faith tourism”, since 2007 it has been jointly issued by the ConsumerCouncil and the Chamber of Tourism of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce(ACFIC).To qualify for membership of the Consumer Arbitration Centre and receive a “Certified Shop”emblem, a shop must not have had any complaints filed against it within the previous year. Thismechanism encourages shops to maintain a good reputation and respect consumers’ rights. As atthe end of 2012, the Consumer Council had issued the “Certified Shop 2013” emblem to nearly1,045 establishments.To reinforce the regulations concerning Certified Shops and to provide consumers with better194

Economyprotection, the council has requested these shops to abide by the following additional rules:• To offer consumers after-sales service, and provide accurate information about the productsand services they sell;• To list the specific prices of products and services on their invoices; and• To settle disputes with consumers within 14 days of receiving complaints, either throughrefunds, replacement of goods or submission to the Arbitration Centre.The Consumer Council has formulated a code of practice for each industry sector in keepingwith social developments. At present, 15 industry sectors under the Certified Shops mechanism– covering cleaning and dyeing services, real estate agents, supermarkets, pharmacies, beautyservices, souvenirs, photography equipment retail and photo printing services, gold and jewellery,leather garments and shoes, communication equipment, computer products, birds’ nest products,electrical appliances, eyewear and furniture retailing – have implemented these codes of practice.These codes set stricter standards for the operation of Certified Shops. The Consumer Councilhas also established a mechanism to assess whether the Certified Shops implement their generalpledges and codes of practice.Statistics and Census ServiceThe Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) is the Government body responsible for the orientation,coordination, implementation and supervision of Macao’s statistical activities. It enjoys autonomousin all technical matters.Production of Official StatisticsAccording to Decree-Law No. 62/96/M promulgated on 14 October 1996, all statistical informationcompiled by Government statistical agencies is regarded as official. The DSEC is responsible forproducing demographic, economic, social and environmental statistics. On the other hand, theMonetary Authority of Macao compiles financial, currency, foreign exchange and insurance sectorstatistics.The DSEC compiles a range of official statistics based on data collected through censusesand statistical surveys, and on administrative information provided by various departments. Thestatistical information is an important reference for the Government in formulating policies, forinvestors making business decisions, and for academics conducting research.Particularly noteworthy among the Statistics and Census Service’s regular statistical operationsare the Population and Housing Census conducted every 10 years, and the By-Census and HouseholdExpenditure Survey conducted every five years. In addition, it conducts the annual ConstructionSurvey; Industry Survey; Hotel Industry Survey; Food and Beverage Survey; Service Sector Survey;Transport, Warehousing and Communications Survey; and Wholesale and Retail Trade Survey.In addition, the DSEC collects and compiles monthly or quarterly data relating to the economicactivity of Macao, including external trade in commodities, tourism, convention and exhibition,retail, prices, employment, real estate transactions and construction.195

Macao Yearbook 2013The Gross Domestic Product value and the Gross Domestic Income reflecting the macroeconomic conditions of Macao are also compiled by the DSEC, by integrating and analysingMacao’s economic, social and public financial statistics.Dissemination of Statistical InformationThe DSEC publishes essential statistical data that is of public interest via various media. Moredetailed information is then available to users via a website and in publications. All official statisticaldata is provided free of charge. Users may download the data from the website, or obtain the dataor make enquiries about it from the Documentation and Information Centre.Announcement of results of the 2011 Population Census and theGeographic Information System (GIS)In April 2012, the Government released the results of 2011 Population Census containing detailedanalysis of changes in the demographic characteristics over the past decade. Meanwhile, theGeographic Information System (GIS) of the 2011 Population Census is readily accessible at theDSEC website. To further enhance effective application of data from the population census, thesystem allows users to search for demographic characteristics and distribution within 23 statisticalcritieria, including gender, age group, population density and household.Projected Population of Macao 2011-2036The DSEC released its Projection of Population of Macao 2011-2036 report in October 2012,projecting the population of Macao over the coming 25 years. The method of population poly-factorcompounding projection was adopted to project future population size and composition. Populationprojection provides an important basis for policymaking in areas such as education, healthcare andhousing, as well as for investment decision-making in the industrial and commercial sectors andfor academic studies.2012/2013 Household Budget SurveyEvery five years the DSEC conducts the Household Budget Survey to collect detailed income andexpenditure information about local households. To ensure the full representation of consumptionpatterns across different seasons, information gathering work by the DSEC started in September2012, and lasted a year, until September 2013. The results of the survey will be used to updatethe Consumer Price Index in terms of commodity and service types, expenditure weights and theperiod base, revising the private consumption expenditure estimation, and compiling indicatorsof income distribution.Supporting Office to the Permanent Secretariat to the Forum for Economicand Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking CountriesThe Supporting Office to the Permanent Secretariat to the Forum for Economic and Trade196

EconomyCooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries was established in Macao inaccordance with Executive Order No. 33/2004, on the foundation of the Preparatory Office forChina–Portuguese Speaking Countries Economic and Trade Co-operation Forum, establishedin 2003. It focuses on providing administrative and resources support to the secretariat, whichpromotes the development of economic and trade relationships between China and Portuguesespeakingcountries, based on Macao’s role as an economic and trade services platform. Since itsestablishment, the supporting office has diligently assisted the work of the Permanent Secretariat,particularly in promoting mutual visits between the senior officials of China (including Macao)and Portuguese-speaking countries, initiating joint development of human resources, facilitatingeconomic and trade investments, exploring new areas of cooperation, and demonstrating the roleof Macao as a commercial and trade services platform.In 2012, the supporting office worked in tandem with the Permanent Secretariat to continue tofollow up on the post-meeting stage of the first, second and third Ministerial Conference of theForum for Economic and Trade Cooperation Between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries,pressing forward development in various areas and fully demonstrating the service platformfunction of Macao.Financial Intelligence OfficeIn response to trends in international developments, on 29 July 2006 the Chief Executive issuedOrder No. 227/2006 to establish the Financial Intelligence Office.The Financial Intelligence Office is an independent department, directly under the Secretariatfor Economy and Finance. It is responsible for collecting and analysing information regardingmoney-laundering and terrorist-financing as well as providing such information to authorities.Starting from November 2006, the Financial Intelligence Office has been receiving reports onsuspicious transactions. In 2012, it received more than 1,800 reports. After analysing and processingthem, the office reported some of the cases to the Public Prosecutions Office. Most of the entitiesthat submitted those reports were in the finance sector or the gaming sector, while some were inthe real estate or the retail sectors. This indicated that, over time, the Financial Intelligence Office’sefforts to educate the general public had proven effective.Macao is a member of the Asia-Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG), which conducteda comprehensive assessment on Macao’s progress in 2006. After thorough examinations, the APGapproved the evaluation report on Macao in 2007, and found the SAR’s performance in combatingmoney laundering satisfactory, an encouraging assessment. In 2012, the Financial IntelligenceOffice continued to closely follow up with various Government departments regarding progresswith implementing the report’s recommendations, and reported to the APG regarding the latestsituation. Also, the Financial Intelligence Office and various regulatory authorities discussed howto revise the laws and rules against money laundering and terrorism financing to meet internationalrequirements. It also made recommendations to the Government on ways to improve the legalsystem concerning money laundering and terrorism-financing.Locally, the Financial Intelligence Office is responsible for coordinating the efforts of theinterdepartmental task force on money laundering. The task force members included the MonetaryAuthority, the Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau, the Economic Services Bureau, the197

Macao Yearbook 2013Financial Services Bureau and the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute. The FinancialIntelligence Office stipulated guidelines for industries being monitored, compiled regular reportsfrom information on suspicious transactions, and provided various monitoring authorities withinformation on trends in reports of suspicious transactions and characteristics of these cases.In the area of international cooperation, the Financial Intelligence Office joined the EgmontGroup in May 2009, and with the group as a platform it looked towards promoting connection andcollaboration with even more countries and regions. It also signed memorandums on cooperationwith the financial intelligence bodies of 11 countries and regions: mainland China, Portugal,Hong Kong, Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and Fiji.The Financial Intelligence Office will continue to explore the possibilities of signing cooperationmemorandums with other regions.Consultative BodiesEconomic Development CouncilThe Economic Development Council was established under By-law No. 1/2007. It is theGovernment’s consultative department for formulating economic development strategy, economicpolicies and manpower policies.The council comprises the Chief Executive as its chairperson and Secretary for Economyand Finance, together with representatives of organisations with different economic interests,professionals, outstanding and reputable people in relevant fields, and representatives of relevantpublic organisations and departments.Standing Council on Social Concerted ActionThe Standing Council on Social Concerted Action is an advisory body to the Chief Executive on theformulation of labour policies. It was established in accordance with the Decree-Law No. 59/97/M.Its objective is to facilitate dialogue and coordination between administrative authorities, employersand employees. This aims to ensure their participation in the formulation of labour policies, andin activities that strengthen social development.The council consists of the Chief Executive (who presides over its meetings); secretaries withresponsibility for the economy, security, and culture; members of the Executive Committee; threerepresentatives from Macao employers’ associations (who must be the heads of their associations);and three representatives from Macao labour associations (who must be the heads of theirassociations).In accordance with legal requirements, the Secretary for Economy and Finance is authorisedto be the council’s chairperson.The council holds two plenary meetings each year. Special meetings may be called by thechairman or at the request of one third of the members.In 2011, the council held eight meetings: two plenary meetings and six executive committeemeetings.198

EconomyFashion ShowFashion Design and Production is one of the majortraining programmes developed and promoted bythe Macau Productivity and Technology TransferCenter (CPTTM), and aims to cultivate newgenerations of fashion designers. In October 2012,the CPTTM again joined hands with the MacaoTrade and Investment Promotion Institute (IPIM)in organising the Macao Fashion Festival 2012. Theevent showcases masterpieces by local and overseasfashion designers as well as award-winning worksby training programme graduates, and promotesthe development of Macao’s fashion design andgarment industry.(Photos: CPTTM)199

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Macao Yearbook 2013

THE GAMING INDUSTRY

The Gaming IndustryThe Gaming IndustryTo meet the real needs of sustainable development of Macao, the Government continues to implementand modify measures to regulate the scope and pace of the gaming industry’s expansion. Withthe objective of increasing the industry’s competitiveness, the Government stringently limits thenumbers of new casinos, gaming tables and slot machines. It also strengthens supervision of thegaming industry to facilitate appropriate, gradual and healthy development of the industry, andpromotes responsible gambling.According to statistics provided by the Statistics and Census Service and the Gaming Inspectionand Coordination Bureau, gaming tax revenues continued to set new records in 2012, totalling113.378 billion patacas, 13.76 percent above the 2011 figure of 99.656 billion patacas. The gamingindustry’s gross income was 305.235 billion patacas, up by 16.97 percent from 260.958 billionpatacas in 2011.The History and Variety of Gaming in MacaoWith a history stretching back over three centuries, gaming is one of Macao’s oldest industries.Legal gaming businesses in Macao currently include games of chance, interactive gaming, parimutuels(betting on animal races) and lotteries. MSAR Law No. 16/2001, Gaming IndustryRegulatory Framework, states that games of chance are gambling games with results that dependcompletely or mainly on the player’s luck. Since such games must be played in casinos or otherlicensed venues, they are usually known as casino games. Games of chance form the biggest sectorof Macao’s gaming industry. Gross revenues in this area rose to 304.139 billion patacas in 2011,12.74 percent more than the previous year’s figure of 267.867 billion patacas, and accounted for99.64 percent of the industry’s gross takings.The laws and regulations governing gaming allow the following types of games to be played incasinos: Baccarat, Blackjack, Boule, Dice/Craps, Big-and-Small, 12-number game, Fan-tan, Fish-Prawn-Crab dice game, Lucky 13-card game, Mahjong, Baccarat Mahjong, Chinese DominoesMahjong, Pachinko (Japanese pinball game), Chinese Dominoes (Pai Gow), Chinese Dominoeswith two stones, Three-card poker, Five-card poker, Roulette, Sap I Chi (or 12-card game), SuperPan Nine game, Taiwanese Dominoes, Three-card Baccarat, Wheel of Fortune, Football Poker,Stud Poker, Tombola, Slot Machines, Q Poker, Casino Challenge, Makccarat, Texas Poker, Fortune3 Card Poker, Fortune 8, Dragon/Phoenix and Omaha Poker.Three significant changes occurred in Macao’s gaming industry during the 20th century. Themost important and far-reaching of these was the establishment of a syndicate jointly formed byHong Kong and Macao businessmen Stanley Ho Hung Sun, Henry Fok Ying Tung, Teddy Ip TekLei and Ip Hon in 1961 to enter an open bid for a casino gaming licence. The syndicate’s successfulbid subsequently led to the founding of Sociedade de Turismo e Diversoes de Macau (STDM) in1962, which replaced the Tai Heng Entertainment Corporation that had held a gaming monopolyfor the previous 24 years. STDM’s exclusive casino gaming concession was renewed four timesin the following four decades, and ended only on 31 March 2002.205

Macao Yearbook 2013Under its franchise concession contract, STDM paid a special gaming tax to the Government. Itsrate was revised many times; but as of 2001, it was 31.8 percent of the company’s gross revenue.Meanwhile, the concessionaire was required to invest in major infrastructure developments, andfulfil an obligation to benefit the Macao community. Prior to Macao’s return to the motherland, thehighest-ever annual casino gaming gross revenue was only around 17.78 billion patacas – a muchlower figure than those seen in more-recent years.Horse racing and dog racing are also legal gaming activities in Macao, and they are categorised aspari-mutuels. According to the definition in MSAR Law No. 16/2001, Gaming Industry RegulatoryFramework, pari-mutuels are animal races or sports on which bets are placed, and the winners sharethe pooled bets in accordance with their stakes and after the deduction of commissions, chargesand taxes.In fact, the histories of horse racing and dog racing in Macao can be traced back at least as faras 1842 and 1932, respectively, although repeated suspensions and resumptions of racing haveoccurred, due to changing economic conditions. At present, the Macau Jockey Club (MJC) operatesMacao’s horseracing activities; while the Macau (Yat Yuen) Canidrome Co. organises dog races.To create more favourable conditions for the development of horse racing and dog racing inMacao, the Government granted approval in August 2003 for related franchise operators to acceptonline bets via the Internet. At present, the MJC has approval to simulcast and accept bets onraces in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. In 2010, approval was granted to simulcast racesin South Africa.In 2012, there was a decrease in gross revenue from horse racing in Macao, with the figuredropping 19.4 percent over the previous year, while gross income from dog racing decreased by31.6 percent.In addition to casino gaming, horse racing and dog racing, many other gaming activities arepopular in Macao. The most popular of these are sports lotteries.Sports lotteries are operated by Macau Slot Co. (Macau Slot). The Government granted thecompany a franchise to conduct football betting in 1998 and basketball betting in 2000. Since 1987,Macau Slot has also held the franchise to operate instant lottery tickets, which were launched inMacao in 1984.Pacapio, a kind of Chinese lottery, is one of the oldest lottery formats in Macao. Pacapio ticketsare printed with the first 80 Chinese characters from a book called The Thousand-Character Classic.Formerly, the 20 winning characters were picked at random by a pigeon, later they were decidedby a ball-draw system. From the late 1990s onwards, the drawing of pacapio was computerised,and it subsequently became known as “Computer Pacapio”. Since April 2004, the Government hasalso allowed betting on pacapio via telephone or the Internet. The Wing Heng Lottery Companycurrently holds the concession for operating Chinese lotteries.Gross revenue from sports lotteries, instant lotteries and pacapio accounted for only 0.18 percentof Macao’s gross gaming income during 2012.Macao’s long heritage and rich variety of gaming activities has brought it worldwide renownas a tourism and gaming destination.206

The Gaming IndustryDecisive Liberalisation and Timely ControlThe gaming monopoly franchise system enjoyed a long history in Macao after it was introduced inthe 1930s. In 1982, the Legislative Assembly passed Law No. 6/82/M stipulating that the operationof casino gaming activities would be subject to a monopoly franchise or special concessionsystem. Under the special concession system, concessions were granted to a maximum of fourconcessionaires. In 1986, the Legislative Assembly passed Law No. 10/86/M, which partially revisedLaw No. 6/82/M. The amendment stipulated that a maximum of three concessionaires would infuture be granted gaming concessions. It indicated that the then administration was consideringending the casino gaming monopoly, though this move was not implemented at the time.After the establishment of the MSAR, the Government decided to end the franchise contractwhen it expired on 31 December 2001. In order to bring new momentum to Macao’s gaming sectorand the entire economy, appropriate competition and modern operating and management modelswere to be introduced. The Government also expected the new arrangements to create more jobopportunities and lay solid foundations for Macao’s sustainable development.The Macao Gaming Committee was established in July 2000, under the chairmanship of theChief Executive, in order to look into the future approach to developing the gaming industry.In late August 2001, the Legislative Assembly approved Law No. 16/2001, Gaming IndustryRegulatory Framework. As well as clearly defining “casino” and “gaming”, the framework speltout regulations governing the number of concessions, conditions and processes for open bidding,and operating models and qualifications of shareholders and concessionaires, as well as issuesconcerning gaming tax and contributions to charity.The Chief Executive signed the by-law for Open Bidding for Casino Concessions: the Contractand the Required Qualifications and Financial Strength of Bidders and Concessionaires (By-lawNo. 26/2001) on 26 October 2001. The by-law stipulated that a bidding committee comprisingno fewer than three members be established. It also determined the nature of premiums and thepayment method.On 30 October 2001, the Casino Concessions Committee responsible for coordinating workrelated to the tender invitation and bidding was established by Executive Order. The eight-membercommittee is chaired by the Secretary for Economy and Finance, Francis Tam Pak Yuen. The biddingprocess officially began on 2 November. After a series of procedures including an internationaltender invitation and tender evaluation, the Chief Executive issued an Executive Order on 8 February2002 granting provisional casino concessions to Galaxy Casino Company (Galaxy), Wynn Resorts(Macau) (Wynn), and Sociedade de Jogos de Macau (SJM).In 2002, the Government signed a Concession Agreement on Operating Games of Luck andOther Games in Casinos in the Macao Special Administrative Region with SJM on 28 March,with Wynn on 24 June, and with Galaxy on 26 June. The 18-year concession contract with SJMis valid from 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2020, while the 20-year concession contracts with Wynnand Galaxy are both valid from 27 June 2002 to 26 June 2022. All three concessionaires must paya special gaming tax of 35 percent. Additionally, SJM must annually contribute 1.6 percent of itsgross gaming revenue to a Government-appointed public foundation for promoting, developing207

Macao Yearbook 2013and conducting research regarding cultural, academic, charitable and other relevant activities; plusanother 1.4 percent to bodies supporting urban development, tourism and social security. Wynn andGalaxy must likewise contribute 1.6 percent of their gross gaming revenues to the foundation, aswell as contribute 2.4 percent of gross gaming revenues to bodies supporting urban development,tourism and social security.The successful granting of the new casino concessions indicates that Macao’s gaming industryhas entered a new era. Under the contracts, the three concessionaires were to invest a combinedtotal of at least 17.54 billion patacas by the end of 2009.According to Law No. 16/2001, a maximum of three casino gaming concessions can be granted.However, after granting licences to three operators, the Government agreed to allow Galaxy, SJMand Wynn to each grant a gaming sub-concession to one other operator, to meet Macao’s changingneeds. Thus, a “3+3” market structure was formed.In December 2002, the Government and Galaxy agreed to amend its concession contract. TheVenetian Group was authorised to operate casino gaming in Macao under a sub-concession. Withthe permission of the Government, in April 2005 SJM signed a sub-concession contract with MGMGrand Paradise (hereinafter referred to as MGM), and in September 2006 Wynn signed a contractwith Melco PBL Gaming (Macau) (hereinafter referred to as Melco PBL).As a result, there are now six licensed gaming companies in Macao, each of which enjoys theright to autonomously operate casino gaming businesses as an independent legal person. On April2002, SJM, a subsidiary of STDM, became the first new concessionaire to open for business.The opening-up of the gaming market has greatly added to the development of Macao’s economy.After the gaming industry had grown rapidly for several years, the Government found the time wasright to review the present conditions and future development. On 22 April 2008, the Chief Executiveannounced new measures for the gaming industry, and decided the number of gaming licenceswould not be increased in the foreseeable future. In February 2010, the Government restructured theMacao Gaming Committee; it is now chaired by the Chief Executive. The committee is responsiblefor formulating relevant policies for development of the gaming industry, monitoring the industry’sdevelopment and operation, and drawing up regulations and guidelines.One new casino was opened in 2012. At the end of the year, there were 35 casinos operatingin Macao, of which 20 belonged to SJM, four to the Venetian Group, six to Galaxy, one to Wynn,three to Melco PBL, and one to MGM.By the end of 2012, the numbers of gaming tables increased from 5,302 to 5,485, a 3.45 percentrise over the previous year, while the number of slot machines increased from 16,056 to 16,585,3.29 percent more than the previous year.At the end of 2012, there were 2,144 vacant gaming jobs, representing a year-on-year decreaseof 130 vacancies. Vacancies for dealers decreased by 295 to 1,209; vacancies for cage cashiers, pitbosses, casino floor persons and betting service operators increased by 195 to 393.By year end, there were 54,835 gaming industry employees, representing a year-on-year increaseof 9.2 percent.208

The Gaming IndustryCategorised by occupation, there were 23,895 dealers, representing an increase of 6.9 percent;14,696 cage cashiers, pit bosses, casino floor persons and betting service operators, representing anincrease of 8.9 percent; 6,177 casino waiters, slot machine attendants, security guards and CCTVsurveillance staff, representing an increase of 11.5 percent.At the end of 2012, the average monthly wage for full-time paid employees in the industry(excluding incentive bonuses and rewards) was 18,040 patacas, an increase of 7.9 percent comparedwith the 2011 figure. The average monthly wage of dealers was 15,990 patacas, 8.8 percent higherthan in the previous year. The average monthly wage of cash cashiers, pit bosses, casino floorpersons and betting service operators was 21,890 patacas, representing an increase of 5.4 percent.The average monthly wage of casino waiters, slot machine attendants, security guards and CCTVsurveillance staff increased by 11.4 percent, to 12,180 patacas.Legal Regulations Refined and Junket Commissions CappedTo regulate gaming and related activities more effectively in the wake of changes in the industry,the Government has formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations since 2001. Theyincluded laws to regulate gaming promoters and gaming-related loans.The gaming promotion system can be traced back to the 1930s. Since the 1980s, gaming promotershave made great contributions to Macao’s gaming sector. However, they had no legal status untilthe passage of Law No. 16/2001. This law defines a gaming promoter as a person who promotescasino games and provides players with services such as transportation, accommodation, cateringand entertainment, in return for commissions or other rewards from gaming concessionaires.By-law No. 6/2002 is the main provision for regulating casino gaming promotion activities.When the by-law was promulgated in 2002, it was named the By-law on the Qualifications andRegulations for Casino Gaming Promoters. In August 2009, as amended by By-law No. 27/2009,it was renamed the By-law on the Regulation of Casino Gaming Promotion Activities. It includesdetailed requirements for mandatory qualifications and the liabilities of promoters, licensingprocesses and registration of promoters with gaming concessionaires. The by-law strictly regulatesthe mandatory qualifications of gaming promoter licence applicants, as well as gaming promoterswho serve a company or individual business owner.Under the by-law, only persons granted a gaming promoter’s licence by the Gaming Inspectionand Coordination Bureau (DICJ) are permitted to engage in gaming promotion activities. Gamingpromoters must conduct their businesses in accordance with contracts signed in triplicate with relatedconcessionaires. These contracts must be in writing, and the signatures they bear must be notarisedimmediately. Copies of contracts must also be submitted to the DICJ. The Government began toaccept applications for gaming promoter licences on 7 June 2004. By the end of 2012, a total of232 such licences had been issued. Of these, 202 were issued to companies and 30 to individuals.In 2012, the DICJ continued to strengthen the process of reviewing the qualifications of these twotypes of gaming promoters, to monitor the capacity and financial strength of the licensees.Gaming promoters may select partners according to their business needs. However, the eligibilityof their partners is subject to the DICJ’s examination and approval.209

Macao Yearbook 2013As a result of more aggressive market competition, the price war in junket commissions increasedthe operating costs of VIP rooms in casinos, thus reducing their profits. The resulting viciouscompetition has hindered the normal development of the gaming industry. To maintain market orderand effective regulation of the industry, the Government decided to set a cap on junket commissions,for safeguarding the healthy development of the gaming industry.On 21 May 2008, the Government held the first joint meeting with the management of the sixcasino operators, to discuss the cap on junket commissions. After negotiations in several meetings,the Government and the industry operators reached a consensus to cap junket commissions at 1.25percent. In August 2009, the Government promulgated By-law No. 27/2009, to amend By-lawNo. 6/2002 concerning the regulations of the commissions or other rewards to gaming promoters.The Secretary for Economy and Finance, Francis Tam, then signed an order to set the upper limiton the junket commissions for gaming promoters from gaming concessionaires; in September,the Secretary signed Order No. 83/2009 to cap junket commissions of gaming promoters at 1.25percent of bets, and require each gaming concessionaire to submit a monthly report to the DICJ.Following promulgation of the by-laws, the Government continues to maintain communications,discussions and reviews with the gaming concessionaires and other industry operators. TheGovernment will also listen to opinions from all parties, and introduce more refined and detailedguidelines. The amended by-law came into force on 1 December 2009.Gaming promoters are legally obliged to pay tax at a rate of five percent on commissions theycollect from concessionaires, and other remuneration they receive.The Government is also making efforts to regulate gaming-related loan activities. The Lawon Regulating Credit Related to Gaming and Betting in Casinos or Other Gaming Venues (LawNo. 5/2004) was passed by the Legislative Assembly in May 2004, and came into force on 1 Julythe same year. It stipulates that only concessionaires and sub-concessionaires are authorised toconduct credit-related business. In addition, gaming promoters and management companies arealso allowed to conduct such business provided they have already signed relevant contracts with aconcessionaire or sub-concessionaire. The credit provided in accordance with this law is regardedas statutory debt. The law also states principles and conditions governing the signing of contracts,credit activities and other related matters. It defines the granting of credit as being transfer of theownership of casino gaming chips to a third party when the lender is not immediately compensatedby a monetary payment. It also clearly defines different types of money.The enactment of the Law on Regulating Credit Related to Gaming and Betting in Casinosor Other Gaming Venues is a significant step forward in regulating the development of Macao’sgaming industry.The Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau (DICJ)Restructuring Supervisory Departments to Reinforce FunctionsTo ensure the effective regulation of the gaming industry, it is essential to enact relevant lawsand regulations, as well as establish efficient administrative and regulatory institutions. From theformation of the Gaming Inspection Committee in the 1960s right up to the establishment of the210

The Gaming IndustryDICJ after the Handover, the functions and effectiveness of supervision in this area have beencontinuously strengthened. Since the liberalisation of the gaming industry, the Government hasrestructured the DICJ under By-law No. 34/2003.The DICJ provides guidance and assistance to the Chief Executive on the formulation andimplementation of the economic policies for the operations of casino games of fortune or otherways of gaming, pari-mutuels and gaming activities offered to the public. Its major responsibilitiesinclude the following:Inspecting the Assessment of Gross Gaming RevenueThe Concession Agreement on Operating Games of Luck and Other Games in Casinos in the MacaoSpecial Administrative Region stipulates that each concessionaire is liable to pay a certain percentageof its gross gaming revenue in the form of gaming tax. Thus, relevant departments attach greatimportance to supervising the accounting of gross gaming revenue. Since such activities take placein casinos and their cashiers’ offices, the DICJ stations inspectors in them to audit their accounts.Ensuring the Observance of Laws and Regulations in CasinosIn accordance with relevant laws, the DICJ is responsible for monitoring the daily operations ofcasinos, including the collection of money and chip boxes, tip boxes, calculation of chips, thebanker’s fund, and various types of chips. It also inspects activities on gaming tables, and mediatesin disputes between individuals and between gaming concessionaires and members of the public.Incidents such as thefts in casinos or at gaming tables, misconduct by dealers, disputes, fightingand the ejection of unwelcome persons occur frequently.Analysing Changes in Gaming OperationsThe DICJ must give its approval before any changes may be made to gaming operations. The usualpractice is for a concessionaire to submit a plan for the proposed changes in its operations, and forthe Inspection of Games of Fortune Department to study the proposal and comment on its feasibilityand appropriateness. The most common scenarios are changes in maximum bet amounts, in theinitial flow on gaming tables, in the numbers of gaming tables, in the operating hours of gamingtables, in the use of new chips, and the introduction of new slot machines.Pre- and Post-activity InspectionAll pari-mutuels and lottery activities are inspected by the DICJ, which conducts inspections before,during and after each event. In addition, after an event the concessionaire must submit reports anddata to the DICJ.Preventing, Eliminating and Punishing Illegal GamblingThe DICJ uses the following measures to prevent, eliminate and punish illegal gambling activities:211

Macao Yearbook 2013cooperation with other Government departments and community groups to educate teenaged studentsand the general public via promotional campaigns; collection of information about illegal gamblingactivities through a variety of channels, and referral of relevant data to the police for further actionif investigations confirm such activities have taken place; and identification and administrativepunishment of individuals involved in illegal gambling in accordance with Law No. 8/96/M.A total of 245 people were found to be involved in illegal gambling during 2012, a decrease of19.1 percent on the previous year’s figure. Of these, 93 percent were Macao residents who wereinvolved mainly in mahjong games. The DICJ would continue to educate the public, to stringentlycombat and prevent illegal gambling.Monitoring Sales of Lottery Tickets and Lucky DrawsThe DICJ receives applications for approval of the sale of lottery tickets and lucky draws. Permitsfor these are issued once the approval process has been completed. It also monitors the entireoperation of such activities.Registering and Inspecting the Qualifications of Gaming PromotersUnder the By-law on the Regulation of Casino Gaming Promotion Activities (By-law No. 6/2002),the DICJ is responsible for examining the qualifications of applicants for gaming promoter licences.Gaming promoters can only operate if they possess such a licence. Their business activities arealso monitored by the DICJ once their licence has been issued.As for the registration of gaming promoters, a total of 232 licences were issued in 2012,representing an increase of 5.9 percent on the figure of 2011. Of these, 202 were issued to legalentities and 30 were issued to individuals. The DICJ continued to enhance the review of thequalifications of these two types of gaming promoters, to monitor the capacity and financial strengthof the licensees.With regard to the supervision of the implementation of the cap on junket commissions, in 2011the bureau completed the second round of inspections of the six casino concessionaires. It alsocontinued to improve the detailed report on payments related to junket commissions and relatedaudit procedures, to ensure that junket commissions paid by the concessionaires did not exceedthe stipulated upper limit.Regular Account AuditingThe DICJ’s Audit Department is responsible for regular audits of accounting data provided by theaccounting systems of casino concessionaires. The department also verifies the implementationof contracts between the Government and concessionaires, especially the fulfilment of paymentsspecified in contracts.Establishing a Gaming Activities DatabaseThe Research and Investigation Department is responsible for collecting, analysing and processing212

The Gaming Industryall information related to the activities of licensed gaming operators and their financial indicators,in order to create and continuously update a database about the major activities of licensed gamingoperators. Besides compiling financial forecasts about gaming activities, the department supervisesand investigates the financial background and eligibility of gaming-related companies on a dayto-daybasis.In 2012, the DICJ continued to improve the mechanism of gaming regulations, amend relevantlaws and regulations to improve the internal structure of the gaming industry and enhance thecompetitiveness of the Macao gaming industry in the international market. Additionally, the DICJwas committed to preventing problem gambling, promoting responsible gambling and reducingthe negative effects of the gaming industry on society. Its efforts can be summarised as follows:1. The DICJ continued to cooperate with government departments and organisations, includingthe Social Welfare Bureau and the University of Macau, to organise various activities andpublicity campaigns to promote responsible gambling, and established a trial version ofresponsible gambling information kiosks with these two parties.2. To enforce Law No. 10/2012, the DICJ inspected casinos for clear notices stating thatindividuals under 21 years old are prohibited from entering since the law came into effect.DICJ inspectors are stationed at venues to provide necessary assistance to casino staff onchecking the age of casino visitors.3. From 1 November 2012, self-exclusion and third-person exclusion were made effective.The DICJ kept close contact with casino operators to improve the application process andprovide assistance to individuals in need. At the end of December 2012, the DICJ hadreceived 30 applications, which were mainly for self-exclusion.4. To comprehensively monitor the air quality of casinos and safeguard the health of frontlinestaff, the DICJ joined hands with other government departments such as the Health Bureauand the Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau for a strict and thorough assessment ofapplications for smoking space in casinos, to ensure the smoking area does not exceed 50percent of that of gambling space. The DICJ also held regular meetings and communicatedwith the six casino operators regarding the guidelines on casino smoking areas, in preparationfor enforcement of the guidelines from 1 January 2013 onward.5. To strengthen auditing and technology advancement, the DICJ set up CCTV rooms inflagship casinos of every operator and stationed inspectors to monitor the cashiers’ offices.Moreover, personnel were sent to gambling concessionaires to carry out field auditingregarding the requirements stipulated in the Minimum Internal Control Requirements,including the implementation of the cap on junket commissions.6. To implement and promote the Macau Central Monitoring Systems Technical Standard, theDICJ set up specific monitoring rooms to improve regulation of slot machines.7. The money laundering control procedures submitted by the gaming concessionaires underDirective No. 2/2006, were reviewed on a regular basis, and amended and updated inaccordance with changes in the operating modes of different gaming concessionaires andtechnological developments. The Summary Report on Large Transactions was further213

Macao Yearbook 2013analysed and examined, while relevant information was gathered and transferred to theFinancial Intelligence Office for further case analysis, filing and investigation.8. With regard to inspection of pari-mutuels, close monitor over gaming data of pari-mutuelsand lotteries was retained. The DICJ spared no effort in coordination regarding replacementand improvement of betting systems of gaming companies and studying of the revision oflaw, including sports lotteries-football betting regulations.The Contribution of Casino Gaming toMacao’s Gross Gaming Revenue during 2012(Billion Patacas)Source: DICJItem 2012Gross revenue from casino gaming 304.139Gross gaming revenue 305.235Proportion of contribution 99.64%Gross Revenues of Different Types ofCasino Gaming during 2012(Billion Patacas)ItemGross revenueRoulette 0.892Blackjack 2.950VIP Baccarat 210.850Baccarat 66.251Mini Baccarat -Fan-tan 0.249Big-and-Small 5.546Chinese Dominoes (Pai Gow) 0.087Boule -Mahjong 0.203Slot Machines 13.244214

The Gaming IndustryGross Revenues of Different Types ofCasino Gaming during 2012(Cont.)(Billion Patacas)ItemGross revenueChinese Dominoes Mahjong 0.0047Three-card Poker 0.211Fish-Prawn-Crab 0.022Three-card Baccarat 0.347Pachinko -Tombola 0.0014Wheel of Fortune 0.035Live Multi Game 0.895Football Poker -Stud Poker 1.472Q Poker -Casino War 0.246Dice/craps 0.137Makccarat -Texas Poker 0.289Fortune 3 Card Poker 0.206Fortune 8 -Dragon Phoenix 0.00081Total 304.139Source: DICJ215

Macao Yearbook 2013Enhancingcompetitiveness of thegaming industryAt the end of 2012, there were 35 casinosoperating in Macao. The Governmentcontinues to implement and modify measuresto regulate the scope and pace of the gamingindustry’s expansion, to enhance the industry’scompetitiveness and strengthen supervision ofgaming to facilitate appropriate, gradual andhealthy development of the industry.216

The Gaming Industry217

Macao Yearbook 2013

TOURISM

TourismTourismTourism is the backbone of Macao’s economy. With the long-term goal of building Macao as aworld tourism and leisure centre, the government department responsible for tourism developmentstarted adjusting tourism policies and measures in accordance with Macao’s new positioning, andpromoted sustainable and healthy development of the tourism industry in areas including marketingand promotion, tourism planning, products and events, tourism industry management, and trainingand quality control.Overview of Tourism in MacaoMajor MarketsAccording to the Statistics and Census Service, the total number of tourists visiting Macao in 2012was 28,082,292, a slight increase of 0.3 percent over the 2011 figure. During 2012, Macao’s tourismmaintained steady growth. Despite uncertainties in the global economy resulting in fewer visitorsfrom several major tourist sources, the performance of new emerging markets was satisfactory.In 2012, the 10 major source markets of visitors were:Country / Region No. of Visitors Percentage (%)Mainland China 16,902,499 60.2%Hong Kong 7,081,153 25.2%Taiwan 1,072,052 3.8%Korea 444,773 1.6%Japan 395,989 1.4%Malaysia 301,802 1.1%Philippines 283,881 1.0%Thailand 231,295 0.8%Indonesia 209,084 0.7%Singapore 205,692 0.7%In 2012, Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) comprised 89.2 percent of thetotal market, and the international market comprised 10.8 percent. Mainland China continued to bethe largest market for visitors to Macao, with the number of visitors increasing by 4.6 percent overthe 2011 figure. They accounted for 60.2 percent of the total number of visitors, and 7,131,914 (42.2percent) of them travelled to Macao under the Facilitated Individual Travel (FIT) scheme. HongKong and Taiwan were the second and third largest markets for visitors to Macao, respectively;the numbers of visitors from these regions decreased by 6.6 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively,compared with the figures in 2011.221

Macao Yearbook 2013In 2012, there was a significant increase in the number of Thai tourists, up by 17.8 percent overthe figure in 2011. Thailand became the eighth largest source of tourists, compared to tenth in theprevious year. There was a large drop in numbers of Singaporean tourists, down by 26.7 percentover the 2011 figure. As a result, Singapore was ranked tenth among sources of tourists.Despite the slowdown in the global economy, Macao tourism sustained its 2011 momentum.Certain individual markets with great potential recorded considerable growth, especially Russia. In2012, 26,844 Russian tourists visited Macao, a 62.6 percent increase over the 2011 figure. Duringthe year, there were 3,026,588 tourists from international markets, 0.5 percent more than in 2011.The Hotel IndustryAccording to Macau Government Tourist Office (MGTO) statistics, at the end of 2012, Macao hada total of 69 star-rated hotels and 33 guesthouses.Star Rating Number of Hotels Number of RoomsFive-star Luxury Hotels 8 3,679Five-star Hotels 20 13,223Four-star Hotels 14 5,717Three-star Hotels 14 2,620Two-star Hotels 13 841Sub-total 69 26,080Guesthouse 33 639Total 26,719* Average room rate of three to five-star hotels is 1,423.2 patacas (+5.9%)The total number of guests who occupied hotel rooms in Macao during 2012 was 9,541,397, a10.8 percent increase over the 2011 figure. The average year-round hotel occupancy rate droppedfrom 84.1 percent in 2011 to 83.1 percent in 2012. The average length of stay was 1.4 nights, adecrease of 0.13 nights compared with the 2011 figure.Travel AgenciesAt the end of 2012, there were 169 licensed travel agencies in Macao, 12 (7.6 percent) more thanin 2011. A total of 1,643 people held tourist guide licences issued by the MGTO, an increase of125 (8.2 percent) compared with the 2011 figure. The language abilities of these tourist guides spanCantonese, Putonghua, English, Portuguese, German, Japanese, Korean, Thai, French, Spanish,Russian, Indonesian, Hokkien and Chaozhouese.222

TourismIn 2012, 9,122,332 tourists visited Macao on package tours, an increase of 21.0 percent over2011. Most package tourists (6,521,675) came from mainland China, an increase of 18.9 percentover the 2011 figure. The second and third-largest sources of package tourists were Taiwan andHong Kong, at 784,386 and 417,127, respectively.In 2012, a total of 430,065 Macao residents joined outbound group tours. Of these, 319,270 (74.2percent) headed for mainland China. Korea and Taiwan were the second and third most-populartourism destinations for Macao residents, with Korea attracting 29,703 visitors or 6.9 percent of thetotal, and Taiwan attracting 21,285 visitors or 4.9 percent of the total. A total of 861,152 residentsused travel agent services without joining package tours, which is 31.2 percent more than in 2011.Macau Government Tourist OfficeThe functions of the Macau Government Tourist Office (MGTO) include assisting the formulationand implementation of local tourism policies; enhancing development and diversity of the tourismindustry; and monitoring tourism and related business and issuing licences, in order to realise theGovernment’s overall tourism objectives.To promote Macao, the MGTO has set up representative offices in many countries and territoriesthroughout the world, including Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, India,Indonesia, German-speaking countries, France, the United Kingdom and Ireland, the United States,Russia, Australia and New Zealand. Macao’s tourism industry is also actively promoted by theTourism Section of the Office of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing, the MacauEconomic and Cultural Office in Taiwan, the Macao Economic and Trade Office to the EuropeanUnion in Belgium, and the Macau Tourism Promotion and Information Center in Portugal.The MGTO has participated in large scale promotional events in Australia, the United States andGuangdong. After the visa-free access agreement between the MSAR and Russian governments cameinto effect, the MGTO planned to set up its representative office in Russia in 2013, to strengthenthe promotion of Macao.Business TourismTo promote Macao as a business tourism destination, the MGTO continued to participate in relevantinternational expos held overseas. Incentive programmes also continued, to encourage the industryto further engage in overseas marketing. In 2012, the MGTO jointed hands with the EconomicServices Bureau and the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute to participate in overseasexpos to promote Macao’s meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibition (MICE) industry andrelated incentive measures and policies.The MGTO launched its incentive travel stimulation programme to attract overseas companiesto choose Macao as a destination for their incentive travel, enhance cooperation between the localindustry and international buyers and organisations, and help raise the quality of the local industryto international levels. In 2012, 39 applications for the programme were accepted, involving 28,242participants.223

Macao Yearbook 2013Industry ManagementIn 2012, the legislative procedures for the bill on the amendments to the law governing travelagents and tour guides commenced. The bill on the amendments to the law governing the hoteland catering industries was also under the drafting process.After the law on Prohibition of Illegal Provision of Accommodation came into effect in 2010, theMGTO has been joining hands with homeowners’ councils and social groups in combating illegalprovision of accommodation. The MGTO has also received and transferred complaints throughthe 2833 3000 hotline, via the Internet, in person and by post.In 2012, the inter-departmental task force conducted 238 joint operations and the MGTOundertook 2,441 inspections.During the year, the MGTO processed 2,131 cases regarding licence applications. Moreover,it conducted 1,780 inspections of the establishments, industries and tourist spots under itsadministration.During 2012, the MGTO held four training sessions to improve service quality of tourism andrelated businesses. A total of 132 participants received training; retail industry employees werethe first target group.Regional and International CooperationIn 2012, the MGTO facilitated the signing of Cooperation Agreement on Quality and Honest MacauTour between Macao and Shenzhen, safeguarding market order.The MGTO represented the Government to participate as a core leadership member ininternational organisations such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO),the Pacific Asia Travel Association, the Tourism Working Group of the Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation, the Asian Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus, the International Congressand Convention Association and the World Tourism Cities Federation.The MGTO established supportive measures for Portuguese-speaking countries, includingprovision of training to government officials of these countries, and provided project subsidies toMozambique and East Timor in accordance with the UNWTO Sustainable Tourism - EliminatingPoverty Initiative.Handling Tourist CommentsIn 2012, the MGTO received 633 complaints concerning retail services, gaming establishments,restaurants, travel agencies, hotels, transport, frauds, and others relating to public entities.MGTO hotline 2833 3000 is a phone enquiry service that is manned 24 hours per day. It alsoprovides recorded travel information, giving assistance and responses to enquiries, and receivingopinions and complaints from tourists and Macao residents. The hotline is operated in Cantonese,Putonghua, English, Portuguese and Japanese. It received 29,871 calls during 2012.224

TourismInformation CountersThe MGTO has 10 information counters, which are at major ports and tourist attractions in Macao(the Border Gate, the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, Edif Ritz Largo do Senado, Guia Lighthouse,Macau International Airport, Macau Fisherman’s Wharf and Taipa Ferry Terminal), and major portsin Hong Kong (Shun Tak Centre and Hong Kong International Airport), providing up-to-date tourisminformation and assistance to tourists. In 2012, MGTO’s information counters in Macao and HongKong offered assistance to 1,389,437 visitors, an increase of one percent over the 2011 figure.Tourism TrainingTourism and related industries account for a significant proportion of Macao’s total workforce. TheGovernment attaches great importance to training people employed in the tourism sector; it offerstraining courses for various tourism-related professionals through the Institute for Tourism Studies.The Institute of Tourism StudiesEstablished in 1995, the Institute for Tourism Studies (IFT) is a public tertiary education instituteaffiliated to the Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture, and is the first educational institutionto be granted the TedQual Certification by the UNWTO. The IFT offers degree and professionalprogrammes in a wide range of tourism-related disciplines, such as hotel services, tourism, culturalheritage, conventions and exhibitions, retail and marketing, leisure and entertainment, sports andrecreation, cultural and creativity, and culinary arts. The institute also cooperates with renownedoverseas colleges and training institutions to offer advanced management courses. In addition, theIFT has been commissioned by the Government and other institutions to conduct policy researchon tourism planning and development.To meet the human resources demands of the tourism sector and complement the sector’s futuredevelopment, IFT’s degree programmes admitted 439 students during the 2011/2012 academic year.During the academic year, a total of 1,452 students enrolled in degree programmes in culinary artsmanagement, tourism business management, heritage management, hotel management, tourismevent management, and tourism retail and marketing management. IFT also established eveningdegree programmes in hotel management and tourism event management with Chinese as themedium of instruction. As for non-degree education, there were 18,180 students enrolled in variousprofessional and continuing education courses.The IFT has established relationships with universities and related institutions in numerouscountries and regions, including mainland China, the Asia Pacific Region, Europe and NorthAmerica. This international network facilitates academic and cultural exchanges, and promotesoverseas internships, faculty and student exchanges and “train-the-trainer” programmes. Fordetails, please refer to ie@IFT. http://www.ift.edu.mo/Content/Uploads/IFT/doc/Networking/IE_Brochure.pdf.Tourism ResourcesBoasting a brilliant and fascinating history encompassing 400 years of cultural exchanges between225

Macao Yearbook 2013China and the West, Macao has a unique appeal to tourists. Its scenery is embellished with touristtreasures of all types, including picturesque dwellings constructed in traditional styles and ancienttemples built during the Ming and Qing dynasties, buildings with Southern European architecturalfeatures, baroque-style churches and impressive contemporary structures.ChurchesRuins of St Paul’sMacao’s most famous landmark is the Ruins of St Paul’s, the surviving facade of St Paul’s Church.Designed by a Spanish Jesuit, construction of the original church began in 1602, and it was completedbetween 1637 and 1640. St Paul’s Church has been destroyed by fire three times but fortunately itsprecious facade remained standing after the blaze. The facade has since been repaired many times,and it is now generally known as the Ruins of St Paul’s.St Paul’s Church is a delicate mixture of European Renaissance and Eastern architectural styles.The Museum of Sacred Art and Crypt was built at the location of the church, and houses collectionspaintings, sculptures and ceremonial decorations from churches and abbeys.The Chapel of Our Lady of GuiaOriginally built in 1622, the Chapel of Our Lady of Guia is the oldest building on Guia Hill. Aproject to enlarge it was carried out in 1637 and was completed in 1638. The Portuguese dedicatedthe church to the protector of seafarers. The interior preserves features that were common in 17thcentury Portuguese abbeys. In 1996, a mural was discovered inside the church, a rarity in thechurches of southern China.St. Anthony’s ChurchThe oldest church in Macao, St Anthony’s Church, was built by the Society of Jesus between 1558and 1560. Catholics regard St Anthony as the patron saint of marriage, so locals also call it the“Wedding Church”.St. Augustine’s ChurchSt Augustine’s Church was built in 1591. It is one of the oldest churches in Macao. The churchunderwent considerable changes and assumed its present form when it was restored in 1874.St Dominic’s ChurchSt Dominic’s Church stands on part of the former site of St Dominic’s Convent. In 1587, Spanishfriars built the original church, which was dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary. It was initiallybuilt of camphor wood and then restructured with stucco bricks and cream-coloured stones. Thearchitecture is in Portuguese style, which was popular in the Orient in the 17th and 18th centuries.226

TourismIn the main chapel stands a statue of Our Lady of Fatima, from which the Parade of the Virgincommences on 13 May each year. Believers march to Penha Hill to commemorate the Virgin Mary’sappearance in Fatima, Portugal.There is a museum of sacred art inside the chapel. The collection includes religious items ofartistic value, as well as scriptures and carved wooden representations of saints.In recent years, major international concerts held inside the church have imbued it with an evenmore profound sense of culture.St Lawrence’s ChurchSt Lawrence’s is one of Macao’s most famous large churches. Built in the middle of the 16th century,it has undergone several restorations, and its present construction was completed in 1846. ThePortuguese, who were great mariners and navigators, believed that St Lawrence offered protectionand bestowed the gift of the wind.Hermitage of Our Lady of HopeThe Hermitage of Our Lady of Hope, also called St Lazarus’s Church, was Macao’s cathedraluntil the present one was built. It was also the first cathedral built after the establishment of theMacao Diocese. Whenever a new bishop arrived in Macao to take up office, he first had to cometo St Lazarus’s Church to receive his crosier before he could exert his power. Consequently, thischurch is especially holy among Catholics in Macao. The present structure of St Lazarus’s Churchremains as it was in 1885.The CathedralThe Cathedral was built in 1576 and was originally a simple wooden structure. Between 1844 and1850, Catholic parishioners collected donations to rebuild the church and enlarge it to its present size.Many major events in the Church’s calendar centre on the Cathedral, especially during Easter.In addition to the procession of Our Lord of Passion, a solemn parade takes place on Good Fridayand special masses are held on Easter Sunday.FortressesMount FortressMount Fortress is one of Macao’s major tourist attractions. Work on its construction began in 1617,during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, and it was completed in 1626. MountFortress was originally used by the Church to protect the clergymen of St Paul’s Church from pirateattacks. It was later turned into a military installation. In the past, the fortress stood high above thecity centre of Macao, and it was regarded as an important part of its defensive fortifications. It hasnow become a heritage site and witness to history.227

Macao Yearbook 2013Mount Fortress occupies about 8,000 square metres. The ancient fortress tower was once an officeof the Society of Jesus. It was also used as the office of the Macao Meteorological and GeophysicalBureau, and it has since been rebuilt as the Museum of Macao. At the entrance, a stone carvingrecords the fort’s military successes in defending the city against invasions.Mong Ha FortressConstruction of Mong Ha Fortress began in 1849. It covers an area of 650 square metres. Thefortress was once a barracks for African Portuguese soldiers stationed in Macao, and was called“Black Ghost Fortress”. After the former Portuguese administration withdrew its Macao garrisonduring the 1970s, the barracks were abandoned. In the 1980s, Mong Ha Fortress was renovated andbecame the Government-owned Tourism School, now known as the Institute for Tourism Studies.St Francis FortressSt Francis Fortress was constructed in 1622. In 1584, Spanish clergymen built St Francis Conventon the site behind the fortress; subsequently, the convent was converted into a barracks. In the 20thcentury, after Portuguese soldiers withdrew from Macao, the barracks became the headquarters ofthe security forces in charge of the Marine Police, Public Security Police and Fire Service.Guia FortressGuia Fortress occupies about 800 square metres. Its construction began in 1622, and it wasexpanded from 1637 to 1638. It was formerly valued for military purposes, because of its positionoverlooking the entire peninsula. It was therefore classified as a restricted military area until 1976,when the Portuguese army left. It was then turned into a tourist spot, and its appearance has beenkept intact until now.The Chapel of Our Lady of Guia was built in the fortress in 1622. Adjacent to the hermitage isthe 13-metre-high Guia Lighthouse, which was built in 1864, and is one of the oldest lighthouses inthe Far East. It resumed service in 1910 and has been guiding seamen ever since, with a visibilityof 25 nautical miles from Macao. When a typhoon approaches, typhoon signals are hoisted on theside of the lighthouse to warn nearby residents.Barra FortressBarra Fortress, also called Pousada de S. Tiago Fortress or Sai Van Fortress, was built in 1622.It was an important fortress for protecting Macao’s Inner Harbour. Inside the castle is the Chapelof St James. In 1981, the castle was converted into a hotel, while retaining its old characteristics.Three Ancient Grand TemplesMacao’s famous grand temples are the A-Ma Temple, Pou Chai Buddhist Monastery and Temple, andLin Fong Temple. Many visitors are attracted to these temples, because of the different generations228

Tourismand backgrounds they represent, and because of the gods to whom they are dedicated.A-Ma TempleThe A-Ma Temple is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Macao and the oldest of Macao’sthree ancient grand temples.Built in the Ming Dynasty, the A-Ma Temple was originally called the “A-Ma Pavilion” or “TinHau (Heavenly Queen) Temple” by local people. The entire temple consists of four main structures:the Stone Hall, the Main Hall, the Hong Ren Hall and the Kun Iam Pavilion. This ancient structureis distinguished by its traditional Chinese cultural characteristics.Between Hong Ren Hall and Kun Iam Pavilion, there are many stone inscriptions along the cliffpath written by celebrities, statesmen, poets and scholars and engraved in different calligraphic styles.Pou Chai Buddhist Monastery and TempleBuilt in the late Ming Dynasty, Pou Chai Buddhist Monastery and Temple is also called Kun IamTong Temple. The Buddhist monastery is built in the ancient Chinese architectural style of Hui Fei,resembling ancient Chinese temples on famous mountains. The first large hall in the monastery isdedicated to the Three Precious Buddhas, the second to the Buddha of Longevity, and the third toKun Iam. Besides the large halls, there are also some other buildings, such as the western hall, theeastern hall, the backyard garden, and so forth. Such a large Buddhist temple complex is unusualin Macao and Hong Kong.Many collections of paintings, items of calligraphy and antiques by famous masters are housedin the temple. They include the works of Gao Jianfu, a famous painter of the Ling Nan (Guangdongand Guangxi areas) school, and his student Guan Shanyue; Chen Gongyin, who ranked amongthe three great poets in Ling Nan; and the famous scholar Zhang Taiyan; as well as inscriptions byancient celebrities such as Mi Fu, Dong Qichang, and Liu Yong. The unequal Treaty of Wanghiabetween the United States of America and the Qing regime of China was signed in the temple garden.Lin Fong TempleBuilt in the Ming Dynasty, Lin Fong Temple is one of the most famous temples in Macao. Formerlynamed the “Tin Fei Temple”, Lin Fong is a comparatively small monastery and temple dedicatedto Tin Hau. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been expanded and renovated from time to time, and ithas gradually been expanded to its present size.Today, the main Lin Fong temple is for worshipping Kun Iam and Tin Hau; whereas other godsare worshipped in the Kun Iam Hall, Wu Di Hall, Ren Shou Hall, Shen Nong Hall, Yi Ling Hall,Cang Xie Hall, Ju Yong Hall, Jin Hua Hall and Dou Mu Hall.In the middle of the 19th century, Lin Zexu, a Qing Dynasty imperial commissioner, receivedPortuguese officials in Lin Fong Temple during his temporary residence in Macao.As well as the three ancient grand temples, there are many other old temples in Macao, such as229

Macao Yearbook 2013the Na Tcha Temple, Hong Kung Temple, Tam Kung Temple, Yeok San Buddhist Monastery, ChuLam Chi Buddhist Monastery, Sam Po Temple, Po Tai Buddhist Monastery, Lin Kai Temple, PakTai Temple and Tin Hau Temple.Cybernetic FountainsMacao has a cybernetic fountain at Nam Van Lake. The fountain comprises various spouts andlights for fountain shows. The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau schedules two musical fountainshows and laser fountain shows on Saturdays and Sundays. More shows are staged during specialfestivals, such as New Year’s Day, Chinese New Year, the Mid-Autumn Festival and Christmas.Macau TowerThe Macau Tower Convention and Entertainment Centre, which was funded and constructedby the Sociedade de Turismo e Diversoes de Macau, officially opened on 19 December 2001 asMacao’s new signature landmark. Soaring 338 metres high, the Macau Tower was the tenth-highestfreestanding tower in the world and the eighth-highest in Asia when it was completed.The main observation level is 223 metres above the ground, and consists of four floors. Twofloors accommodate an indoor viewing deck, cafe, revolving restaurant and outdoor viewing deck.The indoor viewing deck provides visitors with panoramic views of up to 55 kilometres.The multifunction convention and entertainment centre integrated with the tower also has fourfloors containing exhibition and conference facilities.A-Ma StatueLocated at the top of the Alto de Coloane, the A-Ma Statue is the tallest white marble statue of thisgoddess in the world. Constructed from 120 white marble boulders and completed on 28 October1998, it is 19.99 metres in height. The face is carved from a single white marble boulder, and thestatue weighs 500 tonnes.International Sports and Cultural EventsMacao hosts a variety of international sports and cultural events throughout the year. These playan important role in promoting Macao, enhancing its international profile and attracting touristsand visitors.Macau Grand PrixThe Macau Grand Prix began in 1954, and was originally an amateur sports event for Macao motorracing fans. Today, it has become a major event for the world’s leading racing teams.Every year in late November, world-class drivers and thousands of visitors flock to Macao to jointhe world’s only street track event that includes both a formula touring car race and a motorcycle race.230

TourismThe Formula Three race of the Macau Grand Prix is the premier event, drawing nationalchampionship racers from throughout the world to compete for the honour of first prize.Grand Prix street track riders and motorcycle superstars such as Ayrton Senna, MichaelSchumacher, David Coulthard, Jenson Button, Kevin Schwantz, Carl Fogarty, Didier de Radiguesand Ron Haslam have competed at the Guia Circuit.Macao International MarathonThe Macao International Marathon seeks to foster sports development, enhance internationalfriendship and promote Macao’s sports and tourism industry to the world.The Macao International Marathon is held every December and is the largest track-and-fieldevent in Macao. The route circles the Macao peninsula and crosses to Taipa and Coloane islands,and has a total length of 42.195 kilometres. Marathon competitors come from all over the world, andinclude athletes from Macao and Hong Kong as well as famous international track-and-field stars.Macao International Fireworks Display ContestThe Macao International Fireworks Display Contest is recognised throughout the world. It attractsnumerous prominent fireworks companies and is attended each year by large numbers of touristsand Macao residents. The contest provides an opportunity for Macao to showcase its tourismindustry and reputation.The first Macao International Fireworks Display Contest was held in 1989, and was contestedby just five teams, from Portugal, Japan, mainland China and Taiwan. The contest has graduallybecome a major annual tourism event, attracting high standard fireworks companies from countriesand regions such as mainland China, the Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea,Australia, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain. The MacaoInternational Fireworks Display Contest is usually held between September and October each year,on the seafront near the Macau Tower.Other major sports events and cultural activities held in Macao include the FIVB World GrandPrix, the Macao Open (Golf Tournament), the annual Macao International Dragon Boat Races,the Macao Arts Festival in March, the Macao International Music Festival in October, and MacauFood Festival.Culinary DelightsSince Chinese and Western cultures coexist in Macao, it offers food that blends culinary influencesfrom around the world. Different cuisines can be sampled throughout the area, and tourists maytaste the regional dishes of Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, Guangdong and Taiwan to their heart’scontent. They can also enjoy authentic cuisines from Portugal, Italy, France, Japan, India, Vietnam,Korea, Brazil and Thailand.Regarded as one of the world’s unique cuisines, Macanese cuisine is actually a distillation of231

Macao Yearbook 2013the culinary arts of Portugal, Africa, India, Malaysia and mainland China’s Guangdong Province.Bacalao balls, African chicken, spicy prawns, Portuguese chicken, stewed duck with herbs, stewedknuckle with red beans, stuffed crab shells, and grilled sardines are celebrated delicacies in Macao.Macao specialties also include almond cakes, egg rolls, crackers, peanut candy, chicken-shapedpastries, dried preserved fruits and various dried meats. Tourists love to buy these snacks as giftsfor relatives and friends, or for their own enjoyment. Pastry houses and snack shops cluster alongAlmeida Ribeiro Avenue to the Auto Novo Alley, Sao Paulo Road and around the old district onTaipa island.232

TourismGrand Prix MuseumThe Grand Prix Museum wasinaugurated on 18 November 1993to commemorate the 40th anniversaryof the Macao Grand Prix. More than20 racing cars, including formularacing cars and motorcycles drivenover the years, and accessories usedby famous champions, are exhibited.233

Macao Yearbook 2013234

PUBLIC ORDER

Public OrderPublic OrderMacao is a peaceful, safe city with a much lower crime rate than many other cities around theworld. Its citizens are well housed and adequately paid for their work. Taking into account thesocial situation and crime trends, the Government’s security authorities adjust, deploy and executerelevant measures to effectively combat and prevent crime, safeguard the security of residents andtheir property, and maintain social stability and peace in accordance with the policy guidelines.Unitary Police ServiceThe Unitary Police Service was formed as part of Macao’s internal security system following theestablishment of the MSAR Government. It began operating in October 2001, commanding andleading the operations of the Public Security Police and Judiciary Police. The service leads andcoordinates the two bodies’ operations by commanding them in the performance of their duties,coordinating all their criminal investigations, overseeing their operations, and evaluating the resultsof their actions. When considered necessary, the Unitary Police Service may intervene in policeoperations and directly coordinate and participate in joint actions. By strengthening its operationalcapability, the Unitary Police Service enhances its ability to combat crime, reduce crime rates,maintain public order, and ensure the safety of people and property.The Unitary Police Service plans and advises on operations. It consists of six subsidiary units:the Office of the Commissioner General, the Intelligence Analysis Centre, the Operations PlanningCentre, the Administration and Finance Department, the Computer and Information TechnologyUnit and the Information and Public Relations Office.Public Security PoliceThe Public Security Police is responsible for maintaining public order and social stability;preventing, investigating and combating crime; protecting public and private property; controllingillegal immigration; handling immigration; as well as controlling and monitoring vehicular andpedestrian traffic.Affiliated units of the Public Security Police include a Directorate and Interdepartmental Board,Resource Management Department, Information Department, Operations Department, ImmigrationDepartment, Traffic Department, Macao City Police Department, Taipa and Coloane Islands PoliceDepartment, Tactical Police Unit and Logistic Support and Services Division, as well as the PoliceSchool and Police Band.At the end of 2012, the Public Security Police comprised 5,120 staff, with 4,248 personnel inservice, 872 vacancies and 393 clerical staff.Operations Control CentreThe Operations Control Centre comes under the Operations Department of the Public SecurityPolice. All 999 emergency calls from residents are routed to the centre, which classifies them237

Macao Yearbook 2013and arranges for police officers to visit the scene and take action. The Operations Control Centrereceived 422,285 emergency calls during 2012.The centre also supervises traffic-monitoring systems. Video cameras installed on all seabridges transmit images of traffic that enable its officers to observe and control traffic flows. TheOperations Control Centre is equipped with a computer-controlled video alarm system that cantransfer video footage from crime scenes direct to the centre. This enables officials to learn abouta situation quickly, and respond to it.Police Tactical UnitThe Police Tactical Unit was established in 1979, and currently has 628 team members. Underthe Police Tactical Unit, there are six special units – the anti-riot team, VIP and important facilityprotection unit, bomb-disposal team, police dog team, inspection and security team, and specialoperations team. They are responsible for the safety of important facilities, combating criminals –especially those using firearms, and taking action when there is serious violence, including instancesof sniper attacks and hostage-taking.Judiciary PoliceThe Judiciary Police is a criminal investigation police department under the supervision of theSecretary for Security, and it specialises in crime prevention and investigation. It also assists thejudiciary and other Government departments in investigating criminal activities.At present, the subsidiary units of the Judiciary Police are the Criminal Investigation Department;the Department for the Investigation of Gaming-related and Economic Crimes; the Intelligence andSupport Department; the Forensic Science Department; the IT and Telecommunications ManagementDepartment; the Management and Planning Department; the Judiciary Police Training School; andthe Interpol Macau, China (Sub-bureau of the Chinese National Central Bureau of ICPO – Interpol).At the end of 2012, the total number of permanent staff positions in the Judiciary Police was 1,356,and there were 1,045 serving staff.In 2012, the Judiciary Police received 9,283 criminal cases, of which 4,556 were designatedas investigations, 1,886 were preliminary investigations, 2,540 were investigations that had beenrequested and the other 301 were indictments. The investigations completed involved: threehomicides, 23 illegal confinements, 32 extortion cases, 23 arson cases, 141 robberies, 1,800 thefts,93 cases of drug trafficking, 142 cases of drug taking, 18 human trafficking cases, 17 cases ofprostitution exploitation, six triad cases, 16 cases of criminal groups, 150 profiteering and loansharkingcases, 2,070 gambling-related cases, 249 cases of passing counterfeit currency (includingusing counterfeit credit cards), 210 fraud cases, 175 cases of computer or internet fraud, and twocases of phone fraud.Judiciary Police SchoolThe functions of the Judiciary Police School are to select and train personnel for special duties238

Public Orderin the Judiciary Police, supervise trainees, publish promotional materials and organise publicityprogrammes.Its training programmes include induction, in-service training and promotional training forinspectors and assistant inspectors, detectives and assistant criminologists handling criminal cases.In 2012, the school provided 88 courses totalling 2,672 teaching hours for 2,251 staff on inductiontraining, in-service training, promotion-related training and joint programmes co-hosted with otherinstitutions.Macao Sub-Bureau, INTERPOL National Central Bureau, ChinaThe Interpol Macao, China (Sub-bureau of the Chinese National Central Bureau of ICPO –Interpol) carries out or assists in operations in Macao at the request of overseas Interpol offices.It issues international arrest warrants from Macao to Interpol’s headquarters in France, releasesrelevant crime information, submits executable temporary detention requests in accordance withextradition procedures in other countries, and detains or helps to detain extraditable fugitivessubject to Interpol international arrest warrants. Among its other functions are the detentionof criminals or suspects repatriated to Macao, and the provision of advice on crime preventionand reduction. In addition, the sub-bureau exchanges materials concerning international crime,releases documents on police matters, and establishes cooperative relations with overseas publicsecurity authorities. At the same time, it receives, classifies, handles, issues and files documentsconcerning international criminals.Crisis Negotiation UnitUnder the management and command of the Deputy Director responsible for criminal investigationand operations, the Crisis Negotiation Unit is designed to alleviate crises and disputes and minimisecasualties and property losses by conducting negotiations. Members of the unit were drawn fromvarious investigation departments and all participate on a voluntary, part-time basis. They becomeformal members of the unit after strict selection and training procedures. They also need to participatein regular drills and training. The members are called upon to serve as negotiators in emergencysituations, such as advising on instances of suicide attempts and hostage taking.In 2012, the Crisis Negotiation Unit handled 18 cases of suicide attempts and self-confinement,all of which were satisfactorily resolved. The unit also handled 15 cases from other administrativeauthorities, to assist in clearing illegal squatter houses or unlawful occupation of Governmentland.Macao Public Security ForcesThe Macao Public Security Forces (FSM) consists of the Public Security Forces Affairs Bureau,Public Security Police Force, Fire Service and Academy of Public Security Forces. The FSM hada total of 6,348 members at the end of 2012, which includes 5,449 disciplined services staff and899 clerical staff. It cooperates with the Unitary Police Service, Macao Customs Service, JudiciaryPolice and Macao Prison to form Macao’s internal security system.239

Macao Yearbook 2013Public Security Forces Affairs Bureau (DSFSM)The DSFSM is primarily responsible for ensuring administrative and financial resources managementand providing technical support for every public security force and authority in Macao. Its subsidiaryunits include the Administrative Management Department, the Technical Support Department, andthe Public Relations and Historical Archive Office.RecruitmentRecruitment of police officers and fire service officers comes under the central control of theDSFSM. The minimum academic entry requirement for police officers and Fire Service officers issenior high school level. Applicants must pass a full medical examination, a physical fitness test,a general knowledge test and a psychological test.The following table shows details of the 2012 recruitment:Training Programmes forFSM Police CadetsNumber ofApplicantsNumber of Students after SelectionMale Female Total17th 1,076 131 19 15018th 1,064 137 25 162After passing the training programme examinations, an eligible candidate can choose to becomea police officer or a fire service officer. Also, clerical staff are recruited by the Public Security ForcesAffairs Bureau (DSFSM). After examinations and assessments, successful applicants are allocatedto various divisions of the Macao Public Security Forces (FSM).Enquiries and ComplaintsIn 2012, the DSFSM received 116 cases, including 16 complaints, five suggestions and opinions, 83enquiries and three crime reports. A further nine cases were found to be unrelated to the FSM. Ofthe 16 complaints, nine concerned officers and staff, three concerned traffic issues, two concernedservice procedures, one concerned the environment and one concerned equipment and facilities.Disciplinary CasesThe FSM requires rigorous disciplinary compliance from all its officers. According to informationprovided by the FSM, during 2012 it handled 331 disciplinary cases involving 378 people, 285 ofwhom were in the Public Security Police, 40 in the Fire Service, two in the DSFSM and four inthe Academy of Macao Public Security Forces. Most disciplinary actions were for minor offences.However, 12 Public Security Police officers and one Fire Service officer were disciplined forcriminal offences.240

Public OrderFire ServiceThe core functions of the Fire Service are to assist in cases of fire, flooding, building collapses,and other situations threatening life and property. It takes measures to prevent fires and providesassistance in emergency cases involving illness or danger. The Fire Service also participates incivil protection and emergency management. Its organisation currently consists of a CommandOffice, Discipline Committee, Legal Advisors’ Division, Command Support Office, ResourcesManagement Department, Personnel and Logistics Division, Technical Support Division, MacaoOperations and Ambulance Division affiliated to the Macao Operations Department, Islands’Operations and Ambulance Division affiliated to the Islands’ Operations Department, Fire ServiceSchool, Services Division and Airport Division.At the end of 2012, the Fire Service had a staffing level of 1,173 posts, with 1,021 servingpersonnel and 144 vacancies. It has seven fire stations on the Macao peninsula, Taipa and Coloaneislands: the Fire Service Headquarters and Sai Van Lake Station, Central Station, Areia Preta Station,Taipa Island Station, and Coloane Island Station, plus two stations at Macau International Airport.The Fire Service responded to 38,524 incidents during 2012.Appliances and EquipmentThe Fire Service currently has 156 fire vehicles, including 16 large water pumps, five 18-metre aerialladder pumps, nine ladder platforms, six rescue units, two tenders equipped for high rescues, sixrescue cushion tenders, two foam tenders, one hose foam carrier, 14 fire/ambulance motorcycles,31 ambulances and six ambulance motorcycles.Fire FightingIn 2012, the Fire Service handled 25 medium-sized fires, 718 small fires, and 362 miscellaneousfires. Classified by cause, 613 fire incidents were due to the careless disposal of embers, 94 werethe result of electrical short circuits, 132 were accidental false alarms, two were deliberate falsealarms, 17 were due to suspected arson and 247 were due to other causes. 161 people were injuredin fires during the year.Other Emergency and Special ServicesThe Fire Service provides other accident, emergency and special services, such as handling gasleaks, emergency opening of doors and the rescue of people trapped in malfunctioning lifts, andsuicide attempts. It assists the injured in industrial and traffic accidents, removes fallen objects,cleans roads, and deals with collapsed buildings or fallen trees, landslides and flooding. Whenneeded, it also provides emergency and special services to Macau International Airport. In 2012,the Fire Service responded to 5,669 emergency calls concerning such incidents.Ambulance ServiceThe Fire Service is also responsible for all emergency assistance work in Macao. Its emergency241

Macao Yearbook 2013ambulance team comprises 796 paramedics. In 2012, the Fire Service responded to 31,750 emergencyrequests for ambulances, and dispatched ambulances on 35,592 occasions.Fire PreventionUnder the Rules and Regulations on Fire Prevention and Safety, the Fire Service is responsible formonitoring the design of all new buildings and fire-prevention equipment. It also inspects olderbuildings and advises on improvements to fire-prevention facilities. In addition, it examines andmonitors fire-prevention measures in shopping malls, factories, catering establishments, and variousrecreational and entertainment venues. In 2012, the Fire Service examined 2,043 construction plans,conducted 1,934 site inspections, performed 1,187 fire-fighting-equipment tests and undertook2,118 fire-prevention and safety patrols. It handled 400 complaints about fire safety and awarded30 quality certificates for fire-prevention and fire-fighting equipment.Academy of Macao Public Security ForcesThe Academy of Macao Public Security Forces is a bureau-level unit under the Secretary for Security,and it is the tertiary educational institution responsible for training Macao’s senior police officers.The academy’s core function is to train officers serving in different units of the FSM. Sinceits establishment, the academy has produced a large number of senior local police officers andfirefighters equipped with professional knowledge, skills and capabilities for the Macao PublicSecurity Forces.From 1995 to 2012, the academy trained 244 officers in its Police/Fire Service Officers’ TrainingProgramme. These graduates have now taken up leadership and directorate positions in differentunits of the FSM. At present, 73 people (including one exchange trainee from mainland China) areattending its 11th, 12th and 13th training programmes.From 1991 to 2012, a total of 5,700 officers attended the Training Programme for Police Cadetsprovided by the academy’s Joint Training Centre.Traffic AccidentsAccording to statistics provided by the Public Security Police, 14,688 traffic accidents occurred inMacao during 2012, resulting in 5,250 injuries and 18 fatalities.Macao Customs ServiceThe Macao Customs Service (Macao Customs) was officially inaugurated on 1 November 2001. Aceremony was held on 6 November 2001 to celebrate its establishment, and the formal inaugurationof the Macao Customs Service Building. The Establishment Day of the Macao Customs Servicehas been commemorated on 6 November of every year since then.Founded in accordance with the Basic Law, Macao Customs is an independently administered242

Public Orderpublic authority. It is responsible for leading, implementing and monitoring measures related tocustoms policies, as well as policing duties related to customs affairs.The duties of Macao Customs include preventing, tackling and eliminating customs fraud. Itis also committed to curbing and stamping out unlawful trafficking. It helps to monitor externaltrade activities and contributes to protecting and enhancing Macao’s international reputation.Macao Customs also safeguards intellectual property rights, as prescribed by law. It is dedicatedto fulfilling Macao’s international obligations relating to customs matters and looking after thesafety of people and property, as set out in the security policies of Macao. It also participates incivil protection preparedness, and special emergency operations.Macao Customs has a Director-General, Deputy Director-General, Assistant Director-General,Operation Management Department, Checkpoint Enforcement Department, Intellectual PropertyRights Department, Marine Enforcement Department, Information and Communication TechnologyDepartment, Internal Affairs Office, and Finance and Administration Department.In 2012, Macao Customs seized large quantities of illegal and smuggled contraband importsincluding 27.97 kilograms of ivory, 1.48 kilograms of turtles, 3.48 kilograms of deer antlers,183,359.42 kilograms of meat and vegetables, 524.44 litres of alcoholic beverages, 810,368cigarettes, 383 items of leather products related to protection of intellectual and industrial propertyrights, and 4,007 items of electronic and communications equipment and accessories.Moreover, 15.49 grams of drugs were seized at border checkpoints, including psychoactivesubstances totalling 167,306.52 grams of powder, 592 pills and tablets and 1.44 litres of liquid.Marine SupervisionThe Macao Customs Fleet is responsible for patrolling Macao’s coastal waters. With thecooperation of the Frontier Defence Office of the Guangdong Provincial Public SecurityDepartment and other mainland China customs departments, it has strengthened its role in tacklingorganised illegal immigration and smuggling activities. In 2012, the Macao Customs Fleet andcustoms-related units in mainland China (such as the Frontier Defence Brigade of the ZhuhaiPublic Security Bureau) conducted 40 joint operations along the coast of Macao, to ensure orderand safety at sea. The Macao Customs Fleet also conducted 43 joint sea patrols with the MacaoMaritime Administration in the Inner Harbour and Outer Harbour to strengthen order and safetyalong the two harbour channels.The Macao Customs Fleet currently has nine patrol vessels and 22 high-speed boats.International CooperationMacao Customs is a member of the World Customs Organization (WCO). The service hasparticipated in various operations with the World Customs Organization’s Regional IntelligenceLiaison Office for Asia and the Pacific as well as activities to prevent and combat crime relatedto terrorism, measures against human trafficking and activities to prevent and combat moneylaundering.243

Macao Yearbook 2013Handling Enquiries and ComplaintsThe Internal Affairs Office, which is directly under the Director-General of Macao Customs,is responsible for handling reports, complaints and enquiries. During 2012, the office received370 reports from the public. The topics included intellectual property infringements, violation ofexternal trade policies, violation of marine safety regulations, illegal immigration, illegal labour,and drug-related activities. In all, there were 72 complaints, concerning the conduct of customsofficers, service procedures, equipment and facilities, environment and noise pollution. It alsohandled 2,721 enquiries.Civil ProtectionCivil protection aims to prevent major loss of life and damage to property in the event of seriousaccidents, natural disasters and crises. It is jointly conducted by Government departments and publicinstitutions, with the involvement of residents. Civil protection procedures can reduce casualtiesand save lives in dangerous situations.The Action Coordination Centre makes suggestions and deploys manpower and materialresources to coordinate and supervise a programme of measures to limit or prevent the effects ofany serious accident, disaster or other catastrophe that occurs. It takes all necessary precautions tomaintain basic services and normal living conditions for residents in the event of tropical stormsor other abnormal situations.Should a disaster occur, civil protection action will be carried out in phases, according to thenature of the disaster and the needs it creates in terms of rescue and other requirements. If necessary,Macao can be divided into two districts, the Macao peninsula and the islands area. Separate districtaction centres can be set up to carry out or coordinate activities under the overall command of theAction Coordination Centre headquarters.The Public Security Forces, other Government departments, non-governmental organisations andprivate-sector companies jointly participate in civil protection. They include the Civil ProtectionAction Centre; Islands Area Action Centre; Fire Service; Public Security Police; Public SecurityForces Affairs Bureau; Academy of Macao Public Security Forces; Public Security CoordinationOffice; Judiciary Police; Macao Customs; Civil Aviation Authority; Maritime Administration; CondeS. Januario Hospital; Education and Youth Affairs Bureau; Lands, Public Works and TransportBureau; Government Tourist Office; Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau; GovernmentInformation Bureau; Social Welfare Bureau; Housing Bureau; Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau;Health Bureau; Transport Bureau; Companhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM); Companhia deTelecomunicacoes de Macau (CTM); Kiang Wu Hospital; Macao Water Supply Company (SAAM);and Teledifusao de Macau (TDM).Macao PrisonLocated on Coloane island, the Macao Prison, formerly called Coloane Prison, was completed andbecame operational in 1990. After a few years, to meet special public security needs, construction244

Public Orderof a Special Detention Centre located next to the Academy of Macao Public Security Forces onColoane island and managed by the prison began in 1998. It was put into service in 1999, to houseinmates requiring special supervision or custody. The nearby facility, formerly called the ColoaneYouth Prison, is now a section for female inmates. The Coloane Prison was officially renamed theMacao Prison when the Macao SAR was established on 20 December 1999.Functions of the PrisonThe prison is authorised to implement confinement and custodial sentences. The prison consistsof nine buildings, six of which accommodate inmates. One of the buildings, situated next tothe Academy of Macao Public Security Forces, is used to house inmates who are under specialsupervision or isolation in a special detention zone.The prison has separate male and female sections. Each has its own sub-sections for inmateson remand and convicted inmates.The prison can also set up special detention zones in other locations, for inmates who mustbe held under absolute or limited isolation regulations and special isolation security regulations.With the approval of authorised Government officials and in exceptional situations, the prisoncan provide protective custody for certain inmates.Prison PopulationThe prison can accommodate a maximum of 1,341 inmates. As at 31 December 2012, it held 1,112inmates: 238 were on remand and 874 were convicted.Number of inmates in the prison(as at 31 December 2012)18%3%13%66%Male Sentenced Prisoners 728 Female Sentenced Prisoners 205Male Prisoners on Remand 146Female Prisoners on Remand 33245

Macao Yearbook 2013Returning to SocietyTo implement its plan to assist inmates in returning to society, the prison provides education andoccupational training. Inmates can apply to study according to their educational level, interestsand needs.Social RehabilitationThe Social Rehabilitation Department under the Legal Affairs Bureau has three primaryresponsibilities: to provide rehabilitation services to adult inmates and to provide correctionalservices to rectify the behaviour of juvenile delinquents. It attempts to help clients reintegratethemselves into society and start new lives, and to help them get back on the right track.As at 31 December 2012, the Social Rehabilitation Department had followed up on 1,161 cases,of which 811 concerned adults and 350 concerned minors.Cases Handled by the Social Rehabilitation Department in 2012Adult casesJuvenile casesCategories ofcasesCasesreceivedCasesconcludedCases inprogressCategories ofcasesCasesreceivedCasesconcludedCases inprogressPre-sentencingreports135 152 169Pre-sentencingreports87 86 90Probation 77 84 170 Reconciliation 15 17 18Suspendedsentences151 135 359Impositionof rules onconduct29 24 47Communityservice orders2 7 9Communityservice orders3 6 7Requests fornot registeringconvictions incriminal records4 4 4Probationorders39 70 138Judicialreinstatements62 64 64Temporaryresidence22 24 41246

Public OrderCases Handled by the Social Rehabilitation Department in 2012(Cont.)Adult casesJuvenile casesCategories ofcasesCasesreceivedCasesconcludedCases inprogressCategories ofcasesCasesreceivedCasesconcludedCases inprogressOthers 23 23 26 Observation --- --- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - Others 8 9 9Total 454 469 811 Total 203 236 350Total cases in progress 1,161Reformatory for Juvenile DelinquentsOperating under the Legal Affairs Bureau, the Reformatory for Juvenile Delinquents takes in youngpeople who have violated the law and who have been referred by the courts.The reformatory is divided into separate areas for boys and girls, with counsellors workingaround-the-clock in each. There are also social workers, psychologists, occupational training tutorsand teachers, providing academic and vocational training, personal and family counselling, as wellas implementing social service schemes.InmatesThe reformatory generally only accepts young people aged 12 to 16, but may extend its services tothem until they reach 21. There were 17 boys and three girls in the reformatory at the end of 2012.247

Macao Yearbook 2013Police Dog TeamEstablished in October 1995, the Police Dog Teamis under the Police Tactical Unit of the PublicSecurity Police, and is responsible for patrolling,drug and explosive detection and rescue actions.Besides taking part in police actions to combatcrime, police dogs also engage in public events,playing a unique role in enhancing policecommunityrelations.248

Public Order249

Macao Yearbook 2013

EDUCATION

EducationEducationSince its establishment, the Macao SAR Government has actively promoted the development ofnon-tertiary education and tertiary education in Macao. It has continued to enhance the 15-yearfree education scheme, and explored the formulation of a series of policies including the blueprintof education development, and implementing the administration directions of “Improving Macaothrough education” and “Strengthening Macao with talents”. In addition, in adherence to the principleof diversity in tertiary education, the Government supports the autonomy of tertiary institutions,and coordinates the development of different tertiary institutions, to enhance the overall qualityand academic standard of Macao education.Non-tertiary EducationMacao is the first region in Greater China to provide 15 years of free education.Since the promulgation of the Fundamental Law of Non-tertiary Education in 2006, non-tertiaryeducation in Macao has been classified into two types: formal education and continuing education.The former mainly includes kindergartens, primary schooling, secondary schooling, and specialeducation; while the latter includes recurrent education, family education, community educationand occupational training. Vocational and technical education, which may be implemented as part offormal education or recurrent education, is only offered at senior secondary school level. The Macaoschool system comprises public and private schools, with a free education network comprising publicschools offering formal education, and most subsidised private schools providing free education.Private schools in Macao can be classified into two types: those following the local educationsystem and those following a non-local education system. Non-profit private schools that followthe local education system may apply for entry into the free education network. The Governmentencourages schools to develop their own characteristics and style in terms of mission, curriculumand teaching mode according to their backgrounds. The Government also supports the developmentof a diversified school system, to nurture more talent for society.According to Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (DSEJ) statistics, there were 78 licensedschools in Macao during the 2012/2013 academic year, 11 of which were public schools, while theremaining 67 were private. Of the schools, 66 offered formal education only, three offered recurrenteducation only, and nine offered both formal and recurrent education.During the 2012/2013 academic year, 71,815 students received non-tertiary education, amongwhich 69,403 received formal education. Of these, 12,669 (17.6 percent) attended kindergartens,22,231 (31 percent) attended primary schools, and 33,921 (47.2 percent) attended secondaryschools. Of those attending secondary schools, 1,605 (2.2 percent) received vocational and technicaleducation, and 582 (0.8 percent) were enrolled in institutions for children with special educationalneeds. Some 2,412 students were receiving recurrent education, including 188 primary schoolpupils (0.3 percent) and 2,224 secondary school students (3.1 percent). Of the secondary studentsreceiving recurrent education, 256 (0.4 percent) attended vocational schools.There were 5,590 teaching staff in non-tertiary education during the 2012/2013 academic year,an increase of 5.8 percent over the 2011/2012 academic year.253

Macao Yearbook 2013Education and Youth Affairs BureauThe DSEJ is a government department responsible for developing, directing, coordinating,administering and evaluating non-tertiary education. It is also responsible for issues concerningyoung people, and for supporting youth associations and similar organisations.Education Development FundThe Government established the Education Development Fund in 2007, to support and driveprogrammes and projects with good development prospects in non-tertiary education. The SchoolDevelopment Scheme is a major subvention scheme launched by the Education Development Fund.In 2012, the Education Development Fund provided subsidies amounting to 470 millionpatacas. The subsidies covered the School Development Plan for the 2012/13 academic yearwhich focused on enhancing students’ language proficiency, cultivating ethics and civic literacy,and promoting pleasurable and effective learning. Other subsidised projects include large-scalecampus reconstruction and expansion, update and replenishment of laptop computers for teachers,and various learning and teaching activities.Compulsory EducationCompulsory education is defined as universal education that is compulsory for all minors agedfrom five to 15. Parents have an obligation to enrol minors entitled to compulsory education inschool every year. The Government and education institutions are obliged to ensure that school-agechildren complete compulsory education.Free EducationSince the 2007/2008 academic year, free education has been extended to cover the entire 15-yearperiod of compulsory education: three years of kindergarten, six years of primary, three years ofjunior secondary and three years of senior secondary schooling.2012/2013 academic year Free Education Subsidies andTuition Fee SubsidiesEducation LevelFree Education Subsidies(patacas)Tuition Fee Subsidies(patacas)Kindergarten 605,000 per class 14,000 per studentPrimary 640,000 per class 16,000 per studentJunior Secondary 820,000 per class 17,000 per studentSenior Secondary 930,000 per class 17,000 per student254

EducationThe Government further increased its subsidies to students attending private schools that are notpart of the free education network. It raised the subsidies for kindergarten pupils to 14,000 patacasper head, and for primary school pupils to 16,000 patacas per head; whereas each secondary schoolstudent received an increased subsidy of 17,000 patacas. In addition, the Government continuedto offer textbook allowances in the 2012/2013 academic year to students who are Macao residentsreceiving formal education in Macao. The textbook allowances for secondary and primary schoolpupils were 1,900 patacas per head, while each kindergarten pupil received an allowance of 1,500patacas.To create favourable conditions for small-class teaching, the Government has reduced the numberof pupils for each class from 35-45 pupils to 25-35 students. This began in the 2007/2008 academicyear, initially covering the first year in preschool education, and was subsequently expanded tocover other academic years. The pupil limit for the 2012/2013 academic year was extended tothe first year in junior secondary education, speeding up implementation of small-class teaching.In the 2011/2012 academic year, the class-teacher ratio in kindergartens, primary and secondaryschools was enhanced to not less than 1.6, 2.0, and 2.3 teachers per class, respectively. In the sameyear, the teacher-student ratio in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools was enhanced tonot more than 16.7, 14.1 and 14.4 pupils per teacher, respectively.Vocational and Technical EducationTo facilitate further development of vocational and technical education, the Education DevelopmentFund continues to subsidise courses organised by private schools that cover vocational and technicalskills with the schools’ own characteristics and in accordance with the adequate diversificationof Macao’s economy. In the 2012/2013 academic year, the subsidies offered by the EducationDevelopment Fund totalled 16 million patacas.During the 2012/2013 academic year, nine schools in Macao organised a total of 97 classesunder 41 programmes.Education for Pupils with Special NeedsDuring the 2012/2013 academic year, there were a total of 1,156 pupils in Macao with specialneeds; 566 of them studied in inclusive classes, and 590 were in small special education classesand special needs classes.Life-long LearningIn July 2011, the Government launched the Continuing Education Development Plan, under whichMacao residents aged 15 or above are eligible to receive a subsidy of 5,000 patacas for pursuingcontinuing education. By December 2012, the Continuing Education Development Plan hadprovided over 270 million patacas in subsidies to more than 89,000 residents pursuing continuingeducation. Applications for a total of 38,704 tertiary education programmes, continuing educationprogrammes and certification examinations provided by 287 local organisations had been approvedand recognised under the plan, providing over 780,000 places. There were also about 6,500255

Macao Yearbook 2013applications for subsidies for participation in overseas tertiary education or continuing educationprogrammes and certification examinations.Recurrent education has provided education opportunities to residents who did not completeformal education at the normal age. During the 2012/2013 academic year, three public schools andeight private schools offered recurrent education. Each Macao resident enrolled in private schoolsfor recurrent studies received a subsidy of 14,600 patacas for primary courses, 18,600 patacas forjunior secondary courses and 21,100 patacas for senior secondary courses.In 2012, the Life-long Learning Incentive Award Scheme had provided 3,500 learning activitiesof various types and 99,000 learning opportunities.Open Campus CampaignThe Education Development Fund continues to support and encourage schools to open their facilitiesfor public use through the Open Campus Campaign, so that students and citizens can share morelearning resources. In the 2012/2013 academic year, there were 17 participating schools.Professional Development of Teaching StaffThe Framework for the Teaching Staff System of Private Schools Providing Non-tertiary Educationcame into effect on 1 September 2012 and was implemented in phases – including drawing up thecode of practice for teaching staff, issuing guidelines for teaching staff performance appraisals,monitoring schools’ adherence to the requirements for maintaining teaching staff remuneration andprovident fund expenses at a minimum of 70 percent of the school’s fixed and long-term income, aswell as providing conditions necessary to prepare for implementing a basic salary scale in schools.To relieve teachers of the burden of non-teaching work, in the 2012/2013 academic year theEducation Development Fund continued to support schools to recruit additional staff to promotereading culture, school medical staff, information technology education officers, personnel to helpin extra-curricular activities and laboratory clerks. The subsidy for each full-time staffer was set at260,000 patacas for one academic year; while that for each part-time staffer was 140,000 patacasfor one academic year.Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), drawn up by the Organization forEconomic Co-operation and Development (OECD), assesses the performance of 15-year-old schoolpupils of participating countries or regions in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy onceevery three years. Since 2003, Macao has participated in PISA assessments. Among the participatingcountries/economies, Macao has provided students with the most equitable education system.Arts EducationIn 2012, the DSEJ continued to organise various arts education schemes and activities including256

Educationthe Secondary Students Popular Arts Education Scheme, the Arts Education Snowball Project andthe Macao School Bands Show.Student Welfare FundThe Student Welfare Fund provides various subsidies to ensure that all Macao students, especiallythose whose families experience financial difficulties, can enjoy equal opportunities, and createa safe and healthy learning environment for students. At present, student welfare mainly coverstuition fee subsidies, meal allowances, allowances for textbooks and stationery, free insurance andthe milk or soy milk programme.To encourage students to continue pursuing tertiary education and nurture professionals forthe development of Macao, the DSEJ supports students whose families are experiencing financialdifficulties and encourages outstanding students through the Tertiary Scholarship Scheme. Specialscholarships are also available to provide subsidies to students who are admitted to world-famousinstitutions or specific departments of relevant institutions. The DSEJ also joined hands with banksto launch its Interest Subsidies for Student Loans Scheme, which benefited some 1,100 studentsin the 2011/2012 academic year by subsidising 70 percent of payable loan interest during theirstudies. The remaining 30 percent of the subsidy will be issued to the students upon completionof their tertiary education courses.Non-tertiary Education CouncilThe Non-tertiary Education Council is a consultative body with representatives from many sectorsof the community. Through participation, coordination, cooperation and reviews, the members worktogether to promote the development of education.Teaching Staff Professional CommitteeTo enhance the professionalism of teaching staff and establish their professional status, the TeachingStaff Professional Committee was set up in line with the stipulations of the System Framework forPrivate School Teaching Staff of Non-tertiary Education. The committee comprises 13 members,who are school leaders, representatives from the education sector, persons with recognisedachievements in education, experts in education, teachers and DSEJ representatives. The committeeis responsible for drawing up a professional code of practice for teaching staff, prescribing thenumber of professional training hours, and setting the criteria for and judging the OutstandingTeacher Award. It also gives advice to the DSEJ on terms of office of teaching staff serving abroad,advanced promotion of teachers, as well as objections, appeals, reported cases or complaints fromteaching staff, students or parents.Youth AffairsYouth Affairs CouncilThe Youth Affairs Council is a consultative body that is responsible for providing professional257

Macao Yearbook 2013advice and recommendations on formulating relevant policies, and evaluating the results of theirimplementation. The DSEJ supports the council by providing technical, administrative and financialexpertise.The Holistic Development Strategies for Young People in Macao, the Blueprint for Youth Servicesin the Gaming Sector, and the Blueprint of Services for Juvenile Delinquents were formulated inMay 2007, 2008 and 2010, respectively. They provided directions and references for the practicalwork of related Government departments and civil organisations.In 2010, research on overall planning was started, and the Youth Policy was gradually formulatedto allow simultaneous development of youth affairs and society. The Youth Policy set out thedirections, as well as strategy and executive principles for future youth development.Based on the opinions collected regarding the Youth Policy in 2011 and the social situation, andwith reference to the youth policies of international organisations, mainland China, foreign countriesand other regions, a timetable for formulating the Youth Policy was drawn up. Different sections ofthe Youth Policy were drafted in phases, and a two-month public consultation was launched from21 August to 21 October 2012, to collect opinions and suggestions from the public, and join forceswith the community to formulate the policy document on the holistic development of young people.Youth Indicators and StudiesTo promote the development of youth studies, and thoroughly understand the conditions andchanges of young people aged 13 to 29 in Macao, in 2011 the DSEJ continued to follow up on theresearch and collection of Macao Youth Indicators, and to study the development of Macao youththrough data collection and social surveys. It also released related information on the website onMacao Youth Indicators. In 2011, the DSEJ released the report on the Social Survey of MacaoYouth Indicators 2010; and in 2012, it launched the Social Survey of Macao Youth Indicators 2012.Youth Activities and SponsorshipsApart from subsidising registered youth organisations or associations to hold activities during theyear, the DSEJ continued to run the Caring for Growth of Youngsters subsidy scheme in 2012.Through this, 47 groups were subsidised to hold a total of 74 programmes that encouraged youngpeople to take part in social affairs, promote life education and career planning, and cultivatepositive values. It also continued to support these groups to organise projects on ethics education.Altogether, the groups received subsidies of about four million patacas. In addition, in 2012 theDESJ continued to organise the “I’ve Got Talent” subsidy scheme, to support youngsters or groupsof youngsters, who are between the ages of 18 and 29 and do not belong to any corporations ororganisations, to organise activities.School Sports, Cultural, Recreational and Popular Science ActivitiesThe DSEJ arranges various sports, cultural, recreational and popular science activities andcompetitions every year. It also sends school delegations to national and international competitions.258

EducationIn 2012, the DSEJ organised the Schools Interport Swimming Competition. Macao men’s andwomen’s teams both won 1st runner-up. Macao school sports teams also competed in eight externalinter-school sports competitions, with outstanding performances in the Schools Interport (Macao andHong Kong) Football Competition (Primary) and the Portugal Youth Olympics Athletics Games.Regarding activities to promote popular science, Macao school delegations joined oneinternational and seven national competitions and won 102 prizes, including two champions in theprimary and secondary sections of the World Robotic Olympiad 2012.Youth Facilities and ServicesUnder DSEJ’s administration, there are Cheok Van Youth Hostel, Hac Sa Youth Hostel and fourother youth centres. The Areia Preta Youth Centre, Experiential Centre for Young People, OuterHarbour Youth Centre and Bairro do Hipodromo Youth Centre continued providing youth counsellingservices and training for volunteer workers. They also organised a wide variety of activities thathelp young people to grow and develop, including leisure education, art education, recreationaland sports development, and group development.In 2012, schools were subsidised to set up wellness centres to promote fun and diversifiedworkouts in limited space for students and teenagers. Moreover, in 2012, the Bairro do HipodromoYouth Centre and Experiential Centre for Young People continued to provide night services till2am and 12am, respectively, to cater to the different needs of young people using the facilities.Tertiary EducationBuilding on the foundation of basic education, tertiary education fosters high quality talents indifferent areas for society. Its mission is also to pass on culture and knowledge, promote academicexchanges, develop scientific research, and serve society.Macao only started to develop modern tertiary education some 30 years ago. Since there wereonly a few tertiary education institutions in the early days, the range of programmes and disciplinesoffered by these institutions were relatively limited. However, as the number of institutions increased,and society demanded different types of expertise, the types of programmes have diversified.Macao has 10 tertiary educational institutions. Four of them are public and six are private. Duringthe 2011/2012 academic year, there were 1,840 teaching staff and 26,213 registered students inthese institutions, with 266 programmes in operation including doctorate, master’s and bachelor’sdegree programmes, higher diplomas, postgraduate certificates and higher diploma programmes.During the 2012/2013 academic year, there were 1,916 teaching staff and 27,776 registeredstudents in these institutions, with 272 programmes in operation.In addition, in 2012 overseas institutions were granted approval to offer 28 tertiary educationalprogrammes.In 2012, the Government followed up on the legislative work of the law on tertiary education andbegan drafting the other complementary regulations, to promote the development of tertiary education.259

Macao Yearbook 2013The Tertiary Education Services OfficeThe Tertiary Education Services Office is a government department that coordinates, monitors anddevelops tertiary education in Macao.Processing Applications to Launch and Revise ProgrammesIn 2012, the Tertiary Education Services Office processed 56 applications by Macao tertiaryeducational institutions intending to launch new programmes or revise old ones. It approved 22of these applications: four were withdrawn by the institution concerned, and 30 applications werepending at the year-end. The office also handled 69 applications from overseas tertiary educationalinstitutions seeking to establish, revise or continue running programmes. A total of 28 suchapplications were approved, 15 were withdrawn by the institutions concerned, and 26 were stillpending by the year-end.Coordination of Student Enrolments in Programmes of Macao TertiaryEducational Institutions Conducted on the MainlandDuring 2012, with approval from the Ministry of Education, the University of Macau, MacaoPolytechnic Institute, the Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau University of Science and Technology,City University of Macau and Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau continued to recruit studentsfrom 31 provinces and municipalities in mainland China.During the 2012/2013 academic year, 15,885 mainland China students applied to the abovementionedsix tertiary educational institutions in Macao. Of the 3,190 registered students, 206enrolled in doctorate degree courses, 1,049 in master’s degree courses, 1,695 in bachelor’s degreecourses and 240 in post-secondary courses and university foundation courses.Coordinating the Admission of Macao Students to Mainland TertiaryInstitutionsThe Tertiary Education Services Office is one of the bodies that process admissions of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan undergraduates and postgraduates to mainland China tertiary educationalinstitutions. In 2012, 783 students sat the Joint Examination for Admission to Mainland Universitiesduring the 2012/2013 academic year. In addition, 370 students sat examinations for admission tothe 2012/2013 academic year postgraduate programmes in general tertiary educational institutionsin mainland China.Subsidies for Tertiary Student ActivitiesThe Tertiary Education Services Office also encourages student organisations to organise activitieswhich meet the students’ interests through the Tertiary Student Organisation Fund. In 2012, theTertiary Student Organisation Activity Fund and Individual Activity Fund subsidised 29 tertiarystudent organisations and non-profit organisations to hold 258 tertiary student activities. Some260

Educationtertiary students were also subsidised to participate in seminars and internships abroad. In 2012,the total amount of subsidy approved was some 2.3 million patacas.Postgraduate ScholarshipsThe Government opens postgraduate scholarships to local students. The Postgraduate ScholarshipsGrants Committee is responsible for providing scholarships to Macao residents, while the TertiaryEducation Services Office handles the application and disbursement procedures.In 2012, the committee adjusted the numbers and amounts of scholarships: there were 15 doctoratescholarships and one scholarship for an integrated master and Ph.D. programme. The number ofmaster’s degree scholarships was increased to 80. The amounts of these scholarships were increasedto 72,000 patacas, 61,800 patacas and 51,000 per year, respectively. In the 2012/2013 academicyear, a total of 448 candidates applied to the scheme.Textbooks and Stationery Allowances for Tertiary StudentsIn 2012, the Government provided an allowance for textbook and stationery of 2,000 patacas to eachlocal tertiary and postgraduate student studying in Macao and overseas. Out of 35,008 applicants,33,082 satisfied the requirements and were granted with the allowance.Tertiary Educational InstitutionsUniversity of MacauThe University of Macau is an international public integrated university. Formerly a privateinstitution named the University of East Asia, which was established in 1981, the universitywas purchased by the local government in 1988 to form the basis of a public institution. It wasrenamed the University of Macau in 1991. Today, the university’s faculties are as follows: BusinessAdministration; Education; Social Sciences and Humanities; Law; Science and Technology; Instituteof Chinese Medical Sciences; and Honours College. The major medium of instruction was English,while some programmes were taught in Chinese, Portuguese or Japanese.During the 2011/2012 academic year, the University of Macau offered 106 doctorate programmes,master’s degree programmes, bachelor’s degree programmes, and postgraduate diplomaprogrammes. It had 586 teaching staff and 7,754 registered students.During the 2012/2013 academic year, the University of Macau offered 102 doctorate programmes,master’s degree programmes, bachelor’s degree programmes, and postgraduate diplomaprogrammes. It had 598 teaching staff and 8,481 registered tertiary students.Macao Polytechnic InstituteFounded in September 1991, the Macao Polytechnic Institute (MPI) is a public and multidisciplinarytertiary educational institution offering practically-oriented programmes. It has numerous teaching,training and scientific research departments, including schools of Languages and Translation;261

Macao Yearbook 2013Business; Public Administration; Physical Education and Sports; Arts; Health Sciences; and severalresearch units.During the 2011/2012 academic year, the institute offered 43 bachelor’s degree programmes(including top-up programmes) and postgraduate diploma programmes. It had 327 teaching staffand 2,746 registered students.During the 2012/2013 academic year, the institute offered 40 bachelor’s degree programmes(including top-up programmes) and postgraduate diploma programmes. It had 351 teaching staffand 2,961 registered students.Institute for Tourism StudiesOfficially established in August 1995, the Institute for Tourism Studies (IFT) is a public tertiaryeducation institution. Under the institute, the Tourism College and the Professional and ContinuingEducation School offer a wide range of tourism-related bachelor’s degree programmes andprofessional training.During the 2011/2012 academic year, the institute offered 15 bachelor’s degree programmes(including top-up programmes) and higher diploma courses. In addition, it provided otherprofessional diploma, certificate courses and training programmes. It had 97 teaching staff and1,463 registered students for its tertiary educational curricula.During the 2012/2013 academic year, the institute offered 20 bachelor’s degree programmes(including top-up programmes) and higher diploma courses. It had 109 teaching staff and 1,573registered students for its tertiary educational curricula.Academy of Macao Public Security ForcesEstablished in July l988, the Academy of Macao Public Security Forces is a public tertiary educationinstitution under the jurisdiction of the Secretary for Security. It is responsible for training policeofficers and fire service officers.In the 2011/2012 academic year, the academy offered six bachelor’s degree programmes and aseries of vocational training courses. The school had 43 teaching staff, plus 86 registered studentsfor its tertiary educational curricula.In the 2012/2013 academic year, the academy offered five bachelor’s degree programmes and aseries of vocational training courses. The school had 42 teaching staff, plus 73 registered studentsfor its tertiary educational curricula.The City University of MacauThe City University of Macau was formerly known the Asia International Open University, whichwas established in September 1992. Its name was changed to the City University of Macau on 1February 2011 after a transfer of ownership in September 2010. It is a private university providingtertiary education. The university comprises six schools: Faculty of Business Administration, Faculty262

Educationof Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of International Tourism and Management, Facultyof Portuguese Programs, International Open Institute and School of Continuing Studies. It hasalso established the Research Centre for Macau Social and Economic Development, the Instituteof Economic Research, the Macau Institute of Tourism and Gaming, the Centre for Research onLinguistic Studies, and the Institute of Macau Development.During the 2011/2012 academic year, the university offered 18 doctoral, master’s and bachelor’sdegree programmes, as well as postgraduate certificate programmes. It had 77 teaching staff, and957 registered students.During the 2012/2013 academic year, the university offered 23 doctoral, master’s and bachelor’sdegree programmes, as well as postgraduate certificate programmes. It had 109 teaching staff, and1,778 registered students.University of Saint JosephThe predecessor of the University of Saint Joseph, the Macau Inter-University Institute (IIUM),was established in 1996 and renamed University of Saint Joseph in December 2009. It is a privateuniversity established with Faculty of Business, Government and Social Work; Faculty of CreativeIndustries; and Faculty of Psychology and Education.In the 2011/2012 academic year, the institute offered 39 doctoral, master’s and bachelor’s degreeprogrammes. It had 176 teaching staff and 1,803 registered students.In the 2012/2013 academic year, the institute offered 34 doctoral, master’s and bachelor’s degreeprogrammes. It had 145 teaching staff and 1,684 registered students.Kiang Wu Nursing College of MacauThe Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau was formerly the Kiang Wu Nursing and MidwiferySchool, and it was established in 1923. It became a private tertiary college in November 1999. Thecollege provides specialist training in nursing.During the 2011/2012 academic year, the college offered two bachelor’s degree and specialisedadvanced programmes in total. It had 37 teaching staff and 261 registered students.During the 2012/2013 academic year, the college offered three bachelor’s degree (includingsupplementary programmes) and specialised advanced programmes in total. It had 32 teachingstaff and 305 registered students.Macau University of Science and TechnologyThe Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST) is a private university established inMarch 2000. It was the first non-profit integrated university for training of gifted students in appliedtechnology established since the founding of the MSAR. The university consists of the Faculty ofInformation Technology, Faculty of Management and Administration, Faculty of Law, Faculty ofChinese Medicine, Faculty of International Tourism, Faculty of Humanities and Arts, and Faculty of263

Macao Yearbook 2013Health Sciences. It also includes the School of Graduate Studies, Department of General Education,School of Continuing Studies, the Institute for Sustainable Development, Macao Institute forApplied Research in Medicine and Health, Institute for Social and Cultural Research, the SpaceScience Institute, and the State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine. TheUniversity Hospital, a subsidiary of the Macau University of Science and Technology Foundation,provides facilities for clinical teaching, scientific research and clinical practice by the Faculty ofChinese Medicine.During the 2011/2012 academic year, the university offered 32 doctorate, master’s and bachelor’sdegree programmes. It had 410 teaching staff and 10,393 registered students.During the 2012/2013 academic year, the university offered 39 doctorate, master’s and bachelor’sdegree programmes. It had 466 teaching staff and 10,365 registered students.Macau Institute of ManagementThe Macau Institute of Management is a private tertiary education institution founded in July 2000;its chief responsibility is to train management professionals.The institute offered three bachelor’s degree and higher diploma programmes during the2011/2012 academic year. It had 36 teaching staff and 396 registered students.The institute offered four bachelor’s degree (including supplementary programmes) and higherdiploma programmes during the 2012/2013 academic year. It had 38 teaching staff and 362registered students.Macau Millennium CollegeThe Macau Millennium College is a private tertiary education institution established in August2001. During the 2011/2012 academic year, the college offered to its 358 registered studentstwo bachelor’s degree and associate degree programmes taught by 51 teaching staff. During the2012/2013 academic year, it offered two bachelor’s degree and associate degree programmes taughtby 26 teaching staff for 194 registered students.Note: 1. The above statistics for teaching and administrative staff, students and curricula of Macao tertiaryeducational institutions were provided by the Tertiary Education Services Office. Statistics for the2011/2012 academic year were collected in November 2011, while the statistics for the 2012/2013academic year were based on data collected by 31 October 2012.2. Since the 2011/2012 academic year, the registered students of tertiary education have notincluded overseas students registered in co-curricular programmes organised by Macao tertiaryinstitutions and mainland China institutions.264

EducationNew Hengqin Campusof the University ofMacauThe main construction work of the newcampus of the University of Macau inHengqin commenced in November 2010. Itwas mainly completed by the end of 2012,and the campus was ready for inspection,acceptance and moving in by early 2013.The new campus houses eight faculties:Business Administration, Education, Law,Science and Technology, Social Sciences,Humanities, Health Sciences and Design.Upon inauguration, it will be under thejurisdiction of the laws of the Macao SAR.265

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CULTURE AND SPORTS

Culture and SportCulture and SportEastern and western cultures have co-existed in Macao for over 400 years. A wide variety ofcultural traditions, languages, values, religious beliefs, and customs have all existed side byside and influenced one another. Out of this melting pot, a regional culture unique to Macao hasgradually developed into its present richness. Macao’s culture is thus a diverse mixture, withtraditional Chinese culture as its heart, and it has assimilated Western, particularly Portuguese,cultural influences in perfect harmony.Following its policy of promoting Chinese culture while preserving the unique pluralisticcultural heritage of Macao, the Government has hosted various cultural and artistic activitiesinvited art troupes from the mainland and overseas, as well as Macao, to perform. These havecreated opportunities for audiences to learn more about the history, society, and culture of differentregions, as well as enhancing cultural exchange and the quality of cultural life of Macao’s residents.Cultural Affairs BureauThe Cultural Affairs Bureau is a Government department that sets out the Government’s keyobjectives in cultural matters.The bureau is responsible for protecting cultural heritage, giving guidance on aestheticappreciation, supporting community organisations, nurturing talent in arts and culture, developinglocal cultural industries, as well as organising cultural entertainment programmes, such as concerts,exhibitions, seminars, music classes, dance and drama courses, the Macao Youth Music Competition,Macao International Music Festival, Macao Arts Festival and the Macao Annual Visual ArtsExhibition. It also provides subsidies and research bursaries to support the publication of researchand advanced studies about the arts.Cultural and Creative IndustriesIn 2010, the bureau established the Department for the Promotion of Cultural and Creative Industries,to proactively promote cultural and creative industries and so boost their development – includingthrough promoting and exhibiting cultural and creative products; conducting studies of the culturaland creative industries; formulating a policy framework and measures for the development of thecultural and creative industries; and collecting information on local cultural and creative industries.At present, information in the database is used in business matching, and selecting cultural andcreative institutions and companies to participate in local and overseas activities and fairs, to fosterMacao’s culture and creativity.The 23rd Macao Arts FestivalThe 23rd Macao Arts Festival was held from 1 May to 2 June and featured 33 programmes with over130 performances and two visual arts exhibitions. More than 17,500 tickets were sold, representinga take-up of 92.5 percent.271

Macao Yearbook 2013Festival participants included top performing troupes and artists from the United Kingdom,Argentina, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, the United States, mainland China, Hong Kong andMacao, among which more than half were local. Among all the wonderful shows, a new historicalPeking Opera Su Wu of the Han Dynasty was staged by the China National Peking Opera Companyat the opening ceremony, and broadcast live nationwide through the Chinese opera channel ofChina Central Television (CCTV). The many overseas troupes employed traditional and advancedtechniques in their performances, including the experimental theatre When We Meet Again,Landscapes and the Planet of the Beetlebuns by the British troupes, and the unprecedented interactiverecording device Congregation at Tap Seac Square.A variety of performances ranging from Cantonese opera, dance, drama, and music toenvironmental theatre were staged by local troupes including Macao Kaifong Cantonese OperaChildren’s Troupe, Hiu Kok Drama Association, Theatre Farmers, Macao Youth Repertory Theatre,Dóci Papiaçam Di Macau, Theatre Horizon, Macao Little Mountain Arts Association, Black SandTheatre, Macao Youth Dance Group of Macao Conservatory, Macanese musician Lei Vai Fan andSoda-City Experimental Workshop Arts Association, many of which made imaginative use ofMacao’s historical buildings in their shows.The 26th Macao International Music FestivalThe 26th Macao International Music Festival was held from 5 October to 7 November, with a totalof 23 programmes including operas, musicals, orchestra performances, contemporary music, popmusic, choir performances with jazz music and chamber music. A total of 12,967 tickets were sold,representing a take-up of 91 percent. A few concerts were also broadcast live and recorded by ChinaNational Radio, the festival media partner, effectively promoting the festival brand.The grand opening of the festival was graced by Broadway musical Peter Pan. Other programmesincluded Italian opera Tosca and comic opera La Serva Padrona. Famous musical groups andmusicians performing in the festival included the San Francisco Symphony, world renowned violinistVadim Repin, the Kodály Quartet from Hungary, the English Concert, the Legendary Count BasieOrchestra from the USA, Kaunas State Choir from Lithuania, Tai Chi Band from Hong Kong, HayaBand from Inner Mongolia and female Portuguese singers Teresa Salgueiro and Aurea.Parade through Macao, Latin CitySince 2011, the Cultural Affairs Bureau has organised the Parade through Macao, Latin City tocelebrate the Handover. The theme and slogan of the 2012 event were “Peace, Love and CulturalIntegration” and “An annual celebration for the entire city – VIVA!”. Performing troupes fromLatin-speaking countries and regions and 40 local troupes, with a total of about 2,000 people, joinedthe parade, attracting an audience of more than a hundred thousand, who watched in person or viathe live television broadcast.The Fresh Fish Traders Association of Macao and Macau “Casa de Portugal”, performedexquisitely in the parade and were invited to participate in the annual Nice Carnival Parade heldin France in February 2013.272

Culture and SportMacao OrchestraDuring the year the Macao Orchestra presented 75 concerts, attended by 39,171 people.Macao Chinese OrchestraThe Macao Chinese Orchestra is a professional Chinese Orchestra under the Cultural Affairs Bureau.There are currently 42 musicians in the orchestra.In 2012, the orchestra gave 50 concerts and performances, attracting a total audience of 17,700people.Macao Youth Music CompetitionThe annual Macao Youth Music Competition, organised by the Cultural Affairs Bureau, aims topromote the development of culture and art in Macao, and to provide valuable opportunities forperformance, learning and the exchange of experience. Through musical competitions, many prizewinners have already entered into the music profession, while the number of music students wishingto continue professionally is increasing steadily.The 30th Macao Youth Music Competition took place from 22 June to 17 July, during whichcompetitions were held in 24 categories including Chinese and Western Instrumental Solo, Trio,Quartet, Quintet, Chamber Music, Vocal Solo, Ensemble Singing and Chorus, and attracting 1,272competitors and 2,586 spectators.Visual Arts ExhibitionThe Visual Arts Exhibition organised by the Cultural Affairs Bureau aims to showcase outstandingart from around the world, stimulate creativity among Macao artists, appreciate various types ofvisual artworks with the public, and promote arts exchange.Cultural Information PlatformThe website of the Cultural Affairs Bureau (www.icm.gov.mo) and mobile site (m.icm.gov.mo)provide cultural services information regarding cultural activities, performances, exhibitions,heritage protection, promotion of arts education, and academic research. There are affiliated websitesfor cultural facilities including the Macao Central Library, Macao Historical Archives, MacaoConservatory, Museum of Macau, and the Tap Seac Gallery. Also provided is detailed informationon cultural events such as the Macao Arts Festival, the Macao International Music Festival, andParade through Macao, Latin City. In 2012, the website received 2,863,727 visits. Furthermore,Macao Heritage Net (www.macauheritage.net) and Macao Art Net (www.macauart.net) are twoof Macao’s most important cultural information platforms.To promote information exchange in the local cultural and creative industries, and increasecommunity understanding of the cultural and creative industry and its development, the Cultural273

Macao Yearbook 2013Affairs Bureau launched a website on the Macao Cultural and Creative Industry (www.macaucci.com) in August 2011. In 2012, the website received 152,912 visits.Macao ConservatoryA subsidiary of the Government’s Cultural Affairs Bureau, the Macao Conservatory is a publiceducational institution that provides lower secondary education, vocational education of highersecondary level in dance, music and drama. The Conservatory comprises a School of Dance, Schoolof Music, and School of Drama. It is a local education institute that trains competent professionalsin the performing arts, and strives to discover and nurture local performing arts talents. Additionally,the conservatory offers the public a range of training courses in various performing arts disciplines.It regularly organises various dance performances, concerts and drama performances, giving itsstudents the opportunity to display their skills and gain stage experience. It currently has over 2,000students and more than 120 teachers.Protection of Architecture, Scenic Spots and Cultural HeritageTo safeguard Macao’s heritage and enable it to shine in all its unique glory, Decree-Laws Nos.56/84/M and 83/92/M, were passed and gazetted in 1984 and 1992, respectively. These specifythat all buildings of historical significance or artistic value must be renovated in accordance withofficially approved plans. Macao currently has 128 such heritage sites, which are classified intofive categories: Monuments, Buildings of Architectural Interest, Classified Complexes, ClassifiedSites and Protected Areas. They are distributed across the Macao peninsula, Taipa and Coloane.Various conservation measures have been formulated for each category. The Government sets greatstore by the significance of Macao’s architectural heritage. It has established clear policies on theprotection, renovation, restoration, and compilation of a list of heritage sites in Macao, all of whichare characterised by unique multicultural diversity and harmony.Protecting cultural heritage has always been one a priority of the Government. In 2005, theHistoric Centre of Macao was inscribed on the World Heritage List, further advancing heritageprotection work in Macao. In 2006, through Executive Order No. 202/2006, the area of heritageprotection was further expanded.Intangible Cultural HeritageIn recent years, the conservation of intangible cultural heritage has been a matter of concern. TheConvention on Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage passed by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization came into effect in Macao in September 2006. During thesame year, Cantonese Opera and Chinese herbal tea were jointly nominated by Guangdong, HongKong and Macao, which later became the first batch of intangible cultural heritage inscribed onthe National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2007. In June 2008, “Wood carving – Macao’sreligious figure carving” was among the second batch added to the National List of IntangibleCultural Heritage, which signified the first successful independent application made by Macao forinscription on the national list.274

Culture and SportIn September 2009, Cantonese Opera was officially inscribed onto the UNESCO RepresentativeList of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as a result of a joint application by Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao.In May 2011, “Cantonese Naamyam (Singing and Narrative Songs)”, “Macao Taoist RitualMusic” and “Festival of the Drunken Dragon”, applied for by Macao independently, were amongthe third batch inscribed on the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In June 2012, Mazu(A Ma) Belief and Customs, Na Tcha Belief and Customs, Macanese Gastronomy, and MacaneseTheatre (Theatre in Patuá) were also added to the List of Macao Intangible Cultural Heritage.By the end of 2012, a total of 10 items from Macao had been included in the List of MacaoIntangible Cultural Heritage, six in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and one inthe UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.Research BursariesAcademic Research Grant Regulations aim to encourage forward-looking and innovative researchprojects conducive to the understanding of Macao, and of the relationship between Macao andother regions in the humanities field. The bursary for each project has been increased, varying from110,000 patacas to 180,000 patacas. Applications may be submitted at any time throughout the year.From 2006 to the end of 2012, a total of 46 people received the bursaries.Macao Central LibraryFounded in 1895, the Macao Central Library is under the Cultural Affairs Bureau. It comprisesthe Macao Central Library (main branch), Sir Robert Ho Tung Library, Library of the Civic andMunicipal Affairs Bureau Building, Ilha Verde Library, Mong Ha Library, Red Market Library,Coloane Library and mobile libraries. Currently the largest public library network in Macao, ithouses a collection of 800,000 books and 35,000 multimedia items.Major services provided by the Macao Central Library include: processing applications for readercards, lending book materials, providing current and back issues of newspapers and periodicals,advising readers on Macao information, providing access to broadband Internet, making microfilms,maintaining an online e-resources database, and photocopying of materials. Publishers can applyfor an ISBN, ISSN or International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) through the ISBN Centrein the library.To highlight the many facets of Macao’s libraries and promote the use of their resources foreducational purposes, every year the central library hosts a range of activities that encourage readingand on how to use library services. It also receives group visits.Libraries Managed by the Civic and Municipal Affairs BureauThe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau manages a number of libraries, including Wong IengKuan Libraries located in Dr Sun Yat Sen Municipal Park, Luis de Camoes Garden, Areia Preta275

Macao Yearbook 2013Urban Park and in Taipa, Ho Yin Garden Library, S. Lourenco Library and Children’s Library inAreia Preta Urban Park.These libraries purchase books and periodicals according to the needs of the people living in theirdistricts. They also regularly host storytelling, thematic lectures, film sessions, and reading camps.In 2012, the libraries managed by the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau organised 745 readingpromotion activities, attracting 19,072 participants. During the year, the seven community librariesunder the bureau received 757,461 visitors.Macao has many other smaller libraries, including the well known octagonal Chinese Library.In addition, various Government departments and tertiary educational institutions have their ownlibraries. Each contributes to the ever-expanding supply of books and knowledge available to thepeople of Macao.Macao Historical ArchivesThe Macao Historical Archives is the master archive in Macao. The Archive is mainly responsible forcollecting, organising, safekeeping, protecting and providing Macao documents of historical value.Tap Seac GalleryThe Tap Seac Gallery is the base of visual arts exhibition and arts education in Macao. Built inthe 1920s and divided into two blocks, this two-storey building was originally a typical residenceof one of Macao’s elite families. The two blocks join into one after reconstruction. The groundfloor has been converted into a 400-square-metre exhibition venue. The front part forms the mainexhibition area, while the rear is ideal for holding exhibitions, seminars and lectures.The gallery and its peripheral buildings were all constructed during the same period. Together,they form a unique cluster of historic monuments in the Tap Seac area, one of Macao’s designatedheritage sites. The Cultural Affairs Bureau uses the gallery as a venue for visual arts exhibitionsand other cultural activities. During the year, the gallery received 33,110 visitors.Handover Gifts Museum of MacauThe Handover Gifts Museum of Macau is situated next to the Macao Museum of Art, which isan integral part of the Macao Cultural Centre on Xian Xing Hai Avenue in the Outer HarbourReclamation Area (NAPE). This was the site of the temporary venue where the Macao HandoverCeremony was conducted by the Chinese and Portuguese governments on 20 December 1999. Thestructure was dismantled afterwards, and its location became the construction site of the HandoverGifts Museum of Macau, in commemoration of the momentous occasion of Macao’s return to themotherland.The Handover gifts exhibition gallery mainly showcases gifts presented by the State Council,as well as those by provinces, municipalities directly under the central government, autonomousregions and the Hong Kong SAR. The thematic exhibition gallery is the venue for displays aboutMacao’s social and cultural history, which showcases a myriad of Macao’s cultural features.276

Culture and SportMuseumsCenturies of East-West cultural interaction have endowed Macao with many unique museums. Theyrange from the Museum of Macau, Museum of Sacred Art and Maritime Museum, to the GrandPrix Museum, Wine Museum and Fire Service Museum.Museum of MacauThe Museum of Macau is situated on the heritage site of Mount Fortress, which is a part of theHistoric Centre of Macao, while to its immediate west is the Ruins of St Paul’s.The Museum of Macau houses a rich display of Macao’s history and diverse culture. With acollection of deep historical and cultural value, the museum highlights the changes to Macao overseveral hundred years, and tells the story of people from different countries and cultural backgroundssettling in Macao and living in harmony. The Museum of Macau was opened on 18 April 1998.In 2012, the Museum of Macau received 206,179 visitors, and provided over 1,761 guided toursto 19,118 people. It also held 45 activities, which attracted 2,312 participants.Monte Fort CorridorLocated at the foot of Mount Fortress’s east, Monte Fort Corridor is a passageway linking the S.Lazaro Area pedestrian zone to Mount Fortress. Thus, it facilitates the robust development of thecity’s entire historical centre. A public space not to be ignored, the corridor has often been chosenas the venue for various arts exhibitions.Maritime MuseumOne of the oldest museums in Macao, the Maritime Museum was founded in 1987. The museumreflects the vital role of the sea in Macao’s history, as well as vividly portraying the remarkableachievements of China and Portugal in maritime history. Visitors to the Maritime Museum can gaina deeper appreciation of the relationship between cultural exchange and the sea.Wine MuseumThe Wine Museum was opened in 1995. It introduces the history of wine production from itsorigin in the Caucasus around 10,000 BC up to the present day, with a special focus on Portuguesewinemaking.Grand Prix MuseumThe Grand Prix Museum was inaugurated on 18 November 1993. Various Government departmentsand private institutions have donated exhibits, such as racing cars driven on the Guia Circuit over277

Macao Yearbook 2013the years, including by the late celebrated Ayrton Senna and motor racing champion MichaelSchumacher. Valuable pictures and trophies are also exhibited.Macao Museum of ArtThe Macao Museum of Art is the only museum in Macao dedicated to art and cultural heritage. Itis also the largest visual arts museum in Macao.In 2012, the Macao Museum of Art held more than 30 exhibitions and conducted more than100 activities.Library of the Macao Museum of Art and the Art SquareThe Library of the Macao Museum of Art is a reference library specialising in arts materials. It hasa collection of over 20,000 books, primarily about visual arts.Pawnshop MuseumIn partnership with a non-governmental organisation, the Government has established the firstmuseum dedicated to the pawnshop industry. The opening of the Pawnshop Museum in March2003 marked the success of a new mode of heritage protection.Built in 1917 as the Tak Seng On Pawnshop, the museum building consists of a pawnshopand a storage tower. The three-storey pawnshop and its relics offer visitors a clear picture of thepawnshop’s layout and operation in its heyday.In September 2004, the Tak Seng On restoration project was awarded an Honourable Mentionin the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation. The project wasawarded the title of Urban Best Practices Area (UBPA) of World Expo Shanghai 2010, demonstratingto the world Macao’s fruitful efforts in conserving and recycling historic buildings. The museumreceived 14,572 visitors during 2012.Treasure of Sacred Art of St Joseph’s SeminarySt Joseph’s Seminary was established by the Jesuits in 1728. For more than two centuries, it has madea significant contribution to training Catholic clergymen engaged in missionary careers in Macao,the mainland and Southeast Asia. For this reason, it was bestowed the title of “Royal Seminary”.Crypt and Museum of Sacred ArtBetween 1990 and 1995, the former Portuguese administration conducted archaeological excavationand repaired the Ruins of St Paul’s (the Church of Mother of God or Mater Dei), and built theMuseum of Sacred Art and Crypt on the site of the grave of Father Alexandre Valignano, the founderof St Paul’s College, according to the research findings.278

Culture and SportDr Sun Yat Sen Memorial HouseOriginally built by Dr Sun Yat Sen as a home for his family in the years after 1918, this Islamicstyle residence was opened as Dr Sun Yat Sen Memorial House in 1958.Lin Zexu MuseumThe Lin Zexu Museum in Lin Fong Temple was completed in November 1997, in memory of ImperialCommissioner Lin Zexu, who defied the powerful and the mighty to institute a ban on opium andthe opium trade. On 3 September 1839, Lin Zexu, who was then in charge in Guangdong, and DengTingzheng, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, met the Consul of the former Portugueseadministration to proclaim the prohibition of opium and China’s sovereignty over Macao.Fire Service MuseumFounded in December 1999, the Fire Service Museum is located inside the central operational firestation on Repouso Road. It is open to the public, and received 31,573 visitors in 2012.Museum of Nature and AgricultureThe first museum to be built on Coloane island, the Museum of Nature and Agriculture, underthe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, is within the Seac Pai Van Country Park. Built by thethen Municipal Council of the Islands, the museum was opened on 21 March 1997. It is a culturalamenity with an educational purpose. The museum’s five thematic exhibitions are devoted to theGeography of Macao, Farming Tools of the Islands in Olden Days, the Specimens of Animals, theSpecimens of Plants, and the Simulated Mangrove Swamp.Taipa Houses-MuseumThe Taipa Houses-Museum is a collection of residential buildings that form one of Macao’s eightmost famous landmarks. Constructed in 1921, these five European-style buildings were the officialresidences of the island’s officers and the homes of Macanese families. The former Portugueseadministration’s Tourist Department bought and redecorated them in the 1980s. In 1992, they werecollectively classified as an architecturally important monument. The government thoroughlyrefurbished them and converted three of them into a museum. From east to west, they are knownas the Macanese House, the House of the Islands and the House of Portuguese Regions. The othertwo buildings are the exhibition gallery and reception hall. The museum opened in December 1999,and it officially adopted the name Taipa Houses-Museum in 2002.In 2012, the Taipa Houses-Museum received 104,073 visitors. They included 1,995 visitors on101 guided tours for overseas visitors, local students and community groups. The museum alsoparticipated in various major celebratory events organised by the Civic and Municipal AffairsBureau and other Government departments. Since March, it has also staged eight performances of279

Macao Yearbook 2013the play New Tenant in an Old Mansion, which attracted 319 people to watch and learn about thehistory of Taipa and Coloane in a relaxed atmosphere.Communications Museum of MacaoInaugurated on 1 March 2006, the Communications Museum of Macao aims to promote stampcollecting and the stamps of Macao to citizens and tourists. In 2012, it received a total of 32,811visitors, most of which were arranged visits by local schools and groups.Macao Science CenterAfter seven years of preparation and construction, the Macao Science Center was inaugurated on19 December 2009, and opened to the public on 25 January 2010. Designed by Ieoh Ming Pei, theMacao Science Center is a public cultural facility with an educational mission that comprises anexhibition centre and a planetarium. Its exhibits focus on public participation and fun.Macao Tea Culture HouseThe Macao Tea Culture House, which is managed by the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, isthe first exhibition gallery in Macao devoted to displaying tea-related artefacts. It was opened to thepublic on 1 June 2005. Through short-term and long-term exhibitions of various formats, as well asvarious tea culture activities, it is dedicated to demonstrating Macao’s tea culture and everythingabout tea in China and the West. It also hopes to promote worldwide tea culture, knowledge andstudies.During 2012, the Tea Culture House attracted a total of 42,064 visitors. It also provided 10 freeguided tour services, joined by 225 people. The House organised 12 ‘Taste the Tasty Culture – TeaCulture Promotion Programme’ events, in which 640 visitors participated.Museum of Taipa and Coloane HistoryOpened on 7 May 2006, the Museum of Taipa and Coloane History consists of nine exhibitionrooms and a souvenir shop. Built in 1920, the 638-square-metre, two-storey museum building wasformerly the building of the former Island Municipal Council of Taipa. On the first floor are relicsunearthed in Coloane, stone architectural remains of the basement, religious and cultural documentsand relics from the transformations of the villages on the two islands. These items provide visitorswith an overview of the early history and culture of Coloane and Taipa. The exhibition rooms onthe second floor have various themes, including the history of the former Municipal Council ofthe Islands, a look back at agriculture and handicrafts in the old days, the architectural features ofbuildings on Coloane and Taipa and the recent development of the two islands.The Museum of Taipa and Coloane History attracted a total of 43,332 visitors in 2012. It provided13 free guided tours, joined by a total of 553 people.280

Culture and SportIong Sam Tong PavilionManaged by the Division of Cultural Facilities of the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, IongSam Tong Pavilion was built in the early 20th century as part of Yu Yuen (the former name ofLou Lim Ieoc Garden). The renovation of Iong Sam Tong Pavilion was completed in 2011 andit was reopened on 18 May 2011. It showcases 50 historical items of the Lou family includingphotographs, letters, biographical materials, handwritten drafts and recordings. It received a totalof 14,377 visitors in 2012.Lou Kau MansionCompleted in 1889, Lou Kau Mansion was formerly the residence of the prominent merchant LouKau and his family. It retains a large number of exquisite carvings in wood, stone and brick; plastermouldings; pottery decoration; murals; and garden designs, which are typical of the architecturalstyle of traditional Lingnan dwellings.With a mission to promote Chinese traditional culture by introducing outstanding Chinese folkcrafts and conducting arts activities, Lou Kau Mansion conducts regular live demonstrations byfamous Chinese folk craft masters. A different theme is introduced each week, attracting manycitizens and visitors to exchange ideas and learn from the master craftsmen. In 2012, Lou KauMansion attracted 234,989 visitors.Mandarin’s HouseThe Mandarin’s House is the ancestral family residence of the modern Chinese master ZhengGuanying. Zheng’s world-famous book Shengshi Weiyan (Words of Warning in Times of Prosperity)was completed here. The building of the Mandarin’s House was initiated by Zheng Wenrui, the fatherof Zheng Guanying, and the Zheng brothers expanded it. The house was probably built before 1869.In February 2010, the Mandarin’s House was opened to the public. During 2012, it attracted97,842 visitors.Kun Iam StatueThe Kun Iam Statue is a 32-metre-tall structure on an artificial island in NAPE, which is connectedto the land by a 60-metre bridge. Comprising the statue and lotus flower base, the Kun Iam Statuewas completed in March 1999. It received 68,583 visits in 2012.Macao Cultural CentreThe Macao Cultural Centre is situated on Xian Xing Hai Avenue in NAPE. Completed and openedin March 1999, the complex comprises the Auditoria Building, the Macao Museum of Art Building,Macao Cultural Centre Square and the Handover Gifts Museum of Macao.The Auditoria Building contains two performance venues. One is a 1,076-seat multipurpose281

Macao Yearbook 2013complex theatre, while the other is a 389-seat mini-theatre.During 2012, the Macao Cultural Centre organised spectacular performances that included dance,music, drama and multimedia. There were 53 programmes with a total of 566 performances oractivities. The centre also continued to offer cultural facilities and professional services to variouslocal groups and organisations. During the year, 223 programmes and 884 performances or activitieswere organised by the centre and its tenants, receiving 180,520 visits.Cultural and Recreational ActivitiesThe Government is committed to promoting sport for all, encouraging citizens to participate inall kinds of sports and recreational activities as a way to promote good health. Upholding thevalues of sport-for-all and life-long fitness spelled out in public slogans, the Government hasled citizens towards building healthy lives by enjoying everyday sports. At the same time, theGovernment emphasises enhancing the standards of sports at the local level, and fully supportsand encourages local sports institutions with organising and participating in tournaments inMacao and overseas.The coordinated development of popular sports and athletics can only be realised through theprovision of comprehensive modern sports facilities and sports medicine, thereby allowing citizensto exercise conveniently and scientifically, ultimately enhancing their quality of life.Macao Sports Development BoardMacao Sports Development Board is responsible for instructing, encouraging, assisting andpromoting sports events, establishing the requisite conditions for the development of sports, andcoordinating between sports organisations and related staff.Sport for AllIn 2012, a total of 364,165 people took part in the 19 activities organised by the Macao SportsDevelopment Board, of whom 49,290 participated in the 1,978 Sport for All Fitness andRecreational Classes. In 2012, the annual summer activities accommodated a total of 47,726people, among which 21,539 places were for sport activities. In all, 102 activities and 692 classeswere arranged.Competitive SportIn 2012, the Macao Sports Development Board supported the Macao Sports Association to organiseand participate in 433 competitions, 134 training sessions and 51 international conferences throughspecial funding.During 2012, a total of 88 athletes and coaches in nine sports were awarded cash prizes in 12events for their outstanding performances, while 238 athletes and coaches from 22 sports associationswere awarded certificates of merit.282

Culture and SportSports MedicineIn 2012, the board and the China Institute of Sport Science of the General Administration of Sportof China co-organised the Conference for the Third China’s National Physical Fitness Surveillance(CNPFS) and International Seminar of Physical Fitness Research. Over 300 professionals fromFinland, Austria, Japan, the United States, Macao and mainland China participated in the conference,with more than 100 papers submitted.In 2012, the Sports Medical Centre served more than 8,451 people.Major Multi-sport EventsThe 4th East Asian Games, held from 29 October to 6 November 2005, was the first major multisportsevent hosted by Macao. Later, Macao held the First Lusofonia Games in 2006. The 2ndAsian Indoor Games was the third multi-sports event organised by Macao, which was also the firstAsian multi-sports event held by Macao.Sports and Recreation VenuesMost sports and cultural activity venues in Macao are managed by the Macao Sports DevelopmentBoard or the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau.In response to the ever-changing demands of users and to meet the needs of different sports,the board constantly improves and diversifies the venues under its jurisdiction. These facilities areconveniently located for Macao residents, and the Sports Development Board intends to eventuallyestablish a sports complex in every district.At present, major sports facilities in Macao include Tap Seac Multisport Pavilion, VictorySports Centre, Artur Tamagnini Barbosa Sports Centre, Bosco Sports Complex, Lin Fong SportsCentre and Nam Van Lake Nautical Centre, while those in Taipa include the Olympic Complex,Carmo Swimming Pool, football pitch / athletics ground of the Macao University of Science andTechnology (MUST), and Sports Training Centre. Sports facilities in Cotai comprise the MacaoEast Asian Games Dome, International Shooting Range, Bowling Centre, Tennis Academy, CheocVan Nautical Club, Hac-Sa Nautical Centre, and in Coloane, the Go-Kart Racing Course. All ofthe above are managed by the Macao Sports Development Board.The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau is also responsible for the sports and recreation venuesat Dr Sun Yat Sen Municipal Park, Mong Ha Municipal Park, Guia Hill Municipal Park, Ho YinGarden, the Municipal Swimming Pool, Cheoc Van Swimming Pool, Hac Sa Park and SwimmingPool, Water Activities Centre at Hac Sa Reservoir, Hac Sa Summer Camp Area, Ponte NegraMunicipal Recreation Centre (fitness centre), Carmo Sports and Recreation Ground, Ilha VerdeSports Ground, Avenida do Comendador Ho Yin Sports Ground, Avenida do Conselheiro BorjaSports Ground, Weng Neng Sports Ground, Rua Central da Areia Preta Sports Ground, AlmiranteMagalhaes Correia Sports Ground , Doca Lam Mau Sports Ground, Coloane Sports Ground, HacSa Beach Sports Ground, Canal dos Patos Sports Ground and Barra Sports Ground.There are also many other sports venues owned by associations, institutions and individuals,283

Macao Yearbook 2013such as the Workers’ Soccer Pitch and a golf course.Macao ForumThe Macao Forum is one of the most popular venues in Macao for entertainment and sportingevents. Opened on 27 May 1985, Macao Forum is divided into two sections. Forum I has a seatingcapacity of 4,062 and an area of 7,280 square metres. It houses a lobby and an exhibition gallery,which can accommodate displays and exhibitions.Public Swimming Pools and BeachesSwimming is one of the most popular recreational activities among Macao residents. The swimmingpools managed by the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau include the Municipal Swimming Pool,and the swimming pools at Dr Sun Yat Sen Municipal Park, Cheoc Van and Hac Sa Park. TheMacao Sport Development Board also manages a number of swimming pools, including thoseat the Lin Fong Sports Centre, Bosco Sports Complex, Artur Tamagnini Barbosa Sports Centre,Olympic Sports Centre and Carmo.In Macao, only two beaches – Hac Sa Beach and Cheoc Van Beach, both managed by theMaritime Administration – are available for public use.TrailsTopographically, Macao has a lower elevation in the north and a higher elevation in the south.Thirteen trails covering a total length of 33 kilometres are located on Taipa and Coloane islands.These provide access to replanted forest areas where saplings still require care, and serve asfirebreaks and access routes for fire fighters. For the vast majority of Macao’s residents and visitors,however, the primary function of the trails is to facilitate exploration and enjoyment of the naturalattractions of the islands.The 13 trails are Ka Ho Reservoir Trail (1,550 metres), Coloane Fitness Trail (1,225 metres),Taipa Grande Trail (4,000 metres), Taipa Pequena Trail 2000 (2,300 metres), Coloane Trail (8,100metres), Coloane Northeast Trail (4,290 metres), Hac Sa Reservoir Circuit (2,650 metres), Hac SaReservoir Fitness Circuit (1,505 metres), Hac Sa Long Chao Kok Circuit (2,150 metres), Ka HoHeight Circuit (1,490 metres), Seac Pai Van Park Trail (1,680 metres), Coloane Stone WashbasinAncient Route (about 1,500 metres), and Long Chao Kok Coastal Trail in Hac Sa (about 1,120metres).Gardens and ParksThough small in area, Macao is renowned for its many gardens in a variety of scenery and styles,offering a host of attractions. These form one of Macao’s unique features as a tourist destination.The gardens are not only tourist attractions, but are also popular spots where local residents relaxand exercise.284

Culture and SportGuia Hill Municipal ParkGuia Hill Municipal Park is one of Macao’s major venues to enjoy fresh air. This tourist attractionboasts extensive natural resources. Of all the parks in Macao, it ranks first as a site for Chinese redpines, both in terms of their quantity and age.Luis de Camoes GardenLuis de Camoes Garden is one of the oldest gardens in Macao. It was the residence of a richPortuguese merchant named Lourenco Marques. He loved to feed the pigeons and hundreds ofbirds nested around his home, creating a spectacular view. From a distance, the garden looked likeone giant bird’s nest, and the name has been used ever since.Ho Yin GardenHo Yin Garden is situated to the north of Amizade Avenue. It was built to commemorate the lateChinese community leader, Ho Yin, and was opened to the public in 1993.Carlos d’Assumpcao ParkCarlos d’Assumpcao Park is situated to the south of Amizade Avenue. It commemorates theMacanese community leader and former president of the Legislative Assembly, Carlos d’Assumpcao,and it was opened to the public in 1996.Flora GardenFlora Garden is located at the foot of Guia hill. At the end of the 19th century, it was bought bythe former Portuguese administration to serve as the Governor’s summer residence. Sir Robert HoTung, a philanthropist, later bought it, but afterwards returned it as a gift to the former Portugueseadministration. For this reason, the garden is still called “Ho Tung Garden” in Chinese. It is alsoknown as “I Long Hau Fa Yun”, as it is at close proximity to a spring.A cable car was completed and went into service in 1997. It runs from the garden entrance tothe top of Guia Hill Reservoir, conveniently linking the two locations.Lou Lim Ieoc GardenLou Lim Ieoc Garden is the only garden in Macao with the classic ambiance of those found inSuzhou. It features pavilions, terraces, lakes, zigzag bridges, rocks and cascades, all of which reflectthe beautiful scenery of the Jiangnan area on the southern, lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Dr Sun Yat Sen Municipal ParkDr Sun Yat Sen Municipal Park is located at Ilha Verde in northern Macao near the Border Gate.285

Macao Yearbook 2013At the centre of the park is a 500-metre-long cloister, the longest of any in Macao’s parks, linkingmost of the scenic spots of the park. Other facilities include an open-air theatre, a sport court, othersports facilities, a swimming pool, and a public library.There are many other gardens and parks in Macao, including Mong Ha Hill Municipal Park,Russa Hill Park, St Francis Garden, Victory Garden, Vasco da Gama Garden and Areia Preta SeasidePark, Iao Hon Market Garden, Art Garden, and Areia Preta Urban Park on the Macao peninsula;Lakeside Garden, Flower City Garden, Monument Garden, Laurinda Marques Esparteiro Gardenand Pier Garden on Taipa island; and Hac Sa Sports and Recreation Park, Hac Sa Arboretum andColoane Height Park on Coloane island.286

Culture and SportMacao Arts FestivalThe 23rd Macao Arts Festival was held from 1 May to 2 June 2012. Enriched with fascinating performances, the festival featuredperformances by leading groups and artists from the United Kingdom, Argentina, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, the UnitedStates, mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao.287

Macao Yearbook 2013288

HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE

Health and Social WelfareHealth and Social WelfareThe Government’s long-term policy objectives are to enhance the quality of medical services,and improve medical and health care facilities, thus safeguarding and improving public health.The health departments have been continually accelerating the establishment of different kindsof facilities, improving the medical and health systems, raising the level of medical services, andincreasing health care resources at the community level.In the scope of social service, it is the policy of the Government to strengthen the provisionof community services, focus on securing and improving people’s standard of living, helping theunderprivileged in the community, and ensuring family harmony and social inclusiveness. TheGovernment is committed to helping individuals, families and members of vulnerable groups indistress, enabling them to reassume their social functions, enhance their living skills and acquirea better quality of life.Public HealthMacao’s standard of public health care is comparable to that of developed countries and regions.According to Health Bureau statistics for 2012, the ratio of doctors to residents was 1:388, that ofnurses to residents was 1:347, and that of hospital beds (excluding outpatient beds) to residentswas 1:457. The general mortality rate was 3.2 per thousand inhabitants, while the mortality rate forinfants under one year old was 2.5 per thousand live births. The average life expectancy in Macaowas 82.4 years (2009-2012), which is among the highest life expectancies for any country or territory.According to the ICD-10-CM classification system (International Classification of Disease,Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification), malignant tumours were the main cause of death in Macao,while circulatory diseases and respiratory diseases ranked second and third, respectively. In 2012,these three categories accounted for 30.9 percent, 27.1 percent and 15.3 percent, respectively, ofall deaths during the year.Health BureauThe main functions of the Health Bureau are to coordinate the work of staff in public and privatehealth institutions, to provide essential primary and specialist health care services for the benefit ofMacao residents, and to undertake essential promotional work on hygiene and prevention of diseases.Medical and Health ResourcesThe Government devotes considerable resources to medical and health care. In 2012, totalexpenditure on medical and health services was about 4.01 billion patacas, an increase of 6.1percent over the 2011 figure.Medical and health services providers in Macao are classified as either governmental ornongovernmental. The former mainly include Government Health Centres that provide primaryhealth care, as well as Conde S. Januario Hospital, which provides specialist medical services. The291

Macao Yearbook 2013latter include medical entities subsidised by the Government and other institutions, such as KiangWu Hospital, the Workers’ Clinic and Tung Sin Tong Clinics, as well as various private clinics andlaboratories. The medical services provided by Government Health Centres and Tung Sin TongClinics are basically free of charge.Conde S. Januario HospitalConde S. Januario Hospital is a modern medical institution with advanced and comprehensivefacilities. Its departments include Inpatient, Outpatient, Emergency, Surgery, Intensive Care,Coronary Intensive Care, Burns Service, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, Haemodialysisand Peritoneal Dialysis, Medical Imaging, Laboratory and Haematological Oncology. The OutpatientDepartment provides 86 types of services.According to the Health Bureau’s statistics for 2012, the Inpatient Department of Conde S.Januario Hospital had 623 beds, in 14 specialist wards. Its bed occupancy rate was 85.74 percent,and patients stayed in the hospital for an average of 9.47 days. The hospital’s emergency servicescovered three areas: General Emergency, Paediatric Emergency, and Gynaecological and ObstetricEmergency. The General Emergency service accounted for around 50.72 percent of patient visits,the highest of the three.As at 31 December 2012, Conde S. Januario Hospital had 287 doctors, 763 nurses and 740 beds(623 inpatient beds and 117 outpatient beds). It received 347,934 outpatients, and the daytimehospital treated 29,717 patients. There were 263,080 emergency cases and 18,274 inpatient cases;surgical operations were performed on 7,748 occasions, and 3,693 women gave birth in the hospital.A total of 4,701,604 diagnoses and examinations in support of treatments were conducted in theauxiliary department.Located on Taipa island, the Psychiatric Centre of Conde S. Januario Hospital provides medical,rehabilitation and judicial psychiatric services as well as teaching facilities, all under one roof. Ithas 126 beds, 81 of which are for inpatients and 45 for outpatients. During 2012, it accepted 1,271new adult psychiatric outpatient cases.Health CentresTo realise the objective of “Health for All” advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO),the Health Bureau has established Health Centres throughout the territory. The completion of aprimary health care network with health centres as its operational units offers all Macao residentseasy access to primary health care services in their own neighbourhoods.There are six health centres and two health stations distributed throughout the various districtsof Macao. They include the Fai Chi Kei Health Centre and Areia Preta Health Centre, which alsooffer traditional Chinese medicine outpatient services. As at 31 December 2012, there were 107doctors (including general practitioners, practitioners of Chinese medicine and dentists) and 161nurses providing primary health care services to 560,817 outpatients. Most outpatients attended theadult health care, child health care and family planning clinics, which accounted for 59.40 percent,12.08 percent and 8.96 percent, respectively, of total outpatient visits.292

Health and Social WelfareExpenses for Medical ServicesAll legal residents of Macao, regardless of their age or occupation, are entitled to free services atHealth Centres and supplementary check ups at Conde S. Januario Hospital by referral from healthcentres. Non-residents pay for such services according to rates established by the Health Bureau.Patients other than those specified above must pay for services provided by Conde S. JanuarioHospital. Fees are higher for non-residents.Macao Public Health LaboratoryThe Macao Public Health Laboratory is a department under the Health Bureau, and is responsiblefor providing general health care support. It had 72 members of staff at the end of 2012.The laboratory provides support to agencies under the Health Bureau and other governmentdepartments, and conducts research on public health (including monitoring environmental hygieneand infectious diseases) either on its own or in collaboration with other countries and nearby regions.The laboratory provides services including chemical and microorganism tests for food safety,water quality, medicine, and clinical samples; diagnostic services for some infectious diseases.Prevention and Treatment of HIV DiseaseThe Commission on AIDS Prevention and Treatment was established by an order of the ChiefExecutive issued in November 2005. Its term was extended for another three years by an executiveorder issued in December 2008, and for a further three years by an executive order issued in July2011. Chaired by the Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture, the commission comprises membersfrom both the Government and community groups, including the Health Bureau, the Social WelfareBureau, the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau, the Unitary Police Service, Macao Prison, KiangWu Hospital, the School of Health Sciences of Macao Polytechnic Institute, Kiang Wu NursingCollege, Chinese Medical Association, the Macao Association of Medical Practitioners, Macau RedCross, Caritas de Macau, the Macao Federation of Trade Unions, the Macao General NeighbourhoodAssociations Union, and Tung Sin Tong Charitable Society. There are six working groups underthe commission. The commission designs and promotes measures to prevent and control AIDStransmission in Macao, through cooperation among public departments and community groupsand organisations.Blood Transfusion CentreThe Blood Transfusion Centre (BTC), a department under the Health Bureau, is the only institutionin Macao that provides blood, blood components, and a blood donation service. The centre adoptsa policy of voluntary, unpaid and anonymous blood donation. Its primary responsibilities includeproviding local patients with adequate and safe blood and blood components. The centre had 42staff members in 2012.In 2012, a total of 12,599 residents registered as blood donors with the Blood Transfusion293

Macao Yearbook 2013Centre. The centre collected 14,681 units of blood during the year; and prepared 39,412 units ofblood components for 2,644 patients.Department of Pharmaceutical AffairsThe Department of Pharmaceutical Affairs is an administrative and monitoring unit supervised bythe Health Bureau. It comprises the Division of Monitoring and Management, and the Inspectionand Licensing Division. The department had 53 employees in 2012.By the end of 2012, a total of 25,651 kinds of western medicine had been approved by theHealth Bureau for launch in the local market; of these, 8,074 were over-the-counter medicines,16,169 were prescription medicines and 1,408 could only be used by hospitals. A total of 5,716kinds of Chinese and traditional medicine were licensed for sale in the local market. There were346 pharmacists and 183 pharmacy technicians registered with the Health Bureau. There were 111licensed wholesale stores with Health Bureau authorisation for conducting pharmaceutical importand export business. There were 151 licensed pharmaceutical stores, 129 Chinese herbal stores,17 pharmaceutical dealers and 18 pharmaceutical factories.Tobacco Prevention and Control OfficeThe Tobacco Prevention and Control Office is mainly responsible for enforcement of tobaccocontrol. It had 46 employees by the end of 2012.As for the law enforcement regarding tobacco control in 2012, the office patrolled 659establishments and made 23 prosecutions per day on average. A total of 8,420 prosecutions weremade, of which 60 percent of the offenders were local residents and 90 percent were male. Theviolations mainly took places in Cyber cafes, public parks/gardens, recreational areas and amusementgame centres. Eighty percent of the offenders have paid the fine.Kiang Wu HospitalKiang Wu Hospital is a non-governmental medical and health institution administered by the KiangWu Hospital Charitable Association of Macao. Established in 1871, it has a 141-year history. KiangWu Hospital has developed into a modern general hospital that integrates treatment, prevention,teaching and research; and it is currently implementing a modern information management systemin phases. In 2012, the hospital had 1,773 staff: 323 doctors, 542 nurses, 288 technical professionalsand 620 other employees.Kiang Wu Hospital has the following departments: Emergency, Outpatient, Inpatient, anIntensive Care Unit (ICU/CCU), as well as a number of medical centres. The hospital’s clinicalservices also cover medicine, surgery, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, Chinese medicine,oncology, stomatology, ophthalmology, rehabilitation, dermatology and otorhinolaryngology, headand neck surgery. In addition, the hospital has eight supporting departments dedicated to variousareas including medical imaging, pharmacy, pathology and general examination. The Dr HenryY. T. Fok Specialist Medical Centre was completed and commenced operation in August 2009 to294

Health and Social Welfareoffer various specialty outpatient services to the public.Kiang Wu Hospital has an emergency department and three outpatient departments. During 2012,its emergency and outpatient departments treated over 1.18 million patients, an average of 3,602per day. Its emergency department is open around the clock, and during 2012 treated over 160,000patients, an average of around 455 per day. A total of 28,000 patients were discharged from thehospital during the year. In 2012, the Taipa Medical Centre received patients seeking emergencyand outpatient services on 126,000 occasions, an average of 383 patients per day.University HospitalThe University Hospital, an institution under the Macau University of Science and Technology(MUST) Foundation, is an integrated, modern hospital. It also serves as the clinical and teachingbase for the Faculty of Chinese Medicine and Faculty of Health Sciences of the MUST.The hospital provides a wide range of services in various specialties of western and Chinesemedicines, as well as other services in its clinics. The Inpatient Department has 60 beds; doublerooms, single rooms and luxury rooms are available.Environmental HygieneOne of the major tasks of the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau is to improve and protect theurban environment, as well as to maintain a clean and tidy city. The bureau handles complaintsabout environmental hygiene, inspects urban hygiene, monitors the waste-disposal franchisecompany, manages landfills, improves the facilities and distribution of refuse stations, organisescity cleaning campaigns to promote awareness of environmental hygiene, maintains and managespublic conveniences and prevents rat problems. The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau handled11,545 complaints in 2012, mainly concerning refuse at vacant construction sites and buildings,water dripping from air conditioners, refuse stations, rat problems, occupation of public space,smoke and exhaust fumes, overflowing sewage and noise pollution. In recent years, the Civicand Municipal Affairs Bureau has begun constructing closed refuse tips, which will eventuallyreplace street litterbins. These efforts are expected to greatly improve the hygiene of refusecollection facilities.CemeteriesMacao has six public cemeteries and 11 private cemeteries. The public cemeteries are Macao StMichael’s Cemetery, Macao Our Lady of Piety Cemetery, Sa Kong Cemetery and Carmo Cemeteryon Taipa, Municipal Cemetery and Va Ian (Chinese) Cemetery on Coloane. The private cemeteriesare the Parsee Cemetery; the Old Protestant Cemetery; Mong Ha New Cemetery; Muslim Cemetery;Kai Fong (Neighbourhood) Cemetery, Pao Choc (Firecrackers) Cemetery, and Hao Si Cemetery onTaipa; and Kok Ip Cemetery, Ha Sac Cemetery, Ka Ho Cemetery and Son I Cemetery on Coloane.Public cemeteries are managed directly by the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau. They include13,315 grave plots, 5,330 of which are available for lease, as well as 19,430 ossuaries and cremation295

Macao Yearbook 2013urns. The bureau is also authorised to supervise the operations of private cemeteries.Public ToiletsThe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau has implemented various measures to optimise thedistribution and services of Macao’s public toilets. At present, the Civic and Municipal AffairsBureau manages 66 fixed public toilets and six portable public toilets, distributed across variousdistricts and open to citizens and tourists free of charge.Environmental Protection and Clean City EducationEnvironment Information CentreMacao currently has two environment information and education centres. These are the MongHa Environment Information Centre and the Flora Garden Environment Information Centre. Theenvironment information centres provide space for interactive exchanges and learning amongthe general public, fostering public concern regarding and encouraging joint efforts to raising thequality of Macao’s urban environment, through education and promotions.Green RoofTo promote education about environmental hygiene and reducing waste of resources, and to spreadthe message of caring for nature, the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau set up the Green Roofat the rooftop of Macao wholesale market. This was opened on 24 April 2010, for the public tovisit by appointment.Volunteers for Clean-up CampaignTo encourage the public to keep the city clean and protect the environment, in November 2012the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau recruited 130 individuals, who are committed to improveMacao’s environment and hygiene conditions, and set up a volunteer team “Friends of MacaoCity”. They serve as ambassadors to promote community hygiene, environmental protection andfood safety.Oscar’s FarmOscar’s Farm opened during Green Week in 2005. It is the only organic farm in Macao, with anarea of around 7,000 square metres. It provides accommodation in the form of villas and campsites, as well as large huts for holding group activities, parties and handicraft workshops, aswell as facilities including the chess game zone, teahouse, performance stage, Tyrolean traverseplatform, BBQ zone, fitness zone and the children’s playground. It also has an organic farm andan orchard. The farm combines natural environment and farming education, and is a healthyplace for residents.296

Health and Social WelfareGreen WeekThe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau and the Environmental Protection Bureau hosted the 31stGreen Week in Macao, with assistance from the Macao Federation of Trade Unions, the MacaoGeneral Neighbourhood Associations Union and other community associations in 2012. The eventwas held from 17-25 March, with the theme “Green City, Dream Home”. The 31st Green Week inMacao featured 88 activities, of 40 types. The event was attended by 80,000 people.Food HygieneIn accordance with relevant regulations, most imported foods (primarily animal and plant products)are subject to compulsory quarantine and inspection before being placed on the market.The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau’s quarantine personnel conduct hygiene inspectionsof imported foodstuffs, such as livestock, meat, vegetables and fishery products, food productsoriginating from animals, and fresh but perishable products. These inspections are conducted atthe Border Gate quarantine station, fish quarantine stations, wholesale markets, Slaughter House,piers, Ka Ho Harbour, the airport, the COTAI quarantine station and other quarantine points.The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau has strengthened its product quality inspection andcontrol measures. It has also made sample inspection procedures for imported livestock andfoodstuffs more stringent, in order to prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases. All importedfoodstuffs – including vegetables, live poultry, fish, fresh and frozen meat, eggs, fruits and cannedgoods – must now be inspected, quarantined and tested for residual pesticides, while poultry mustbe tested for avian flu. In addition, the bureau is responsible for food hygiene inspection of shopsselling meat, vegetables and fish, and issuing licences to them. It carries out regular hygiene blitzes,and it has introduced a grading system to monitor the hygiene and safety of fresh live food.The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau effectively carries out its food inspection and quarantineresponsibilities through cooperation and the exchange of information with the Macao CustomsService, the Health Bureau, the Economic Services Bureau and counterparts of these organisationsin neighbouring regions.Veterinary HealthMonitoring animal hygiene is an important integral part of preventing animal epidemics andsecuring public health. The Inspection and Veterinary Control Division, under the supervisionof the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, is mainly responsible for supervising and managinganimal hygiene in Macao. Its duties include prevention and control of epidemic animal diseases,quarantine of imported and exported animals, animal management, issuing and managing licencesfor poultry retailing and pet shops, education and publicity about animal hygiene and welfare, andanimal licensing.To prevent avian flu, in 2012 the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau collected faeces samplesof wild bird carcasses, migratory birds, poultry, birds of bird parks, and environmental samplesfrom live poultry retail stalls. No avian flu virus was found through tests of all samples collected.297

Macao Yearbook 2013Moreover, policies prohibiting the sale of live poultry at any retail sites and stipulating thecompulsory slaughter of all live poultry before 7:00pm were strictly implemented. In addition, thebureau has made efforts to move poultry retail stalls from the streets into the public markets. Thereare only three poultry retail stalls outside the public markets.There are two dog pounds under the supervision of the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau,which are responsible for issuing pet dog licences, providing rabies vaccinations for pet dogs andcats, providing diagnoses and treatment for pets, sheltering abandoned and stray animals, providinganimal quarantine, handling matters concerning pet adoptions, issuing animal health certificatesand providing corpse handling and cremation services.To prevent rabies, in 2012 the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau gave rabies vaccines of threeyearefficacy to 2,918 pet dogs and cats. The bureau issued 10,688 pet dog licences, and pounded624 stray dogs and 311 stray cats.From 2007, the bureau introduced the Stray Cat TNR Scheme, which reduces the number ofstray cats by controlling the reproduction rate. In 2012, 284 stray cats were neutered, implantedwith a microchip, marked on the ear, vaccinated against rabies and then returned home or movedto appropriate places. By the end of 2012, a total of 1,261 stray cats had been treated in the StrayCat TNR Scheme.Wet MarketsThere are nine wet markets in Macao: seven on the Macao peninsula and one each on the islandsof Taipa and Coloane. These house a total of 1,168 market stalls.In 2012, some 855 market stalls were rented, involving a total of 2,156 operators, of whom928 were stall tenants and temporary mobile stall licensees, 487 were stall assistants and 741 wereemployees. The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau is responsible for wet market managementand tenant management.HawkersThe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau licenses, manages and monitors hawkers. In addition, itmanages various large temporary sales activities, such as sales of firecrackers and the Lunar NewYear’s Eve Market, during major Chinese traditional festivals, as well as special markets like theTaipa Flea Market.During 2012, the bureau issued 1,169 hawkers’ licences, including 218 cooked food stall licencesand 80 special permits to flower hawkers from Wanzai District of Zhuhai Municipality, 36 fewerlicences or 2.9 percent less than in 2011.SlaughterhouseIn accordance with relevant regulations, livestock such as pigs, cattle and sheep must be slaughteredat the Slaughter House. The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau stations veterinarians and quarantine298

Health and Social Welfarepersonnel in the slaughterhouse to supervise its operations and hygiene. All slaughtered productsmust be checked before and after killing, and certified fit for human consumption before they canbe sold. The bureau is also responsible for protecting animal rights, preventing abuse, supervisingthe transportation of livestock and destroying sub-standard meat.In 2012, the slaughterhouse butchered 101,097 head of cattle and pigs.Social WelfareThe Government designs its social welfare policies in conjunction with non-governmental agencies;so that governmental and non-governmental organisations both deliver practical social services thatmeet residents’ needs and help distressed individuals and families and disadvantaged communitiesto resume normal social functioning and improve their living standards. The Social Welfare Bureauspent over 1.4 billion patacas on social welfare services in 2012, an increase of 31.8 percent.In 2005, the Government started to offer the Old-age Allowance to elderly Macao permanentresidents aged 65 or above. The allowance was delivered to the eligible elderly in a lump sum inOctober every year. In 2012, the Old-age Allowance was 6,000 patacas a year. A total of 52,439applications were approved and, in all, about 315 million patacas were paid to the elderly.Social Welfare BureauThe Social Welfare Bureau provides services for individuals and families, children and youth, thedisabled and the elderly. It also offers anti-drug-dependence services, as well as treatment and socialrehabilitation for drug dependents. Its social service facilities include recreational and multi servicecentres for the elderly, a casualty centre for victims of disasters, the Chi Ai Hin – a counsellingcentre for problem gamblers, Assessment Centre for Rehabilitation, Healthy Life Education Centre,the Anti-drug Education Resource Centre and the Treatment and Social Rehabilitation Service forDrug Dependence.Family ServicesThe Social Welfare Bureau has established five social services centres in Macao, providingindividuals and families in need with general services.In addition, Macao has one public shelter, 12 not-for-profit family service centres, and one notfor-profitcounselling agency, as well as four non-profit temporary shelters, to improve the qualityof domestic life and prevent domestic problems. During 2012, a total of 39 people were admittedto the Ilha Verde shelter, and people used the cold/wind shelter service a total of 1,208 times.Community ServicesFourteen not-for-profit community centres provide services to the public in Macao. Of these, 13are subsidised by the Social Welfare Bureau.299

Macao Yearbook 2013During 2012, 7,623 people received various types of assistance and services from the SocialWelfare Bureau on 18,772 occasions. The assistance and services included financial aid; individualor family counselling; day-care, child-care and hostel services; and referrals for domestic helpservices. Moreover, the five social services centres conducted 12,355 face-to-face counsellingsessions for 6,716 residents and 4,459 home visits for 3,243 residents to cater for the various needsof individual cases. The bureau disbursed over 373 million patacas in the form of regular financialassistance to 10,505 people in 5,930 families.In order to enhance welfare recipients’ incentives to work and encourage them to re-enter thelabour market, the Social Welfare Bureau and four non-governmental organisations cooperated inimplementing the Community Employment Assistance Scheme. By the end of 2012, the schemehad 474 participants. Additionally, by the end of 2012, the Positive Life Programme, which waslaunched to encourage employment, maintained 1,032 individual accounts for unemployed people,386 of whom had already received employment counselling and accepted job referrals.Children’s and Youth ServicesMacao currently has 36 child-care centres; of which 32 are not-for-profit (28 of these are subsidisedby the Social Welfare Bureau) and four are profit making. They are dedicated to sharing parents’responsibilities for taking care of children, providing favourable conditions for children’s mentaland physical development. In 2012, the child-care centres took in 4,863 young children.The nine not-for-profit homes for children and adolescents subsidised by the Social WelfareBureau provide a healthy living environment and short or long-term care and counselling fororphans, as well as children and adolescents who have been abandoned, who lack family care, orwho are on the verge of a crisis as a result of family or social conflicts. In 2012, the nine homeshoused 270 children and youngsters.The Social Welfare Bureau is the only authorised organisation in Macao that deals with adoptionservices. It handled 96 such cases in 2012. In addition, the bureau is responsible for providingassistance to minors who become involved in judicial actions, in accordance with the socialprotection system. During 2012, the bureau processed 186 such cases and handled one case underthe community support programme.Services for the ElderlyMacao has 19 homes for the elderly; 10 of them are not-for-profit (nine are subsidised by the SocialWelfare Bureau) and nine are for-profit. These provide residential services for individuals whocannot live in their own homes for various reasons. In 2012, a total of 1,188 senior citizens werehoused in homes for the elderly.Macao also has one public and six not-for-profit day centres for the elderly, and three notfor-profitmulti-service centres, all of which are subsidised by the Social Welfare Bureau.These provide day care, nursing and rehabilitation for elderly people in failing health. Thereare also one Government-run and 23 not-for-profit social centres for the elderly, providingservices to 6,472 senior citizens. All 24 social centres for the elderly are subsidised by the300

Health and Social WelfareSocial Welfare Bureau.Senior Citizen’s CardCitizens holding Macao Resident Identity Cards aged 65 or above are eligible to apply for the SeniorCitizen’s Card. Senior Citizen’s Card holders are entitled to the welfare and benefits offered bythe public organisations and enterprises that have signed cooperation agreements with the SocialWelfare Bureau. By the end of 2012, the Social Welfare Bureau had issued a cumulative total of39,801 Senior Citizen’s Cards.Rehabilitation ServicesMacao currently has six not-for-profit rehabilitation homes, and eight not-for-profit day care centressubsidised by the Government providing services such as training for independent living, grouplearning, physiotherapy, social activities and personal assistance to the deaf, the mentally disabled,people recovering from mental illness and the visually impaired. During 2012, the six homesprovided residential services to 386 people, while the eight day-care centres provided rehabilitationservices to 1,125 people. In addition, Macao has six subsidised sheltered workshops, vocationaltraining centres and supported employment centres assisting the disabled, and two not-for-profitpre-school education centres and education centres.The rehabilitation bus service in Macao is provided by two not-for-profit agencies. TheGovernment subsidises the cost of purchasing and operating rehabilitation buses. The serviceenables people with impaired mobility, the physically disabled and patients requiring renal dialysisto commute between their homes and hospitals or Health Centres. Rehabilitation buses providedtransport services to 26,643 people during 2012. The non-emergency ambulance transport serviceconveys patients with physical disabilities in an ambulance between their homes and hospitals. In2012, this service was used 6,197 times.A Government-funded comprehensive rehabilitation service centre designed for people withintellectual disabilities opened for service in January 2006.After By-law No. 3/2011 the System of Assessing and Classifying Disabilities for Registration ofDisability Cards, became effective from 11 March 2011, the Assessment Centre for Rehabilitationbegan to accept applications for Disability Assessment Cards. As at 31 December 2012, it hadreceived 11,250 applications and issued 8,596 Disability Assessment Cards.To demonstrate the Government’s care for the disabled, the Social Welfare Bureau acted accordingto Law No. 9/2011, and the Disability Allowance and Free Healthcare Services System came intoeffect on 29 August 2011. The law stipulates that permanent residents who are issued temporarydocuments for the Disability Assessment Cards or hold the Disability Assessment Cards will begiven Disability Allowance. The Disability Allowance is given once a year. It is in two categories:the Regular Disability Allowance is 6,000 patacas per year, while the Special Disability Allowanceis 12,000 patacas per year. In 2012, there were 9,939 applications for Disability Allowances. Asat 22 March 2013, allowances for 2012 had been paid to 7,826 recipients, of whom 6,415 wererenewal cases.301

Macao Yearbook 2013Prevention and Treatment of Drug AddictionWith regard to drug dependence treatment and rehabilitation, the Social Welfare Bureau hasestablished a Comprehensive Drug Treatment Services Centre, which provides complete anddiversified voluntary treatment and rehabilitation services for drug-dependent people. They includeoutpatient and residential drug addiction treatment, and health workshops to facilitate learning andrecreation. During 2012, a total of 548 drug addicts received outpatient drug addiction treatmentservices. Of these, 112 were seeking help for the first time.In Macao, there are five not-for-profit drug-treatment community groups, which operate fiverehabilitation shelters, an outreach treatment service for addicts, an outreach treatment service fordrug-dependent youths, and a self-help rehabilitation service for addicts. Most of these receivesubsidies from the Social Welfare Bureau. In 2012, these non-governmental drug-treatmentorganisations offered services to 114 people; outreach drug addiction treatment services were usedover 38,803 times; and outreach services designed for drug-dependent youngsters and problemjuveniles were used 2,664 times. The self-help addiction treatment service helped 4,829 formeraddicts reintegrate into the community.To promote the diversification of drug addiction treatment services, the Social Welfare Bureaualso offers financial and technical support to private organisations. It has helped an organisationto launch a free outpatient service to help people quit smoking, which helped 509 people on 1,520occasions in 2012.Social Security FundThe Social Security Fund Authority is responsible for implementing various policy measuresconcerning social security and managing relevant resources. Its funds are derived from thecontributions of employers and employees, non-resident worker employment fees, an appropriationfrom the gaming industry’s revenue, the Government’s allocation of one percent of the recurrentbudget revenue, and interest payments received from Social Security Fund investments.After Law No. 4/2010, Social Security System, came into force, the first tier of social securitywas implemented. Law of Provident Fund Individual Accounts under the provident fund and By-lawon General Regulations on the Opening and Management of Individual Accounts under the CentralProvident Fund became effective on 15 October 2012, enhancing the foundation for the centralprovident fund system that consists of contributions from employers and employees, graduallymoving towards the establishment of the “two-tier” social security system.Social Security SystemLaw No. 4/2010, Social Security System, provides Macao residents with basic security for theelderly. This stipulates that employees and employers shall make mandatory contributions to theCentral Provident Fund. Other adult Macao residents who are entitled by law can opt to join thevoluntary security system and make voluntary contribution.In 2012, 343,000 beneficiaries made contributions, including approximately 263,000 employees,302

Health and Social Welfare80,000 voluntary contributors (including in-service public servants registered in the retirement andpension system). The contributions totalled around 180 million patacas.According to the Rules on Enforcing the Law on Employment of Non-resident Workers,employers are required to pay a 200-pataca employment fee for every non-resident worker.Employers are responsible for paying the full amount. Employers of assembly and processingmanufacturing enterprises, as stipulated in Decree-Law No. 11/99/M, can be exempted from 50percent of the employment fee. Non-resident workers employed as domestic workers are exemptedfrom the employment fee. In 2012, employment fees totalled around 190 million patacas.According to the current social security system, eligible beneficiaries are legally entitled topensions, disability allowance, unemployment allowance, sickness allowance, funeral allowance,marriage allowance, birth allowance, allowance for costs arising from work-related debts andrespiratory diseases.In 2012, a total of 63,579 beneficiaries received pensions. Social security payments totalledaround 1.3 billion patacas. Pensions (including additional payment) made up the majority of socialsecurity, accounting for 94.3 percent – around 1.23 billion patacas.Provident Fund Individual AccountsLaw No. 14/2012 Provident Fund Individual Accounts and By-law No. 25/2012 Procedures forAllocation of Funds to Holders of Provident Fund Individual Accounts were effective from 15October 2012, replacing By-law No. 31/2009 General Regulations on the Opening and Managementof Individual Accounts under the Central Provident Fund. Central Provident Fund accounts andparticipants were automatically switched to Provident Fund Individual Accounts and holders;the balances of the accounts were transferred at the same time. The objective of the ProvidentFund Individual Accounts is to handle funds allocated to MSAR residents from public funds, toenhance social securities and living standards of residents, especially the elderly, and to facilitatethe establishment of the Central Provident Fund within Macao’s social security system.A Provident Fund Individual Account holder is entitled to fund allocation if he or she is apermanent resident above the age of 22, and has been resident in Macao for at least 183 days withinthe year prior to the allocation. In 2012, there were 405,000 Provident Fund Individual Accountholders, of whom 320,000 fulfilled the requirements for receiving the fund. The Governmentpaid 6,000 patacas to each of the entitled residents. Account holders who became entitled for thefirst time were given an incentive basic amount (previously known as start-up capital) of 10,000patacas. In 2012, a total of 20,000 account holders received the incentive basic amount. Allocationof premiums was conducted in September, with each entitled account holder receiving a premiumof up to 454 patacas.In 2012, participants who had reached 65 years of age and those who met certain criteria becameeligible to apply to withdraw funds from their accounts. Throughout the year, there were 42,000applications for withdrawals, leading to the disbursement of 340 million patacas.303

Macao Yearbook 2013Nuclear incident drillTo strengthen the operational ability of the Macao NuclearIncident Response Team and test the effectiveness ofimplementation of the Contingency Plan for Nuclear PowerStation Incident in Neighbouring Regions and the efficiencyof information sharing, a nuclear incident drill was held on13 November 2012.The drill took place in various public venues, where theresponse team’s inspectors performed simulated mandatoryinspections of incoming travellers, sampled and examinedthe radioactivity levels of imported food and tap water, andhandled substances that were supposedly suspected of beingcontaminated with radioactive materials.304

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Macao Yearbook 2013

MEDIA, COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Media, Communications and Information TechnologyMedia, Communications and Information TechnologyMacao enjoys freedom of the press, freedom of speech and freedom of publishing. Despite itsrelatively small size, it has a sophisticated and well-developed media industry.The Government strives to enhance the transparency of its administration and facilitatecommunication and dialogue with the media. This enables Government messages to be deliveredto the public promptly and accurately, and provides a wide range of information via the media.Furthermore, the Government expects the media to act as a watchdog, continually prompting everyGovernment department to improve its work and provide better-quality services to the community.Macao’s laws protect the rights of journalists to gather and receive news and information, andto report it, assuring their journalistic independence.Mass MediaElectronic MediaMacao has one free-to-air TV station, two radio stations and one cable TV station, as well as fourlocally based satellite TV stations.Teledifusao de Macau (Macau Broadcasting Company, TDM) began provision of a publicbroadcasting service in February 1988. Digital broadcasting commenced in 2008. Currently, bothanalogue broadcasting and digital broadcasting are available. On top of the two round-the-clockchannels (Chinese and Portuguese), there are digital channels including sports, information, highdefinition (HD), CCTV-13, CCTV news, CCTV documentaries, Fujian TV Station Haixia SatelliteChannel and Hunan TV World.Radio Macau, a subsidiary of TDM, and the privately owned Radio Vila-Verde (Green Village)are Macao’s two radio stations. Both broadcast 24 hours a day.Macau Cable TV has been broadcasting since July 2000, and offers 101 channels (including 20test channels, and one dedicated hotel channel), all 24 hours.MSTV Satellite TV Company Limited – originally known as the Cosmos Satellite TelevisionCompany, which was the first operator to be granted a licence to provide satellite television servicesin Macao – now offers four channels: MSTV’s News Channel (launched in January 2009) andNewsky Satellite TV (launched in August 2010) – both on air 24 hours a day; and Kung-fu TVChannel (launched in February 2009) and Zhongbo Satellite TV, which officially began broadcastingin November 2011. The latter two channels broadcast 16 hours a day.China Satellite TV (Group) Company was licensed in 2000 to provide satellite televisionbroadcasting services. China Satellite TV officially began its broadcasting services on 28 March2008, via the CSTV-1 24-hour channel on health and lifestyle.The Chinese channel of the MASTV Company began operations in June 2001. It broadcasts24 hours a day.On 2 December 2008, Macau Lotus Satellite TV Media Limited was granted a 15-year licence309

Macao Yearbook 2013to provide satellite television services in Macao. It started its broadcasting service on 1 January2009, on its Macao Lotus TV 24-hour channel.Print MediaThe history of Macao’s newspaper industry can be traced back over 100 years. From 1839 to 1840,while enforcing the opium ban in Guangdong, Lin Zexu commissioned a selective translation ofthe English Macao Monthly and, for administrative purposes, published Journal News of Macaoin Guangzhou. On 18 July 1893, Dr Sun Yat Sen and a Macanese named Francisco H. Fernandesworked together and founded Echo Macanese, which was published in Chinese and Portuguese.On 22 February 1897, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao founded The Reformer China. After the1911 Revolution in China, Macao’s Chinese newspapers began to flourish. Several newspapers,such as Ao Men Shi Bao (Macao Times), Hao Jing Wan Bao (Oyster Mirror Evening Post), Ao MenTong Bao (Macao Bulletin), and Hao Jing Ri Bao (Oyster Mirror Daily), were founded at this time.Macao has 10 Chinese daily newspapers, which currently print a total of 100,000 copies eachday. They are Ou Mun Iat Pou (Macao Daily News), Jornal Va Kio (Overseas Chinese Journal),Tai Chung Pou (The Public), Si Man Pou (The Citizen), Jornal Seng Pou (Star Journal), ChengPou (Righteousness), Today Macau Jornal, Jornal San Wa Ou (New Chinese Macau Journal), HouKong Daily and the free newspaper Exmoo News.The main Chinese weeklies published in Macao include: Jornal Informação (InformationJournal), Pulso de Macau (Macau Pulse), Semanário Recreativo de Macau (Macau EntertainmentWeekly), Jornal Si Si (Current Affairs Journal), Semanário de Desportivo de Macau (MacauSports Weekly), Observatório de Macau (Macau Observer), Agora Macau (Now Macau), MacaoCommercial Post and the Macau Convention and Exhibition Economy Journal.Portuguese daily newspapers have an even longer history than the Chinese dailies. In 1822,Abelha da China, the first-ever daily in China, was founded and published in Portuguese. Otherearly-founded Portuguese papers founded in Macao include Gazeta de Macau (Macau Gazette),Imparcial (The Impartial), and Correio de Macau (Macau Post). Macao currently has threePortuguese dailies primarily intended for a local Portuguese readership. These are Ponto Final(Full Stop), Jornal Tribuna de Macau (Macau Tribune Journal) and Hoje Macau (Today Macau).O Clarim (The Bugle) is a Portuguese weekly.The English daily newspapers in Macao are the Macau Post Daily, the Macao Daily Times andthe Macau Business Daily.Every day, dozens of Hong Kong newspaper and magazine titles are transported to Macao. Somedaily newspapers published on the mainland are also available on local newsstands. In addition,Macao residents enjoy access to radio and TV programmes made in Hong Kong and mainland China.Media Stationed in MacaoMacao does not have its own news agency. However, both Xinhua News Agency and Lusa-Portuguese News Agency have branches or representative offices in Macao. Other mediaorganisations with accredited correspondents in the territory include China News Service (CNS);310

Media, Communications and Information TechnologyChina Central Television (CCTV); China National Radio (CNR); China Radio International (CRI);the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television; People’s Daily; Wen Hui Bao (Shanghai);South China Morning Post (SCMP); Hong Kong Economic Journal (HKEJ); Asia Television (ATV);Hong Kong Cable Television (HKCTV); Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK); Ta Kung Pao;Wen Wei Po; Hong Kong Daily News; China Economic Weekly; Hong Kong Commercial Daily;Oriental Press Group; EyePress News; and China Trade News.Press AssociationsThe press associations in Macao include the Macao Chinese Media Workers Association, the MacaoJournalists Club, the Macao Journalists Association, the Macao Media Club, the Macau SportsPress Association, the Macau Press Photographers Association, and the Portuguese and EnglishSpeaking Media Association and the Macao Media Workers Welfare Association.The Press LawThe Press Law (Law No. 7/90/M), promulgated in August 1990, guarantees the freedom of the pressand its right of access to information; and governs activities regarding newspapers and magazines,publishers and news agencies.Macao’s Press Law consists of six chapters and 61 articles. This law protects the rights ofjournalists, including those to gather, receive and report information. By law, journalists have theright to access information from Government authorities, public administrations, public corporationsand joint ventures formed by the Government; private organisations of which the Government orits subsidiaries are major shareholders; corporations that operate public assets; and contractors thatprovide public works or services. This freedom of access is not applicable to information regardingjudicial confidentiality and state secrets, or facts and documentation protected by law as privateand confidential information.Journalists have the right to protect their sources of information and they will not be penaliseddirectly or indirectly while exercising that right. Likewise, there is no obligation for media ownersand publishers, individual publications or news agencies to reveal their sources of information. Inthis way, the law protects journalistic independence. However, in the event of sufficient evidenceof criminal involvement, the media’s right to protect its sources of information can be terminatedby a court order.The Press Law allows freedom of discussion and criticism of politics, society, religious viewsand laws, as well as the acts of the Government itself and its departments and personnel.Publishers or other entities publishing periodicals, and correspondents of non-local mediaorganisations based in Macao, are legally required to register with the Government InformationBureau (GCS).In 2010, the Government proposed to review and revise the 20-year old Press Law, therebyproviding local media with a legal environment that is both supportive and conducive to its healthydevelopment. In March 2010, the Government Information Bureau announced that the processwould be in three phases: research, consultation, and drafting. In June, the bureau invited local311

Macao Yearbook 2013academic institutions to conduct a study on the direction for amendments to the Press Law and theBroadcasting Law of Macao. The tender for gathering public opinions on the revision was launchedin the first quarter of 2011. Deliberative opinion polling was first introduced in Macao to conductextensive, objective and scientific opinion gathering and analyses. In addition, the GCS activelyliaised with the newspaper industry and professional organisations to listen to all opinions.After gathering and analysing the views of the press industry and the results of the deliberativeopinion polling, the Government decided to defer any amendment of the Broadcasting Law whileproceeding to amend the Press Law under the principle of “limited to deletion only” any clause tothe law. The controversial provisions to be deleted included the one regulating the Press Council,and the other on the Code of Practice for Journalists. Some wording was also amended to align withrelevant laws. Another round of public consultation will be launched upon completion of the draft.Government Information BureauThe Government Information Bureau (GCS) is a bureau-level administrative entity under thesupervision of the Chief Executive. It assists Government departments and the media by coordinatingand conducting research regarding public communication, disseminating Government informationand arranging media interviews. The GCS regularly publishes Macao magazine, the MacaoInformation booklet and the Macao Yearbook in Chinese, Portuguese and English.In line with the development of civil society and information technology in mass media, inMarch the Government promulgated the by-law, Organisation and Operation of the GovernmentInformation Bureau (GCS), to enhance the transparency of administration, facilitate communicationwith citizens and further safeguard the public interests and the right to information.Under the new framework, the GCS is restructured from one department with three divisionsand one team to two departments with five divisions: the Information Department – under whichis the Media Relations Division; the Research and Publicity Department – under which are thePublicity and Promotion Division and the Publication Division; the IT and Archive Division; andthe Administration and Finance Division.Disseminating Government InformationThe GCS has also established the Information Broadcast System (IBS) for local media and accreditedcorrespondents. The IBS facilitates media access to official information and photographs bydistributing them via the Internet. This enables the media to remotely access official informationat any time.During 2012, the Information Department wrote and distributed more than 9,996 press releases,interview notices, important notices, and speeches in Chinese, Portuguese and English; anddistributed 1,426 photographs on behalf of the MSAR Government and its departments.Registration of Periodical PublicationsThe Administration and Accounting Section of the GCS is responsible for registering newspapers,312

Media, Communications and Information Technologypublishers and periodicals. Under the Media Registration Regulations, if a daily publication isregistered but has not been published for 180 days, or if other registered periodicals have not beenpublished for a period of one year or have been suspended for a period of one year, their registrationwill be cancelled. Registration of publications is free of charge.Forty-five new publications were registered with the GCS in 2012, including daily, weekly,biweekly, monthly, bimonthly and quarterly publications. Six new publishers were also registered.The Government PortalThe Government portal (www.gov.mo) was officially launched in December 2004. It offers acomprehensive platform for information and e-services provided by all Government departments.The portal gives the public access to information from various public administrative departments,the Legislative Assembly, courts, the Public Prosecutions Office and tertiary education institutions.Available in both traditional and simplified Chinese, Portuguese and English versions, theGovernment portal provides general information and updates about Macao to local residents, touristsand the business community. The portal covers Government information and announcements, factsheets about Macao, city information, cultural and recreational activities, e-services, legal advice,and comments and complaints from the public.The portal’s objectives are to announce Government policies in a timely manner, enhancecommunication between the Government and the public, maintain administrative transparency,and collect public opinion.Government Printing BureauThe Government Printing Bureau implements the Government’s publishing policy. It is responsiblefor the publication of the Macao Special Administrative Region Gazette (the Macao SAR Gazette)and its supplements; the laws and regulations of Macao (in both separate and omnibus formats);the general budget of Macao and related budgets of Government departments and public bodies;Macao’s accounting records; Government policy addresses; legally defined official forms; and anyofficial printed matter that uses the emblem of Macao. It also undertakes the layout, proofreadingand printing of printed matter that requires special security measures or close supervision.The Macao SAR GazetteSections One and Two of the Macao SAR Gazette are published at 9.00am every Monday andWednesday, respectively; unless either of these days is a public holiday, in which case the pertinentsection is published on the next working day. Announcements of urgent or ad-hoc matters that occuroutside this schedule may be issued in a supplement or special section.Publication of all the following items in Section One of the Macao SAR Gazette is mandatedby law, and they only come into legal effect thereby: laws, by-laws, Legislative Assemblyresolutions, administrative orders and orders approved by the Chief Executive, orders approved byprincipal officials of the Government, international treaties signed in the name of “Macao, China”,313

Macao Yearbook 2013Legislative Assembly election results, the appointment of members of the Legislative Assembly,the appointment and termination of members of the Executive Council, the appointment andtermination of presidents and judges at all levels of the courts and of public prosecutors, as wellas other announcements of appointments and terminations under the law and documents whoseannouncement is required by law.The following announcements must also be made in Section One of the Macao SAR Gazette:1. Amendments to the Basic Law of the MSAR, proposals to amend the Basic Law, andinterpretations of the Basic Law by the authorised entity;2. National laws that apply to the MSAR, and interpretations of those laws by the StandingCommittee of the National People’s Congress (NPC);3. Documents adopted by the NPC and its Standing Committee regarding the MSAR;4. Regulatory documents adopted by the NPC’s Preparatory Committee for the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region, regarding the establishment and operation of the MSAR;5. Documents authorised by the NPC and its Standing Committee and the central government;and orders, instructions and documents issued by the Central People’s Government inaccordance with the Basic Law of the MSAR;6. Documents regarding the appointment and termination of the Chief Executive, principalGovernment officials and the Public Prosecutor-General by the Central People’s Government;and7. The Chief Executive’s annual policy address.The following announcements must be made in Section Two of the Macao SAR Gazette:1. International treaties applicable to the MSAR;2. Agreements on judicial mutual assistance, and mutual exemption of visa requirements bythe MSAR and other countries or regions with the assistance and authorisation of the centralgovernment;3. Judicial mutual assistance agreements signed with judicial authorities in other areas orregions on the mainland;4. Statements and announcements made by the Legislative Assembly;5. Statements and announcements made by the Government; and6. Other documents that are to be announced in this section by law.Since 2000, the Government Printing Bureau has posted the complete contents of SectionsOne and Two of the Macao SAR Gazette on its website (www.io.gov.mo) for public access andinformation. By the end of 2011, the Government Printing Bureau had established an online databasecontaining the full text of 19,800 laws and regulations. This includes all the laws and regulationspublished since the establishment of the MSAR, as well as laws, decree-laws and other regulationsgazetted between 1976 and 19 December 1999 that remain in effect. In 2012, the bureau’s officialwebsite recorded an average of more than 268,000 hits per month.314

Media, Communications and Information TechnologyLaws of the Macao Special Administrative RegionPrior to the establishment of the MSAR, the Government Printing Bureau published MacauLaws. Since the establishment of the MSAR, it has published The Macao Special AdministrativeRegion Laws, a semi-annual reference document that provides easy access to major laws, by-laws,resolutions of the Legislative Assembly and administrative orders published in the Macao SARGazette. The bureau also published a CD ROM, The Macao Special Administrative Region Laws,in Chinese and Portuguese, which consolidates all the laws announced between 20 December 1999and 31 December 2012.Information TechnologyScience and Technology CommitteeThe Science and Technology Committee is a consultative body that advises the Government on theformulation of policies to promote technological development and modernisation.Chaired by the Chief Executive, the Science and Technology Committee was formed withcommittee members including the Secretary for Transport and Public Works, the Secretary forEconomy and Finance, the Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture, the Rector of the Universityof Macau, the Rector of the Macao Polytechnic Institute, the Rector of the Macau University ofScience and Technology, the President of the Macao Foundation, the President of the Board ofDirectors of the Macau Productivity and Technology Transfer Center (CPTTM), the Director ofthe United Nations University International Institute for Software Technology, and the Presidentof INESC Macau (Macau Institute of System and Computer Engineering), plus 20 other memberswho have excelled in the fields of science, technology and innovation, and who are appointed bythe Chief Executive.The Chief Executive has also appointed nine overseas scholars who are renowned in their areasof expertise as advisors to the council. They include Tsung Dao Lee, Lu Yongxiang, Zhu Lilan, LuZhonghe, Hui Yongzheng, Zhu Gaofeng, Charles K. Kao, Li Lianhe and Song Yonghua.Science and Technology Development FundThe Science and Technology Development Fund was established under By-law No. 14/2004 of theMacao SAR and is supervised by the Chief Executive. In line with Macao’s policies on science andtechnology, the fund subsidises the development of educational programmes, research and otherrelated projects. It especially focuses on the following:- Projects that help to promote and enhance knowledge about science and technology;- Projects that improve productivity and competitiveness;- Innovative projects that facilitate the development of the science and technology industry;- Cultural and environmental projects that benefit scientific and technological innovation anddevelopment;315

Macao Yearbook 2013- High-priority technology-transfer projects that enhance socio-economic development; and- Patent applications.Groups eligible to receive subsidies include local universities and academies and their affiliatedresearch and development centres; local non-profit private organisations, laboratories and entities;registered entrepreneurs and enterprises; and individuals involved in research and developmentprojects in Macao.In 2012, the Science and Technology Development Fund spent more than 70.87 million patacasto subsidise 84 science research projects, of which 30 were concluded, yielding a total of 137 theses.The projects also trained 28 master’s degree candidates and 18 doctoral candidates. In terms ofscience popularisation projects, in 2012 the Science and Technology Development Fund received 159applications for total funding of over 14.12 million patacas. The projects involved 6,808 students.Macau New Technologies Incubator CentreCo-founded by the Government and the private sector, the Macau New Technologies IncubatorCentre (Manetic) was established in 2001, marking Macao’s first step towards the development ofinnovative hi-tech industries.Manetic is an incubator centre for new technology. Its major objective is to help turn businessor product ideas into commercial ventures as quickly as possible. Manetic’s targets include:to strengthen technological development in Macao and improve career opportunities for thenext generation; to effectively utilise Macao’s professional resources through cooperation withmultinational companies; and to tap international resources through developing Macao as thetechnological development centre in the Greater China region.Telecommunications ServicesThe objective of Macao’s telecommunications policy is to liberalise the regulation of the publictelecommunications infrastructure and service provision gradually, in order to maximise publicbenefits, create investment opportunities and enhance the competitiveness and long-termdevelopment of the economy and the community. This policy strives to ensure that quality andefficient telecommunications services are always available to the entire community and businessesat reasonable cost and in a non-discriminatory manner. A further goal is network interconnectionand number portability.The Telecommunications LawThe Telecommunications Law (Law No. 14/2001) was gazetted on 20 August 2001. The construction,management and operation of a telecommunications network, and its service provision, are legallydeemed to be matters of public interest, and they can only be undertaken by a public entity or bya private organisation that complies with applicable regulations and demonstrates its businesscapability. In 2012, the Government conducted preliminary consultations with the industryregarding amendment of the Telecommunications Law to accommodate the opening up of Macao’s316

Media, Communications and Information Technologytelecommunication market to enable better development of the industry.Bureau of Telecommunications RegulationUnder the supervision of the Secretary for Transport and Public Works, the Bureau ofTelecommunications Regulation (DSRT) oversees telecommunications and information technologyin Macao.Fixed-network and External Telecommunications ServicesMacao’s fixed-network and external telecommunications services are currently operated byCompanhia de Telecomunicacoes de Macau (CTM) under a franchise contract. In November2009, the Government and CTM signed a revised franchise contract on public telecommunicationsservices, regarding the early opening-up of local and international network rental services, andtransit services. Other franchise services will be completely liberalised in 2012. In December2011, the Government formulated the Regulations on the Provision and Operation of Fixed PublicTelecommunication Networks (By-law No. 41/2011). In 2012, an open tender for the provision andoperation of fixed public telecommunication networks was launched, and the new licences wereslated to be issued by the first quarter of 2013.At the end of 2012, there were 161,752 fixed-network lines in Macao, along with 781 publicpay phones offering local call services and IDD access from public locations throughout the Macaopeninsula and the two islands. Callers in Macao can currently make IDD calls to 246 countriesand regions.Public Mobile and Wireless Communications ServicesThe wireless telecommunications market was officially opened up in 2000, advancing the Macaotelecommunications and information industry into a new era. In the early 2000s, Companhia deTelecomunicacoes de Macau (CTM), Hutchison Telephone (Macau) Company and SmarToneMobile Communications (Macau) were awarded eight-year licences to offer public mobile phoneservices. Kong Seng Paging Ltd. was also granted a virtual mobile operator licence to providepublic mobile telecommunication services, despite not having its own public telecommunicationnetwork and frequency.The Regulation on the Interconnection of Public Telecommunication Networks (By-law No.41/2004), stipulates the establishment of a level playing field for the interconnection of publictelecommunications networks, in order to ensure the implementation of interconnection at anopportune time and at a reasonable cost.In accordance with regulations, in 2005 the Government issued a licence to China Unicom(Macau)1, allowing them to establish a CDMA2000 1X network and provide roaming mobiletelecommunications services. After one year of operation, the company successfully applied to theGovernment for a licence to provide local services.At the beginning of 2006, China Unicom (Macau), Hutchison Telephone (Macau), Comphania de317

Macao Yearbook 2013Telecomunicacoes de Macau (CTM) and SmarTone Mobile Communications (Macau) were grantedlicences to provide public networks for terrestrial third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunicationsand roaming 3G mobile telecommunications services. Citizens could enjoy 3G communicationservices since the second quarter of 2007. The 2G licence of China Unicom (Macau) 1 was revokedat its own request in April 2010; the other three telecom carriers had their 2G licences renewed to8 July 2012. In 2012, the Government decided to extend the use of 2G service to June 2015 andmade corresponding amendments to the 3G licences of Comphania de Telecomunicacoes de Macau(CTM), Hutchison Telephone (Macau) and SmarTone Mobile Communications (Macau) so as toextend their provision of 2G service to that date.As at year-end 2012, the five mobile telecommunication providers had 1,613,457 registeredusers, and per capita cell phone ownership was 279.8 percent.Mobile Communication Service Information2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012No. of radiopaging usersNo. of mobilephone usersNo. ofrechargeablemobilephone cards3,453 2,728 2,513 1,891 2,782 2,780 3,097 3,204 3,101 1,886198,696 228,296 259,336 301,512 356,117 395,943 420,098 459,330 525,209 564,576165,335 204,154 273,422 334,835 438,206 536,653 617,282 662,931 827,985 1,048,881Internet and Broadband ServicesMacao’s internet-enabled population continued to increase at a stable pace. At the end of 2012, therewere 145,120 2 internet subscribers. In accordance with the regulations of By-law No. 24/2002, inNovember 2002 internet service providers (ISPs) were formally included in the licensing mechanism.Currently, 21 companies have been granted ISP licences.CTM began offering internet broadband services in July 2000. By the end of 2012, there were144,297 registered broadband subscribers, an increase of 7,038 or 5.1 percent over the figure of137,259 a year earlier. The Macao peninsula, Taipa and Coloane islands have 100 percent broadbandcoverage.Moreover, the urban wireless broadband network project financed by the Government,commenced in 2009, and began providing services to residents and tourists in September 2010. Atthe end of 2012, there were 132 WiFi Go service spots, and approximately five million successfulconnection instances were recorded.Registration and Management of Internet Domain NamesThe University of Macau’s appointment to manage and register the top-level domain “.mo” for the318

Media, Communications and Information TechnologyMacao SAR ended in 2010. Consequently, in March 2011, the Government launched the MacaoNetwork Information Centre and awarded a service contract to HNET Asia Ltd to administerand operate Macao domain names. In 2012, the DSRT liaised with relevant service operatorsregarding necessary preparation and publicity work to introduce registration services for Chineseand Portuguese domain names.Development of Terrestrial Digital BroadcastingFollowing the global trend of terrestrial digital broadcasting, the number of terrestrial digitalbroadcasting channels provided by Teledifusao de Macau (Macau Broadcasting Company, TDM)increased to 11. To ensure the availability of quality products that meet residents’ needs, and toenable residents to enjoy the programmes aired on Macao’s terrestrial digital broadcasting channels,the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation built the Digital Terrestrial Television Research andTesting Centre, which commenced operation on 20 September 2010, in partnership with MacaoPolytechnic Institute.Radio Frequency Allocation and Coordination with NeighbouringRegionsAfter signing the Mainland China and Macao Frequency Coordination Agreement for Terrestrial,Mobile/Fixed Broadcasting (Audio and Television) in 2002, the two regions have been maintainingstrong linkages in the development of wireless communication services.In November 2012, the State Radio Regulation Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and InformationTechnology and related authorities met to consider coordination of radio communication frequenciesin mainland China and Macao. The parties discussed the cross-border public land mobile networksignal coverage and related measures, mobile network coverage at the new University of Macaucampus in Hengqin and nearby areas, coordination of 3G networks and frequencies, and newdevelopments in telecommunication services and technology.Authentication of Electronic Documents and Digital SignaturesLaw No. 5/2005, which was passed by the Legislative Assembly in August 2005, forms the keylegal basis for regulating and authenticating electronic documents and digital signatures. This lawis essential for the long-term development of e-government and e-commerce. Executive OrderNo. 376/2005 designated the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) as the authorityresponsible for authenticating electronic documents and signatures.Postal ServicesThe Development of Macao’s Postal Services over Three CenturiesSince it foundation on 1 March 1884, the Macao Post Office has operated as a provider of postalservices, complying with international conventions. On the same day, the first Macao stamp, titled“Crown”, entered into circulation. In fact, Macao Post’s history dates back a century earlier, in319

Macao Yearbook 20131798, when sea mail services began.Many new services have been introduced since the establishment of Macao Post. Alongsidetraditional postal services and the Macao Postal Savings, established in 1917, Macao Post tookover the operation of telephone services in 1927. Then, as society developed, these services wereconceded to other entities or public sector bodies. In 1981, the Companhia de Telecomunicacoesde Macau (CTM) took over the operation of telecommunications. In 2000, the Post Office’s roleas the supervisory body for telecommunications services was transferred to the DSRT.The Post OfficeTo respond to rapid technological developments, the Post Office is committed to providingmodern, diversified services. In 2006, the Post Office introduced Electronic Certification Services(eSignTrust), becoming the only certification service provider accredited by the Government. Inthe same year, the Communications Museum of Macao was inaugurated, focused on postal servicesand telecommunications. The museum seeks primarily to serve young people, to satisfy their thirstfor knowledge. In 2008, Secure Electronic Postal Services were introduced. The Electronic PostalCertification Mark is a trusted time stamp service issued on electronic documents to certify theintegrity of document content and its creation time.In 2012, the volume of local mail was three percent lower than that in 2011, mainly becausethe Government delivered mail relating to the Wealth Partaking Scheme only once in 2012 insteadof twice in 2011.As the global economic recovery remains sluggish, the volume of outbound surface maildropped by four percent while the volume of air mail remained the same as the previous year. Asfor the volumes of inbound surface mail and air mail, there was a decrease of three percent and anincrease of four percent, respectively. The main sources and destinations of mail were mainlandChina, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Canada, Portugal, Belgium, the UnitedKingdom and the United States.Regarding registered mail, in 2012 the volume of local mail was three percent higher than in2011. The volumes of outbound international surface mail and air mail increased by 25 percentand two percent, respectively, while the volume of inbound international surface mail remainedthe same. There was a rise of four percent in inbound international air mail.Regarding Express Mail Service (EMS), in comparison with 2011, Macao Post recorded a 10percent increase in the number of outbound EMS items and a 10 percent increase in inbound EMSitems. The chief sources and destinations of EMS items were mainland China, Hong Kong, theUnited States, Taiwan, Japan and Portugal.Secure Electronic Postal ServicesDuring 2011, Macao Post employed electronic registered mail technology to build up a secureelectronic mailbox system. In addition, it completed its study and examination of integratingelectronic postal certification, image scanning technology and fax server technology.320

Media, Communications and Information TechnologyThe electronic postal certification mark has many applications for services such as e-payrolladvice, e-bidding and e-report filing.In the legal sphere, Macao Post is drafting the Electronic Registered Mail Postal Services bylawand provisions to regulate public electronic registered mail services. Regarding internationalcooperation, the Council of Administration (CA) of the Universal Postal Union passed MacaoPost’s proposal to add new provisions on definitions of electronic registered mail postal services andelectronic mailboxes to the Universal Postal Convention, which became effective on 1 January 2012.To promote electronic postal services, Macao Post participated in IT Week 2012 exhibitions,which showcased the electronic document filing system and electronic bidding system developedfrom electronic postal certification technology.PhilatelyThematic philatelic products issued in 2012 included two thematic packs of I ching, Pa Kua, analbum of Literature and its Characters – A Journey to the West, and a philatelic collection of CollectStamps, Learning with Idioms jointly compiled by Macao Post, Guangdong Philatelic Corporationand Hongkong Post. Showcasing valuable Chinese culture, these three philatelic products are idealfor stamp collectors and Chinese culture lovers.Macao Post provides different channels for overseas collectors to purchase philatelic products.Collectors around the world can enter Macao Post’s website (www.macaupost.gov.mo) to obtainthe most recent philatelic information and enrol in the Collector’s Plan Subscription. They can alsopurchase philatelic products directly from local postal organisations or through authorised dealersin Macao philatelic products.Caixa Economica PostalCaixa Economica Postal (Postal Savings Office or CEP) is a credit institution operated by theMacao Post Office that serves as the post office’s cashier. It also provides a wide range of bankrelated services, such as credit facilities, remittance services for the public and electronic payments.In terms of credit facilities, CEP chiefly provides civil servants and employees of public servicesand private companies who sign an employee credit service agreement with guaranteed short-termcredit. In 2012, CEP approved loans worth nearly 194 million patacas.CEP and Western Union also jointly provide an express money transfer service. Using itsadvanced IT, global computerised money transfer system and counter network, customers cantransfer money safely to over 200 countries and regions within a few minutes. There were over30,000 transactions in 2012. There are currently nine outlets for this service, at CEP, Central PostOffice, Airport Post Branch, Ferry Terminal Post Branch, eSignTrust Registration Authority, theCommunications Museum Shop, the Almirante Lacerda Post Branch, the Ocean Garden PostBranch, and the Coloane Post Office.Furthermore, CEP also established an electronic payment platform in 2006. The public can alsoapply for or settle payments of various Government services online in real time. By the end of321

Macao Yearbook 20132012, more than 73,000 people had settled payments via the platform.eSignTrustAs the only authentication entity approved by the Government, eSignTrust has been providingcitizens, corporations and Government departments with online identity authentication servicessince it commenced operation in 2006. An electronic document signed by the user, and with qualifiedelectronic certification provided by eSignTrust services, will have legal effect.In 2012, to achieve the objectives of the Eighth Supplementary Protocol to the Mainland andMacao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement on the development of pilot applications ofmutual recognition of electronic signature certificates in Macao and Guangdong, Macao Post, theDepartment of Information Security Coordination of the Ministry of Industry and InformationTechnology, the Economic and Information Commission of Guangdong Province and the Bureauof Telecommunications Regulation established a working group to provide suggestions on theframework for the mutual recognition of certificates issued by Guangdong and Macao to facilitatefuture planning and implementation.1In line with the reconstruction of mainland China’s telecommunications industry, China Telecom has officiallyacquired the CDMA mobile telephone network and business of China Unicom. China Unicom (Macao) Limited wasofficially renamed China Telecom (Macau) Co Ltd on 27 November 2008, when the legal procedures involved in thechanges were completed.2According to the results of the 2011 population census, the number of households at year-end was 172,600 (excludingcollective households in hotel and hostel services).322

Media, Communications and Information TechnologyCommunications Museum of MacaoOpened on 1 March 2006, the Communications Museum of Macao promotes philately and Macao stamps to local residentsand visitors.323

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Macao Yearbook 2013

LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSING AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesLand, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesUrban PlanningTo satisfy the needs arising from Macao’s rapid urban development, the Government has drawn upa long-term plan for major infrastructure, traffic and transportation and other urban developmentprojects, under the policymaking principles of “putting people first” and “sustainable development”.This aims to upgrade infrastructure, transportation and related facilities and improve the qualityof life of the community.Lands, Public Works and Transport BureauThe Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau (DSSOPT) is a public administrative authority thatprovides support to other branches of government in matters of land utilisation and management,urban planning, infrastructure, and basic services. It strives to develop Macao into a sustainablemodern city with a favourable environment for both living and working.In 2012, the DSSOPT actively promoted projects under the Guangdong-Macao CooperationFramework Agreement, which included compiling the Action Plan for the Bay Area of the PearlRiver Estuary, the Plan for the Coordinated Development of Macao and Zhuhai, and the WesternPearl River Delta Development Plan. The DSSOPT also published a digest of the second-phasepublic consultation on the Master Plan for Macao’s New Districts, following completion of theconsultation, and held exchange sessions and expert forums in the second half of the year. Thethird-phase of the public consultation would be launched by the end of 2013, to enrich the plan.In 2012, the DSSOPT continued to launch and follow up on various plans for smaller areas andstudies on key projects. These included detailed planning of the shipyard at Lai Chi Vun, Coloane;planning of Hac Sa Village in Coloane; the overall conceptual urban design of the Border Gatecheckpoint and its surrounding environment; the plan for urbanisation of Seac Pai Van in Coloane;the overall urban design of A-Ma district; the Inner Harbour redevelopment plan; the overall planfor the heart of the Historic Centre (Ruins of St Paul’s); a planning study for northwest Macao;a study on the Urban Climatic Map of Macao; a study on the adaptive re-use of the area aroundLilau Square and the Mandarin’s House; a land categorisation study; and an in-depth study onland utilisation.Regarding the management of urbanisation: the DSSOPT created 290 street alignment charts,of which 218 are for streets on the Macao Peninsula, 37 for streets on Taipa, and 35 for streets onColoane. In addition, it sent out 492 proposals regarding construction plans.Construction Companies and ContractorsAccording to statistics from the Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau, the numbers ofconstruction contractors and construction companies that have either registered or renewed theirregistrations by the end of 2012 were as follows:329

Macao Yearbook 2013Category New registration Renewed registration TotalConstruction Contractors 17 164 181Companies (construction) 175 592 736Companies (fire) 6 53 5,539Companies (gas) 13 6 19Total 180 815 995Engineers and ArchitectsAccording to statistics from the Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau, the numbers of architectsand engineers that had registered or renewed their registrations by the end of 2012 were as follows:CategoryNew registrationRenewedregistrationTotalArchitect 69 197 266Engineer (urban construction) 251 577 828Engineer (gas) 7 20 27Engineering Technician 5 19 24Total 332 813 1145Infrastructure Development OfficeThe Infrastructure Development Office is responsible for facilitating and coordinating the execution,maintenance, modernisation and development of major construction projects in Macao. It alsoresearches, follows up and develops cooperative construction projects with the Greater Pearl RiverDelta region.The Infrastructure Development Office is responsible for planning and launching a number ofpublic projects. Examples of traffic and transportation projects during 2012 included the TaipaFerry Terminal, the Cotai underground roundabout on the Taipa-Coloane Causeway, Coloane-KaHo Tunnel, a study on the construction of Taipa Grande Tunnel, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.Regarding public housing, a number of projects were expedited to meet the housing demandsof the residents, while public facilities and car parks were also included in these projects in orderto cater to the needs of the community.330

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesProjectsNo. ofresidentialunitsOther facilitiesSeac Pai Van Public HousingEstate8,649 Car park, social facilitiesEdificio do Lago, Taipa 2,703Car parking spaces, motorcycle parking spaces,public transport interchange, dry markets andsocial facilitiesFai Chi Kei Public HousingEstateRua Central De Toi San PublicHousing EstateBairro da Ilha Verde PublicHousing Estate, Lot 1, 2Bairro da Ilha Verde PublicHousing Estate, Lot 37375782,356770Public car park with car and motorcycle parkingspacesPublic car park with a total of about 200 car andmotorcycle parking spacesPublic car park with 1,190 car and 1,600motorcycle parking spaces, bus interchange,commercial and social facilitiesPublic car park with about 400 parking spaces,commercial and social facilitiesHengqin Campus of the University of MacauThe construction of the new campus of the University of Macau (UM) on Hengqin island startedin November 2010, and completed by the end of 2012. Final inspections and preparation for therelocation of UM were made in early 2013.Transportation Infrastructure OfficeOn 1 November 2007, the Government established the Transportation Infrastructure Office,aiming to foster the modernisation and improvement of transportation infrastructure as well as theconstruction of the Macao Light Rail Transit (LRT) System, to provide comfortable and highlyefficient modern transportation for citizens and tourists.After the public bidding and evaluation of bids, the office awarded the contract for the supplyof Rolling Stock and Systems of Macao LRT Phase I to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. on3 March 2011 at a contract value of 4.688 billion patacas.The foundation works of the Light Rapid Transit System (LRT) depot commenced on23 November 2011, followed by the project on the central Taipa section, which commenced on21 February 2012, and later, construction of the Cotai and Taipa terminal sections commenced on13 June 2012. By then the construction of LRT in Taipa was in full swing. Moreover, on 7 August2012 a ceremony was held for the commencement of the construction of the public transportinterchange at Estrada Governador Albano de Oliveira in Taipa.331

Macao Yearbook 2013Infrastructure ProjectsPrivate Construction ProjectsAccording to statistics from the Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau, 30 building projectsproviding 2,443 private flats with a total floor area of 325,050 square metres, 98 commercial unitswith a total floor area of 10,536 square metres, and 2,218 parking spaces in car parks with a totalarea of 73,026 square metres were completed in 2012. Also during the year, construction commencedon 26 private projects providing 2,279 units with a total floor area of 267,093 square metres.Furthermore, by the end of 2012, 30,698 units were pending approval, of which 29,527 wereresidential units with a total floor area of 3,949,147 square metres, 1,163 were commercial unitswith a total floor area of 30,334 square metres, eight were office units with a total floor area of8,340 square metres, and the remainder were industrial units with a total floor area of 57,195 squaremetres, and 32,644 parking spaces in car parks with a total area of 1,000,697 square metres. By2012, a total of 7,636 units were still under construction, of which 7,254 were residential unitswith a total floor area of 991,112 square metres, 246 were commercial units with a total floor areaof 566,441 square metres, 136 were office units with a total floor area of 26,255 square metres,and the remainder were industrial units with a total floor area of 38,250 square metres, and 8,786parking spaces in car parks with a total area of 294,236 square metres.Public Construction and Infrastructure ProjectsTo meet the needs arising from social development, the DSSOPT put forward a number of projects in2012, including the first-phase expansion of the Emergency Service Building and ancillary facilitiesof Conde S. Januario Hospital, the Rua de Francisco Xavier Pereira public housing project, thefirst-phase construction of the new Coloane Prison, construction of the Cheang Kun Ying MemorialHall, maintenance of the Kun Iam Statue, construction of the Pou Tai Social Service Building,installation of barrier-free facilities in the car park at Alameda Dutor Carlos d’Assumpcao, and thefirst-phase construction of a vehicle examination centre in Cotai.With regard to infrastructure, to support implementation of the Government’s public housingpolicy and the plan for urbanisation of Seac Pai Van in Coloane, public drainage systems, and tapwater and recycled water pipelines were built in the area, slope upgrading and greening workswere carried out, and pedestrian footbridges and road-crossing facilities were built in tandemwith the development of public housing estates. Furthermore, basic ancillary facilities includingtwo temporary carriageways and a walkway were constructed near Edificio do Lago (TN27) inTaipa. To facilitate public transportation, road networks were developed. In 2012, Rua Lei PouChon and Avenida do Ouvidor Arriaga were opened to traffic, and Avenida Marginal do Patanewas extended to connect Travessa dos Estaleiros and Avenida Marginal do Lam Mao, providinglinkage between districts.Macao Civil Engineering LaboratoryThe Macao Civil Engineering Laboratory was established in 1988, and is a non-profit public legalbody engaged in science and technology, which is autonomous in terms of technology, budget and332

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public Utilitiesassets. The chairpersons of the Board of the General Assembly and Board of Directors are bothappointed by the Government.The responsibilities of the Macao Civil Engineering Laboratory are to provide civil engineeringand related technical support to the Government, public and private civil engineering firms, andany net value companies in related fields.HousingHousing BureauThe main functions of the Housing Bureau are to ensure the execution of public housing policies,projects and work, as well as to assist with and support the management of the common areas ofbuildings.Home-Ownership Scheme HousingUnder Decree-Law No. 13/93/M of 12 April 1993, the Housing Bureau invited contractorcompanies in Macao to build homes on land granted by the Government under Home-OwnershipScheme Housing Development Contracts, the land-grant contracts between the companies and theGovernment. When a development was completed, some units were reserved for the Government,to repay the costs of concessions and subsidies of land grants. The rest were sold to families onthe Housing Bureau’s waiting list, in accordance with terms and prices stipulated in the land grantcontracts by the bureau.Under Law No. 10/2011 of 1 October 2011, the construction of Home-Ownership SchemeHousing is led by the government and executed by the Housing Bureau or other public authoritiesappointed by the Chief Executive.Rationale for Home-Ownership Scheme HousingHome-Ownership Scheme Housing is intended to assist Macao residents of a particular incomelevel and financial situation to meet their housing needs, and to promote a housing supply that suitsthe practical needs and purchasing power of Macao residents.Eligibility for Home-Ownership Scheme HousingResidents wishing to purchase Home-Ownership Scheme Housing need to file applications withthe Housing Bureau. Applicants must be at least 18 years old or be released from parental authority,and have lived in Macao for at least five years. In addition to a maximum permissible total income,there are strict regulations regarding family financial status. Applicants cannot own any privateresidential property or land including Home-Ownership Scheme Housing, and may not give up aflat received under the Home-Ownership Scheme Housing or sell their purchased Home-OwnershipScheme Housing flat or mortgage subsidy of private property in any form within five years prior tosigning the housing purchase certificate. Multiple applications from one or more family members333

Macao Yearbook 2013are not permitted. Moreover, applicants involved in cases in which the pre-sale contract of theHome-Ownership Scheme housing unit of a family member has been annulled or declared voidover the past two years, or in which an application has been rejected due to false declarations ordeception, were ineligible for re-application.Housing AllocationIn 2012, 8,585 applications were processed, of which 5,431 were allocated Home-OwnershipScheme housing units. At present, there are 3,615 families on the waiting list.Public HousingPublic housing refers to units built by the Government or by private developers on land granted tothem by the Government. Upon completion, a stipulated number of units are handed over to theGovernment for leasing to low-income families and those in adverse circumstances. Methods forthe allocation and management of public housing are governed by By-law No. 25/2009.Public housing is distributed to families of weak financial standing in the form of leasing.Families of weak financial standing are defined as those whose household incomes fall beneaththe legally stipulated levels.Requirements for Applications for Public HousingApplications for public housing will open at a time deemed appropriate by the Housing Bureau.Households applying to lease public housing should fulfil the following requirements: the applicantshould be aged at least 18, have resided in Macao for at least seven years, and be a holder of aMacao permanent resident identity card. The applicant and the members of the household shouldnot be the owner or the appointed buyer of any buildings or independent units during the three yearsbefore the application, the owner or lessee of any private land, the member of another householdwhich have purchased Home-Ownership Scheme housing, the member of another family that wasgranted housing through the regulations of the Home Acquisition or Renting Loan Subsidy Schemeand the Home Purchase Loan Subsidy Scheme, or the member of a family that has been punishedfor violating public housing regulations. In addition, the total monthly income and the total netassets of the household should not exceed the limit stipulated by law.The Upper Limit of Monthly Household Income and Total Net AssetsUnder Executive Order No. 297/2009, the monthly household income and the total net assets ofhouseholds applying for renting public housing should not exceed the amounts in the followingtable:334

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesMonthly Household Income and Total Net AssetsHousehold size(No. of family members)Monthly household income(in patacas)Net assets (in patacas)1 7,570 163,5202 11,840 255,7503 14,640 316,2304 16,510 356,6205 17,870 386,0006 21,080 455,3307 22,440 484,710Granting of Public HousingSince 1996, public housing leases have been awarded through five rounds of open bidding. In2012, 1,943 applications were processed, 666 of which were successful. There are currently 6,207families on the waiting list.In addition to open applications, people seeking public housing may also apply in writing. Inaccordance with By-law No. 25/2009, families facing mental or physical danger in their presentresidences are exempted from the application process and granted public housing directly.In 2012, the bureau received 729 applications under this category. Of these, 4.9 percent weredetermined to fall within its legal definition and were granted public housing.Temporary Subsidies for Families on the Waiting List for Public HousingIn the wake of economic inflation, in September 2012, the Government renewed the Subsidy Schemefor Families Awaiting Public Housing to relieve the housing burden of families on the waiting listfor public housing. A family awaiting public housing with a total monthly income not more thanthe statutory cap is eligible for one of the following: a monthly subsidy of 1,350 patacas for afamily of one or two people; or a monthly subsidy of 2,050 patacas for a family of three or morepeople. In 2012, 224 applications were approved. Together with the 4,536 applications approvedfrom 2008 to 2011 that remained eligible for the subsidies, housing subsidies disbursed amountedto 89 million patacas.Building ManagementAccording to the laws and regulations of the Home-Ownership Scheme, the Housing Bureau is335

Macao Yearbook 2013empowered to monitor and supervise the operation of Home-Ownership Scheme Housing, includingbuilding maintenance and property management. In accordance with relevant laws, the bureau canalso impose penalties on tenants or management entities that violate its regulations.The Housing Bureau also assists owners of Home-Ownership Scheme Housing units withsetting up management committees, for better housing management through direct participationby homeowners. At the end of 2012, there were 54 such management committees. The HousingBureau also assists owners of Home-Ownership Scheme Housing units with resolving disputes aboutbuilding management – providing analyses and advice as a third party, in order to achieve settlementof disputes through reasoning and negotiations. In 2012, it assisted management committees withhandling 1,258 disputes.The Housing Bureau also keeps abreast of all necessary renovation and improvement worksfor public housing. In addition to public facilities of housing estates, it strives to improve indoorfacilities, so as to improve the quality of life of its tenants, particularly for elderly single people.During 2006, the Housing Bureau started to further strengthen the public-area managementfunction of private buildings. By the end of 2012, the bureau had followed up on 1,304 cases.Building Maintenance Fund SchemesTo encourage and help homeowners to perform their duties regarding maintenance of commonbuilding areas, to improve the living environments and enhance the property value of old buildings,in March 2007 the Housing Bureau established the Building Maintenance Fund to provide for privatebuilding maintenance and repair work that ensure safety and adequate levels of environmentalhygiene. Schemes under the funding programme include: the Interest-free Loan Scheme forBuilding Maintenance; Subsidy Scheme for Building Maintenance; Subsidy Scheme for BuildingManagement; Provisional Subsidy Scheme for Common Parts Maintenance of Low-rise Buildings;and Building Maintenance Projects Support Scheme.There were 274 enquiries concerning the various schemes of the Building Maintenance Fundby the end of 2012.Joint Centre for Building Leakage IssuesBuilding leakage caused by blocked drains is a long-standing problem in residential environmentsand is a concern for many residents. Through cross-departmental cooperation among the Lands,Public Works and Transport Bureau, Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, LegalAffairs Bureau and Housing Bureau, along with technical evaluations carried out by the CivilEngineering Laboratory, the Government established the Joint Centre for Building Leakage Issueson 1 February 2009. Led by the Housing Bureau, the centre provides a one-stop platform forfiling and handling residents’ complaints, to address and solve building leakage issues simply andefficiently. By the end of 2012, 1,961 cases had been filed for investigation. With the cooperationof the Housing Bureau staff, property management companies, homeowners’ councils, and theowners of the affected units, 1,048 cases were successfully resolved.336

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesSquatter Area ClearanceTo comply with Macao’s urban planning policies and the reallocation of land use, the HousingBureau is committed to clearing squatter camps and relocating affected residents. In 2012, 23squatters’ dwellings were demolished. By the year-end, 509 squatters dwellings remained, of which229 were on the Macao peninsula and 280 on the two islands.Land ManagementLands CommitteeThe Lands Committee is a consultative body whose work is supervised by the Secretary forTransport and Public Works. The committee is responsible for advising on land use by recipientsof land grants, in terms of legal and contractual obligations. It also advises on:i) Fines or other penalties on land grant recipients who fail to comply with the laws and termsof their contracts;ii) Cases concerning the public use of granted land; andiii) Granting, renewing, renouncing or cancelling temporary land-occupation licences.The Consultative Committee on the Renewal of Macao’s Old DistrictsThe Consultative Committee on the Renewal of Macao’s Old Districts was established underExecutive Order No. 354/2005. The committee is in charge of gauging public opinion at all levelson various issues on redevelopment, as well as producing analyses and making recommendationsto the Government or relevant institutions.Land ConcessionsAccording to the DSSOPT’s statistics, a total of 223,272 square metres of land out of 6117,998square metres of developed floor area was granted in 2012; the total premiums amounted to3,435,807,279 patacas. In all, 48 land grant contracts were signed in 2012. They involved eightaspects of land grants: leases and grants, amendments to leases, amendments to long-term leases,grants of public housing, transferrals, return of land, land designation for public/private use, andunification of the legal system.Most of this land was granted for residential, commercial and industrial uses, offices, hotels,car parks and facilities; land was also granted for other uses. Income from land premiums in 2012totalled 2,900,334,991 patacas. There were no overdue payments in 2012.Water Disposal SystemMacao’s water disposal system includes the independent networks of the Macao peninsula andTaipa and Coloane islands. Specific data are as follows:337

Macao Yearbook 2013Water Drainage Systems in 2012AreaTypeSewagepipingPublic sewer system (metres)RainwaterpipingCombinedpipingFlowinterceptors(rainwaterand sewage)Rainwaterdrains(units)Publicsewageinspectionpit(manhole)system(units)Publicrainwaterpipeoutlets(units)Outletsvalves(units)Pumpingstations(units)Macao 92,656.08 101,900.35 63,071.44 17,127.13 13,757 11,395 170 39 22Taipa 25,981.06 51,027.38 363.94 22,251.83 3,797 3,306 72 18 13Coloane 8,318.39 26,732.09 0.00 14,418.17 2,183 1,095 53 6 13Total 126,955.53 179,659.82 63,435.38 53,797.13 19,373 15,796 295 63 48The Drainage Division of the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau is responsible for cleaningand dredging the drainage systems of Macao, inspecting and monitoring their operations, makingimprovements, and registering relevant information.During 2012, the Drainage Division received 15 complaints regarding street flooding causedby rainstorms. There were 151 complaints about silting of main drains. In 2012, there were 23prosecutions concerning violation of the General Regulations Governing Public Places, and 226subpoenas were issued to illegal polluters.SlopesAccording to the Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau, at the end of 2012, Macao had 193dangerous slopes.Number of slopes / risk High Medium Low TotalMacao peninsula 2 25 52 79Taipa island 0 19 34 53Coloane island 3 24 34 61Total 5 68 120 193338

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesThe Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau and the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau areresponsible for maintaining roadside slopes and slopes in public parks, respectively. In 2012, theLands, Public Works and Transport Bureau carried out nine slope upgrading projects.Surveying and MappingCartography and Cadastre BureauThe Cartography and Cadastre Bureau is supervised by the Secretary for Transport and PublicWorks. It specialises in setting up and maintaining the Government’s Geodetic Control Networkand Geometric Levelling Network. In addition, the bureau supports land-management activities,drafts maps of various types and scales, and maintains the cadastre management.Cadastre ManagementThe Cadastre Division of the Cartography and Cadastre Bureau has operated a cadastral databasesince 1983. The bureau also produces cadastral maps in accordance with the provisions of theCadastre Law (Decree-Law No. 3/94/M issued on 17 January 1994). The division continuouslyupdates and organises related information and strives to improve its management. The Cartographyand Cadastre Bureau launched the Cadastral Information Net in 2008 and an online shop forcadastral maps in 2011.The Cadastre Division also provides survey information from its database to land owners whoneed to re-measure land boundaries for valuation, transaction or development purposes.Land Surveying and CartographyThe Cartography and Cadastre Bureau provides a wide range of land survey and cartography services.It also provides topographical maps at various scales with Chinese and Portuguese footnotes, digitalcartography of Macao, printed aerial survey photos taken in 1941, 1980, 1988, 1993 and 1998,posters, the map of the Macao SAR and its peripheral regions, and thematic maps.In 2012, the Cartography and Cadastre Bureau introduced the new version of Macao SpecialAdministrative Region and Adjacent Regions Map, which includes the entrance of The Guangzhou-Macau Expressway at Jinding Town to the north, Changlanwan at Hengqin to the south, the ZhuhaiBridge to the west, and waters of the Pearl River estuary to the east, covering the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region, Zhongshan, Hengqin, Qiao and the Jiuzhou Islands.GPS Reference StationThe Cartography and Cadastre Bureau opened three Global Positioning System (GPS) referencestations, in Mount Fortress, Alto de Coloane and Taipa Grande on Taipa island in 2002, 2005 and2008, respectively. The reference stations use a dual-satellite system that can receive GPS signalsas well as data from the Russian GLONASS system (Global Navigation Satellite System). Byintegrating signals from these three stations, it is possible to effectively cover the whole of Macao,339

Macao Yearbook 2013further enhancing land, cadastral and engineering surveys of Macao, as well as data collection forthe Geographic Information System (GIS).In 2009, the Macao Satellite Positioning Reference Station Service (www.dscc.gov.mo/mosref)was launched, making satellite reference data officially available to the public, through registration.In addition, an NTRIP (Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol) service was launchedin 2012. Real Time Kinematic (RTK) corrections were provided to professional users through 3Gmobile communication and internet technologies, enabling them to use real-time GPS applicationsaccurate to within a centimetre.Geographic Information SystemIn response to society’s needs, the Cartography and Cadastre Bureau has introduced various kindsof geographic information systems, including the Cadastre Information Web (adastre.gis.gov.mo), acomprehensive land information platform that combines information from various departments onland and buildings. Users can inquire about buildings, locations, drawing easement, street alignment,district planning, property registration and other relevant regulations and orders. In addition, thewebsite contains statistical data, executive procedures and laws related to land. By the end of 2012,the website had received over 280,000 visitors since its launch in 2008.The Macao Online Map (webmap.gis.gov.mo) provides geographical information to meet citizens’everyday needs in traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, Portuguese and English. Users can searchfor all buildings, streets, and various categories of location including government departments, touristspots and banks in Macao. Since its launch in 2001, it has received more than one million visitors.Apart from viewing a map and searching for locations, users of the Macao Map – PersonalComputer Version can also search for the shortest route and driving directions with the electronicroad maps. The geographical information in the Macao Map is updated every half-year, and is freefor citizens and tourists to download.In line with the development of information technology and in response to the demand of thepublic, in 2012 the Cartography and Cadastre Bureau introduced the Macao Map iOS / Android(Apps) and the mobile version of the Macao Online Map. Its major functions include map browsing,searching for landscapes, searching for nearby tourist spots, measuring distances and areas, GPSpositioning, favourite tourist spots and offline caching.The Cartography and Cadastre Bureau also introduced another mobile version of the MacaoOnline Map for common mobile phone web browsers (webmap.gis.gov.mo). Its design is simpleand straight-to-the-point, to help residents and tourists with browsing and viewing Macao maps.The Traffic and Geographic Information Web (traffic.gis.gov.mo) is a cooperative project betweenthe Cartography and Cadastre Bureau and the Transport Bureau, providing locations of roadworksand related traffic diversions in Macao. In addition, thanks to cooperation between the two bureaus,the public can browse the point-to-point map for information about bus stops on the Public BusInformation Station of the Transport Bureau (www.dsat.gov.mo/bus).The website for the Environmental Geographic Information System (http://www.dspa.gov.mo/gis/Default.aspx) was created jointly by the Cartography and Cadastre Bureau and the Environmental340

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesProtection Bureau. The other two participating organisations are the Meteorological and GeophysicalBureau and the Macao Water Supply Company. The system uploads environmental data and relatedprocessed information through the Internet.The Cadastral Information Net – Intranet provides real-time land information for public works,housing, land planning and management, environment supervision and municipal administration. Aswell as information available on the Cadastral Information Net, the intranet provides Governmentdepartments with information such as forms of land use, aerial photos (1980, 1988, 1993, 1998and 2009), land area and housing record codes.Office for the Development of the Energy SectorThe Office for the Development of the Energy Sector (GDSE) was established on 1 January 2005under Executive Order No. 11/2005, and it comes under the supervision of the Secretary for Transportand Public Works. Its purpose is to promote and coordinate all activities related to the energy sector,and thus help to implement the Government’s energy policy. The office’s major functions are toassist the Government in formulating policies for the energy sector; formulate development plansand relating laws and regulations, and follow up on and monitor their implementation; coordinate,promote the study on and monitor the efficiency, impacts on the environment, price and services,and technical regulations of energy products.Electric PowerAccording to the working plan of the Framework Agreement on Cooperation between Guangdongand Macao, the first two 220 kV power cables between Avenida Marginal Flor de Lotus, Cotai andQinyun, Hengqin, went into operation in the middle of 2012, increasing the capacity of electricitytransmissions between Guangdong and Macao by 50 percent. This was the second 220 kV electrictransmission system installed since the power cable system between Canal Dos Patos, Macao andGongbei, Zhuhai, came into operation in 2008, greatly improving the capacity and stability ofpower supplies in Macao.In 2012, the GDSE summarised and analysed the opinions collected during the first-phase publicconsultation on the Electricity Tariff System and the Setting of Electricity Prices. Revisions weremade to the consultation paper to include the proposal for further reducing the electricity tariffscharged to residential users and small and medium sized enterprises, before the second-phasepublic consultation was launched. It was hoped that the new electricity tariff system would beimplemented in 2013, to alleviate the burden of electricity costs on residential users and small andmedium sized enterprises.Furthermore, to ease inflationary pressure and lower residents’ burdens, the Governmentcontinued to offer the electricity fee subsidy, the amount of which was increased from 180 patacasto 200 patacas per month per household.Natural GasOn 27 July 2012, the Government signed a 25-year natural gas supply contract with Nam Kwong341

Macao Yearbook 2013Petroleum and Chemical Company Limited, confirming the gradual introduction of natural gas toresidential, industrial and commercial units, we well as its application in the transport system. Itwas expected that natural gas could be supplied to residents of Seac Pai Van Public Housing Estateand the Hengqin campus of the University of Macau by early 2013; and to Taipa within two yearsat the earliest. It would take five years to complete major natural gas networks covering all Macao.To address the need to allocate and sell natural gas according to different types of users, theGovernment began studying the natural gas price structure and system during the year, in order toset a retail price in 2013 that could facilitate development of the natural gas market and promotemarket competition.Energy ConservationThe Energy Management System under the Public Departments and Organisations EnergyEfficiency and Conservation Programme was implemented by 54 departments, to continuouslypromote energy conservation. Following preparatory work in 2013, the replacement of streetlightsby LED lights would start in early 2013. It was expected that a total of 17,000 LED lights wouldbe installed within five years. Moreover, the Safety Regulations on Solar Photovoltaic GridconnectedSystems were drafted, to regulate the installation and safety of solar photovoltaicgrid-connected system.The Office for the Development of the Energy Sector (GDSE) continued to organise largescalepublicity programmes, such as the fifth Macao Energy Saving Week, the Energy EfficiencyEducational Programme, and the Campus Energy Conservation Programme, in order to promoteenergy saving.Drinking WaterMacao Water Supply Company (Macao Water)The Macao Water Supply Company (Macao Water) was established in 1932, and is privately owned.Sino-French Holdings (Hong Kong) acquired 85 percent of the company’s shares in 1985 andsigned a 25-year water-supply concession contract with the former Portuguese administration. In2009, the contract was extended for 20 years. Today, Sino-French Holdings (Hong Kong) is a jointventure between the French-based Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux Group (a new company formed afterthe merger of the French Lyonnaise des Eaux Group and Suez Group in 1997) and NWS Holdings(a subsidiary of New World Development).Raw Water SupplyMacao’s raw water supply from Zhuhai has two main components: the southern pumping stationopened in 1988 and part of the Zhuyin Pumping Station opened in 2007. The two stations areconnected by the Guangchang Pumping Station. The layout of the whole system is shown in themap below.342

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesZhu Zhou ToupumpingstationZhu YinreservoirFeng Huang ShanreservoirPing GangpumpingstationYue KengreservoirDa Jing ShanreservoirYu ZhouPumpingstationNan PingreservoirZhu Xian DongreservoirShe Di KengreservoirGua Ding Jiaosluice gateHong Wansluice gate and pumpingstationYin KengreservoirOn the map, the red labels mark Macao’s raw water intake. Some 95 percent of Macao’s rawwater comes from the Modaomen estuary of the Xijiang (West River) in adjacent Zhuhai. In therecent decades, to mitigate salinity effects, the raw water intake for Zhuhai and Macao has beenmoved upstream. At the moment, there are five major water intake locations of Macao’s raw water.The blue labels identify reservoirs. Recently, to mitigate salinity effects, the Zhuyin Reservoirwas built in Pinggang and trial operation began in autumn 2011.Zhuhai currently supplies about 234,000 cubic metres of water to Macao each day. In 2012, itsupplied a total of 85.66 million cubic metres of raw water. Other than during occasional salt tidesin winter and spring resulting in a higher degree of water chloride and a slightly higher degree offaecal coliforms in some seasons, the water quality was certified as Grade II, according to mainlandChina’s Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002).Water Treatment, Storage and TransportationMacao’s water treatment capacity increased from 85,000 cubic metres per day in 1985 to 330,000cubic metres at present. The combined storage capacity of Macao’s reservoirs (including the cleanwater pond and high pool in the water treatment works) rose from 17,000 cubic metres in 1985to 120,000 cubic metres at present. A total of 97 percent of all the water pipes laid prior to 1982have been replaced. The total length of pipeline increased from 127 kilometres in 1985 to 513kilometres in 2012.At the end of 2012, the total volume of water stored in Macao’s reservoirs (including the MainStorage Reservoir (the Outer Harbour Reservoir), the Seac Pai Van Reservoir, the Ka-Ho Reservoir343

Macao Yearbook 2013and the Hac Sa Reservoir) was 2.98 million cubic metres, including 1.9 million cubic metres in thereservoir near the Outer Harbour.Macao has maintained a continuous 24-hour water supply since 1982. A total of 84.58 millioncubic metres of water were supplied in 2012, nine percent more than in 2011. The daily averagevolume supplied in 2012 was around 231,000 cubic metres, with a maximum of 258,000 cubicmetres recorded on 21 August. The increase was primarily due to the opening of the casino hotelSands Cotai Central and the high temperature in summer. In 2012, the total capacity of water saleswas 75.28 million cubic metres, with a daily average of 206,000 cubic metres.Testing Water PotabilityThe Laboratory and Research Centre of Macao Water is responsible for water quality testing andanalysis, and ensuring the quality of water supply. Staff from the Civic and Municipal AffairsBureau Laboratory and Macao Water take samples from randomly chosen water supply outlets, inorder to analyse and monitor water quality. Laboratory staff from Macao Water are responsible forsampling water to monitor quality during weekends and public holidays.Since 1985, the quality of Macao’s tap water has reached the drinking water standards ofEuropean countries.In 1997, the Laboratory and Research Centre of Macao Water participated in a quality-controltest administered by laboratories of Lyonnaise des Eaux Group. The Laboratory and ResearchCentre achieved outstanding results and was again awarded reference laboratory status. In 2000, thecentre was awarded a Certificate of Laboratory Accreditation by the China National AccreditationCommittee for Laboratories (CNAL), which is equivalent to ISO 17025. It was only the fourthlaboratory in China’s water supply industry to be so accredited.Customer ServicesMacao Water established a consolidated customer information system in 1999, to handle customerenquiries promptly and properly and support customer services. The company continues to enhanceits services. As well as convenient payment and enquiry services, it also launched the buildingwater supply pipe maintenance service, water-tank-cleaning and water-quality-testing services forbuildings, and offers a waiver of fees for the first five cubic metres of water used by senior citizensand individuals who receive the Social Welfare Bureau’s single-parent or medical subsidies orsubsidies for the disabled. On 1 January 2011, a sliding scale of water charges was introduced.In 2012, Macao Water established a customer service unit, which gather customers’ opinionson the water supply services through personal conversations. By the end of 2012, Macao Waterhad 214,830 customers, including 187,380 households, 25,632 companies and 1,818 governmentinstitutions.Macao Water was awarded an ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management System AccreditationCertificate in 2003, and OHSAS 18001:1999 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systemcertification in 2005. In 2008, it was awarded the ISO 14000 certificate.344

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesPower SupplyCompanhia de Electricidade de MacauCompanhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM) is a public utility company with the sole concessionto generate, transmit, distribute, sell, import and export electricity in Macao.From 1906 to 1972, the electricity supply service was managed by the Macau Electric LightingCompany, headquartered in Hong Kong. In 1972, the company was replaced by CEM.CEM was restructured with the former Portuguese administration’s support in 1982. In 1984,CEM was linked to the primary networks of Macao and Guangdong Province through two 110kV overhead lines. In 2006, a second network that also comprises two 110 kV overhead linescommenced operation, increasing Macao’s standby electricity supply and directly improving thereliability and flexibility of electricity supply services.Comprising two 110 kV power cables, the third Macao-Zhuhai electricity power grid came intooperation in July 2007, and was further upgraded with in June 2008, with 220 kV power capacitiesand 1050 MVA transmitting capacity. In June 2012, the second 220 kV power grid came intoservice. By that time, there were a total of five 220 kV power cables with a transmitting capacityof 1,750 MVA.In November 2010, the Government and the CEM signed a contract stipulating a 15-yearextension to power supply services. The new contract terms came into effect on 1 December 2010.Since 1987, the Government, which was previously the largest shareholder in CEM, has reducedits holding to just eight percent. Currently, 84 percent of CEM’s shares are owned by two majorshareholders: the Sino-French Group which holds 42 percent, followed by EDP Asia which holds21 percent. Moreover, Polytec Industrial Limited and Asiainvest (IP Holding) hold 11 percent and10 percent respectively. China Power International Holding holds six percent of the shares, andlocal shareholders own the remaining two percent.Electricity consumption in Macao increased rapidly during the 1990s. In 1998, CEM decidedto invest in developing Coloane B Power Station, which uses multi-cycle gas turbine technology.In 2012, CEM’s capacity peaked at 757 MW on 28 August, 4.4 percent more than the peakcapacity in 2011.The Macao electricity transmission network comprises 24 primary substations and 281 kilometresof 66 kV high-voltage cables, 110 kV cables and 220 kV cables. The Guangdong-Macao electricitynetwork included two 110 kV cables and two 220 kV cables connecting Zhuhai and Nanping, andGongbei and Zhuhai, respectively.The 11 kV medium-voltage electricity transmission network comprises 35 user substationsand 1,245 user transformer rooms (11 kV / 400 V) connected by cables with a total length of 617kilometres. The low-voltage transmission network is made up of 780 kilometres of cable, whilethe street lighting network comprises 524 kilometres of cable and 16,168 streetlights. Almost allof CEM’s power network comprises underground cables.345

Macao Yearbook 2013Electricity Output and ConsumptionCEM generated 376 GWh of electricity during 2012, a decrease of 49.5 percent over 2011. Theamount of electricity imported from mainland China was 3,855 GWh, an increase of 21.8 percentover 2011, accounting for 88 percent of total electricity consumption; and electricity purchased fromthe Macao Central Incineration Centre totalled 113 GWh. CEM’s sales for 2011 totalled 4,142 GWh.Customer ServicesCEM established the CEM Customer Liaison Committee in 2000. With its 19 members comingfrom 17 different community organisations, the committee serves to reflect public views of CEM’sservices, and to receive and make suggestions for improvement. At the end of 2012, CEM wasproviding services to 229,449 households. The Macao peninsula accounted for 86.31 percent ofthe total customer base, Taipa island 12.99 percent, Coloane island 0.69 percent, and COTAI 0.01percent.346

Land, Infrastructure, Housing and Public UtilitiesPublic housingThe Government expedited public housingconstruction projects in 2012. A total of19,260 public housing units were plannedto be built; of these, 4,189 were completedand 15,071 units were under construction byyear-end. All public housing projects havepublic facilities and car parks to satisfy theneeds of the community.347

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Macao Yearbook 2013

TRANSPORT

TransportTransportRoads and BridgesMacao has 314.5 kilometres of roads and highways, including 183.1 kilometres on the Macaopeninsula, 80.9 kilometres on Taipa island and its reclaimed areas, and 40.6 kilometres on Coloaneisland.Three bridges and a strip of reclaimed land link the Macao peninsula with Taipa and Coloane.Opened to traffic in October 1974, the Nobre de Carvalho Bridge (also known as the Macao-TaipaBridge) is 2.5 kilometres long. The 4.4-kilometre Friendship Bridge was completed in April 1994.The 2.1-kilometre Sai Van (West Bay) Bridge was completed in December 2004 and opened to trafficin January 2005. In addition, the 900-metre Lotus Flower Bridge was completed in December 1999and opened to traffic in March 2000. Linking the reclaimed area between Taipa and Coloane withZhuhai City’s Hengqin island and connected to the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Expressway, this bridge isthe second land route between Macao and its neighbouring cities.Macao has 417.4 kilometres of roads for motor vehicles. This figure includes 199.5 kilometreson the Macao peninsula, 135.4 kilometres on Taipa island and its reclaimed areas, 61.3 kilometreson Coloane island, five kilometres on Nobre de Carvalho Bridge, 10.2 kilometres on the FriendshipBridge, 4.2 kilometres on the Sai Van Bridge and 1.8 kilometres on the Lotus Flower Bridge.Public TransportMacao has a well-established public transport network connecting the Macao peninsula and the twoislands. A variety of vehicles, including buses and taxis, are available for local residents and tourists.Public Bus ServiceThe new bus service in Macao was launched on 1 August 2011. The total number of bus operatorsincreased from two to three. At the end of 2012, there were 677 buses in service, including 230minibuses, 165 medium-sized buses and 282 large buses, on 62 routes. In 2012, a total of 156,749,045passengers were served, an increase of 14.51 percent over the 2011 figure, covering a total distanceof 39,281,688 kilometres, an increase of 23.42 percent over the figure in 2011.The Government signed a seven-year contract with Transportes Urbanos de Macau,Transportes Companhia de Macau and Reolian Public Transport for the provision of massroad passenger transport in Macao. Under the contract provisions, the three companies provideservices, vehicles, equipment, staff and supporting facilities, and receive service chargesspecified in the contract with the Government. All fares paid by passengers were collected bythe MSAR government.Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos de MacauSociedade de Transportes Colectivos de Macau (TCM) (previously known as Companhia deTransporte de Passageiros entre Macau e as Ilhas) originally provided maritime passenger353

Macao Yearbook 2013transportation services between Macao and the two islands. During the 1950s, it acquired severalbus companies that served residents of Taipa and Coloane, and began to operate public buses. In1986, Companhia de Transporte de Passageiros entre Macau e as Ilhas was restructured as TCMand became fully responsible for all public buses serving Macao and its islands.In August 2011, public bus services in Macao began operating under the new government-ledmodel and TCM purchased 63 buses that met Euro IV standards. TCM now has a fleet of 145 busesand operates 13 bus routes on Macao peninsula connecting the Macao peninsula and the outlyingislands. In 2012, it carried over 32.26 million passengers and covered 6.37 million kilometres.Transportes Urbanos de Macau (Transmac)Transportes Urbanos de Macau (Transmac) was previously known as Companhia de AutocarrosFok Lei. Founded in 1952, it was restructured and changed its name to Transportes Urbanos deMacau in July 1988. It is the largest bus company in Macao. The company introduced the ISOQuality Management System in 2004 for overall management, making it the first franchised buscompany in Macao to pass the ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System.Transmac has more than 600 employees and a fleet of 287 air-conditioned buses that serve 21bus routes covering Macao, Taipa and Coloane islands. During 2012, over 66.31 million passengerswere carried and about 16.57 million kilometres covered.Reolian Public TransportReolian Public Transport is a joint venture between Veolia Transport RATP and HN Group.It has a strong management team and technicians with varied expertise from Macao, France,Australia, the US, mainland China and Hong Kong.Reolian Public Transport commenced operation in August 2011, running 26 bus routeswith a fleet of 245 buses. In 2012, it covered about 16.50 million kilometres and carried morethan 57 million passengers.Reolian Public Transport received accreditation for its Occupational Health and SafetySystem. On 8 December 2012, it became the first bus company in Macao to secure OHSAS18001 certification.TaxisAt the end of 2012, Macao had 954 licensed black taxis with cream roofs, plus 100 radio-dispatchedyellow taxis. There were 10,911 licensed taxi drivers.Traffic ManagementTransport BureauThe Transport Bureau was established in May 2008. It is responsible for: studying, planning,354

Transportpromoting and implementing road transport policies of the Government; pursuing roadimprovements; regulation of vehicles; as well as installing, maintaining and improving transportationand pedestrian infrastructure.Vehicle StatisticsAt the end of 2012, there were 217,335 vehicles on Macao’s roads, including 115,623 motorcycles,and 95,063 light vehicles. During the year, 17,621 new vehicles were registered, a slight decline of0.45 percent over the 2011 figure. Of these, 6,833 were motorcycles and 9,068 were cars.Traffic MonitoringTraffic management and monitoring are essential for ensuring the safe and orderly operation ofthe transport system. The Government has installed closed circuit TV (CCTV) and radar speedmonitoring systems to monitor traffic conditions on the Macao-Taipa Bridge and main roads. Theyinclude 30 video cameras and six two-way speed monitoring spots on the Friendship Bridge,65 video cameras, two one-way and one two-way speed monitoring spots on the Sai Van Bridge,and 10 video cameras and two two-way speed monitoring spots on the Ponte Governador Nobrede Carvalho. Also, 157 video cameras, 15 speed monitoring radar units, and 25 sets of electronicsystems with a total of 82 cameras for monitoring vehicles jumping red lights have been installedin various downtown locations. During 2012, the monitoring systems identified 9,752 cases ofspeeding and 1,114 cases of jumping red lights. A further 9,583 cases were identified under theillegal parking monitoring system.ParkingAs at 31 December 2012, Macao had 34 public car parks, which together provide 12,515 parkingspaces for light vehicles, 730 spaces for heavy vehicles, and 8,498 spaces for motorcycles.Public Car Parks in MacaoName of car parkPak Lane Car ParkPak Tou Car ParkPak Lai Car ParkPak Lik Car ParkPak Lok Car ParkAvailable parking spaces519 light vehicles211 light vehicles355 light vehicles417 light vehicles471 light vehicles, 300 motorcycles355

Macao Yearbook 2013(Cont.)Public Car Parks in MacaoName of car parkPak Vai Car ParkPak Kai Car ParkPak Wai Car ParkPak Keng Car ParkPak Ying Car ParkPak Wu Car ParkPak Kong Car ParkSewage Treatment Plant Car ParkVasco da Gama Garden Car ParkIao Hon Park Multi-Storey Car ParkArt Garden Car ParkFerreira do Amaral Roundabout Car ParkHo Yin Garden Car ParkMalaca Street Car ParkTaipa Temporary Heavy Vehicle Parking AreaFlor de Lotus Road Heavy Vehicle Car ParkAvailable parking spaces502 light vehicles208 light vehicles1,019 light vehicles171 light vehicles722 light vehicles682 light vehicles, 196 motorcycles287 light vehicles, 31 heavy vehicles276 light vehicles, 459 heavy vehicles171 light vehicles, 113 motorcycles406 light vehicles, 404 motorcycles351 light vehicles, 446 motorcycles247 light vehicles, 632 motorcycles415 light vehicles, 542 motorcycles215 light vehicles, 563 motorcycles224 heavy vehicles240 heavy vehiclesS. Lourenco Market Car Park 60 light vehicles, 74 motorcyclesMacao Science Center Car ParkLido Car ParkTransport Bureau Car Park415 light vehicles, 413 motorcycles62 light vehicles, 24 motorcycles148 light vehicles, 178 motorcycles356

Transport(Cont.)Public Car Parks in MacaoName of car parkCheng Choi Building Car ParkMong Sin Block Car ParkAlmirante Sergio Road Car ParkFai Fu Building Car ParkFlor de Lotus Road Car ParkTranquilidade Road Car ParkParque Central da Taipa Car ParkThe Taipa Temporary Ferry Terminal Car ParkEdifício Mong In Car ParkTaipa TN27 Edifício do Lago Public Car ParkAvailable parking spaces304 light vehicles, 518 motorcycles133 light vehicles, 236 motorcycles155 light vehicles, 106 motorcycles215 light vehicles, 194 motorcycles416 light vehicles, 512 motorcycles58 light vehicles, 93 motorcycles1,343 light vehicles (including 10 fordisabled), 1,384 motorcycles740 light vehicles, 196 motorcycles143 light vehicles, 242 motorcycles678 light vehicles, 1,132 motorcyclesAs at 31 December 2012, there were 9,309 parking meters for light vehicles, of which 4,630were two-hour parking meters, 4,679 were five-hour parking meters. There were 3,051 non-meteredparking spaces. There were also 40,071 motorcycle parking spaces, of which 222 were two-hourparking meters and 382 were five-hour parking meters.Road SafetyThe Road Traffic Law promotional campaign was held in 2012, jointly organised by the PublicSecurity Police, the Legal Affairs Bureau, the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau, the Lands,Public Works and Transport Bureau, and several non-governmental organisations. It publicisesthe importance of obeying traffic regulations, to strengthen the understanding of laws and senseof road safety among local residents, and thus reduce the number of traffic accidents. The TrafficDepartment of the Public Security Police also teamed up with schools, transportation companies andnon-governmental organisations to stage games and lectures related to road safety. Their objectivewas to reinforce residents’ understanding of road safety by means of long-term educational efforts.During 2012, a total of 5,951 people from 64 schools and 31 other organisations participated in theTraffic Department’s road safety promotional activities.357

Macao Yearbook 2013Cross-border TrafficCross-border Land RoutesTwo land routes link Macao and mainland China: the Border Gate and Lotus Flower BridgeCheckpoint (Cotai checkpoint). The volume of cross-border traffic has grown rapidly, in line withincreasing exchanges between Macao and the mainland.The Border Gate Checkpoint is open to passengers from 7.00am to midnight daily, and for cargofrom 7.00am to 9.00pm (except for authorised vehicles). The Lotus Flower Bridge Checkpoint isopen to passengers from 9.00am to 8.00pm, and for cargo from 8.00am to 8.00pm. The Zhuhai-Macao Crossborder Industrial Zone Border Checkpoint is open 24 hours per day.A total of 4,465,854 vehicles entered or left Macao by land during 2012. The gross weight ofcontainers imported or exported by land was 30,681 tonnes, a decrease of 13 percent; re-exportedcontainers totalled 10,986 tonnes.During 2012, there were 14,829,681 visitor arrivals by land, an increase of 3.1 percent over theprevious year’s figure. Of these, 13,590,514 entered via the Border Gate; tourists from mainlandChina and Hong Kong represented 83.1 percent and 11.5 percent of the total, respectively. Thenumber of visitors who arrived via the Cotai checkpoint was 1,217,618. During the year, there were21,664,342 arrivals of Macao residents via the Border Gate, with 376,552 via the Cotai checkpoint.Cross-border Marine Transportation ServicesThe Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, Taipa Ferry Terminal, and Inner Harbour Ferry Terminalprovide cross-border transportation services for passengers travelling between Macao and HongKong and the mainland. Scheduled passenger ferries to Hong Kong and the mainland are operatedby the Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited; Far East Hydrofoil Company; HongKong-Macau Hydrofoil Company; Shun Tak – China Travel Macau Ferries Limited; Yuet TungShipping Company; and Cotai Waterjets (Macau) Limited.Outer Harbour Ferry TerminalThe Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal commenced operations in 1993. Its two vertical piers provide14 berths for a total of 14 passenger vessels at one time. The main building has a floor area of over6,000 square metres, with a helicopter pad on its rooftop.The Government commenced the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal expansion project in late2006, with an aim of increasing the usable area inside the terminal, easing pressure arising fromthe sharp increase in visitor numbers. The Government installed a self-service clearance system in2009, and from 2009 to 2011 undertook improvement work at public facilities to provide a morecomfortable environment.The operation management contract of the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal ended in Decemberof 2011, and from 21 December the management of the harbour was taken up by the Government.The Government plans to commence enhancement work of the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal in358

Transport2013, through improving the overall layout to streamline passenger flow and luggage transfer, toprovide quality and convenient services to residents and visitors.Taipa Ferry TerminalThe permanent Taipa Ferry Terminal was under construction. It will occupy 144,000 square metreswith 16 berths for ferries, three multi-functional berths and a helicopter pad on its rooftop.Inner Harbour Ferry TerminalThe Inner Harbour Ferry Terminal officially came into service in February 2008, and moved fromTerminal 14 to Terminal 11A which has a gross area of over 1,450 square metres. The ferry terminaloperates routes to and from Wanzai District from 8.00am to 6.00pm.According to the Statistics and Census Service, during 2012, there were 112,691 scheduled ferrysailings between Macao and Hong Kong, and 27,264 scheduled ferry sailings between Macao andmainland China.According to statistics provided by the Public Security Police, during 2012, some 11,484,840passengers arrived in Macao by sea, an increase of 4.2 percent over the 2011 figure. Of these,7,042,005 entered Macao via the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, 541,090 visitors via the InnerHarbour, and 3,901,745 via the Taipa Temporary Ferry Terminal.In 2012, 87,707 containers or 119,927 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) were shipped inand out of Macao by sea, representing increases of 17.10 percent and 17.59 percent, respectively,on the 2011 figures.Cross-border Helicopter ServicesHelicopters are the most convenient way to travel between Macao and Hong Kong. A helicopterpassenger transportation service was inaugurated in November 1990. Jointly operated by HelicoptersHong Kong (Heli HongKong) and East Asia Airlines, the service has reduced the travelling timebetween Hong Kong and Macao to only 16 minutes. It operates from 9.00am to 11.00pm, withscheduled flights in each direction every 30 minutes. In addition, East Asia Airlines began operatingdaily passenger helicopter flights between Macao and Shenzhen in April 2002. In 2012, there were14,920 helicopter flights to and from Hong Kong via the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, and 3,412flights between mainland China and Macao.PortsOuter HarbourLocated on the east coast of the Macao peninsula, the Outer Harbour is designated for scheduledferries between Macao and Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Its watercourse is 120 metres wide and 4.4metres deep.359

Macao Yearbook 2013To streamline the sea passageway to the east of Friendship Bridge, the Maritime Administrationrestructured a fairway off eastern Friendship Bridge leading to the Inner Harbour, making the fairwaystraight and setting up a more advanced system of synchronised flashing beacons.Inner HarbourLocated on the west coast of the Macao peninsula, the Inner Harbour has many piers for loadingand discharging cargo, plus Pier 11A, the ferry terminal, used by passenger ferries licensed by theMaritime Administration. The South Sampan Pier between Piers 8 and 9 is used by crewmembersof ships berthed in the Inner Harbour who hold Macao ID Cards, or who are authorised to landand depart by the relevant Government authority, with prior notice to the Macao Customs Service.The Inner Harbour’s approach channel is 45 metres wide, and its fairway is 55 metres wide and3.5 metres deep.TaipaThe Taipa Temporary Ferry Terminal is situated on the north-eastern tip of Taipa island, and isexclusive for scheduled high-speed ferries shuttling between Macao and Hong Kong, and betweenMacao and the Pearl River Delta area. Its fairway is 120 metres wide and 4.4 metres deep.Ka Ho HarbourLocated on the northeast shore of Coloane island, Ka Ho Harbour consists of the Fuel Oil Terminal,Cement Terminal, Ka Ho Container Port, and Power Plant Terminal. Its approach channel is 75metres wide and 4.4 metres deep.Ka Ho Container Wharf and Fuel Oil TerminalPhase One of Ka Ho Container Wharf commenced operations in December 1991. With a totalconstruction area of 42,000 square metres (now 49,524 square metres), it includes a containerwharf, container yard and warehouses. At present, it has two berths, of 135 metres and 171.4metres in length; a 10,428-square-metre cargo working area; a 23,828-square-metre containeryard; and 2,850 square metres of cargo warehousing space. The terminal’s annual handlingcapacity is 100,000 TEUs.In 2012, Ka Ho Harbour handled 12,905 inbound TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) and11,807 outbound TEUs; both figures include re-exports.The Fuel Oil Terminal commenced operation in June 1995. It can store a wide variety of fueloil imported into Macao, and can simultaneously load and unload two fuel-carrying vessels. It has14 storage tanks with a combined capacity of 86,000 cubic metres.Marine and Water BureauThe Marine and Water Bureau is a department with authorities and duties relating to maritime360

Transportaffairs, and is responsible for exercising its power to promote and coordinate the development ofmaritime activities.To promote and assist economic development of the fishery sector, in 2007 the Governmentpromulgated By-law No. 3/2007 to establish the Fisheries Development and Support Fund.The Marine and Water Bureau also provides port management and services including vesselinspections, pilot services, vessel traffic control, search and rescue operations, hydrographic survey,dredging and port cleaning.ShipsMaritime RegistrationBy law, all vessels engaged in economic activities – including freighters, passenger vessels, fishingboats and auxiliary boats – must be registered with the Marine and Water Bureau and the Commercialand Movable Goods Registry. The registration procedures are designed to verify its conformitywith official requirements concerning technology, safety and environmental protection. Maritimeregistration is a prerequisite for vessels seeking commercial registration. There were 300 registeredvessels at the end of 2012, including six that were newly registered during the year.In addition, maritime and commercial registration is required for vessels over 2.5 metres inlength that are used for non-profit-making purposes, such as water sports, fishing or recreationalactivities. These include ocean-going, coastal, inshore, channel and river pleasure boats. Therewere 107 registered vessels in this category at the end of 2012, including 14 new registrations.Seafarer RegistrationAccording to the law, Macao residents aged 18 or above may apply for seafarer registration with theMarine and Water Bureau. All Macao residents who wish to conduct professional maritime activitieson commercial vessels, auxiliary boats or fishing boats are required to register with the bureaubeforehand. At the end of 2012, a total of 251 people held seafarer’s books issued by the bureau.Maritime Training SchoolThe Maritime Training School is Macao’s only nautical education institution. Its principal objectivesare to provide theoretical and practical training in maritime subjects and harbour management, aswell as related scientific knowledge.Most of the training school’s students are Marine and Water Bureau and Macao Customs Servicestaff members, as well as sailors, fishermen and nautical athletes in Macao. The training schoolalso provides after-school and summer vacation activities for youngsters.The ShipyardThe Shipyard is a department under the Marine and Water Bureau. As well as shipbuilding and ship361

Macao Yearbook 2013repairs, it is responsible for maintaining and repairing Government vehicles, verifying their statusand inspecting them, handling newly purchased vehicles, as well as making and installing vehicleidentification plates. At present, most of the vessels built and repaired at the Shipyard belong tothe bureau and Macao Customs Service. In 2012, the Shipyard monitored the construction anddelivery of an 11-metre hydrographic surveying ship and coordinated the building of a rescue shipfor the bureau. The Shipyard also monitored the construction and delivery of a 30-metre patrolship as well as provided technical support to Macao Customs Service. It has carried out 302 vesselmaintenance projects, of which 229 projects were completed. In the examination, maintenance andrepair of vehicles, the Shipyard carried out 2,151 projects involving 2,694 vehicles.Civil AviationCivil Aviation AuthorityThe Civil Aviation Authority was founded on 4 February 1991, in accordance with Decree-LawNo. 10/91/M dated 4 February 1991. It is constituted as a public institution under the Secretariatfor Transport and Public Works, and it enjoys autonomy over administration, finances and property.It is responsible for directing, controlling and monitoring all civil aviation activities in Macao, andthe operations of all aircraft registered in Macao.Aviation ServiceTo implement its “Open Skies” policy, the Government has adopted a series of measures to enhanceMacao’s civil aviation infrastructure network. Every effort has been made to attract additionalinvestment from domestic and foreign airlines, to promote the use of Macau International Airport,and to enhance the development of passenger and cargo transportation.To increase cooperation with the international aviation community, the Government willcontinue to forge new air services agreements with countries around the world. By 31 December2012, Macao had initialled air services agreements with 47 nations and regions, among which 40had been officially signed.Signatories of Air Services Agreements with MacaoNationSigning dateBrazil 15/07/1994Finland 09/09/1994Austria 04/11/1994Belgium 16/11/1994The Netherlands 16/11/1994362

Transport(Cont.)Signatories of Air Services Agreements with MacaoNationSigning dateLuxembourg 14/12/1994New Zealand 09/03/1995Portugal 31/08/1995Switzerland 05/09/1995Singapore 27/10/1995Malaysia 31/10/1995Thailand 01/11/1995United States 03/07/1996Vietnam 07/08/1996Germany 05/09/1996DPR Korea 08/12/1996Denmark 11/12/1996Sweden 11/12/1996Norway 11/12/1996South Korea 03/04/1997The Philippines 18/07/1997India 11/02/1998Nepal 19/02/1998South Africa 04/04/1998Brunei 24/05/1998United Arab Emirates 06/12/1998Russia 21/01/1999Myanmar 12/03/1999363

Macao Yearbook 2013(Cont.)Signatories of Air Services Agreements with MacaoNationSigning dateAustralia 24/08/1999Poland 22/10/1999Pakistan 15/11/2000Czech Republic 25/09/2001Cambodia 12/12/2001United Kingdom 19/01/2004Iceland 13/07/2004Maldives 16/01/2006France 23/05/2006Sri Lanka 08/06/2006Mongolia 27/06/2006Japan 10/02/2010LaosOmanIndonesiaIsraelGreeceSlovakiaCape VerdeInitialledInitialledInitialledInitialledInitialledInitialledInitialledAs at 31 December 2012, four airlines were registered in Macao and providing flight services:Air Macau, East Asia Airlines, JetAsia and Macau Jet International.Below are details of the fleets and routes that they operated:364

TransportAirline Fleet DestinationsAir Macau 5 x Airbus A319,2 x Airbus A320,7 x Airbus A321,Shanghai (Pudong, Hongqiao),Beijing, Hangzhou, Xiamen,Nanjing, Chengdu, Nanning,Hefei, Chongqing, Taiyuan,Changsha, Ningbo, Taipei,Kaohsiung, Bangkok,Singapore, Seoul, Tokyo,OsakaEast Asia Airlines(Helicopter service)3 x Agusta AW139 Hong Kong, ShenzhenJetAsia(Commercial charter flightservices)Macau Jet International(Commercial CharterServices)2 x Challenger CL600-2B16,2 x Hawker 900XP, 4 xHawker 7501 x Falcon 2000LX1 x Falcon 2000Global destinationsGlobal destinationsThe numbers of pilots licensed by the Civil Aviation Authority, as at 31 December 2012, were:AirlineNumber of licensed pilotsCivil Aviation Authority 2Air Macau 157East Asia Airlines 28JetAsia 6Macau Jet International(Commercial Charter Services)7Total 200Macau International Airport is located at the eastern end of Taipa island and neighbouringwaters. The terminal building was constructed on a rock-cut platform at Ponta da Cabrita, whilethe apron was built on reclaimed land. East of the apron, the air-traffic control building, controltower and ancillary fire station are on Kia Kiong Islet. The runway is on an artificial island linkedto the apron by two taxiway bridges.365

Macao Yearbook 2013The main fire station is on the runway island, next to the oblique taxiway. The airport is within easyreach of the Macao peninsula, the Outer Harbour and Zhuhai via motorway, the Friendship Bridgeand the Lotus Flower Bridge. Commuting time from each of these points is less than 20 minutes.The Macau International Airport handled 4,491,065 passengers during 2012, a rise of 11 percenton the 2011 figure. Its cargo volume was 27,794 tonnes, a decrease of 29.7 percent. A total of 41,997flights took off or landed, an increase of 7.8 percent.Private and commercial air charters saw a steady rise in the number of flights, from 1,010 in2011 to 1,209 flights in 2012, an increase of 19.7 percent.Air Traffic ControlSince it opened in 1995, the airport’s air traffic control system has maintained excellent standardsof service efficiency and flight safety. Air traffic control facilities include secondary surveillanceradar and the Automatic Terminal System. Telecommunications facilities include AMHS andsatellite ground stations, while air-ground communications facilities include a UHF radio station.Macao’s air traffic zone is classified as Category-C under International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) standards. The keyhole-shaped air traffic zone is centred on Macau International Airport.It extends up to an altitude of 3,000 feet and a radius of five nautical miles. The western boundaryis a straight line parallel to and three nautical miles from the runway. To the south, the zone formsa rectangle five nautical miles wide and extending southwards for 10 nautical miles.Macao’s air traffic zone lies between the Hong Kong and Guangzhou flight information zones.All aircraft, including helicopters entering Macao airspace, are supervised by the airport controltower. Arriving and departing aircraft can land or take off from both the southern and northernapproaches. The mainland authorities control air traffic to the north of Macao’s air zone, whiletraffic to the south is controlled by the Civil Aviation Department of Hong Kong. Since traffic inthe Pearl River Delta airspace is busy and complex, the air-traffic control authorities of Macao,the mainland and Hong Kong must work closely together to ensure the safety and efficiency of airtraffic in Macao and the neighbouring air zone.Aircraft NoiseMacau International Airport was constructed offshore and far from residential communities,avoiding the need to install soundproofing. However, to protect Zhuhai from noise pollution causedby northbound flights taking off from the runway, aircraft are not allowed to pass the 230-degreeradial line of Zhuhai’s Jiuzhou omni-directional beacon station.Security at Macau International AirportUnder Decree-Law No. 36/94/M issued on 18 July 1994 and ICAO regulations, the security systemsat Macau International Airport are intended to ensure the safety, normal operations and efficiency ofinternational civil aviation activities at the airport. Security measures and procedures are essential toprotect passengers, crew, airport staff and the public, as well as ensuring the normal, uninterrupted366

Transportoperations of aircraft, facilities and equipment.Responsibility for airport security is distributed among the Civil Aviation Authority, the UnitaryPolice Service, the Macao Customs Service, the Public Security Police, the Judiciary Police, the FireService, the Marine and Water Bureau, the airport itself, Companhia de Seguranca de Macau Lda(SEMAC), the private airport security company, aviation companies and other airport departments.The private airport security company is responsible for implementing the security measures andprocedures formulated by the airport operator, and ensuring that the security measures and procedurescomply with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards and recommendations.Besides, the company provides professional training, certified technicians and advanced securityequipment to perform security checks on passengers, baggage and cargo.Macau International Airport CompanyMacau International Airport Company (CAM) has been appointed by the Government to operateMacau International Airport. It was responsible for the airport’s construction, and it is nowresponsible for its operation. The Government has approved the company’s application in 2001 toextend the period of its franchise by a further 25 years to 2039.367

Macao Yearbook 2013Public bus servicesPublic bus services in Macao have been operatingsince last century. A new bus service model waslaunched on 1 August 2011. The number of busoperators increased from two to three.368

Transport369

Macao Yearbook 2013

GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATION

Geography, Environment and PopulationGeography, Environment and PopulationLocationThe Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) is an integral part of the People’s Republic ofChina. Situated at the mouth of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and bordering on Guangdong Province,Macao is 60 kilometres from Hong Kong, and located at latitude 22º12’40”N and longitude113º32’22”E. Macao time is eight hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. The MSAR consistsof the Macao peninsula and two islands: Taipa and Coloane. Three bridges – Nobre de CarvalhoBridge, Friendship Bridge (Ponte da Amizade) and Sai Van Bridge – link the peninsula to Taipa;while the COTAI Reclamation Area links Taipa and Coloane islands.AreaDue to reclamation along its coastline, Macao’s total land area has grown from 11.6 squarekilometres in 1912, when measurements were first taken, to 29.9 square kilometres in 2012. TheMacao peninsula accounts for 9.3 square kilometres (31.1 percent) of the current area, Taipa islandfor 7.4 square kilometres (24.8 percent), Coloane island for 7.6 square kilometres (25.4 percent),and the COTAI Reclamation Area for 5.6 square kilometres (18.7 percent).Geology and TopographyMacao mainly comprises flat land, terraces and hills. The area of flat land (including reclaimed land)is 20.8 square kilometres, accounting for 69.6 percent of the total; granite hills cover six squarekilometres, or 20.1 percent; and terraces cover 1.2 square kilometres, or four percent. The terracesare historically areas of denudation, extending along St Augustine, Luis de Camoes Garden, the hillbehind Mong Ha Kun Iam Tong Temple, Russa Hill, and the southern part of Taipa island. Theirrelatively small area, low elevation (20-25 metres) and gentle slopes mean that most of the terracesare fully utilised. The remaining land – including reserves, monument sites and forests – occupiesapproximately 1.9 square kilometres, accounting for 6.3 percent of the total land area.The elevation of Macao increases from the north to the south. Guia Hill, in the north, is thehighest point on the Macao peninsula, with an altitude of 90 metres. To the south, Alto de Coloaneis the highest hill on Coloane island, as well as the highest point in Macao, with an altitude of 170.6metres. Taipa Grande, the main peak of Taipa island, has an altitude of 158.2 metres.CoastlineMacao is a typical coastal area, with 50.4 kilometres of coastline, of which 15 kilometres is aroundthe Macao peninsula and 35.4 kilometres is around the two islands.AirPopulation density, scarcity of land, narrow streets and busy traffic all affect Macao’s air quality.However, this is offset to some extent by the low discharge of industrial pollutants. The air quality373

Macao Yearbook 2013is therefore generally quite good. Every winter, a comparatively high level of airborne pollutantsincreases the air pollution index; while in summer the air quality improves, with lower pollutionindex readings, as the convective precipitation of the tropical climate dispels pollutants.During 2012, roadside monitoring stations recorded “good” air quality on 54.1 percent of days,“acceptable” air quality on 38.4 percent of days, and “poor” air quality on 7.5 percent (25 days).In the high-density residential area of the Macao peninsula, the air quality was “good” on 69.7percent of days, “acceptable” on 28.1 percent of days, and “poor” air quality on 2.2 percent (eightdays). Ambient monitoring stations on Taipa recorded “good” air quality on 69.4 percent of days,“acceptable” air quality on 28.7 percent of days, and “poor” air quality on 1.9 percent (seven days).Ambient monitoring stations on Coloane recorded “good” air quality on 90.2 percent of days,“acceptable” air quality on 9.6 percent of days, and “poor” air quality on 0.3 percent (one day).Other than increases in the ozone concentrations and carbon monoxide concentrations recordedat all the monitoring stations, concentrations of other pollutants were equal to or lower than thoserecorded in 2011. Starting from 2 July 2012, the air quality standard of Macao has been raised tothe level of World Health Organization interim target-1, and the concentration of fine suspendedparticulates (PM2.5) was included in measurement. During 2012, all monitoring stations recordedmore days with “poor” air quality than in 2011 except the ambient monitoring station in Coloane.Overall, Macao’s air quality remained good. The annual average concentration of each pollutantwas normal, meeting all the air quality standards.Average Pollutant Concentrations in 2012Monitoring StationRespirablesuspendedparticulates(µg/m 3 )Fine suspendedparticulates*(µg/m 3 )Sulphurdioxide(µg/m 3 )Nitrogendioxide(µg/m 3 )Ozone(µg/m 3 )Carbonmonoxide(mg/m 3 )Roadside 60.2 48.5 --- 64.5 --- 1.16High-densityresidential area ofMacao peninsula52.5 38.1 1.8 38.5 15.5 0.67High-densityresidential area --- --- --- --- --- ---of Taipa island (i)Taipa ambient 50.2 26.7 5.1 20.7 40.7 ---Coloane ambient 48.1 # --- 10.2 36.1 --- ---(i) The station suspends services due to maintenance works* Announcement of suspended particulates concentration starts from 2 July 2012# Calculated with insufficient data374

Geography, Environment and PopulationComparisons between Pollutant Concentrations and(Cont.)the Daily Air Pollution Index (until 2 July 2012)Air qualityIndexRespirablesuspendedparticulates24-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Sulphurdioxide24-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Nitrogendioxide24-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Ozone8-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Carbonmonoxide8-houraverage(mg/m 3 )0 0 0 0 0 050 100 60 80 80 5100 150 150 150 160 10200 350 800 280 350 17300 420 1,600 565 600 34400 500 2,100 750 800 46500 600 2,620 940 1,000 57Comparisons between Pollutant Concentrations andthe Daily Air Pollution Index (from 2 July 2012)Air qualityIndexRespirablesuspendedparticulates24-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Fine suspendedparticulates(µg/m 3 )Sulphurdioxide24-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Nitrogendioxide24-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Ozone8-houraverage(µg/m 3 )Carbonmonoxide8-houraverage(mg/m 3 )0 0 0 0 0 0 050 100 35 40 100 80 5100 150 75 125 200 160 10200 350 150 660 750 350 17300 420 250 1,300 1,500 600 34400 500 350 1,700 2,000 800 46500 600 500 2,120 2,500 1,000 57375

Macao Yearbook 2013Air Pollution IndexAir qualityIndexAir qualitylevel (Macaostandards)0 ~ 50 51 ~ 100 101 ~ 200 201 ~ 300 301 ~ 400 401 ~ 500Good Acceptable Poor Bad Severe HarmfulSymbolNoiseThere are many reasons for noise pollution in Macao. Urban characteristics, such as populationdensity, busy traffic, narrow streets and the large number of high-rise buildings, create conditionsfor noise transmission. In 2012, the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Public SecurityPolice received 5,085 complaints about ambient noise, 654 cases or 14.8 percent less than the2011 figure. The Environmental Protection Bureau received 386 of these complaints, representinga decrease of 72 cases or 15.7 percent compared with 2011; whereas the Public Security Policereceived the remaining 4,699 cases, a figure that was 726 cases or 18.3 percent more than that of2011. Complaints received by the Public Security Police primarily related to people talking, shoutingand being otherwise boisterous (1,718 cases), indoor renovation projects (843 cases), music andTV noise from domestic premises (558 cases), playing mahjong (233 cases), industrial or civilconstruction projects (294 cases), hitting objects (212 cases), factory and machinery noise (178cases), and commercial music and karaoke (138 cases). These accounted for 8.83 percent (4,174cases) of total cases. The numbers of cases related to people talking, shouting and being otherwiseboisterous, indoor renovation projects, outdoor music, and music and TV noise from domesticpremises increased by 47, 131, 64, and 58 cases respectively from the figure in 2011. On the otherhand, numbers of cases related to workshop and machinery noise, moving objects, and playingmahjong decreased by 47, 30, and 11 cases respectively from the figure in 2011.Of the complaints received by the Public Security Police, complaints about disturbances duringthe day-time (8.00am to 8.00pm) accounted for 22.28 percent of the total (1,047 cases), and mainlyresulted from indoor renovation projects, industrial or civil construction projects, machinerynoise, and music from domestic premises. Complaints about night-time (8.00pm to 8.00am) noiseaccounted for 77.72 percent (3,652 cases); and these primarily stemmed from people talking andshouting, music from domestic premises, playing mahjong, indoor renovation projects, hittingobjects, machinery noise, barking of dogs, moving objects, commercial music, and outdoor music.The Environmental Protection Bureau has set up a public services unit and launched a designatedhotline in June 2012 as a permanent platform for public communication.Environmental Noise Monitoring NetworkCurrently, Macao has four environmental noise monitoring stations – three on the Macao peninsula376

Geography, Environment and Populationand one on Taipa island. They conduct round-the-clock monitoring of ambient noise; road trafficnoise; and noise from the mixed industrial, commercial and residential zones, by means of anautomated network. Data on their readings are published monthly on the Environmental ProtectionBureau’s website.Water Quality and Wastewater TreatmentWater QualitySituated at the mouth of the Pearl River, Macao occupies a peninsula and nearby islands facingLingdingyang to the east and the South China Sea to the south; there is a wide expanse of water.Water exchanges resulting from tidal flows dilute pollutants entering the area. The Inner Harbourto the west of Macao is a favourite berthing place for Zhuhai and Macao fishing boats. The sluiceof the Zhuhai Qianshan River lies upstream of the Inner Harbour channel, and when this is closedthe area is partially blocked off. The poor exchange of its waters with the sea results in conditionsin which pollutants can accumulate. When the sluice is open, Macao’s water quality is determinedby the quality of the water in the Qianshan River. Pollutants that have accumulated will then flowto neighbouring waters.In 2012, the Health Bureau continued an inshore waters quality monitoring scheme. The MacaoPublic Health Laboratory of the Health Bureau was responsible for sample collection and inspection,and result analysis and evaluation.During 2012, the monitoring scheme maintained 12 monitoring stations and successfullyconducted eight water sample collections, obtaining a total of 65 water samples.As for monitoring of red tides, the Health Bureau has initiated the red tide outbreak samplingsystem twice during the year, in which four water samples were collected with the help of theMaritime Administration. The outbreaks of red tide were confirmed after inspection of the samplescollected.According to the Water Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Report of Macao Waters 2012, theoverall pollution level of the individual indicators increased 12 percent over the previous year,the two key factors in pollution were inorganic nitrogen and activated phosphorus. Phosphoruscompounds remained as the nutrients affecting planktonic algae outbreaks in Macao’s inshorewaters which still suffered from serious eutrophication. In October, there were red tide outbreaksin Cheok Van and Hac Sa waters, in which the dominant species was Cochlodiniumgeminatum.Monitored waters showed serious signs of non-metal pollution, while metal pollution remained atrelatively low levels. Inner Harbour remained as the most seriously polluted waters which sufferedfrom serious eutrophication. Compared with 2011, the overall water quality of Macao’s inshorewaters became worse, due to more serious metal pollution. However, there was no sign of returningfor the worsening trend of water pollution recorded in recent years.Water Quality Monitoring NetworkThe two water quality monitoring stations at Ilha Verde Dockyard and the Cotai Nature Reservesconduct round-the-clock monitoring of water quality.377

Macao Yearbook 2013Monitoring Drinking Water QualityThe Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau Laboratory is responsible for the public water supplynetwork; inspecting the water quality of public and private water sources and wells; and – ifnecessary – recommending the closure of these facilities in the public interest. It monitors regularlythe quality of water processed by the Macao Water Supply Company, and other water supplynetworks and reservoirs in the territory, so as to ensure whether the quality complies with therequirements stipulated in the Rules and Regulations on Water Supply and Drainage in Macao(Decree-Law No. 46/96/M).Since the Laboratory being awarded the ISO/IEC 17025 Certificate of Laboratory Accreditationby the China National Accreditation Committee for Laboratories (CNAL) (now China NationalAccreditation Service for Conformity Assessment) in 2003, the laboratory has constantly enhancedits analytical performance and improved its quality management system. The laboratory alsocontinued to participate in proficiency tests held by renowned organisations in mainland Chinaand countries including the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. The inspectiontechnology the Laboratory has fulfilled international requirements. Currently, it possesses 150accreditation parameters.Wastewater ManagementThe five sewage treatment facilities in Macao – the Macao Peninsula Sewage Treatment Plant,Crossborder Industrial Zone Sewage Treatment Plant, Taipa Sewage Treatment Plant, MacauInternational Airport Sewage Treatment Plant and Coloane Sewage Treatment Plant – can handle356,000 cubic metres of sewage per day.In 2012, the Macao Peninsula Sewage Treatment Plant handled 58,525,248 cubic metres ofsewage; Taipa Sewage Treatment Plant handled 7,738,189 cubic metres; Coloane Sewage TreatmentPlant handled 7,444,416 cubic metres; the sewage treatment plant at Macau International Airportprocessed 44,939 cubic metres; and Crossborder Industrial Zone Sewage Treatment Plant handled645,246 cubic metres.Reflecting its commitment to the policy of environmental protection, the EnvironmentalProtection Bureau continued to improve its sewage equipment, upgraded equipment in currentsewage treatment plants, gradually increased the capability to treat domestic sewage in Macao andenhanced the quality of treated effluent. During 2012, the expansion project of Macao PeninsulaSewage Treatment Plant commenced, and the addition of a temporary odour-eliminating installation,a hydrogen sulphide monitoring station and an exhaust fan was completed.Waste ManagementSocial development and economic growth have led to an increase in waste. According to the Statisticsand Census Service, the total amount rose by about 41 percent between 2001 and 2011. Most of itcomes from households and commercial and industrial operations. At present, incineration is themajor mode of waste management in Macao, supplemented by landfill dumping.378

Geography, Environment and PopulationCompanhia de Sistemas de Residuos, Lda. (CSR) has been contracted to undertake Macao’swaste collection, urban cleaning operations and the cleaning and maintenance of public wastecontainers, under the Government’s supervision. According to CSR, it collected 290,009 tonnesof waste in Macao during 2012, an average of 794.5 tonnes a day.Waste ClassificationTo step up the programme for sorting and recycling waste in Macao, the number of public collectionpoints was increased to 262 in 2012; 318 bodies (including schools, Government departments,associations and organisations) participated in the reusable waste sorting and recycling programme.The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau cooperated with residential buildings to promote thehousehold waste sorting and recycling programme, and 3,321 buildings took part. During 2012,488 tonnes of waste paper, 32 tonnes of metals and 64 tonnes of plastic were recycled under thisprogramme.Treatment of Construction WasteThe construction waste landfill site is located on Avenida do Aeroporto in Taipa. Since it commencedoperations in March 2006, it has been mainly used for the disposal of inert solid waste producedthrough excavation, demolition, and construction. The solid waste includes debris, cement blocks,soft soil, marine clay, and melted residue. In 2012, the amount of construction waste buried in thelandfill largely increased by 49.6 percent to 2,420,000 cubic metres.Incineration CentreMacao Incineration Centre is responsible for processing all Macao’s household waste. It comprisestwo plants, with a total processing capacity of 1,728 tonnes of waste per day. During 2012, thecentre received 365,680 tonnes of waste, an average of 1,002 tonnes a day. Some solid waste inMacao is collected from the sea by the Maritime Administration.The waste heat produced by the round-the-clock incineration centre can be recovered and usedfor power generation. The power generated by the centre can supply up to 21 MW per hour ofelectricity at full load to the public grid – sufficient to meet the needs of over 33,000 householdsin Macao. During 2012, the incineration centre supplied 112,597 MW per hour of electricity tothe public grid.Automatic Solid Waste Collection SystemThe pilot scheme for automatic solid waste collection in the Areia Preta New Reclamation Zone(NATAP) was established in 2006. The system comprises a number of inlet valves connecting witha network of underground tubes. The waste will be transported by means of air suction to a transferstation between Ponte da Amizade Avenue and Macao Wastewater Treatment Plant, from where itwill be taken by trucks to the incineration centre.379

Macao Yearbook 2013Special and Hazardous Waste DisposalThe Special and Hazardous Waste Disposal Station, adjacent to the Taipa Incineration Centre,commenced operation in 2007. It handles special waste according to the latest European Unionincineration standard, including medical waste, slaughterhouse waste, discarded tyres, carcassesof animals such as horses and dogs, oil residue, and other solid and liquid special wastes. In 2012,the station’s total treatment capacity (including medical waste) was 2,408 tonnes, with discardedtyres comprising 28.8 percent of the treatment capacity.Legislation and Pollution ControlThe Environmental Law (Law No. 2/91/M) gazetted on 11 March 1991 sets guidelines and basicprinciples for the protection of Macao’s environment. Subsequent subsidiary legislation coveringother environmental issues includes Rules and Regulations on Water Supply and Drainage in Macao(Decree-Law No. 46/96/M, 19 August 1996), Prohibition Against Discharging Harmful Substancesin Marine Jurisdictions (Decree-Law No. 35/97/M, 25 August 1997), Provisions on the Import andRegistration of Vehicles Consuming Unleaded Petrol (Decree-Law No. 44/94/M, 22 August 1994),Measures to Control and Minimise the Use of Substances Destructive to the Ozone Layer (Decree-Law No. 62/95/M, 4 December 1995), and Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise (Decree-Law No. 54/94/M, 14 November 1994) and Provisions on the Sulphur Content of Vehicular LightDiesel Fuel Sold in the Macao Special Administrative Region (Executive Order No. 4/2006), theEmission Limits of Exhaust Pollutants by Newly Imported Heavy and Light Motorcycles (By-lawNo. 1/2008), the Table of Parameters of Emission of Exhaust Pollutants for Vehicles with FourstrokeEngines (Executive Order No. 1/2008), and the Standard for Acoustics (Decree-Law No.241/94/M). These laws have been enacted to reduce and control pollution in waste treatment, water,fuel, noise, the atmosphere and light, and to achieve the objective of environmental protection.The Government established the Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Fund withBy-law No. 21/2011, and established the Environmental Protection, Energy-saving Products andEquipment Subsidy Scheme with By-law No. 22/2011.International TreatiesSeveral international agreements and treaties to address global environmental problems have beenmade applicable to Macao. These include Vienna Convention for the Protection of the OzoneLayer; Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; Amendment to the MontrealProtocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; Copenhagen Amendment to the MontrealProtocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change; the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora (CITES); the Convention on Biological Diversity; Basel Convention on the Control ofTransboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and the amendment to theBasel Convention adopted by Decision III/1 in the Third Conference of the Contracting Parties inGeneva on 22 September 1995; the Plant Protection Agreement for the Asia and Pacific Region(with amendments made in 1967, 1979 and 1983); the Stockholm Convention on Persistent OrganicPollutants (POPs); Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain380

Geography, Environment and PopulationHazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; Convention on the Prohibition ofMilitary or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques; International PlantProtection Convention; Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty; and the KyotoProtocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.International treaties on maritime safety related to marine environment protection applicableto Macao include: the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response andCo-operation 1990; International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, asmodified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL); Convention on the Prevention ofMarine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1972) and its 1978 and 1980 amendments;International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001; and Conventionon the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.Environmental Protection BureauThe Environmental Protection Bureau (DSPA) is charged with studying, planning, executing,coordinating and promoting environment policies.Advisory Council on the EnvironmentThe major responsibility of the Advisory Council on the Environment is consulting opinions fromdifferent social sectors regarding Macao’s environmental protection, and providing recommendationson the study, formulation, implementation, coordination and promotion of environmentalpolicies; providing advice on the year plan and activity reports, legislation and stipulation ofrules and regulations regarding environmental protection, the implementation and developmentof Environmental Law and environmental reports; and providing recommendations on measuresconcerning the promotion of environmental protection, education and public participation.Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation FundThe Government established the Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Fund throughBy-law No. 21/2011, and established the Environmental Protection, Energy-saving Products andEquipment Subsidy Scheme through By-law No. 22/2011. Acceptance of applications began on12 September 2011.The objectives of establishing the Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Fund areto subsidise enterprises and community groups in Macao to purchase and switch to products anddevices which protect the environment and save energy, to increase the capability for protectingthe environment; and to introduce environmental protection techniques and devices, in order tofurther enhance environmental protection work and development of the environmental protectionindustry. The start-up fund of the Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Fund was200 million patacas.The Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Fund is supervised by the ChiefExecutive and supported by The Environmental Protection Bureau in terms of technology and381

Macao Yearbook 2013administration. The Fund consists of a managing committee and an accreditation committee.The Environmental Protection, Energy-saving Products and Equipment Subsidy Scheme wasthe first subsidy scheme since the establishment of the Environmental Protection and EnergyConservation Fund. It targets commercial enterprises and social groups. Once a funding applicationis approved, 80 percent of the total cost of purchasing and switching to green products and devicesare subsidised, with an upper limit of 500,000 patacas.In 2012, The Environmental Protection Bureau received over 1,700 applications for subsidies, inwhich over 680 applications were approved, involving subsidies of more than 60 million patacas.Promotion of Environmental Protection EducationThemed with “Building a Low Carbon Macao and Embracing a Green Life”, the EnvironmentalProtection Bureau organised various promotional and educational activities for all levels of thesociety to boost public awareness of environmental protection and to encourage the public to putenvironmental protection into practice.A total of 86,406 people participated in the 125 events the bureau held and supported during 2012,including Earth Day programmes, a series of activities for Macao Environmental Protection Week,a series of activities for World Car Free Day, the Green School Projects: the Second EnvironmentalProtection Teaching Kit Design Award Scheme, Macau Food Festival - Waste Reduction Schemeand the Green Points: Double Fun programme.The Environmental Protection Bureau has formulated and launched its Proposal on Eco-friendlyProduct Specification, providing suggestions on eco-friendly specification on 50 common products,as well as the Eco-friendly Merchandising Guidelines for Public Departments. These two documentsprovide references for eco-friendly merchandising in different sectors. The Environmental ProtectionBureau also extended training programmes for eco-friendly merchandising to green hotels, greenenterprises and green schools.The Environmental Protection Bureau issued the first Macao Green School EnvironmentalProtection Management Guidelines, continued the Public Awareness Survey on EnvironmentalProtection, and strengthened the Green School Project, aiming at promoting environmentalprotection through different media and encouraging residents to adopt a green and low-carbonway of life.The number of participating hotels of the Macao Green Hotel Award increased from eight in2007 to 23 in June 2012, representing 24 percent of Macao hotels and about 46 percent of hotelrooms. Award-winning hotels achieved outstanding performance in different areas, includingenergy saving, water saving, reducing waste, compliance with laws and regulations regardingenvironmental protection, noise control, maintaining indoor air quality, light pollution control,customer and community relation, and eco-friendly merchandising.Regional Cooperation on Environmental ProtectionThe 2012 Macao International Environmental Co-operation Forum (2012 MICEF) was organised382

Geography, Environment and Populationby the Government, supported by the National Development and Reform Commission and theMinistry of Science and Technology and the Environmental Protection Bureau, co-organised byprovincial/regional governments in the Pan-Pearl River Delta (PPRD) area, and hosted by theMacao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute and Macao Environmental Protection Bureau,and was held from 29-31 March 2012. The theme of 2012 MICEF was “Sustainable Cities – TheWay Towards a Green Future”. The event attracted over 8,500 representatives from 28 countriesand regions, with a total of 35 contracts signed during the three-day forum. As for the green forum,experts from around the world actively participated in six official forums with 55 speakers andmoderators from different countries and regions. There were about 1,200 participants for the sixforums. These figures reflects the MIECF functional role as a green platform was strengthened thatit promoted development of environmental protection industry and technology.As for the PPRD region, the bureau participated in the 2012 Coordinator Working Meetingand the 8th meeting of the Joint Conference on Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional EnvironmentalProtection Cooperation, the 7th Fujian Province Environmental Protection Projects Trade Fair anda seminar on automobile exhaust emission control.Appointed by the Environmental Protection Bureau, the South China Institute of EnvironmentalSciences of State Environmental Protection Administration completed a research on waterquality of Macao’s inshore waters, and has commenced a study of the recent implementation andperformance of Macao’s environmental protection planning, as well as the continued study ofpermanent organic pollutants. The bureau also implemented, together with the State EnvironmentalProtection Administration, various projects related to transfer of waste, international conventions onenvironmental protection, nuclear safety information sharing, and emergency information sharing.The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Macao’s Environmental Protection Bureaujointly appointed Tsinghua University to continue two research projects, namely the Demonstrationof Integrated Exhaust Emission Control for Motor Vehicles in Macao and the Demonstration ofElectronic Waste Management and Pollution Control in Macao.In September 2012, the Social Development Department of the Ministry of Science andTechnology, the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Transport Bureau jointly organised aseminar on the development of electric vehicle technology.To implement the Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl RiverDelta (2008-2020), the Department of Housing And Urban-Rural Development of GuangdongProvince, the Environmental Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government and Macao’s Secretaryfor Transport and Public Works jointly announced the Regional Cooperation Plan on Building aQuality Living Area in June 2012.As for cooperation between Guangdong and Macao, the pollution treatment of the Canal dosPatos commenced in 2012. Macao has also joined the Pearl River Delta Regional Air QualityMonitoring Network, and participated in cooperation and exchanges on solid waste treatment,environmental protection industry and environmental education and promotion. The two regionscontinued to jointly organise the World Environment Day Carnival 2012 in Hong Kong, Macaoand five cities in Guangdong Province. The mechanisms of regional pollution information sharingand collaborative prevention, and the Guangdong-Macao Environmental Protection CooperationTask Force have been refined.383

Macao Yearbook 2013Hong Kong and Macao also joined hands in environmental protection. During the year, Macaoattended the 4th Meeting on Environmental Protection Cooperation between Hong Kong and Macaofor sharing of environmental protection policies and technology information. The EnvironmentalProtection Bureau led a delegation of government officials, representatives from organisations andthe industry to participate in the Eco Expo Asia 2012, and set up the Macao Pavilion in cooperationwith the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute.The Zhuhai-Macao Environmental Protection Cooperation Task Force held a working meetingin 2012 to reach consensus between the two regions on thorough treatment of the pollution problemof Canal dos Patos, and promote environmental cooperation in view of the opportunity brought bythe development of new connecting roads between the two regions. The Environmental ProtectionBureau and the Zhuhai Environmental Protection Bureau continued to jointly organise the 2012Macao-Zhuhai Cycling Tour for promotion of low-carbon concept.International Cooperation on Environmental ProtectionThe Environmental Protection Bureau continued to cooperate with the Portuguese EnvironmentAgency in compiling the list of air pollutants and the drafting of the Report on the State of theEnvironment of Macao 2010.The bureau also held workshop on EU’s Experience in Establishment and Implementation ofthe Environmental Impact Assessment System, in which two environmental impact assessmentexperts from the European Union were invited to share their experience.Signing of Cooperation AgreementsThe Environmental Protection Bureau signed a letter of intent for cooperation with the EnvironmentalScience and Engineering Department of Tsinghua University on development of environmentalpolicies, environmental technology research and enhancement of environmental protection capacity.Environmental Protection Planning in MacaoThe Environmental Protection Plan of Macao (2010-2020) was announced in September 2012.The plan consists of four core concepts: sustainable development, low carbon development,public participation and regional cooperation. With a vision of “Building a Low Carbon Macao,Creating Green Living Together”, it aims at improving the living environment of Macao residentsand protecting residents’ health. The plan has three principal themes, namely Optimizing theEnvironment Suitable for Living and Tourism, Promoting a Conservation and Recycling-orientedSociety and Integrating into the Green and Quality Region, of which action plans for 15 areas ofconcern will be established according to priority. Implementation progress of the plan in eachdistrict will be distinctly controlled by district-based and category-based management to minimisethe environmental impact of economic and social development. Moreover, 11 green indicators areestablished as a guideline to the implementation of the plan and realisation of short-term, mediumtermand long-term environmental protection goals. The plan aims at gradual improvement of theenvironment.384

Geography, Environment and PopulationExploration on the Establishment of an Environmental Impact AssessmentSystemThe Environmental Protection Bureau has issued a Discussion Paper on the Establishment of anEnvironmental Impact Assessment System to gather opinions from all sectors. The second phaseof the development of environmental impact system and related works has commenced to facilitatethe progress of environmental assessment systemisation.Indoor Air QualityAfter conducting three phases of studies of Macao’s indoor air quality, the Environmental ProtectionBureau has gathered the information of air quality at various kinds of indoor public places. Uponcompilation and analysis of the data, the bureau has begun formulating guidelines for Macao’sindoor air quality.Establishment of the Environmental Impact Assessment SystemTo ensure the sulphur content of vehicular diesel fuel in Macao does not exceed 0.005 percent,as stated in the Executive Order No. 4/2006, on three occasions – in June, September, andNovember 2012, the Environmental Protection Bureau took samples for analyses and testingfrom fuel pumping stations in Macao, Taipa and Coloane, and the Ka Ho Fuel Oil Terminal. Theresults indicated that the sulphur content in all samples was below the maximum permitted levelof 0.005 percent.During 2012, to combat motor vehicle exhaust emissions, the bureau developed a proposal onthe formulation of Macao Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Standards and Improvements of InspectionSystem and started the related consultation process. During the year, the consultation on theStandards of Unleaded Petroleum and Light Diesel for Motor Vehicles was completed. The bureaualso started its research on the standards and pollutants of kitchen exhaust and other regular sourcesof air pollutions.Complaints and Technical OpinionsThe Environmental Protection Bureau received 749 complaints during 2012. Of these, 313 concernednoise; 286 concerned air pollution; 68 concerned combinations of noise and air pollution; fiveconcerned combinations of noise and other pollution; ten concerned combinations of air and otherpollution; 29 concerned environmental hygiene; and 38 were for miscellaneous reasons.At the request of the Macao Government Tourist Office, during 2012 the Environmental ProtectionBureau conducted 60 inspections prior to granting or renewing industrial licences and assisted innine noise surveys. It provided technical advice in response to written queries concerning 87 licenceapplications filed by karaoke parlours and bars, and one written query on other areas; conductedinspections concerning banning illegal lodgings, and sent officers to 116 related activities. It alsoparticipated in seven factory inspections, providing nine technical recommendations at the requestof the Economic Services Bureau. At the request of the Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau,385

Macao Yearbook 2013it participated in the inspection of two places for evaluation of nuisances and provided 54 technicalrecommendations in response to written queries. At the request of the Civic and Municipal AffairsBureau, it provided 165 technical recommendations in response to written queries. At the requestof the Public Security Police, it assisted in seven noise surveys. It also advised on 14 applicationsto import CFCs, which are controlled substances under Decree-Law No. 62/95/M.ClimateMacao is situated in a subtropical zone, with the Asian continent to the north and a wide tropicalsea to the south. In winter, Macao experiences a north wind, cold and dry weather and low rainfall,due to a cold continental high-pressure system at medium and high latitudes. In summer, Macao ismainly subject to southwesterly winds, hot and wet weather and heavy rainfall, due to the influenceof oceanic tropical weather systems. The reverse of wind directions in winter and summer, togetherwith minimal temperature variations during the day, give Macao a marine monsoon climate.According to the climate normals of World Meteorological Organization (WMO) calculatedwith 30 years of data, the average annual precipitation in Macao between 1981 and 2010 was morethan 2,000 millimetres, with most rainfall occurring between April and September. May had themost precipitation – an average of 363.8 millimetres – while January had the least – an averageof 26.5 millimetres.Macao has an average annual temperature of 22.6ºC. The coolest month is January, when itaverages 15.1ºC. Most years, Macao has a short, cold weather period when temperatures fall below5ºC. The average monthly temperature exceeds 22ºC during seven months of the year, indicatingthat Macao has a short winter but a long summer.Macao is frequently hit by typhoons. The typhoon season starts in May and ends in September,with July and August as its peak period.Weather OverviewGeneral SituationIn 2012, Macao’s average annual temperature and relative humidity were close to average, whilethe total rainfall, total evaporation level and total hours of sunshine were lower than average.Five tropical cyclones affected Macao in 2012. They were: Severe Tropical Storm Talim from17-20 June, Tropical Storm Doksuri from 28-30 June, Typhoon Vincente from 21-24 July, TyphoonKai-tak from 15-17 August, and Typhoon Tembin from 24-27 August. Typhoon Signal No. 8 wasissued as a result of Doksuri and Kai-tak, while Typhoon Signal No. 9 was issued as a result ofVincente.During 2012, 17 strong monsoon warnings (Black Ball) were issued, 10 more than in 2011.Three rainstorm warnings were issued during 2012, one more than in 2011.In 2012, a total of 72 thunderstorm warnings were issued. The first thunderstorm warning wasissued on 5 April, and the last one on 23 November.386

Geography, Environment and PopulationAs for storm surge warning, three yellow storm surge warnings and two red storm surge warningswere issued during 2012.Tropical CycloneWarningSummary of Severe Weather Warnings Issued in 2012Warning / Signal TypeFrequencyNo. of WarningReports IssuedNo. 1 Alert Signal 5 39No. 3 Strong Wind Signal 6 19No. 8 Northeast Gale Signal 1 9No. 8 Southeast Gale Signal 3 20No. 8 Southwest Gale Signal 0 0No. 8 Northwest Gale Signal 0 0No. 9 Increasing Gale Signal 1 3All Signals Lowered 5 5Strong Monsoon Warning (Black Ball) 17 47Rainstorm Warning 3 8Thunderstorm Warning 72 184Storm Surge Warning 3 18TemperaturesMacao had an average annual temperature of 22.3ºC during 2012, which was close to normal.The highest and the lowest average temperature were 28.6ºC in August and 13.0ºC in January,respectively. The hottest day was 21 July, when the temperature rose to 36.1ºC; whereas the coldestday was 25 January, when the temperature fell to just 5.0ºC.Relative HumidityThe average relative humidity during 2012 was 80 percent, which was close to the climate normal.April saw the highest monthly average relative humidity, at 88 percent; whereas the lowest was70 percent in October.RainfallTotal rainfall during 2012 was 1,556.0 millimetres, which was 502.1 millimetres or 24 percent lessthan climate normal. The highest monthly rainfall was recorded in July at 394.4 millimetres, 97.0387

Macao Yearbook 2013millimetres above normal. Also, total rainfall in March was only 18.8 millimetres, 70.5 millimetresless than the climate normal of that month.EvaporationThe total evaporation level in 2012 was 734.4 millimetres, which was 210.7 millimetres less thanclimatological normal. The evaporation levels from January to December 2012 were both lowerthat climatological normal of the same period.SunshineDuring 2012, Macao had 1,545.3 hours of sunshine, 228.6 hours less than normal. The most hoursof sunshine were recorded in July, totalling 235.8 hours, 12.6 hours above normal. The least hoursof sunshine were recorded in February, amounting to only 27.5 hours, which was 51.9 hours lessthan normal. Moreover, there were only 84.1 hours of sunshine in December, which was 75 hoursless than normal.WindDuring 2012, Macao was subject to predominantly easterly winds from May to June, and fromSeptember to October; northerly winds in January, and from November to December; northnortheasterlywinds in February and March; southeasterly winds in April, southerly winds in July,and southwesterly winds in August. Wind speeds averaged 13.2 kilometres per hour.Weather ServicesMeteorological and Geophysical BureauThe Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) is supervised by the Secretary for Transportand Public Works. It provides weather reports, monitors air quality, and conducts research intoclimate, climate change and earthquakes.Apart from hourly real-time weather information, the SMG issues various types of daily weatherforecasts for the public, Government departments and private institutions. These include five weatherreports and forecasts and two marine and weather forecasts for the South China coastal area, all ofwhich are broadcast daily. The SMG provided 1,830 weather reports and 732 marine and weatherforecasts for the South China coastal area during 2012.Every day, SMG officers explain the day’s weather conditions and the forecast for the followingday in telephone reports broadcast on the Macau Broadcasting Company’s (TDM) morning TVprogramme. When Typhoon Signal No. 3 or above is hoisted, the local broadcaster TDM willprovide streaming updates on the latest developments concerning the tropical cyclone. The SMGalso cooperates with Sai Van Bridge Management Company and the Lands, Public Works andTransport Bureau, to display real-time weather information on electronic message boards at bothends of the bridge and some main street junctions. Severe weather warnings are also displayed on388

Geography, Environment and Populationthe electronic boards at Sai Van Bridge.The SMG also issues timely warnings of adverse weather conditions, including tropical cyclones,strong monsoons (black ball), rainstorms, thunderstorms and storm surges. The Rainstorm FloodsAlert SMS Service and the Hot/Cold Weather Alert SMS Service are also introduced by the bureau.A round-the-clock, Automatic Air Quality Monitoring Network and Ultraviolet (UV) MonitoringSystem enable the SMG to summarise daily air quality and UV indices, and report them to thepublic together with an air quality forecast for the following day.The SMG has introduced the Mobile WebWeather Service, the Temperature Index and theMaximum UV Index. To cater for mainland China tourists in Macao, a Macao page was launched onthe China Weather Website in 23 March 2011. Seven-day weather forecast information is uploadedthree times a day to the China Meteorological Administration website.Real-time weather conditions, weather forecasts, and extreme weather warning information areavailable via SMS for registered customers of four mobile phone service providers.The SMG Aeronautic Meteorological Center at Macau International Airport provides half-hourlyweather observations and special reports to aviation organisations and flight crews. The aeronauticalmeteorological documents include meteorological maps for every route, as well as high-altitude airtemperatures, wind maps, and weather forecasts. The centre provided about 19,281 such documentsto departing flights during 2012.Monitoring NetworkThe SMG collects weather data 24 hours a day via its Automatic Weather Station Network of 11weather-observation stations in key locations around Macao. Three of these automatically sendinformation every 15 minutes to destinations worldwide, using the international SYNOP code andthe Global Telecommunications System (GTS). This forms part of the Pearl River Delta Real-timeAutomatic Weather Monitoring Network, which was jointly established to exchange meteorologicaldata by the Guangdong Provincial Meteorological Bureau, the Hong Kong Observatory and theMacao SMG.The SMG also teamed up with the Hong Kong Observatory to establish a substation of the PearlRiver Delta Lightning Location Network in Macao. The system operates around the clock, andprovides real-time lightning information for the Pearl River Delta.Regarding meteorological telemetry: the SMG boasts a VCS MTSAT ground meteorologicalreception and processing system to receive Japanese MTSAT satellite information, a Huayungeostationary meteorological satellite reception and processing system to receive Fengyun 2Esatellite information, a low-level wind profiler, a cloud height meter and three transmissiometers.In 2012, SMG purchased a new CMACast geostationary meteorological satellite ground receptionand processing system, which will operate soon, to replace the old FengYunCast system. A newX-band Doppler weather radar officially began operations in 2011, releasing information to thepublic through the internet. The SMG joined hands with the Zhuhai Meteorological Bureau oninstalling a S-band Doppler weather radar at Jiaoding Mountain in Sanzao Town, Zhuhai, to furtherenhance the meteorological monitoring ability and standard of whether forecast and warning of389

Macao Yearbook 2013both Zhuhai and Macao. The procurement of radar was completed in 2012 and it is planned to beinstalled and tested by early 2014. Also, the SMG has a lightning sensor to monitor lightning inthe skies over Macao and the vicinity.The SMG cooperated with related departments to establish the Water Level and Tide MonitoringNetwork, which includes nine land water level monitoring stations set up on the streets of variousflooding black spots, two tide monitoring stations set up along the coast, and one wave monitoringstation set up in the sea. The network operates 24 hours a day, to provide real time data on floodingand tides.The SMG established the Air Quality Monitoring Project in partnership with other Governmentdepartments. The SMG now employs a fully automated air monitoring network to measure majorpollutants that jeopardise Macao’s air quality. Macao now has six automatic air quality monitoringstations. In 2011, the SMG purchased and modified a vehicle to serve as a mobile air qualitymonitoring station. The SMG is gradually purchasing equipment to install in the vehicle. Moreover,the SMG has adopted a new air quality standard from 2 July 2012, raising the air quality standardto WHO interim target-1.The SMG has two seismological monitoring stations, one in Ka Ho Lighthouse on Coloane, andthe other in its Taipa Grande headquarters on Taipa. An analogue seismograph is installed insidethe Ka Ho Lighthouse, while a digital seismograph and a deep shaft (30 metres from ground level)digital seismograph are installed in the Taipa Grande headquarters. During 2012, the SMG did notrecord any felt earthquake.The SMG’s headquarters is equipped with an environmental radiation monitoring station, mainlyfor detecting Gamma radiation dose rate in the atmosphere and announcing the results on website.Regional and International CooperationThe SMG is a member of the WMO. It actively participates in promoting technology, research,training and applications relating to meteorology. Every year, it sends delegations to meetings,seminars, workshops and training programmes arranged by the WMO, mainland and overseasmeteorological agencies and academic organisations.The SMG is also a member of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. The secretariat of thecommittee moved to Macao in November 2007.The SMG also keenly takes part in meteorological science meetings and exchange activitiesconducted by its mainland and Hong Kong counterparts. In January 2012, the SMG organised the26th Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Seminar on Meteorological Science and Technology andthe 17th Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Meeting on Cooperation in Meteorological Operations,discussing the development of Meteorological technology application.The Workshop on Applications of Space Technology to Enhance the Activities of the TyphoonCommittee was held in Macao in February 2012. It is jointly organised by the United NationsEconomic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), World MeteorologicalOrganization and the Typhoon Committee Secretariat. The workshop was financially supported bythe Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and co-organised by the Macao Meteorological390

Geography, Environment and Populationand Geophysical Bureau. Through training up space application experts, the workshop aims atenhancing the ability of disaster management on space applications for urban flood risk.FloraMacao abounds in plant species. By 2004, researchers from the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureauand the South China Institute of Botany under the Chinese Academy of Sciences had identified 1,508species of flora in Macao. These are mainly found in woodlands, parks and leisure grounds. Mostof Macao’s vegetation belongs to the evergreen broad-leaf woodland, tree, shrub and coastal bushgroups, including such species as Rose Myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), Blood-red Melastoma(Melastoma sanguineum), Oblong leaved Litsea (Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia), Pop-gunSeed (Bridelia tomentosa), Hong Kong Hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica) and Linear Forked Fern(Dicranopteris pedata). The most common species of cultivated plants are the Chinese Hibiscus(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Hong Kong Orchid Tree (Bauhinia blakeana), Sunshine Tree (Cassiasurattensis) and False Groundnut (Desmodium heterocarpon). Also, according to research conducteduntil 2010 by the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau and researchers from the Shenzhen FairylakeBotanical Garden, Macao has 104 species of bryophytes which belong to 34 genera and 63 families.Rare species include Fissidens macaoensis, Kurzia sinensis, Phaeoceroa laevis, Notothylas japonicahorik, Micromitrium and Vesicularia. Fissidens macaoensis is a new species. As it was discoveredin Macao, its Latin name includes the word Macao.A total of 4,045,300 square metres of forest areas were replanted on Taipa and Coloane islandsbetween 1982 and 1995. More than 55 tree species were introduced during the process. Of the 26major tree species in Macao, Taiwan Acacia (Acacia confusa) accounts for the lion’s share, withmore than 60 percent. It is followed by Chinese Gugertree (Schima superba), Schima wallichii,Sweet Gum (Liquidambar formosana), Big-leaved Acacia (Acacia mangium), Sunshine Tree, WhiteBauhinia (Bauhinia variegata var. candida), Camel’s Foot Tree (Bauhinia variegata), Lebbeck Tree(Albizia lebbeck) and Horsetail Tree (Casuarina equisetifolia) are also major species. From theend of 2000, forest areas on Taipa and Coloane have undergone a compositional transformation.A firebreak was set up, and many indigenous tree species were introduced, including MelialeavedEvodia (Tetradium glabrifolium), Hong Kong Gordonia (Gordonia axillaris), Acronychia(Acronychia pedunculata), Morris’s Persimmon (Diospyros morrisiana), India Carallia (Caralliabrachiata), Yanmin (Dracontomelon duperreanum), Persimmon-leaved Litsea (Litsea monopetala),Michelia chapensis, Burmese Rosewood (Pterocarpus indicus), Heterophyllous Winged-seedTree (Pterospermum heterophyllum), Silver-back Artocarpus (Artocarpus hypargyreus), Pinuselliottii×Pinus oaribaea, Common Fig (Ficus carica), Horse-tail Pine (Casuarina equisetifolia),Chinese Holly (Ilex rotunda), Michelia macclurel and Chinese Guger Tree (Schima superba). Thereare 491,845 trees in the outlying islands’ replanted woodlands.By the end of 2008, Macao had 16,231 shade trees, an increase of 601 trees compared with2007. The Macao peninsula is crowded, with many construction projects, especially involvingroad construction, greatly affecting the shade trees. The development of new green areas was alsodifficult, and consequently the growth in the number of shade trees was relatively small.In terms of green belts, the main species of plants in the green belt of Macao are the DwarfYellow (Duranta repens), Chinese Banyan (Ficus microcarpa), Chinese Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-391

Macao Yearbook 2013sinensis), Purple Knight (Alternanthera dentata), Royal Palm (Roystonea regia), Norfolk Island Pine(Araucaria heterophylla), Arachis duranensis, Camel’s Foot Tree (Bauhinia variegata), Canna lily(Canna indica), Duranta repens ‘variegata’, Tall Bottle-brush (Callistemon viminalis), East IndianLotus (Nelumbo nucifera), Sunshine Tree (Cassia surattensis), Chinese Banyan (Ficus microcarpa),Bamboo Palm (Chrysalidocarpua lutescens), Painted Copper Leaf (Acalypha wilkesiana), IndianAzalea (Rhododendron simsii), Nerium Oleander (Nerium indicum Mill.), Kapok tree (Ceibapentandra), and Cotton tree (Bombax ceiba). These are mainly admired for their leaves, ratherthan their flowers.FaunaMacao is small. The development of land and expansion of urbanisation create detrimental effectson the survival and scope of activities of wild animals. The numbers of species and populations ofwild animals in Macao are decreasing. Through continued research on wild animals in Macao, in2012, 12 new bird species, four new fish species and two new bat species were recorded. Whiledevelopment and building cities, we should strengthen protection of the last habitats of wild animals,so that man and nature can coexist in harmony.Amphibians in Macao are declining in numbers. As most of the amphibians need natural watersas their living and breeding space, the scarcity of unpolluted waters in Macao leads to the decreasein the species and numbers of amphibians. The five commonest species are Asian CommonToad (Bufo melanostictus), Gunther’s Frog (Rana guentheri), Brown Tree Frog (Rhacophorusmegacephalus), Paddy Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) and Asian Painted Frog (Kaloulapulchra). In the hilly forest area of Coloane, the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau has constructedartificial freshwater wetlands as a better shelter for amphibians.The commonest wild mammals are bats, rats and red-bellied tree squirrels. Bats mainly inhabitColoane and Taipa. In 2012, two species, Bent-Winged Bat (Miniopterus pusillus) and CommonPipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), were newly recorded, and four suspected cryptic species werediscovered in Coloane by ultrasonic inspection. The Japanese House Bat (Pipistrellus abramus) andShort-nosed Indian Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) can be found on the Macao peninsula. The formerfrequents gaps between buildings and lives on mosquitoes and flies, helping to limit populations ofharmful insects. The latter eat fruits in parks or woods, and may help spread their seeds, contributingto the city environment and natural environment of the woods. The Red-bellied Tree Squirrel isan exotic species, formerly imported as a pet. It is now wild in Macao. Its lack of natural enemiesposes a threat to other animal species, especially birds, as the squirrels eat their eggs.Reptiles, especially snakes, play an important ecological role in controlling the number of rats.However, Macao’s dense population poses an enormous threat to their dwelling and foraging areas.In addition, some people’s misunderstanding and fear about snakebites have caused the number ofsnakes to decrease most significantly among all wild animals in Macao.Previous studies recorded over 300 species of birds in Macao. The Civic and Municipal AffairsBureau has monitored birds since 2006. In 2012, 122 species from 14 orders and 41 families wererecorded, of which dominant species were Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis, terrestrial) andLittle Egret (Egretta garzetta, waterbirds). There were nine common species, of which terrestrial392

Geography, Environment and Populationbirds more than water birds. Among these, five common species were terrestrial birds, includingJapanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus), CommonTailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius), Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) and Chinese hwamei(Garrulax canorus); and four were water birds, including Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus),Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), and ChinesePond Heron (Ardeola bacchus). There were 12 species newly recorded in 2012, including RoseringedParakeet (Psittacula krameri), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), Greater Painted-snipe(Rostratula benghalensis), Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis), Southern Lapwing (Vanelluschilensis), Richard’s Pipit (Anthus richardi), Grey-headed Lapwing (Vanellus cinereus), WhitecrownedForktail (Enicurus leschenaulti), Blue-fronted Redstart (Phoenicurus frontalis), NorthernShoveler (Anas clypeata), Rock Dove (Columba livia) and Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna).After six years of survey from 2006 to present, 208 species of birds from 14 orders and 50families have been recorded.There are abundant stocks of fish in Macao, which can be categorised into saltwater fish, brackishfish and freshwater fish. Saltwater fish and brackish water fish mainly refer to the fish off the coastof Macao. There are approximately 200 species of these fish. Freshwater fish most need protectionin the natural environment. Although the habitats of freshwater fish and amphibians are similar toeach other, the former have a narrower sphere of activities. Whenever the environment is destroyedor altered by human activities, they are often affected most directly. In 2012, four new species werefound, namely Channa striata, Metzia lineata, Pseudogobius javanicus and Mugilogobius chulae.There are over 500 species of insects, which are widely distributed in Macao.Laws Governing Nature ConservationMacao began to enact laws and regulations on nature conservation – including the establishment ofnature reserves and the protection of flora and fauna of special interest – more than 20 years ago.New by-laws were promulgated in 2004 to replace older ones. They are as follows:1. Decree-Law No. 33/81/M, gazetted on 19 September 1981; Decree-Law No. 30/84/M,amended on 28 April 1984; and Decree-Law No. 3/99/M, revised on 25 January 1999, whichdesignated a 196,225-square-metre area of Seac Pai Van Country Park as a conservationarea of outstanding educational, ecological, scenic and scientific value;2. Decree-Law No. 56/84/M, gazetted on 30 June 1984, and Decree-Law No. 83/92/M, amendedon 31 December 1992, which designated the part of Coloane island with an altitude of over80 metres as a conservation area;3. The Environmental Law, approved by the Legislative Assembly on 6 November 1990 andgazetted by Decree-Law No. 2/91/M on 11 March 1991, which set out general guidelinesand basic principles for the formulation of environmental policies;4. General Regulations Governing Public Places (By-law No. 28/2004) enacted on 28 July2004, which established general principles for behaviour to be observed when using andenjoying public places; and393

Macao Yearbook 20135. By-law No. 40/2004 on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Control enacted on 14 December 2004,which defined the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau’s role in the sanitary and phytosanitarycontrol of merchandise.In addition, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna andFlora (CITES), the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the International Plant ProtectionConvention have been made applicable to Macao, thus ensuring that Macao’s nature conservationpolicies conform to international practices.Nature ReserveThe Taipa-Coloane Wetland Reserve managed by the Environmental Protection Bureau is situatedadjacent to the Lotus Flower Bridge in Taipa and Coloane. It has a total area of 55 hectares, includinga 40-hectare bird foraging area that is regarded as zone two of the reserve, on the west coast ofreclaimed area between Taipa and Coloane. Next to this zone is a 15-hectare bird habitat, regardedas zone one of the reserve, which provides different bird species with suitable habitats. During2012, 55 of the rare Black-faced Spoonbill were spotted in the nature reserve.To enhance the ecological function of the ecology conservation zone, the EnvironmentalProtection Bureau carried out an optimisation project in 2012, which includes removing weeds toenlarge the birds’ foraging area in mudflats; building two bird-watching houses, which were openedin February 2012 for the public to watch birds from a closer distance; the paths towards the birdwatchinghouses were set up as nature trails to strengthen the education role of the ecology zone.Country ParksThere are four country parks in Macao: Seac Pai Van Country Park, Taipa Grande Nature Park,Hac Sa Reservoir Country Park, and Ka Ho Reservoir Country Park.Seac Pai Van Country ParkAdjacent to Seac Pai Van Road in western Alto de Coloane, Seac Pai Van Country Park covers anarea of about 198,000 square metres, and provides a wide range of facilities. Its animal facilitiescomprise the Giant Panda Pavilion, a zoo, and an aviary. Its exhibitions facilities feature the GiantPanda Information Centre and the Museum of Nature and Agriculture. Other leisure facilitiesinclude a children’s playground, a large picnic area and a snack bar.Giant Panda PavilionNestled against a hillside, the Giant Panda Pavilion covers an area of about 3,000 square metres,with an appearance designed to resemble nature. The panda living quarters are under a hi-techtranslucent film roof that ensures adequate natural lighting. Both the indoor and outdoor enclosuresof the Giant Panda Pavilion are modelled on the natural terrain of panda habitats, with streamsand cascades, shrubs and trees, a wooden resting platform and rocks for climbing. Everything isdesigned and fine-tuned to the pandas’ needs and comfort.394

Geography, Environment and PopulationTaipa Grande Nature ParkTaipa Grande Nature Park is on the east of Taipa island, and covers a wooded and hilly area of13,000 square metres between Ponta da Cabrita Road, Governador Nobre de Carvalho Avenueand Padre Estevao Eusebio Situ Road. The park houses a native fish breeding zone, 56 sculpturesrepresenting the 56 Chinese ethnicities, Taipa Grande exhibition hall, barbecue area, grass skiingslope, children’s playground and a memorial pavilion for Mr. Henry Fok. It is a multifunctionalpark for relaxation, exercise, environmental protection, education and retreat. It is also an idealdestination for Macao residents to enjoy forest scenery to the full, embrace nature and enrich theirleisure time.Chinese Ethnics Sculpture ParkLocated inside Taipa Grande Nature Park, the Chinese Ethnics Sculpture Park is Macao’s firstethnic-themed sculpture park. It is divided into a sculpture gallery and an exhibition hall. In 2012,it attracted 6,252 visitors.Hac Sa Reservoir Country ParkHac Sa Reservoir Country Park is situated in a hilly forest area on the southeastern slopes of thecentral mountain of Coloane. The park occupies 371,000 square metres between the entrance of theWestin Resort Macau on Hac Sa Road to the east, and Chu Ku Tong pond, in front of Man HongUn, to the south. The Hac Sa aquatic plant zone and aquatic plant watching zone are for ecologicalprotection and education.Ka Ho Reservoir Country ParkKa Ho Reservoir Country Park is situated on the northeast of Coloane island. The park faces KaHo Village to the east, separated by Barragem de Ka Ho Road. Seac Pai Van Reservoir lies to itswest; and the golf course and Alto de Coloane Road lie to its south. It is bordered by a road thatleads to the youth challenge centre in the north; and it stretches all the way down to a wooded andhilly area by the shoreline. Ka Ho Reservoir Country Park has an area of 81.8 hectares.With Ka Ho Reservoir as its central point, the park boasts various facilities, including the Ka HoReservoir Trail, Northeast Trail, Dam Mural, Waiting Square, and Little Spring; as well as barbecue,and picnic areas; the Blossom Bridge; diversity games zone; Ka Ho Reservoir Outdoor ExperimentalCamp; and the Freshwater-Wetland Ecological Zone. With its educational and recreational features,Ka Ho Reservoir Country Park is an ideal place to spend leisure time.PopulationMacao’s resident population was estimated to be 582,000 as at 31 December 2012. This is 24,600more than the revised 2011 figure of 557,400, an increase of 4.4 percent.On the same date, an estimated 48.2 percent of Macao’s population were males, and 51.8 percent395

Macao Yearbook 2013were females. Some 11.6 percent were aged 14 and under, 80.8 percent were between 15 and 64,and 7.7 percent were over 65.Natural factors form one reason for the increase in population. In 2012, there were 7,315 newbornbabies, 25 percent more than in 2011, and 1,841 deaths, a slight decrease of 0.2 percent. The naturalpopulation growth rate was therefore 0.96 percent.Immigration was another factor. Regarding immigration, the number of immigrants was estimatedto be 19,200, including immigrants from mainland China, foreign nationals with legal residencyand non-resident workers, while there were an estimated 1,862 emigrants.Most residents lived in Our Lady of Fatima Parish, composing 39.7 percent of the total population.Birth RateAccording to the revised population index from 2006 to 2012, the natural population growth raterose from 0.5 percent in 2006 to 0.96 percent in 2012; while the gross birth rate increased from0.81 percent of the population in 2006 to 1.29 percent in 2012.Population AgeingAlthough the birth rate has been rising since 2005, Macao’s population is ageing because of thedeclining birth rate and increasing life expectancy. At the end of 2012, 11.6 percent of the entirepopulation was aged between 0 and 14, compared to 11.8 percent in 2011 and 14.8 percent in 2006.Senior citizens aged over 65 made up 7.7 percent of the population, compared with 7.3 percent in2011 and 7.0 percent in 2006. Compared with the 2011 figures, the population of young childrendropped 0.2 percentage points, but the population of elderly residents increased slightly by 0.4percentage points.Identification Services BureauUnder the Macao Basic Law, the MSAR Government is authorised by the Central People’sGovernment to issue MSAR Passports to Chinese citizens who hold MSAR Permanent ResidentID cards, and to issue other types of MSAR travel permits to other legal residents of Macao. MSARPassports and travel permits are valid for worldwide travel, and entitle their holders to return to Macao.The Identification Services Bureau is responsible for the overall planning and operation ofactivities relating to the civil and criminal identification of Macao residents. It issues ID cards andcertificates of criminal record, MSAR Passports, and other travel permits to Macao residents. It alsoissues certificates to substantiate the facts stated in official record, and arranges for the registrationof non-profit juridical persons in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.Personal Identity CardsOnly Chinese citizens who are permanent residents in Macao with the Macao Resident ID card areeligible to apply for an MSAR Passport. A Chinese citizen who is a Macao Resident ID cardholder,396

Geography, Environment and Populationbut not a permanent resident of Macao and not eligible for other travel permits, may apply for anMSAR travel permit.By 31 December 2012, the Identification Services Bureau had issued 376,776 MSAR Passportsand 22,043 travel permits.Under the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Interpretation by theStanding Committee of the National People’s Congress on Several Questions Relating to theApplication of the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China in the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region, any permanent resident of Macao with Chinese nationality and a Portuguesetravel document may travel to other countries or regions with the Portuguese travel document asbefore. Therefore, such people may hold both a Macao SAR Passport and a Portuguese traveldocument at the same time.The Identification Services Bureau is responsible for issuing Visit Permits for Residents of theMacao SAR to the Hong Kong SAR (also known as “Visit Permits to the HKSAR”). Residents ofthe MSAR who are either Chinese or Portuguese citizens and who hold the Macao Resident IDcard or the MSAR Resident ID card may apply for Visit Permits to the HKSAR. The bureau hadissued 393,896 of these up to 31 December 2012.The Identification Services Bureau is also responsible for issuing Macao SAR Resident ID cards.As at 31 December 2012, there were 636,364 Macao SAR Resident ID cardholders. Between1 January and 31 December 2012, 20,785 residents received Macao SAR Resident ID cards forthe first time.NationalityUnder Law No. 7/1999, the Identification Services Bureau is responsible for handling nationalityapplications from MSAR residents, including applications by foreign nationals or stateless personsfor naturalisation; applications by Chinese citizens to renounce Chinese nationality; applications byforeigners who previously had Chinese nationality to restore Chinese nationality; applications byMSAR residents of both Chinese and Portuguese descent to choose either Chinese or Portuguesenationality; and applications by original Macao residents who are Chinese citizens with othernationalities to adopt Chinese nationality.Between 20 December 1999 and 31 December 2012, 796 applications for naturalisation wereapproved; 500 people restored their Chinese nationality; 55 renounced their Chinese nationality;1,109 successfully applied to adopt Chinese nationality; 45 opted for Portuguese nationality; andthere were three applications for change of nationality.Certificate of Entitlement to Right of AbodeA certificate of entitlement to right of abode confirms the status of a permanent resident of theMSAR. Any person who claims to have right of abode in the MSAR but does not hold a validMacao Resident ID card or MSAR Resident ID card and who does not live in any other region ofthe People’s Republic of China (except the Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan) must apply for a certificateof entitlement to right of abode.397

Macao Yearbook 2013Such people include Chinese citizens who have ordinarily resided in Macao for seven consecutiveyears before or after the establishment of the Macao SAR; children of Chinese nationality bornoutside Macao whose parents are Chinese nationals and permanent residents of Macao; people ofboth Chinese and Portuguese descent who have ordinarily resided in Macao for seven consecutiveyears before or after the establishment of the MSAR; and children of Chinese nationality orchildren born outside Macao who have not selected a nationality but intend to reside in Macaopermanently and whose parents are permanent Macao residents of either Chinese citizenship orPortuguese descent.The certificate of entitlement to right of abode indicates its date of effectiveness, prior to whichholders of the certificate have no right to enter or reside in Macao.Between 20 December 1999 and 31 December 2012, the Identification Services Bureau issued61,612 certificates of entitlement to right of abode.Certificate of Criminal RecordIn August 1996, the Identification Services Bureau started to issue certificates of criminal recordand certificates of special record for minors. The former is the sole and sufficient document toprove whether an applicant has any criminal record; while the latter is applicable to those under 16.Between 1 January and 31 December 2012, the bureau issued a total of 92,496 certificates ofcriminal record. Of these, 76,173 were public applications, and 16,323 were agency applications.Among the 118 certificates of special record for minors that were issued, 14 were to individualapplicants, and 104 to public bodies.Immigration ControlsAccording to the Basic Law, the Government may impose restrictions on people from other countriesor regions entering, staying in, and leaving Macao. The Immigration Department of the PublicSecurity Police is responsible for entry and exit in Macao.As at May 2013, citizens of 74 countries and regions enjoyed visa-free access to Macao. Touristswith a valid passport or travel document may normally stay in Macao from 14 days to a maximumof 90 days. In addition, British nationals are allowed to stay in Macao for a maximum of six months.Holders of a Hong Kong permanent resident ID card or a return permit to Hong Kong may stayfor a maximum of one year.PRC passport holders who have right of abode in foreign countries may stay for a maximumof 30 days in Macao.Legal ImmigrationStatistics provided by the Public Security Police show that 4,060 legal immigrants arrived from themainland during 2012, of whom 900 were aged between 0 and 18; 1,949 between 19 and 37; 1,179between 38 and 75; and 32 over 75. Of these, 2,628 were females, representing 64.73 percent of398

Geography, Environment and Populationthe total. Some 68.28 percent and 9.48 percent of the immigrants came from Guangdong Provinceand Fujian Province, respectively.Overstaying and Illegal EntryAccording to statistics provided by the Public Security Police, 37,261 overstayers were repatriatedin 2012. They included 3,603 mainland Chinese, 65 Taiwan residents, 116 residents of the HongKong SAR, 3,062 foreign nationals, and 30,415 voluntarily repatriated mainlanders.A total of 1,151 illegal immigrants were repatriated during 2012, 739 of whom were males and412 were females. A total of 153 people were referred to the Public Prosecutions Office, and 120of these were repeat offenders, and 33 had made false declarations. Some 74 people claimed tohave lost their travel documents.Civil RegistrationThe Civil Registry is responsible for implementing regulations relating to the civil registration ofbirths, parentage, adoption and child custody, marriage agreements, deaths, legal certification ofthe deaths of missing persons, and issuing relevant certified documents.Birth RegistrationThe Birth Registry is responsible for the registration of births in Macao, as well as the re-registrationof births of people aged 14 or over. The Civil Registry should be verbally notified of any birth inMacao by the parents or guardians within 30 days. The registry registered 7,223 births during 2012.Marriage RegistrationThe Civil Registry is responsible for handling applications for marriages, approving marriageregistrations, hosting ceremonies for the signing of marriage certificates and registering marriages.A total of 3,783 marriages were registered during 2012.Death RegistrationFamily dependents or other relatives of a deceased person may register his or her death with theCivil Registry or its staff assigned to the registry’s branches at Conde S. Januario Hospital andKiang Wu Hospital. There were 1,904 death registrations during 2012.Divorce by Mutual ConsentApplicants for divorce by mutual consent must have been married for over one year, have nochildren aged under 18, and have reached agreement on maintenance payments and ownership oftheir present residences. Applications should be submitted to the Civil Registry. There were 612divorce applications during 2012.399

Macao Yearbook 2013Aerial view of MacaoDue to reclamation along its coastline,Macao’s total land area has grown from11.6 square kilometres in 1912, whenmeasurements were first taken, to 29.9square kilometres in 2012.400

Geography, Environment and Population401

Macao Yearbook 2013

RELIGION AND CUSTOMS

Religion and CustomsReligion and CustomsThe Basic Law of the Macao SAR states: “Macao residents shall have freedom of religiousbelief, and freedom to preach and to conduct and participate in religious activities in public.” TheGovernment, consistent with the principle of religious freedom, shall not interfere in the internalaffairs of religious organisations or in the efforts of religious organisations and their believers inMacao to maintain and develop relations with their counterparts outside Macao, or restrict religiousactivities which do not contravene the laws of the SAR.The Macao SAR protects the freedom of religion, worship and belief in general denominationsthrough the Freedom of Religion and Worship Law (Law No. 5/98/M). It states that the MacaoSAR does not recognise a state religion. Its relationships with all denominations are founded on theprinciples of separation and neutrality. The law further stipulates that all religious denominationsare equal before the law.Coexistence of Different ReligionsMacao fully realises the diversity of religions. In addition to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism– the main belief systems of the local community – later arrivals such as Catholicism, Protestantismand Islam coexist in Macao.Adherents of various beliefs participate in religious anniversaries and celebrate their traditionalfestivals in their own distinctive ways. For instance, the Macao Catholic Diocese conducts traditionalreligious processions associated with the Catholic calendar, including the processions of Our Ladyof Fatima, Our Lord of Passion, and Corpus Christi.During Buddhist festivals, crowds of followers worship and burn incense sticks, and recite sutrasfor the enlightenment of all beings. In addition, during traditional Chinese religious festivals, suchas the birthday celebrations for Tin Hau (the Heavenly Queen and Protector of Seafarers), the Godof the Land, the Taoist god Tam Kung and Na Tcha, temples are crowded with faithful devoteesworshipping the gods and offering sacrifices as a sign of respect. Theatrical troupes also stageperformances at temples to amuse the gods and provide entertainment for onlookers.BuddhismBuddhism plays a significant role in Chinese community life. But it is acknowledged that Buddhismis a very general concept in the minds of many Macao residents. It may be mixed with some othertraditional beliefs and customs, such as Confucianism and Taoism. The ongoing constructionof new temples and renovation of existing ones over the years – such as the A-Ma Temple, PouChai Buddhist Monastery and Temple, and Lin Fong Temple – as well as the constant crowds ofworshippers, all bear testimony to the faith’s importance.Most Macao residents are ethnic Chinese who are profoundly influenced by their own traditionand culture, of which Buddhism forms an integral part. Its roots extend deeply and widely intotheir daily lives and customs. There are many Buddhists and Buddhist communities in Macao.The most important of these is the Buddhist Association of Macau, which was established in 1997.405

Macao Yearbook 2013There are more than 40 Buddhist temples in Macao, as well as scores of village templesand houses dedicated to Buddhist deities. The majority of the temples, both large and small,are dedicated to Kun Iam (the Goddess of Mercy), Tin Hau or Kwan Tai (the God of War andsource of righteousness).Following the establishment of the Macao SAR Government, Buddha’s Birthday, which fallson the eighth day of the Fourth Moon, was declared a public holiday.CatholicismThe Macao Catholic Diocese was founded by decree of Pope Gregory XIII on 23 January 1576. Asthe first Catholic missionary centre in the Far East, it was originally responsible for many regions,including China, Japan, Vietnam and the Southeast Asian coastal islands.The first bishop appointed to the Macao Catholic Diocese was the Jesuit Melchior Carneiro.Members of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) had established a mission and a college in Macao by1565. In the late 16th century, the standards of the latter’s tertiary education were high enough tobe recognised by European universities. Church of the Mother of God (commonly known as StPaul’s Church), the Church of the Society of Jesus, was thrice destroyed by fire; the Ruins of StPaul’s are the remnants of the blaze that occurred in 1835.Franciscans, Augustinians, Dominicans, and Sisters of St Clare (who vowed to lead a hermeticlife) all established missions in Macao during the 16th and 17th centuries.Nowadays, the Macao Catholic Diocese is limited to the SAR itself. It has six parishes, threequasi-parishes and three cathedrals. There are also 18 freestanding churches of various sizes and56 chapels within diocesan buildings.According to figures supplied by the Macao Catholic Diocese, Macao had 13,891 Catholicresidents at the end of 2012. In addition, around 15,499 temporary residents of Macao wereadherents, including Portuguese-speaking expatriates and their families, English-speaking peopleand their families from all over the world, Filipino domestic helpers and their families, and nonresident workers from the mainland and other Asian countries. Altogether, there are around 29,390Catholics in Macao.The clerics registered in the Macao Catholic Diocese include one diocesan bishop, 18 priestsand eight contributing priests. In addition, four priests from the Macao Catholic Diocese currentlywork in other dioceses.There are also 58 priests and 28 brothers in male religious congregations that serve the communityin Macao. In addition, there are 184 sisters and 110 dedicated voluntary workers.Macao Catholic Diocesan statistics show that, in the 2011-2012 school year, it managed andmaintained 31 educational institutions with 29,510 students, 1,934 of whom were in tertiaryeducation, 12,670 in secondary schools, 9,802 in primary schools and 5,104 in kindergartens.The Catholic Church also operates 23 social service agencies, including seven child-care centres,six convalescent homes for the elderly and sick, four rehabilitation homes for the physically andmentally handicapped, and six residential homes for students from single-parent families and/or406

Religion and Customswho are experiencing personal problems. During the year, 1,602 people – 632 residents and 970non-residents – benefited from the wide range of services provided by these institutions.The Catholic Church is also engaged in other activities. It operates a bookshop, libraries, culturaland media affairs centres, a conference centre, social service centres, social welfare organisations,summer camps and retreats. It also publishes a few religious periodicals.ProtestantismMacao is considered an important base for the introduction of Christianity to China in modernProtestant history. The religion was introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Dynastyand Ming Dynasty, a total of four times. Macao was involved in the last two introductions.Robert Morrison was the first missionary from the London Missionary Society to arrive in Macao,in 1807. He then opened the fourth chapter in the history of pioneering Christianity in China. Hebaptised Choi Kou in 1814, and made him the first Chinese protestant. He led services in Macaoand Guangzhou for 27 years, serving as a bridge for cultural exchanges between the West andChina. In the 19th century, Protestant missionaries came mainly from Britain and America, andwere engaged in local cultural and religious activities, becoming driving forces in modern China’shealthcare, education, printing and publishing. In 1834, Robert Morrison died; his body lies in theOld Protestant Cemetery, beside the Luis de Camoes Garden.After the Opium War, the missionary base in Macao was moved to Hong Kong and Shanghai.But Macao still played an active role in the development of Protestant churches in the Pearl RiverDelta area.Entering the 20th century, a succession of Chinese Protestant churches were established,through the efforts of missionaries and returning Chinese believers. The Macau Baptist Church wasestablished in 1904; the Chi Tou Church of the Church of Christ in China was established in 1906at Hac Sa Beach; and Sheng Kung Hui (the Anglican Church) began their missionary activities inMacao in 1938. In the early 1950s, there were about five Protestant churches. By the 1980s, thenumber of Protestant churches had increased to 20. During the 1990s, missionary organisationsfrom Hong Kong and overseas arrived to establish branches, and further increased the number ofProtestant churches to over 50 throughout Macao.Today, major Protestant denominations in Macao include the Church of Christ in China,Baptist Church, Sheng Kung Hui (the Anglican Church), Sheun Tao Church, Christian andMissionary Alliance, Conservative Baptist Church, Assemblies of God, Church of the UnitedBrethren in Christ, and the Evangelical Free Church. There are nearly 80 Protestant churches,with about 150 pastors and more than 8,000 believers. Some 4,400 believers currently attendSunday worship each week.Of the schools established by Protestants, four are secondary schools with primary andkindergarten sections; three are primary schools with kindergarten sections; one is a special educationschool; and there is one biblical institute. There are also several training centres and two bookshopsoperated by Protestant groups.The Union of Evangelical Christian Churches and Associations in Macau was established in407

Macao Yearbook 20131990, and comprises the Protestant churches and organisations. Its objectives are to strengthenlinks between Protestant organisations and enhance their development; and promote and organiselocal evangelising activities. Around 60 Protestant organisations are involved in social servicescovering underprivileged groups, young people, families, workers, charity, counselling servicesand education. They also serve other people in need, including prisoners, patients, drug addictsand street sleepers.IslamThe Islamic Association of Macau was established in 1935. It has long planned to build a mosqueand Islamic centre; and a blueprint for the Islamic centre was approved by the former Portugueseadministration. According to the plan, the mosque will have a total area of 1,250 square metresand will be able to accommodate a congregation of 600.Baha’iThe Baha’i Faith was introduced to Macao in 1953. Its administrative body – the Local SpiritualAssembly of the Baha’is of Macao – was established in 1958. Later, a local Baha’i Centre wasset up in Taipa in 1984, and another local centre was set up in Coloane in 1988. An administrativebody covering the entire territory – the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of Macao – wasestablished in 1989, which also oversees the three local bodies of the Baha’is in Macao. Currentlyit has over 2,500 adherents.The National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of Macao established a school in Macao whichincludes a kindergarten, a primary school and a secondary school. It received a land grant from theGovernment in 2008 for campus expansion. Thus far, it has provided education to several thousandstudents, from many other countries.Traditional FestivalsMacao is a city where Chinese and Western cultures coexist. Local Chinese, Portuguese andMacanese residents and other ethical minorities in Macao respect and usually celebrate each other’sfestivals. Macao’s festivals are so colourful and cheerful that some are designated statutory andgeneral holidays. Traditional Chinese celebrations include the Lunar New Year (also known asChinese New Year or the Spring Festival), Qing Ming Festival, Buddha’s Birthday, the Mid-AutumnFestival and Winter Solstice; while Easter, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception and Christmasare important local festivals derived from Western traditions.Lunar New YearThe Lunar New Year is the most important festival for Chinese people. Macao residents usuallyperform religious ceremonies at home or in temples on the first two days of the Lunar New Year.They visit friends and relatives, let off firecrackers and join in various celebrations. Civil servants,who are normally forbidden to enter casinos, are granted special permission to do so during the first408

Religion and Customsthree days of the New Year. The incessant, ear-splitting noise of firecrackers and the red shreds oftheir wrappers last a whole week, creating a vibrant, joyful scene. These are the sights and soundsof Macao during Lunar New Year. In recent years, it has become increasingly popular for Macaoresidents to take family vacations during the Lunar New Year public holidays.Qing Ming, Chong Yang Festivals and All Souls’ DayThe Qing Ming and Chong Yang (Double Nine) festivals are occasions for people to commemoratetheir ancestors and visit their graves. They pay homage to the deceased, strengthen bonds with theirrelatives and perform filial duties. All Souls’ Day, the traditional Christian festival to remember thedeceased, is also a public holiday in Macao.Buddha’s BirthdayBuddha’s Birthday is a special local festival in Macao. During the festival, Buddhistorganisations in Macao usually organise many celebrations, including sutra recitations and“Bathing the Buddha” ceremonies to celebrate the birth of the Buddha. Some non-religiousorganisations, such as fishmongers’ associations, also celebrate the festival. Drunken DragonDance performances and the distribution of “Dragon Boat Rice” are among the traditionalactivities staged at this time.The Drunken Dragon Dance is an ancient custom that originated in neighbouring ZhongshanMunicipality in Guangdong province, and has become a tradition among Macao’s fishmongers.Through the dance, they show their team spirit and commitment to society. After much modificationthrough the years, the Drunken Dragon Dance nowadays features only the head and tail of theDragon. The performers are expected to drink as they dance; and people believe they can onlyperform well if they are drunk.The Macao Drunken Dragon Dance was included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage List ofMacao in 2009 and successfully inscribed on the List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in2011.Dragon Boat FestivalThe Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar. It is atime for eating special dumplings and Dragon Boat Racing. Macao’s Dragon Boat Races have aunique local flavour, and have developed into an international competition. Many Westerners alsoparticipate, displaying their prowess.Mid-Autumn FestivalAppreciating the moon’s beauty while enjoying delicious mooncakes during the Mid-AutumnFestival is another Chinese tradition. Even before the day arrives, a joyous atmosphere builds upeverywhere. Shops selling traditional mooncakes are packed with customers, as demand for themruns high. On the festival night, family members gather and enjoy reunions.409

Macao Yearbook 2013Feast of the Immaculate ConceptionMacao is the only place in Asia where the Feast of the Immaculate Conception is a public holiday.Since 8 December 1854, Catholics in Macao have held celebrations on this day, seeking forgivenessof all their sins, and for their hearts to be cleansed.ChristmasChristmas is the time when Christians all over the world celebrate the birth of Jesus. Macao is filledwith a vibrant festive atmosphere at Christmas with its unique, European-style streets festooningwith colourful lights and decorations, and Christmas carols wafting out from its churches.410

Religion and CustomsKun Iam TongBuilt in the late Ming Dynasty, the Kun Iam Tong Temple,also known as the Pou Chai Buddhist Monastery andTemple, is one of the three Buddhist monasteries in Macao.Enjoying a long history and situated on a large area of landbuilt with splendid structures, Kun Iam Tong featured theancient Chinese architectural style of Hui Fei, resemblingancient Chinese temples on famous mountains. It is wellknown worldwide, not only because of its history, but also asthe venue for the signing of the Treaty of Wangxia betweenChina and the United States in the 19th century.411

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HISTORY

HistoryHistoryMacao Has Been Part of China Since Ancient TimesHistorical records show that Macao has been Chinese territory since long ago. When Qinshihuang(the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty) unified China in 221BC, Macao came under the jurisdictionof Panyu County, Nanhai Prefecture. Administratively, it was part of Dongguan Prefecture inthe Jin Dynasty (AD265-420), then Nanhai County during the Sui Dynasty (AD581-618), andDongguan County in the Tang Dynasty (AD618-907). In 1152, during the Southern Song Dynasty,the Guangdong administration joined the coastal areas of Nanhai, Panyu, Xinhui and DongguanCounties to establish Xiangshan County, thus bringing Macao under its jurisdiction.Macao has been known variously. Besides Macao (“Aomen” in Chinese), it has also been calledHaojing (Oyster Mirror), Jinghai (Mirror Sea), Haojiang, Haijing, Jinghu (Mirror Lake), Haojingaoand Majiao. Haojing is the earliest name recorded in written documents.The name “Aomen” first appeared in 1564, in the following passage in Pang Shangpeng’sMemorandum to the Throne Concerning Long-Term Coastal Security, which was presented to theMing Emperor: “Xiangshan County in the south of Guangdong Province is a coastal area. It takesone day to travel from Yongmai to Haojingao. In Haojingao there are Nantai (South Tower) andBeitai (North Tower), two hills facing each other like two towers of a city gate. People call the placewhere the two hills stand Aomen (Gate to Ao). Aomen is surrounded by sea, and is only connectedto the mainland at Zangge. It is a trading port where foreign ships and merchants anchor.”Aomen Jilue (Chronicles of Macao) by Yin Guangren and Zhang Rulin – the first and secondQing officials appointed to the place – which was published during the reign of Emperor Qianlong,records: “The name ‘Haojingao’ can be found in the documents of the Ming Dynasty. To the southof Haojingao lies Shizimen (Cross-Gate), where the sea runs both north-south and east-westbetween four island hills. Combining ‘ao’ from Haojingao and ‘men’ from Shizimen, people callthe place ‘Aomen’.”The earliest known written record of the name “Macau” in a foreign language is in a letter dated20 November 1555.In the 15th century, the Portuguese began to expand their trade to the Far East, taking controlof several places in Africa and Asia. In 1553, claiming that they needed some land to air theirsoaked goods, the Portuguese gained permission from local Chinese officials to stay temporarilyon the Macao peninsula to carry out commercial activities. Around 1573, the Portuguese beganpaying land rent to the Chinese government. From then till the Opium War, for nearly 300 years,the Ming and subsequent Qing governments exercised sovereignty over Macao, levying taxes andimplementing various controls.The Ming and Qing Governments’ Exercise of Sovereignty OverMacaoThe Ming and Qing governments maintained irrefutable sovereignty over Macao, and under theprinciple of sovereignty exercised strict and comprehensive land, military, administrative, judicial415

Macao Yearbook 2013and customs controls.While exercising sovereignty over Macao in all aspects, the Ming and Qing governments usedthe strategy “let foreigners take charge of foreigners” to control the Portuguese in Macao. Theydid not directly interfere with the internal affairs of the Portuguese community, but allowed thePortuguese to exercise self-administration to keep their social and economic affairs in order. In1583, the Portuguese in Macao were permitted to form a Senate to handle various issues concerningtheir community, on the understanding that they recognised overall Chinese sovereignty and thatthis autonomous organ was not politically independent.The Portuguese Occupation of Macao and the Sino-PortugueseTreaty of Amity and CommerceAfter the Opium War, the Chinese and British signed the Treaty of Nanking, stipulating the cessionof Hong Kong to Britain. The Portuguese seized the opportunity to put forward various requests– including exemption from the annual land rent – and gradually occupied Macao. In 1887, theQing government was forced to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Amity and Commerce, underwhich the Portuguese obtained the right to permanently settle in Macao as well as control over theregion. In 1928, the foreign affairs ministry of the then Kuomintang government officially notifiedthe Portuguese side that it was abrogating the treaty.The Signing of the Sino-Portuguese Joint DeclarationAfter the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government declaredthe abolition of all unequal treaties. In March 1972, China’s Permanent Representative to theUnited Nations sent a letter to the UN Special Committee on Decolonization, stating the country’sprincipled stand on the issues of Hong Kong and Macao. On 8 February 1979, when China andPortugal established diplomatic relations, the two governments reached the following agreementon the issue of Macao: Macao is a Chinese territory currently under Portuguese administration;the issue of Macao is a question left over from history, which will be settled through friendlyconsultation between the two governments when appropriate.In 1984, as soon as the question of Hong Kong was solved, the issue of Macao was put on theagenda. June 1986 saw China and Portugal begin negotiations concerning the issue of Macao. Afterfour rounds of talks, on 23 March 1987 the two governments reached a consensus on the entiretext of the agreement and memorandum, thus bringing to a satisfactory conclusion of the Sino-Portuguese negotiations, which lasted eight months and 14 days. On the morning of 26 March 1987,the Joint Declaration of the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government ofthe Portuguese Republic on the Question of Macao was initialled in the Great Hall of the People inBeijing, by Deputy Foreign Minister Zhou Nan, head of the Chinese government delegation, andhis Portuguese counterpart, Ambassador Rui Medina.The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration was officially signed on 13 April 1987 in Beijing. A grandceremony for the occasion was held in the Great Hall of the People. On behalf of their respectivegovernments, the Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Zhao Ziyang,416

Historyand the Prime Minister of the Portuguese Republic, Anibal Antonio Cavaco Silva, signed the JointDeclaration, which stated that China would resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao from 20December 1999 onwards. Deng Xiaoping attended the ceremony in person. The National People’sCongress (NPC) of the People’s Republic of China and the Portuguese parliament, the Assemblyof the Republic, ratified the Joint Declaration in June and December, respectively. On 15 January1988, the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration came into effect, and Macao thus entered a transitionperiod leading to the Handover.The Enactment of the Basic Law and the Transition PeriodIn order to specify and legalise the basic principles and policies of the central government concerningMacao that were set forth in the Joint Declaration, the First Session of the Seventh NPC decidedon 13 April 1988 to establish the Drafting Committee of the Basic Law of the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region. On 5 September 1988, the list of members of the committee was approvedat the Third Session of the Seventh NPC. It comprised experts and representatives from all walksof life, from both the mainland and Macao. For more than four years, the committee carried outextensive and painstaking investigations, consultations, democratic discussions and revisions,and finally in January 1993, the Drafting Committee approved the draft of the Basic Law and thedesigns of the flag and emblem of the Macao Special Administrative Region.On 31 March 1993, the First Session of the Eighth NPC passed the Basic Law of the MacaoSpecial Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, its annexes, and the designs of theflag and emblem of the Macao SAR. On the same day, President Jiang Zemin signed PresidentialDecree No. 3, promulgating the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, whichwas to come into effect when the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty overMacao on 20 December 1999.The nearly 12-year period from 15 January 1988, when the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declarationcame into effect, to 20 December 1999, when the central government resumed the exercise ofsovereignty over Macao, was called the transition period. The Portuguese government prepared,in this period, for the handover of the government in 1999. Maintaining Macao’s social stability,boosting economic development and creating favourable conditions for a smooth handover werethe main tasks at that stage.The Sino-Portuguese Liaison Group and the Sino-Portuguese Land Group, founded under theSino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, resolved issues that arose during the transition period throughnegotiation. The two governments also reached agreement on the establishment of the MacauInternational Airport, the Bank of China becoming a Macao currency-issuing bank, and theamendment and renewal of the casino gaming franchise. Three key issues that had attracted muchattention – the localisation of the civil service, the localisation of the law and the official status ofthe Chinese language – were also settled satisfactorily.On 29 April 1998, the Second Session of the Ninth Conference of the Standing Committee of theNPC passed the list of members of the Preparatory Committee of the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion. The Preparatory Committee was established in Beijing on 5 May 1998. One of its chiefmissions was to establish, in accordance with the NPC decision, a broadly representative Selection417

Macao Yearbook 2013Committee comprising 200 members, all of them permanent residents of Macao, to select the firstChief Executive of the Macao SAR. On 15 May 1999, in a secret ballot at the third plenary sessionof the Selection Committee for the First Government of the Macao SAR, Edmund Ho Hau Wahwas elected the first Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’sRepublic of China. On 20 May 1999, Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council, issued State CouncilDecree No. 264, appointing Edmund Ho Hau Wah as the first Chief Executive of the Macao SpecialAdministrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, to assume office on 20 December 1999.418

HistoryMandarin’s HouseThe Mandarin’s House was the family residence of the modernChinese master Zheng Guanying (1842–1921). Zheng’s worldfamousbook Shengshi Weiyan (Words of Warning in Times ofProsperity) was completed here. The house was probably builtbefore 1869. The Government acquired the property rights to thehouse in 2001, and took eight years to repair and refurnish thebuilding. In February 2010, the Mandarin’s House was openedto the public.419

Macao Yearbook 2013420

WINNERS OF THE “PRECIOUS MOMENTS INMACAO” 2013 PHOTOGRAPHY COMPETITION

“Precious Moments in Macao” 2013 Photography CompetitionFirst Prize - Playing Nazha - the Child Deity(CHAN MENG KAI),Second Prize - Morning Exercise(KONG IU LAM),Third Price - Fending Off (CHEONG KAM KA)and other winning entries.423

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APPENDICES

AppendicesAppendix 1Principal Officials of the Macao SARChief ExecutivePresident of the Legislative AssemblyPresident of the Court of Final AppealSecretary for Administration and JusticeSecretary for Economy and FinanceSecretary for SecuritySecretary for Social Affairs and CultureSecretary for Transport and Public WorksPublic Prosecutor-GeneralCommissioner Against CorruptionCommissioner of AuditCommissioner-General of the Unitary Police ServiceDirector-General of the Macao Customs ServiceMr Chui Sai OnMr Lau Cheok VaMr Sam Hou FaiMs Florinda ChanMr Francis Tam Pak YuenMr Cheong Kuoc VaMr Cheong UMr Lau Si IoMr Ho Chio MengMr Fong Man ChongMr Ho Veng OnMr Jose Proenca BrancoMr Choi Lai Hang427

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 2Members of the Executive Council of the Macao SARThe Executive Council is presided over by the Chief Executive.Members of the Council:Ms Florinda ChanMr Leong Heng TengMr Liu Chak WanMr Ma Iao LaiMr Leonel Alberto AlvesMr Cheang Chi KeongMr Leong Vai TacMr Chan Meng KamMs Ho Sut HengMr Wong Yue Kai428

AppendicesAppendix 3Members of the Legislative Assembly ofthe Macao SARMembers (by Indirect Vote)Mr Lau Cheok Va (President)Mr Ho Iat Seng (Vice-President)Mr Chui Sai Cheong (First Secretary)Mr Kou Hoi In (Second Secretary)Mr Fong Chi KeongMr Cheung Lup KwanMr Cheang Chi KeongMr Leonel Alberto AlvesMr Chan Chak MoMr Lam Heong SangMembers (by Direct Vote)Ms Kwan Tsui HangMr Au Kam SanMr Jose Maria Pereira CoutinhoMr Chan Meng KamMr Mak Soi KunMr Ho Ion SangMr Ng Kuok CheongMr Ung Choi KunMs Leong On KeiMr Lee Chong ChengMr Chan Wai ChiMs Chan Mei Yi429

Macao Yearbook 2013Members (Appointed by the Chief Executive)Mr Tsui Wai KwanMr Chui Sai PengMr Lau Veng SengMr Tong Io ChengMr Vong Hin FaiMs Ho Sio KamMr Sio Chi WaiCommittee Members of the Third Session of the Fourth TermLegislative Assembly(From 16 October 2011 to 15 October 2012)Executive BoardPresident:Vice-President:First Secretary:Second Secretary:Mr Lau Cheok VaMr Ho Iat SengMr Chui Sai CheongMr Kou Hoi InCommittee on Rules and StatutesPresident:Mr Fong Chi KeongSecretary:Mr Vong Hin FaiMembers:Mr Kou Hoi InMr Au Kam SanMr Ung Choi KunMr Lam Heong SangMr Tong Io ChengFirst Standing CommitteePresident:Ms Kwan Tsui Hang430

AppendicesSecretary:Members:Mr Ung Choi KunMr Kou Hoi InMr Leonel Alberto AlvesMr Tsui Wai KwanMr Au Kam SanMr Sio Chi WaiMr Ho Ion SangMs Chan Mei YiSecond Standing CommitteePresident:Mr Chan Chak MoSecretary:Mr Lee Chong ChengMembers:Mr Fong Chi KeongMr Chui Sai CheongMr Ng Kuok CheongMr Vong Hin FaiMr Chan Meng KamMs Ho Sio KamMr Mak Soi KunThird Standing CommitteePresident:Mr Cheang Chi KeongSecretary:Mr Chui Sai PengMembers:Mr Cheung Lup KwanMr Jose Maria Pereira CoutinhoMs Leong On KeiMr Lau Veng SengMr Lam Heong SangMr Chan Wai ChiMr Tong Io Cheng431

Macao Yearbook 2013Follow-up Committee for Land and Public Concession AffairsPresident:Ms Kwan Tsui HangSecretary:Mr Kou Hoi InMembers:Mr Leonel Alberto AlvesMr Tsui Wai KwanMr Au Kam SanMr Ung Choi KunMr Sio Chi WaiMr Ho Ion SangMs Chan Mei YiFollow-up Committee for Public Finance AffairsPresident:Mr Chan Chak MoSecretary:Mr Lee Chong ChengMembers:Mr Fong Chi KeongMr Chui Sai CheongMr Ng Kuok CheongMr Vong Hin FaiMr Chan Meng KamMs Ho Sio KamMr Mak Soi KunFollow-up Committee for Public Administration AffairsPresident:Mr Cheang Chi KeongSecretary:Mr Chui Sai PengMembers:Mr Cheung Lup KwanMr Jose Maria Pereira CoutinhoMs Leong On KeiMr Lau Veng SengMr Lam Heong Sang432

AppendicesMr Chan Wai ChiMr Tong Io Cheng433

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 4Judges of the Courts of the Macao SARCourt of Final AppealPresident:Judges:Mr Sam Hou FaiMr Viriato Manuel Pinheiro de LimaMs Song Man LeiCourt of Second InstancePresident:Mr Lai Kin HongJudges:Mr Choi Mou PanMr Jose Maria Dias AzedoMr Chan Kuong SengMr Joao Augusto Goncalves Gil de OliveiraMr Fong Man Chong*Ms Tam Hio WaMr Ho Wai NengMr Jose Candido de PinhoCourt of First InstanceLower CourtPresident:Presidents of the Collegiate Bench:Judges of the Sole-judge Bench:Mr Tong Hio FongMs Alice Leonor das Neves CostaMs Chao Im PengMs Teresa LeongMr Mario Augusto SilvestreMr Ip Son SangMr Lam Peng FaiMs Cheong Un MeiMs Sam Keng Tan434

AppendicesMs Ip Sio FanMs Kan Cheng HaMs Lou Ieng HaMs Leong Fong MengMr Jeronimo Alberto Goncalves SantosMr Paulo ChanMr Rui Carlos dos Santos Pereira RibeiroMr Carlos Armando da Cunha Rodrigues de CarvalhoMr Mario Pedro Martins da Assuncao Seixas MeirelesMs Ana Carla Goncalves Ferreira de Seixas MeirelesMs Cheong Weng TongMr Chan Io ChaoMs Lou Lap Hong SilvaMr Chan Chi WengExamining MagistracyJudges:Administrative CourtJudges:Ms Chiang I ManMs Io Weng SanMs Shen LiMs Leong Sio KunMr Seng Ioi ManNote:* Appointed as Commissioner Against Corruption by the State Council on 20 December 2009.435

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 5Public Prosecutors of the Macao SARPublic Prosecutor-General:Mr Ho Chio MengAssistant Public Prosecutors-General:Mr Ma IekMr Wong Sio Chak (1)Mr Chan Tsz KingMr Vong Vai VaMs Kuok Un ManMr Mai Man IengMr Paulo Martins ChanMs Kok Sio PengMr Kong ChiMr Vitor Manuel Carvalho CoelhoMr Choi Keng FaiMr Cheng Lap FokPublic Prosecutors:Mr Antonio Augusto Archer Leite de QueirosMr Antonio Jose de Sousa Ferreira VidigalMr Joaquim Teixeira de SousaMs Mei Fan Chan da Costa RoqueMr Lai U HouMs Leong Man IengMr Chan Seak HouMs Tou Wai FongMs Lao Ian ChiMr Wu HioMr Kuok Kin HongMs Tam I Kuan436

AppendicesMs Leong Vai ChengMs Chong Lao SinMr Chan U FuMs Ho ManMs Leong Weng SiMr Cheong Kuok ChiMs Sio In HaMs Cheang Weng InMr Sam Kim KuongNote:(1) Current Director of the Judiciary Police, by regular appointment.437

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 6Government Departments and Agencies of theMacao SAROffice of the Chief ExecutiveChief-of-Cabinet: Mr Tam Chon WengAddress: Headquarters of the Macao SAR Government, Avenida da Praia Grande, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 6886 / 2856 5555Fax: (853) 2872 5468 / 2872 6168Website: http://www.gce.gov.moE-mail: gce@raem.gov.moOffice of the Secretary for Administration and JusticeChief-of-Cabinet: Ms Grace Cheong Chui LingAddress: Rua de S. Lourenco, No. 28, Headquarters of the Macao SAR Government, 4° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 6886Fax: (853) 2872 6880Office of the Secretary for Economy and FinanceChief-of-Cabinet: Ms Karen Lok Kit SimAddress: Avenida Dr Mario Soares, Nos. 307-323, Edf. Banco da China, 23° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2878 7350Fax: (853) 2872 6302Office of the Secretary for SecurityChief-of-Cabinet: Mr Vong Chun FatAddress: Calcada dos Quarteis, MacaoTel: (853) 8799 7501Fax: (853) 2858 0702438

AppendicesOffice of the Secretary for Social Affairs and CultureChief-of-Cabinet: Ms Cecilia Cheung So MuiAddress: Rua de S. Lourenco, No. 28, Headquarters of the Macao SAR Government, 2° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 6886Fax: (853) 2872 7594Office of the Secretary for Transport and Public WorksChief-of-Cabinet: Mr Francis WongAddress: Avenida Dr Mario Soares, Nos. 307-323, Edf. Banco da China, 26° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2878 6919Fax: (853) 2872 7566Executive CouncilSecretary General: Ms Wallis O LamAddress: Headquarters of the Macao SAR Government, Avenida da Praia Grande, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 6886Fax: (853) 8989 5704Legislative AssemblyPresident: Mr Lau Cheok VaVice President: Mr Ho Iat Seng439

Macao Yearbook 2013Technical Support Offices of the Legislative AssemblySecretary General: Ms Ieong Soi UAddress: Praca da Assembleia Legislativa, Edf. da AL, Aterros da Baia da Praia Grande, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 8377 / 2872 8379Fax: (853) 2872 7857Website: http://www.al.gov.moE-mail: info@al.gov.moCourtsCourt of Final AppealPresident: Mr Sam Hou FaiChief-of-Cabinet: Mr Pedro TangDeputy Chief-of-Cabinet: Ms Chan Iok LinAddress: Praceta 25 de Abril, Edf. dos Tribunais de Segunda e Ultima Instancias, MacaoTel: (853) 8398 4117Fax: (853) 2832 6744Website: http://www.court.gov.moCourt of Second InstancePresident: Mr Lai Kin HongAddress: Praceta 25 de Abril, Edf. dos Tribunais de Segunda e Ultima Instancias, MacaoTel: (853) 8398 4100Fax: (853) 2832 6747440

AppendicesCourt of First InstanceLower CourtPresident: Mr Tong Hio FongAddress: Avenida do Infante D. Henrique, Nos. 47-53, Edf. The Macau Square, 3°-6°, 12°,17°-18° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 8597 0278Fax: (853) 2833 6506Examining MagistracyAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 411-417, Edf. Dynasty Plaza, 4° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 8796 6527 / 8796 6530Fax: (853) 2872 8275Administrative CourtAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, No. 517, Edf. Commercial de Nam Tong, 22° andar B-C, MacaoTel: (853) 2835 6060Fax: (853) 2835 5593Public Prosecutions OfficePublic Prosecutor-General: Mr Ho Chio MengChief-of-Cabinet: Mr Antonio Lai Kin IanDeputy Chief-of-Cabinet: Mr Cheang Hang ChipAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 411-417, Edf. Dynasty Plaza, 7° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2878 6666Fax: (853) 2872 7621Website: http://www.mp.gov.moE-mail: info@mp.gov.mo24-hour Hotline: (853) 2872 7272Fax Hotline: (853) 2872 7228441

Macao Yearbook 2013Commission Against CorruptionCommissioner: Mr Fong Man ChongAssistant Commissioner: Mr Kuan Kun HongChief-of-Cabinet: Mr Sam Vai KeongAddress: Avenida Xian Xing Hai, No. 105, Centro Golden Dragon, 17° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2832 6300Fax: (853) 2836 2336Website: http://www.ccac.org.moE-mail: ccac@ccac.org.mo24-hour Report Hotline: (853) 2836 1212Ombudsman Hotline: (853) 2828 6606Complaint CentreAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 411-417, Edf. Dynasty Plaza, 14° andar, MacaoBranch Office at Areia PretaAddress: Rua 1.° de Maio, Nos. 68-72, Edf. U Wa, r/c, MacaoTel: (853) 2845 3636Fax: (853) 2845 3611Branch Office at TaipaAddress: Rua de Nam Keng, Edf. Nova City, Bloco 4, r/c Loja C, Taipa, MacaoTel: (853) 2836 3636Fax: (853) 2884 3344Commission of AuditCommissioner: Mr Ho Veng OnAssistant Commissioner: Ms Ho Wai HengActing Chief-of-Cabinet: Ms Brenda Dulce da Cunha e PiresAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 336-342, Centro Comercial Cheng Fung, 19°-20° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 2871 1211Fax: (853) 2871 1218Website: http://www.ca.gov.moE-mail: info@ca.gov.mo442

AppendicesUnitary Police ServiceCommissioner-General: Mr Jose Proenca BrancoAssistant to Commissioner-General: Mr Ma Io KunAssistant to Commissioner-General: Mr Joao Augusto da RosaCabinet Coordinator: Mr Chio U ManAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, Nos. 730-804, Edf. China Plaza, 16° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2871 2999 / 8798 7510Fax: (853) 2871 3101Website: http://www.spu.gov.moE-mail: info@spu.gov.moMacao Customs ServiceDirector-General: Mr Choi Lai HangDeputy Director-General: Ms Lai Man WaAssistant Director-General: Mr Sin Wun KaoAssistant Director-General: Mr Ng Kuok HengAddress: Rua S. Tiago da Barra, Doca D. Carlos I, SW, Barra, Edf. dos Servicos de Alfandega, MacaoTel: (853) 2855 9944Fax: (853) 2837 1136Website: http://www.customs.gov.moE-mail: info@customs.gov.mo24-hour Information/Complaint Hotline: (853) 2896 5001Fax Hotline: (853) 2896 5003Enquiry Hotline: (853) 8989 4317443

Macao Yearbook 2013Under the Supervision of the Chief ExecutiveGovernment Information BureauDirector: Mr Victor Chan Chi PingDeputy Director: Mr Louie Wong Lok I (Acting)Address: Avenida da Praia Grande, Nos. 762-804, Edf. China Plaza, 15° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2833 2886Fax: (853) 2835 5426Website: http://www.gcs.gov.moE-mail: info@gcs.gov.moOffice for Personal Data ProtectionDirector: Ms Chan Hoi FanDeputy Director: Mr Yang ChongweiAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, No. 804, Edf. China Plaza, 13° andar A-F, MacaoP.O. Box: P.O. Box 880, MacaoTel: (853) 2871 6006Fax: (853) 2871 6116Website: http://www.gpdp.gov.moE-mail: info@gpdp.gov.moOffice of the Government SpokespersonHead of Office: Mr Tam Chon WengDeputy Head of Office: Mr Victor Chan Chi Ping444

AppendicesPolicy Research OfficeDirector: Mr Lao Pun LapAddress: Rua do Desporto, Nos. 185-195, Taipa, MacaoTel: (853) 2882 3419Fax: (853) 2882 3415Protocol, Public Relations and External Affairs OfficeDirector: Mr Fung Sio WengDeputy Director: Mr Tong Wai LeongDeputy Director: Ms Lei Ut MuiAddress: Travessa do Padre Narciso, Nos. 1-3, Edf. The Macau Chinese Bank, 6° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 5555Fax: (853) 2897 2585E-mail: info@gprpae.gov.moMacao FoundationPresident: Mr Wu ZhiliangVice President: Mr Lam Kam SengAddress: Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro, Nos. 61-75, Edf. Circle Square, 7°-9° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 2896 6777Fax: (853) 2896 8658Website: http://www.fmac.org.moE-mail: info@fm.org.moScience and Technology Development FundPresident of Administrative Committee: Mr Tong Chi KinAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 411-417, Edf. Dynasty Plaza, 9° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2878 8777 / 2878 8778 / 2878 8779Fax: (853) 2878 8775 / 2878 8776Website: http://www.fdct.gov.moE-mail: info@fdct.gov.mo445

Macao Yearbook 2013Macao Economic and Trade Office to the European Union inBrusselsHead of Office: Mr Raimundo Arrais do RosarioAddress: Avenue Louise, 480, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumTel: (322) 6471265Fax: (322) 6401552E-mail: deleg.macao@skynet.beMacao Economic and Trade Office in LisbonDirector: Mr Raimundo Arrais do RosarioDeputy Director: Ms Maria Gabriela Remedios CesarAddress: Avenida 5 de Outubro, No. 115, 4° andar, 1069-204 Lisboa, PortugalTel: (351) 21 781 8820Fax: (351) 21 797 9328E-mail: decmacau@decmacau.ptRepresentative Office of the Macao Special AdministrativeRegion in BeijingDirector: Ms Willa Hong WaiAddress: 16th Floor, Macau Center, No. 8 Wangfujing East St., Beijing, China (Postal Code: 100006)Tel: (86) 10 5813 8010Fax: (86) 10 5813 8020E-mail: info@draemp.gov.mo446

AppendicesMacao Economic and Trade Office to the World TradeOrganizationDirector: Mr Raimundo Arrais do RosarioAssistant Director: Ms Lu My YenAddress: Avenue Louis-Casai, 18, 1209 Geneva, SwitzerlandTel: (41) 22 7100 788Fax: (41) 22 7100 780E-mail: macaoeto@macaoeto.chMacau Economic and Cultural Delegation in TaiwanDirector: Ms Leong Kit ChiAddress: Suite A, 56/F, Taipei 101 Tower, 7 Xin Yi Road Section 5, Taipei 110, TaiwanTel: (886) 2 8101 1056Fax: (886) 2 8101 1057Website: http://www.decm.gov.moE-mail: info@decm.gov.moUnder the Supervision of the Secretary forAdministration and JusticePublic Administration and Civil Service BureauDirector: Mr Jose ChuDeputy Director: Mr Kou Peng KuanDeputy Director: Ms Joana Maria NoronhaAddress: Rua do Campo, No. 162, Edf. Administracao Publica, 21°-27° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 2832 3623Fax: (853) 2859 4000Website: http://www.safp.gov.moE-mail: info@safp.gov.mo447

Macao Yearbook 2013Legal Affairs BureauDirector: Mr Cheong Weng ChonDeputy Director: Ms Diana Maria Vital CostaDeputy Director: Ms Leong Pou IengAddress: Rua do Campo, No. 162, Edf. Administracao Publica, 19° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 4225Fax: (853) 2831 8052Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: info@dsaj.gov.moCivil RegistryRegistrar: Mr Leong Tak FuAddress: Rua do Campo, No. 162, Edf. Administracao Publica, 2° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2855 0110Fax: (853) 2837 3097Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: crc@dsaj.gov.moCommercial and Movable Goods RegistryRegistrars: Ms Tam Pui ManMr Fong Soi KocAddress: Rua do Campo, No. 162, Edf. Administracao Publica, 1° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2837 4371 / 2837 4374Fax: (853) 2833 0741Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: crcbm@dsaj.gov.mo448

AppendicesReal Estate RegistryRegistrars: Mr Tam Peng ChunMs Leong Mei LengAddress: Rua do Campo, No. 162, Edf. Administracao Publica, 2° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2857 1550Fax: (853) 2857 1556Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: crp@dsaj.gov.moFirst Office of Notary PublicNotary Public: Mr Lou Soi CheongAddress: Largo do Senado, No. 16, Edf. Santa Casa da Misericordia, r/c, MacaoTel: (853) 2857 4258Fax: (853) 2835 5205Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: 1cn@dsaj.gov.moSecond Office of Notary PublicNotary Public: Ms Lo Cheng IAddress: Rua do Campo, No. 162, Edf. Administracao Publica, 3° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2855 4460Fax: (853) 2856 2407 / 2833 0997Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: 2cn@dsaj.gov.mo449

Macao Yearbook 2013Islands’ Office of Notary PublicNotary Public: Mr Chan In ChioAddress: Rua da Braganca, No. 313, Edf. King Light Garden, r/c, Taipa, MacaoTel: (853) 2882 7502 / 2882 7504Fax: (853) 2882 5071 / 2883 7891Website: http://www.dsaj.gov.moE-mail: cni@dsaj.gov.moIdentification Services BureauDirector: Mr Lai Ieng KitDeputy Director: Ms Ao Ieong UAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, No. 804, Edf. China Plaza, 20° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2837 0777 / 2837 0888Fax: (853) 2837 4300Website: http://www.dsi.gov.moE-mail: info@dsi.gov.mo24-hour Overseas Emergency Service Hotline: (853) 2857 3333Government Printing BureauDirector: Mr Tou Chi ManDeputy Director: Mr Alberto Ferreira LeaoAddress: Rua da Imprensa Nacional, s/n, MacaoTel: (853) 2857 3822Fax: (853) 2859 6802Website: http://www.io.gov.moE-mail: info@io.gov.mo450

AppendicesLaw Reform and International Law BureauDirector: Ms Chu Lam LamDeputy Director: Mr Chan Hin ChiDeputy Director: Mr Chou Kam ChonAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, No. 398, Edf. CNAC, 6° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2875 0815Fax: (853) 2875 8014Website: http://www.dsrjdi.ccrj.gov.moE-mail: info@dsrjdi.ccrj.gov.moCivic and Municipal Affairs BureauPresident: Mr Vong Iao Lek (Acting)Vice President: Mr Vong Iao Lek (Stand-in)Vice President: Mr Lo Veng TakAddress: Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro, No. 163, MacaoTel: (853) 2838 7333Fax: (853) 2833 6477Website: http://www.iacm.gov.moE-mail: webmaster@iacm.gov.moLegal and Judicial Training CentreDirector: Mr Manuel Marcelino Escovar TrigoDeputy Director: Ms Cheng Wai YanAddress: Rua Dr Pedro Jose Lobo, Nos. 1-3, Edf. Luso Internacional, 18° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2871 3843Fax: (853) 2871 3766Website: http://www.cfjj.gov.moE-mail: cfjj@cfjj.gov.mo451

Macao Yearbook 2013Pension FundPresident: Ms Ieong Kim IVice President: Ms Ermelinda M. C. XavierAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 181-187, Centro Comercial Brilhantismo, 20°andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2835 6556Fax: (853) 2859 4391Website: http://www.fp.gov.moE-mail: fp@fp.gov.moUnder the Supervision of the Secretary for Economyand FinanceMacao Economic ServicesDirector: Mr Sou Tim PengDeputy Director: Mr Tai Kin IpDeputy Director: Ms Chan Tze WaiAddress: Rua do Dr Pedro Jose Lobo, Nos. 1-3, Edf. Banco Luso Internacional, 6°-7° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 2622Fax: (853) 2871 2552Website: http://www.economia.gov.moE-mail: info@economia.gov.moFinance Services BureauDirector: Ms Vitoria Alice Maria da ConceicaoDeputy Director: Mr Stephen Iong Kong LeongDeputy Director: Ms Chong Seng SamAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, Nos. 575, 579 & 585, Edf. Financas, MacaoTel: (853) 2833 6366Fax: (853) 2830 0133Website: http://www.dsf.gov.moE-mail: dsfinfo@dsf.gov.moTax Hotline: (853) 2833 6886452

AppendicesStatistics and Census ServiceDirector: Ms Kong Pek FongDeputy Director: Mr Ieong Meng ChaoDeputy Director: Ms Cheng I WanAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 411-417, Edf. Dynasty Plaza, 17° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 8188Fax: (853) 2856 1884Website: http://www.dsec.gov.moE-mail: info@dsec.gov.moLabour Affairs BureauDirector: Mr Wong Chi HongDeputy Director: Ms Teng Nga KanAddress: Avenida do Dr Francisco Vieira Machado, Nos. 221-279, Edf. Advance Plaza, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 4109Fax: (853) 2855 0477Website: http://www.dsal.gov.moE-mail: dsalinfo@dsal.gov.moGaming Inspection and Coordination BureauDirector: Mr Manuel Joaquim das NevesDeputy Director: Mr Leong Man IonAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, Nos. 762-804, Edf. China Plaza, 21° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 9262Fax: (853) 2837 0296Website: http://www.dicj.gov.moE-mail: enquiry@service.dicj.gov.mo453

Macao Yearbook 2013Consumer CouncilPresident of the General Council: Mr Vong Kok SengPresident of the Executive Committee: Mr Wong Hon NengHead Office Address: Avenida de Horta e Costa, No. 26, Edf. Clementina A. L. Ho, 3°-5° andares,MacaoTel: (853) 8988 9315Fax: (853) 2830 7816Website: http://www.consumer.gov.moE-mail: info@consumer.gov.moPublic Service CentresAddress: Avenida de Horta e Costa, No. 24-A, Edf. Cheung Heng, r/c, MacaoAddress: Rua Nova da Areia Preta, No. 52, Government Integrated Service Centre, 1º andar, ZoneM, MacaoTel: (853) 8988 9315Fax: (853) 2830 7816Human Resources OfficeDirector: Ms Lou Soi PengDeputy Director: Mr Lau Wai MengAddress: Avenida do Dr Rodrigo Rodrigues, Nos. 614A-640, Edf. Long Cheng, 9º-11º andares,MacaoTel: (853) 2833 6960Fax: (853) 2871 1224Website: http://www.grh.gov.moE-mail: info@grh.gov.moFinancial Intelligence OfficeDirector: Ms Ng Man SeongAddress: Avenida Dr Mario Soares, Nos. 307-323, Edf. Banco da China, 22° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2852 3666Fax: (853) 2852 3777Website: http://www.gif.gov.moE-mail: info@gif.gov.mo454

AppendicesSupporting Office to the Permanent Secretariat to the Forumfor Economic and Trade Cooperation between China andPortuguese-speaking CountriesCoordinator: Ms Rita Botelho dos SantosAddress: Avenida Governador Jaime Silverio Marques, No. 415, Edf. Comercial Tai Fung, r/c-2°andares N, MacaoTel: (853) 8791 3333 / 8791 3368Fax: (853) 2872 6366Website: http://www.forumchinaplp.org.moE-mail: rsantos@gfce.gov.moMacao Trade and Investment Promotion InstitutePresident: Mr Jackson ChangExecutive Director: Ms Chan Keng HongExecutive Director: Ms Irene Va Kuan LauAddress: Avenida da Amizade, No. 918, Edf. World Trade Center, 1°-4° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 2871 0300Fax: (853) 2859 0309Website: http://www.ipim.gov.moE-mail: ipim@ipim.gov.mo24-hour Enquiry Hotline: (853) 2888 1212Monetary Authority of MacaoPresident: Mr Anselmo Teng Lin SengAddress: Calcada do Gaio, Nos. 24-26, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 8288Fax: (853) 2852 3622Website: http://www.amcm.gov.moE-mail: general@amcm.gov.mo455

Macao Yearbook 2013Under the Supervision of the Secretary for SecurityPublic Security Forces Affairs BureauDirector: Mr Pun Su PengDeputy Director: Ms Kok Fong MeiAddress: Calcada dos Quarteis, MacaoTel: (853) 2855 9999Fax: (853) 2855 9998Website: http://www.fsm.gov.moE-mail: info@fsm.gov.moPublic Security Police ForceCommissioner: Mr Lei Siu PengDeputy Commissioner: Mr Lai Kam KunDeputy Commissioner: Mr Mui San MengAddress: Praceta 1 de Outubro, Edf. Conforseg, MacaoTel: (853) 2857 3333Fax: (853) 2878 0826Website: http://www.fsm.gov.mo/pspE-mail: psp-info@fsm.gov.moJudiciary PoliceDirector: Mr Wong Sio ChakDeputy Director: Ms Cheong Ioc IengDeputy Director: Mr Chau Wai KuongAddress: Avenida da Amizade, No. 823, Edf. Polícia Judiciária, Macao (Sede)Tel: (853) 2855 7777Fax: (853) 2831 2780Website: http://www.pj.gov.moE-mail: nar@pj.gov.mo456

AppendicesMacao PrisonDirector: Mr Lee Kam CheongDeputy Director: Ms Loi Kam WanAddress: Estrada de Cheoc Van, Rua de S. Francisco Xavier, s/n, Coloane, MacaoTel: (853) 2888 1211Fax: (853) 2888 2431Enquiry/Complaints Hotline: (853) 8896 1280 / 8896 1283Website: http://www.epm.gov.moE-mail: info@epm.gov.moFire ServiceCommander: Mr Ma Io WengDeputy Commander: Mr Iu Chong HinActing Deputy Commander: Mr Leong Iok SamAddress: Avenida Doutor Stanley Ho, MacaoTel: (853) 8989 1300Fax: (853) 2836 1128Website: http://www.fsm.gov.mo/cbEmergency Hotline: (853) 2857 2222 / 119 / 120Enquiry/Complaints Hotline: (853) 8989 1373 / 8989 1374Academy of Macao Public Security ForcesDirector: Mr Hoi Sio IongDeputy Director: Mr Cheong Iok KuanAddress: Calcada do Quartel, Coloane, MacaoTel: (853) 2887 1112Fax: (853) 2887 1117 / 8899 0589Website: http://www.fsm.gov.mo/esfsm/default.htmE-mail: esfsm-info@fsm.gov.mo457

Macao Yearbook 2013Under the Supervision of the Secretary for Social Affairsand CultureHealth BureauDirector: Mr Lei Chin IonDeputy Director: Mr Chan Wai SinDeputy Director: Mr Cheang Seng IpDeputy Director: Ms Ho Ioc SanAddress: Estrada do Visconde de S. Januario, MacaoTel: (853) 2831 3731Fax: (853) 2871 3105Website: http://www.ssm.gov.moE-mail: info@ssm.gov.moEducation and Youth Affairs BureauDirector: Ms Leong LaiDeputy Director: Mr Lou Pak SangDeputy Director: Ms Kuok Sio LaiAddress: Avenida de D. Joao IV, Nos. 7-9, 1° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2855 5533Fax: (853) 2831 7307Website: http://www.dsej.gov.moE-mail: webmaster@dsej.gov.moCultural Affairs BureauPresident: Mr Guilherme Ung Vai MengVice President: Mr Leung Hio MingVice President: Mr Yao Jing MingAddress: Praca do Tap Seac, Edf. do Instituto Cultural, MacaoTel: (853) 2836 6866Fax: (853) 2836 6899Website: http://www.icm.gov.moE-mail: webmaster@icm.gov.mo458

AppendicesGovernment Tourist OfficeDirector: Ms Maria Helena de Senna FernandesDeputy Director: Mr Manuel Goncalves Pires JuniorDeputy Director: Ms Tse Heng SaiAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 335-341, Edf. Hotline, 12° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2831 5566Fax: (853) 2851 0104Website: http://www.macautourism.gov.moE-mail: mgto@macautourism.gov.moSocial Welfare BureauPresident: Mr Iong Kong IoVice President: Ms Vong Yim MuiAddress: Estrada do Cemiterio, No. 6, MacaoTel: (853) 2851 2512Fax: (853) 2855 9529Website: http://www.ias.gov.moE-mail: dep@ias.gov.moMacao Sports Development BoardPresident: Mr Jose Fonseca Tavares (Acting)Vice President: Mr Pun Weng KunAddress: Avenida do Dr Rodrigo Rodrigues, Forum de Macau, Bloco I, 4° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2858 0762Fax: (853) 2834 3708Website: http://www.sport.gov.moE-mail: sport@macau.ctm.net459

Macao Yearbook 2013Tertiary Education Services OfficeDirector: Mr Sou Chio FaiDeputy Director: Ms Silvia Ribeiro Osorio HoAddress: Avenida do Dr. Rodrigo Rodrigues, Nos. 614A-640, Edf. Long Cheng, 5º-7º andares,Macao (c/entrada pela Rua de Goa, No. 105, Macao)Tel: (853) 2834 5403Fax: (853) 2831 8401Website: http://www.gaes.gov.moE-mail: info@gaes.gov.moInstitute for Tourism StudiesPresident: Dr Fanny Vong Chuk KwanVice President: Ms Florence Ian Mei KunAddress: Colina de Mong Ha, MacaoTel: (853) 2856 1252Fax: (853) 2851 9058Website: http://www.ift.edu.moE-mail: iftpr@ift.edu.moSocial Security FundPresident of Administrative Council: Mr Ip Peng KinVice President of Administrative Council: Ms Chan Pou WanAddress: Rua de Eduardo Marques, Nos. 2-6, MacaoTel: (853) 2853 2850Fax: (853) 2853 284024-hour Hotline: (853) 2823 8238Website: http://www.fss.gov.moE-mail: at@fss.gov.mo460

AppendicesMacau Grand Prix CommitteeCoordinator: Mr Joao Manuel Costa AntunesAddress: Avenida da Amizade, No. 207, Edf. do Grande Premio, MacaoTel: (853) 8796 2268Fax: (853) 2872 7309Website: http://www.macau.grandprix.gov.moE-mail: macaugp@cgpm.gov.moTourism Crisis Management OfficeCoordinator: Ms Maria Helena de Senna FernandesAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 335-341, Edf. Hotline, 5° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 3993Fax: (853) 2872 2726Website: http://www.ggct.gov.moE-mail: info@ggct.gov.mo24-hour Overseas Macao Tourist Hotline: (853) 2833 3000Macau Tourism Promotion and Information Center in PortugalDirector: Mr Rodolfo Manuel Baptista FaustinoAddress: Av. 5 de Outubro, No. 115, r/c, 1069-204 Lisboa, PortugalTel: (351) 21 793 6542Fax: (351) 21 796 0956E-mail: geral@turismodemacau.com.pt461

Macao Yearbook 2013University of MacauRector: Prof. Wei ZhaoVice Rector (Academic Affairs): Prof. Ho Shun ManVice Rector (Research): Prof. Rui Paulo da Silva MartinsVice Rector (Student Affairs): Prof. Haydn ChenVice Rector (Administration): Dr. Lai Iat LongAddress: Avenida Padre Tomas Pereira, Taipa, MacaoTel: (853) 2883 1622Fax: (853) 2883 1694Website: http://www.umac.moE-mail: info@umac.moMacao Polytechnic InstitutePresident: Prof. Lei Heong IokVice President: Prof. Yin LeiSecretary General: Ms Chan Wai CheongAddress: Rua de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, MacaoTel: (853) 2857 8722Fax: (853) 2830 8801Website: http://www.ipm.edu.moE-mail: webadmin@ipm.edu.moUnder the Supervision of the Secretary for Transportand Public WorksLands, Public Works and Transport BureauDirector: Mr Jaime Roberto CarionDeputy Director: Ms Chan Pou HaDeputy Director: Mr Shin Chung Low Kam HongAddress: Estrada de D. Maria II, No. 33, Edf. CEM, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 2488Fax: (853) 2834 0019Website: http://www.dssopt.gov.moE-mail: info@dsopt.gov.mo462

AppendicesCartography and Cadastre BureauDirector: Mr Chan Hon PengAddress: Estrada de D. Maria II, Nos. 32-36, Edf. CEM, 5°-6° andares, MacaoTel: (853) 2834 0040Fax: (853) 2834 0046Website: http://www.dscc.gov.moE-mail: mail@dscc.gov.moMarine and Water BureauDirector: Ms Wong Soi ManDeputy Director: Mr Vong Kam FaiAddress: Calcada da Barra, Quartel dos Mouros, MacaoP.O. Box: P.O. Box 47, MacaoTel: (853) 2855 9922Fax: (853) 2851 1986Website: http://www.marine.gov.moE-mail: info@marine.gov.moMacao PostDirector: Ms Derby Lau Wai MengDeputy Director: Mr Chiu Chan CheongDeputy Director: Ms Rosa LeongAddress: Largo do Senado, Edf. Sede dos CTT, MacaoTel: (853) 2857 4491Fax: (853) 2833 6603Website: http://www.macaupost.gov.moE-mail: macpost@macaupost.gov.mo463

Macao Yearbook 2013Meteorological and Geophysical BureauDirector: Mr Fong Soi KunAddress: Rampa do Observatorio, Taipa, MacaoTel: (853) 2885 0522Fax: (853) 2885 0557Website: http://www.smg.gov.moE-mail: meteo@smg.gov.moHousing BureauDirector: Mr Tam Kuong ManDeputy Director: Ms Kuoc Vai HanAddress: Travessa Norte do Patane, No. 102, Ilha Verde, MacaoTel: (853) 2859 4875Fax: (853) 2830 5909Website: http://www.ihm.gov.moE-mail: info@ihm.gov.moBureau of Telecommunications RegulationDirector: Mr Tou Veng KeongDeputy Director: Mr Hoi Chi LeongAddress: Avenida do Infante D. Henrique, Nos. 43-53A, Edf. The Macau Square, 22° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 8396 9166Fax: (853) 2835 6328Website: http://www.dsrt.gov.moE-mail: ifx@dsrt.gov.mo464

AppendicesTransport BureauDirector: Mr Wong WanDeputy Director: Mr Chiang Ngoc VaiAddress: Estrada de D. Maria II, No. 33, r/c, MacaoTel: (853) 8866 6666Fax: (853) 2875 0626Website: http://www.dsat.gov.moE-mail: info@dsat.gov.moEnvironmental Protection BureauDirector: Mr Cheong Sio KeiDeputy Director: Mr Vai Hoi IeongDeputy Director: Ms Vong Man HungAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, No. 393-437, Edf. Dynasty Plaza, 10° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2872 5134Fax: (853) 2872 5129Website: http://www.dspa.gov.moE-mail: info@dspa.gov.moInfrastructure Development OfficeDirector: Mr Chan Hon KitDeputy Director: Mr Chau Vai ManAddress: Avenida do Dr Rodrigo Rodrigues, Edf. Nam Kwong, 10° andar F, MacaoTel: (853) 2871 3724 / 2871 3725 / 2871 3726Fax: (853) 2871 3728Website: http://www.gdi.gov.moE-mail: gdi@macau.ctm.net465

Macao Yearbook 2013Office for the Development of the Energy SectorDirector: Mr Arnaldo Ernesto dos SantosDeputy Director: Mr Lou Sam CheongAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, No. 398, Edf. CNAC, 7° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2896 8838Fax: (853) 2896 8138Website: http://www.gdse.gov.moE-mail: info@gdse.gov.moTransportation Infrastructure OfficeDirector: Mr Lei Chan TongDeputy Director: Mr Ho Cheong KeiDeputy Director: Mr Andre Duarte Xavier Sales RitchieAddress: Rua Dr Pedro Jose Lobo, Nos. 1-3, Edf. Luso Internacional, 26° andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2881 3721 / 2881 3722Fax: (853) 2881 3260Website: http://www.git.gov.moE-mail: info@git.gov.moCivil Aviation AuthorityPresident: Mr Chan Weng HongAddress: Alameda Dr Carlos d’Assumpcao, Nos. 336-342, Centro Comercial Cheng Fung, 18°andar, MacaoTel: (853) 2851 1213Fax: (853) 2833 8089Website: http://www.aacm.gov.moE-mail: aacm@aacm.gov.mo466

AppendicesAppendix 7Representative Offices of the Macao SAR GovernmentTourist OfficeAsia/PacificHong KongAddress: Flat 3, 7/F, Charm Centre, No. 700 Castle Peak Road, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, HongKongTel: (852) 2838 8680Fax: (852) 2838 8032 / 3118 2993E-mail: mgto@macautourism.com.hkTaiwan (Public Relations Consultant)Address: 10/F-C, No.167, Tun Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, TaiwanTel: (886) 2 25466086Fax: (886) 2 25466087E-mail: mgtottwn@ms27.hinet.netJapanAddress: Hirakawacho KD Building 7F, 2-16-9 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, JapanTel: (81) 3 5275 2537Fax: (81) 3 5275 2535Website: http://jp.macautourism.gov.moE-mail: macau@milepost.co.jpSouth KoreaAddress: Suite 908, Baiknam Building, 188-3, Euljiro 1-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, South KoreaTel: (82) 2 778 4402Fax: (82) 2 778 4404Website: http://kr.macautourism.gov.moE-mail: korea@macautourism.kr467

Macao Yearbook 2013MalaysiaAddress: Level 6, Office Tower, No. 1 Jalan Nagasari (Off Jalan Raja Chulan), 50200 KualaLumpur, MalaysiaTel: (60) 3 2144 2500Fax: (60) 3 2143 5886 / 3 2148 1357Website: http://my.macautourism.gov.moE-mail: mgto@pacificworld.travelSingaporeAddress: 371 Beach Road, #12-06 KeyPoint, Singapore 199597, SingaporeTel: (65) 6292 5383Fax: (65) 6292 5882E-mail: mgto@pacleisure.comIndonesiaAddress: Jl. Dr Sahardjo, No. 96A, Jakarta 12960, IndonesiaTel: (62) 21 830 5664 / 21 9286 9560Fax: (62) 21 8370 5913Website: http://id.macautourism.gov.moE-mail: mgto@intrareps.comIndiaOffice in MumbaiAddress: 504, Marine Chambers, 43, New Marine Lines, Opp SNDT College, Mumbai-400020, IndiaTel: (91) 22 2200 0262Fax: (91) 22 2207 0131E-mail: mumbai@mgtoindia.inOffice in New DelhiAddress: 72, Todarmal Road, Near Bengali Market, New Delhi-110001, IndiaTel: (91) 11 4166 9277Fax: (91) 11 4166 9577E-mail: macau@mgtoindia.in468

AppendicesAustraliaAddress: Level 11, 99 Bathurst Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, AustraliaTel: (61) 2 9264 1488Fax: (61) 2 9267 7717E-mail: macau@worldtradetravel.comNew ZealandAddress: Level 10, BDO Tower - 120 Albert Street, P.O. Box 6247, Wellesley St, Auckland, NewZealandTel: (64) 9 308 5206Fax: (64) 9 308 5207E-mail: macau@aviationandtourism.co.nzAmericaUSAOffice in CaliforniaAddress: 1334 Parkview Ave., Suite 300, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266, USATel: (1) 310 545 3464Fax: (1) 310 545 4221Toll free: 866 OK-MACAUE-mail: macau@myriadmarketing.comOffice in New YorkAddress: 501 5th Ave., Suite 1101, New York, NY 10017, USATel: (1) 646 227 0690Fax: (1) 646 366 8170E-mail: macau@myriadmarketing.com469

Macao Yearbook 2013EuropeFranceAddress: 5 Bis, Rue du Louvre, 75001 Paris, FranceTel: (33) 1 44778806Fax: (33) 1 42600545Website: http://www.macautourism.gov.mo/fr/Email: macau@expressconseil.comUnited Kingdom and IrelandOffice in LondonAddress: 2nd Floor, Magdalen House, 136-148 Tooley Street, London, SE1 2TU, United KingdomTel: (44) 0 8454989983Fax: (44) 0 2031170951E-mail: macau@humewhitehead.co.ukRussiaAddress: 11 Bolshaya Tulskaya Street, Business Center “Tulskij”, 115191 Moscow, RussiaTel: (7) 495 9815188Fax: (7) 495 9815188E-mail: info@macau-tourism.ruGerman-speaking MarketsAddress: Schenkendorfstrasse 1, 65187 Wiesbaden, GermanyTel: (49) 611 267 6730Fax: (49) 611 267 6760Website: http://de.macautourism.gov.moE-mail: macau@discover-fra.com470

AppendicesAppendix 8Countries Exercising Consular Jurisdiction in theMacao SARBy the end of December 2012, consular services had been established in the Macao SAR by 89countries, including several that extended the services of their consulates-general in Hong Kong toMacao, as well as those that may execute consular duties in the Macao SAR. Details of countriesare as follows (in alphabetical order):1. Three countries have set up consulates-general in the Macao SAR:Angola, the Philippines and Portugal2. Fifty-three consulates-general accredited to Hong Kong have also covered the Macao SAR,including several that may execute consular duties in the Macao SAR. In alphabetical order,they are:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada,Chile, Columbia, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India,Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia,Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan,Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, the United States of America, Venezuela,Vietnam and Zimbabwe.* China and Antigua and Barbuda have reached an agreement on the establishment of an Antigua andBarbuda Consulate-General in Hong Kong (which has not yet opened); the Consulates-General ofSamoa, the Bahamas and Denmark are currently closed; however the relevant agreements on theestablishments and expansion of consulates are still valid.3. Ten countries have appointed honorary consuls to the Macao SAR. In alphabetical order,they are:Cape Verde, Estonia, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Peru andUnited Kingdom.* The positions of honorary consuls of Bhutan, France and Surinam are currently vacant.4. Twenty countries with honorary consuls in Hong Kong cover or extend services to theMacao SAR. In alphabetical order, they are:Cyprus, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Hungary, Iceland, Kenya, Lithuania, Maldives, Morocco, Namibia,Norway, Rwanda, San Marino, Seychelles, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Sudan,Tanzania and Uruguay.471

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 9Visa-free Access for Holders of Macao SAR Passportsand Travel PermitsThe following countries/territories had granted visa-free access to Macao SAR passport and travelpermit holders (listed by continental regions):AsiaCountryMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayBrunei 14 days ---Cambodia 30 days c) ---Indonesia 28 days ---Israel 3 months ---Japan 90 days ---Jordanc)---Laos 30 days e) ---Lebanon 3 months ---Malaysia 30 days 14 daysMaldives 30 days 30 daysMongolia 90 days Agreement* ---Nepale)---Philippines 14 days ---Singapore 30 days ---South Korea 90 days ---Thailand 30 days Agreement* ---Timor-Lestec)---Turkey 30 days ---472

AppendicesCountryEuropeMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayAlbania 90 days ---Andorra 90 days ---Austria 90 days a) ---Belgium 90 days a) ---Bosnia and Herzegovina 90 days ---Bulgaria 90 days Agreement* ---Croatia 90 days ---Cyprus 3 months ---Czech Republic 90 days ---Denmark 90 days a) ---Estonia 90 days Agreement* ---Faroe Islands 3 months ---Finland 90 days a) ---France 90 days a) ---Germany 90 days a) ---Gibraltar --- ---Greece 90 days a) ---Hungary 90 days Agreement* ---Iceland 90 days a) ---Ireland 90 days ---Italy 90 days a) ---Latvia 90 days Agreement* ---Liechtenstein 90 days Agreement* ---Lithuania 90 days Agreement* ---Luxembourg 90 days a) ---Macedonia 90 days ---Malta 90 days ---Monaco 90 days ---Montenegro 90 days ---Norway 90 days a) ---Poland 90 days Agreement* ---Portugal 90 days a) ---Romania 90 days ---473

Macao Yearbook 2013CountryEuropeMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of Stay(Cont.)Macao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayRussia 30 days Agreement* ---San Marino 20 days ---Serbia 90 days Agreement* ---Slovak Republic 90 days Agreement* ---Slovenia 90 days ---Spain 90 days a) ---Sweden 90 days a) ---Switzerland 90 days Agreement* ---The Netherlands 90 days a) ---United Kingdom 6 months ---AfricaCountryMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayCape Verde 90 days 90 daysEgypt 90 days ---EthiopiaKenya 3 months c) ---La Reunion 3 months b) ---Madagascar 90 days c) ---Mali 90 days Agreement* 90 days Agreement*Mayotte 3 months b) ---Mauritius 90 days ---Mozambique 30 days c) ---Namibia 30 days Agreement* 30 days Agreement*Sao Tome and Principe 30 days d) ---Seychelles 30 days 30 daysSouth Africa 30 days ---St. Helena 4-9 days ---Tanzania 90 days ---Ugandaf)c)------474

AppendicesCountryAmericaMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayAnguilla 3 months ---Aruba 3 months ---Brazil 90 days ---British Virgin Islands 6 months ---Chile 30 days ---Dominica 90 days Agreement* 90 days Agreement*Dominican Republic 30 days c) ---Greenland 3 months ---(Effective from 27/04/2013,Grenada90 days 90 daysAgreement*)Mexico 90 days Agreement* ---Netherlands Antilles --- ---French Guiana 3 months b) ---Guadeloupe 3 months b) ---Martinique 3 months b) ---St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1 month ---Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 3 months b) ---(Effective from 27/04/2013,Agreement*)OceaniaCountryMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayFiji 4 months ---French Polynesia 3 months b) ---Kiribati 30 days 30 daysMicronesia 30 days ---Niue 30 days ---Palau 30 days c) ---Samoa 30 days Agreement* 30 days Agreement*Tonga 31 days c) ---475

Macao Yearbook 2013Oceania(Cont.)CountryMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of StayVanuatu 30 days ---Wallis and Futuna 3 months b) ---Indian OceanCountryFrench Southern andAntarctic LandsMacao SAR PassportMaximum Period of StayMacao SAR Travel PermitMaximum Period of Stay3 months b) ---Remark:* Visa-Waiver Program between Macau SAR Government and related countries or regions.a) According to the Regulation of the Council of the European Union no. 539/2001 of 15 March 2001,published in the Gazette of European Union of 21 March 2001, the above European countries havegranted Visa-free access to Macao SAR passport holders. This privilege is onlyapplicable within the local territories in Europe.b) Effective from 1 January 2002, holders of the Macao Special Administrative Region Passports would begranted visa-free access to the Overseas Departments of the French Republic(Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion), the Territory of Mayotte, the Territory of Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, French Polynesia, the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands as well as FrenchSouthern Hemisphere and Antarctic Land.c) Visa-on-arrivald) A visa may only be granted if prior arrangements have been made by the transporting carrier up to 24hours prior to flight departure. To request a visa on arrival, contact carrier concerned directly.e) Visa granted upon arrival and two recent photos are required.f) Visa granted upon arrival or applied through the Embassy of Ethiopia in advance.Notes:1. Some countries require passports or travel permits to be valid for six months beyond the date of entryinto such a country.2. The following countries do not issue visas to Macao SAR travel permit holders:South AfricaMoroccoFor updated information about visa-free treatment for Macao SAR passport and travel permit holders,please visit the website of the Identification Department of the Macao SAR Government at http://www.dsi.gov.mo.Sources: Identification Services Bureau of the Macao SAR Government476

AppendicesAppendix 10Countries/Territories Granted Visa-free Access by theMacao SARPassport holders of the following countries and territories had been granted visa-free access bythe Macao SAR (listed by continental regions):AsiaCountryBruneiIndiaIndonesiaIsraelJapanLebanonMalaysiaMongoliaPhilippinesSingaporeSouth KoreaThailandTurkeyMaximum Period of Stay14 days30 days30 days3 months90 days90 days30 days90 days30 days30 days90 days30 days30 daysEuropeCountryAlbaniaAndorraAustriaBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaMaximum Period of Stay90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days477

Macao Yearbook 2013Europe(Cont.)CountryCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMonacoMontenegroNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainMaximum Period of Stay90 days3 months90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days30 days90 days90 days90 days90 days30 days90 days90 days90 days90 days90 days30 days90 days90 days90 days90 days478

AppendicesEurope(Cont.)CountrySwedenSwitzerlandThe NetherlandsUnited KingdomMaximum Period of Stay90 days30 days90 days6 monthsAmericaCountryMaximum Period of StayBrazil90 daysCanada30 daysChile30 daysDominica90 daysGrenada 90 days (Effective from 27/04/2013)Mexico30 daysThe United States of America30 daysUruguay30 daysAfricaCountryCape VerdeEgyptMaliMauritiusNamibiaSeychellesSouth AfricaTanzaniaMaximum Period of Stay90 days90 days90 days90 days30 days30 days30 days90 days479

Macao Yearbook 2013Oceania(Cont.)CountryAustraliaKiribatiNew ZealandSamoaMaximum Period of Stay30 days30 days30 days30 daysNotes:Visa-free is applicable to the following visitors of Chinese nationality who hold legally valid travel documentsfor entry into/departure from Macao:a) Residents from Mainland China (for a period of up to 30 days)b) Hong Kong SAR residents holding:(i) Hong Kong Identity Card with symbols “*”, “***”, or “R”,(ii) Hong Kong Permanent Resident Identity Card, or(iii) Return Permit (for a period of up to one year)c) Taiwan residents (for a period of up to 30 days)For more information, please visit the website of the Immigration Department of the Public Security Policeof the Macao SAR Government at http://www.fsm.gov.mo/psp/eng/main.htmlOther related homepages:Macao SAR Government - http://portal.gov.mo/web/guest/welcomepageMacau Government Tourist Office - http://www.macautourism.gov.mo480

AppendicesAppendix 11Multilateral Treaties Applicable to the Macao SAR(by Subject – last updated in 2012)I – Civil Aviation1. Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air,signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 (Warsaw Convention), as amended by the2. Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to InternationalCarriage by Air, signed at The Hague on 28 September 1955 (Hague Protocol)3. Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944 (ChicagoConvention), as amended by the:4. Protocol relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Article45 – Permanent Seat of the International Civil Aviation Organization), done at Montreal on14 June 1954; and the5. Protocol relating to certain Amendments to the Convention on International Civil Aviation(Articles 48(a), 49(e) and 61), done at Montreal on 14 June 1954; and the6. Protocol relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Article48(a)), concluded at Rome on 15 September 1962; and the7. Protocol relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Article50(a)), concluded at New York on 12 March 1971; and the8. Protocol on the Authentic Quadrilingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation,done at Montreal on 30 September 1977; and the9. Protocol relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Article83-bis), done at Montreal on 6 October 1980; and the10. Protocol relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (newArticle 3-bis), done at Montreal on 10 May 1984; and the11. Protocol relating to an Amendment to Article 56 of the Convention on International CivilAviation, done at Montreal on 6 October 1989; and the12. Protocol relating to an Amendment to Article 50 (a) of the Convention on International CivilAviation, done at Montreal on 26 October 199013. International Air Services Transit Agreement, signed at Chicago on 7 December 194414. Convention on the International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft, done at Geneva on 19 June194815. Convention for the Unification of certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, done atMontreal on 28 May 1999481

Macao Yearbook 2013II – Customs16. Convention relating to International Exhibitions, signed at Paris on 22 November 1928,amended and supplemented by the Protocols of 10 May 1948, 16 November 1966 and 30November 1972 and by the amendments of 24 June 1982 and 31 May 198817. Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring, done at New York on 4 June 195418. Additional Protocol to the Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring, relating tothe Importation of Tourist Publicity Documents and Material, done at New York on 4 June195419. Customs Convention concerning the Facilities for the importation of Goods for Display orUse at Exhibitions, Fairs, Meetings or Similar Events, done at Brussels on 8 June 196120. Customs Convention on the A.T.A. Carnet for the Temporary Admission of Goods, done atBrussels on 6 December 196121. Amendment to the Annex to the Convention on the A.T.A. Carnet for the Temporary Admissionof Goods (New Model of A.T.A. Carnet), done at Brussels on 18 June 200222. Customs Convention concerning Welfare Material for Seafarers, done at Brussels on 1December 196423. Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Scientific Equipment, done at Brusselson 11 June 196824. International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System,done at Brussels on 14 June 1983 (4th Revision of the Harmonized Commodity Descriptionand Coding System, approved by Resolution of the World Customs Organization of 26 June2004 (2007 Amendments to the HS)25. Protocol of Amendment to the International Convention on the Harmonized CommodityDescription and Coding System, done at Brussels on 24 June 1986III – Drugs26. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, done at New York on 30 March 1961 as amendedby the27. Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, concluded at Geneva on25 March 197228. Convention on Psychotropic Substances, concluded at Vienna on 21 February 197129. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances, concluded at Vienna on 20 December 1988482

AppendicesIV – Economic and Financial30. Convention Providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes (withAnnexes and Protocol), done at Geneva on 7 June 193031. Convention for the Settlement of Certain Conflicts of Laws in Connection with Bills ofExchange and Promissory Notes (and Protocol), done at Geneva on 7 June 193032. Convention on the Stamp Laws in Connection with Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes(and Protocol), done at Geneva on 7 June 193033. Convention Providing a Uniform Law for Cheques (Annexes and Protocol), done at Genevaon 19 March 193134. Convention for the Settlement of Certain Conflicts of Laws in Connection with Cheques (andProtocol), done at Geneva on 19 March 193135. Convention on the Stamp Laws in Connection with Cheques (and Protocol), done at Genevaon 19 March 193136. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of OtherStates, done at Washington on 18 March 1965V – Education, Science, Technology, Culture and Sport37. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of OuterSpace, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, done in triplicate at London, Moscowand Washington on 27 January 196738. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of ObjectsLaunched into Outer Space, done in triplicate at London, Moscow and Washington on 22 April196839. Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, done atParis on 23 November 197240. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, done at Paris on 17October 200341. International Convention Against Doping in Sport, done at Paris on 19 October 200542. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, doneat Paris on 20 October 200543. Intergovernmental Educational Cooperation Agreement of Shanghai Cooperation OrganizationMember States, signed at Shanghai on 15 June 2006VI – Environment and Conservation44. International Plant Protection Convention, done at Rome on 6 December 1951, as amended483

Macao Yearbook 2013by Resolution 12/97 of the 29th Session of the FAO Conference, adopted at Rome on 17November 1997 (New Revised Text of the International Plant Protection Convention)45. Plant Protection Agreement for the Asia and Pacific Region, adopted at Rome on 27 February1956 as amended in 1967, 1979 and 198346. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, done atWashington on 3 March 1973 (CITES)47. Amendment to Article XI of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Speciesof Wild Fauna and Flora, adopted at Bonn by the Extraordinary Session of the Conference ofStates Parties on 22 June 1979 (Bonn Amendment)48. Amendment to Article XXI of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Speciesof Wild Fauna and Flora, adopted at Gabarone by the Extraordinary Session of the Conferenceof States Parties on 30 April 1983 (Gabarone Amendment) (* 1 )49. Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (with Annex), concludedat Canberra on 20 May 198050. Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, concluded at Vienna on 22 March1985, as amended by the:51. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, concluded at Montreal on 16September 1987; and the52. Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adoptedat London on 29 June 1990 (London Amendment); and the53. Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adoptedat Copenhagen on 25 November 1992 (Copenhagen Amendment); and the54. Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adoptedat Montreal on 17 September 1997 (Montreal Amendment); and the55. Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adoptedat Beijing on 3 December 1999 (Beijing Amendment)56. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes andTheir Disposal, concluded at Basel on 22 March 1989 (Basel Convention) as amended by:57. Decision III/1, adopted by the Third Conference of the States Parties in Geneva, on 22September 1995 (Basel Ban)58. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, concluded at New York on 9 May199259. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, done atKyoto on 11 December 199760. Convention on Biological Diversity, done at Nairobi on 22 May 199261. Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous484

AppendicesChemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, done at Rotterdam on 10 September 1998(Rotterdam Convention)62. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, adopted at Stockholm on 22 May2001 (Stockholm Convention)63. International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, done at Londonon 23 March 2001VII – Foreign Affairs and Defence64. Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, done at The Hague on 29 July189965. Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, done at The Hague on 18October 190766. Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases,and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, done at Geneva on 17 June 192567. Protocol regarding the Immunities of the Bank for International Settlements, done at Brusselson 30 July 193668. Charter of the United Nations, done at San Francisco on 26 June 1945, as amended on 20December 197169. Statute of the International Court Of Justice, signed at San Francisco on 26 June 194570. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted at London on13 February 194671. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialised Agencies, adopted at NewYork on 21 November 194772. Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick inArmed Forces in the Field, done at Geneva on 12 August 194973. Geneva Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick andShipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, done at Geneva on 12 August 194974. Geneva Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva on 12August 194975. Geneva Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, doneat Geneva on 12 August 194976. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protectionof Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), done at Geneva on 8 June 197777. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protectionof Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), done at Geneva on 8 June 1977485

Macao Yearbook 201378. Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (andRegulations for its Execution), done at The Hague on 14 May 195479. Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of ArmedConflict, done at The Hague on 14 May 1954 (First Protocol)80. Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency, doneat Vienna on 1 July 195981. The Antarctic Treaty, done at Washington on 1 December 195982. Protocol on Environment Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (and its Annexes I, II, III and IV),done at Madrid on 4 October 199183. Annex V to the Protocol on Environment Protection to the Antarctic Treaty on Area Protectionand Management, adopted at Bonn by the 16th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting on 17October 199184. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, done at Vienna on 18 April 196185. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna on 24 April 196386. Additional Protocol II to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin Americaand Caribbean, done at Mexico City on 14 February 196787. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done in triplicate, at London, Moscowand Washington on 1 July 196888. Convention on the Law of Treaties, done at Vienna on 23 May 196989. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons ofMass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof, done intriplicate, at London, Moscow and Washington on 11 February 197190. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling ofBacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, done in triplicate,at London, Moscow and Washington on 10 April 197291. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally ProtectedPersons, Including Diplomatic Agents, adopted at New York on 14 December 197392. Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of EnvironmentalModification Techniques (with Annex), adopted at New York on 10 December 197693. Protocol relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization Privileges,Exemptions and Immunities, done at Washington on 19 May 197894. Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weaponswhich May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, doneat Geneva on 10 October 1980 and as amended on 21 December 2001, and the95. Protocol on Non-Detectable Fragments, done at Geneva on 10 October 1980 (Protocol I)96. Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices,done at Geneva on 10 October 1980 and as amended on 3 May 1996 (Protocol II)486

Appendices97. Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons, done at Genevaon 10 October 1980 (Protocol III)98. Additional Protocol to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of CertainConventional Weapons which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to HaveIndiscriminate Effects, done at Vienna on 13 October 1995 (Protocol IV on Blinding LaserWeapons)99. Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War, done at Geneva on 28 November 2003 (ProtocolV)100. Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Maritime Satellite Organization,done at London on 1 December 1981101. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, done at Montego Bay, Jamaica, on 10December 1982102. Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention onthe Law of the Sea, adopted at New York on 28 July 1994103. Additional Protocols II and III to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, done at Suvaon 8 August 1986104. Regional Co-operative Agreement for Research, Development and Training related to NuclearScience and Technology, done at Vienna, on 2 of February 1987 (1987-RCA)105. Fourth Agreement to Extend the 1987 Regional Co-operative Agreement for Research,Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology, done at Vienna, on22 of June 2006 (2006-RCA)106. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling and Useof Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, done at Paris on 13 January 1993 and asamended in 1999107. Convention on the Safety of the United Nations and Associated Personnel, adopted at NewYork on 9 December 1994108. Protocols I and II to the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty, opened for signature inCairo on 11 April 1996 (Protocols I and II to the Pelindaba Treaty)109. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,adopted at Tashkent on 17 June 2004110. Framework Agreement for International Collaboration on Research and Development ofGeneration IV Nuclear Energy Systems, done at Washington on 28 February 2005111. Treaty among the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Long-termGood-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation, signed at Bishkek on 16 August 2007112. Agreement on the Host Country of the Secretariat between the People’s Republic of Chinaand the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (concluded at Tashkent on 17 June 2004)487

Macao Yearbook 2013113. Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the ITER International Fusion EnergyOrganization for the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project, done at Paris on 21 November2006114. Host Country Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China andthe Typhoon Committee regarding the Typhoon Committee Secretariat, done at Manila on 7December 2006VIII – Health115. World Health Organization Regulations regarding Nomenclature (including the Compilationand Publication of Statistics) with Respect to Diseases and Causes of Death, done at Genevaon 22 May 1967 (and the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases of 17May 1990 (ICD-10))116. International Health Regulations, adopted at Boston on 25 July 1969 as amended by theTwenty-Sixth World Health Assembly in 1973 and the Thirty-Fourth World Health Assemblyin 1981 and as revised the Fifty-Eight World Health Assembly on 23 May 2005 (IHR (2005))117. World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, done at Geneva on21 May 2003IX – Human Rights118. Slavery Convention, signed at Geneva on 25 September 1926119. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted at Parison 9 December 1948120. Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of theProstitution of Others, adopted at Lake Success, New York on 2 December 1949121. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, done at Geneva on 28 July 1951122. Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, done at New York on 31 January 1967123. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions andPractices Similar to Slavery, done at Geneva on 7 September 1956124. Convention Against Discrimination in Education, adopted at Paris on 14 December 1960125. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, adoptedat New York on 21 December 1965; as amended by the126. Amendment to Article 8 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms ofRacial Discrimination, adopted at New York on 15 January 1992127. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted at New York on 16 December1966488

Appendices128. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted at New York on16 December 1966129. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted atNew York on 18 December 1979; as amended by the130. Amendment to Article 20(1) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms ofDiscrimination Against Women, adopted at New York on 22 December 1995131. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,adopted at New York on 10 December 1984; as amended by the132. Amendments to articles 17(7) and 18(5) of the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted at New York on 8 September 1992133. Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted at New York on 20 November 1989; asamended by the134. Amendment to Article 43, paragraph 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adoptedat New York on 12 December 1995135. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on the Sale of Children,Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, adopted at New York on 25 May 2000136. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on the Involvement ofChildren in Armed Conflicts, adopted at New York on 25 May 2000137. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted at New York on 13 December2006X – Intellectual Property138. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, done at Paris on 20 March 1883as last revised at Stockholm on 14 July 1967 and as amended on 2 October 1979 (ParisConvention)139. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, done at Berne on 9September 1886, as last revised at Paris on 24 July 1971 and as amended on 28 September1979 (Berne Convention)140. Universal Copyright Convention, done at Geneva on 6 September 1952 and as revised atParis on 24 July 1971141. Agreement concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposesof the Registration of Marks, done at Nice on 15 June 1957, as revised at Stockholm on 14July 1967 and at Geneva on 13 May 1977, and as amended on 28 September 1979 (NiceAgreement) (9th edition of the Nice Classification International Classification of Goods andServices, adopted by the Committee of Experts of the Nice Union at its 19th and 20th sessionsheld in 2-10 October 2003 and 10-14 October 2005)489

Macao Yearbook 2013XI – International Crime142. Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, done at Tokyoon 14 September 1963 (Tokyo Convention)143. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done at The Hague on 16December 1970 (Hague Convention)144. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation, doneat Montreal on 23 September 1971 (Montreal Convention)145. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving InternationalCivil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful ActsAgainst the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 24 February 1988146. International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages, adopted at New York on 17December 1979147. International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted at New Yorkon 15 December 1997148. International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, adopted at NewYork on 9 December 1999149. United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted at New Yorkon 15 November 2000 (Palermo Convention)150. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women andChildren, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational OrganizedCrime, adopted at New York on 15 November 2000151. Shanghai Convention on combating terrorism, separatism and extremism, done at Shanghaion 15 June 2001152. Convention against Corruption, adopted at New York on 31 October 2003153. Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Shipsin Asia, concluded at Tokyo on 11 November 2004XII – International Trade154. Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, done at Geneva on 12 April 1979155. Information Technology Agreement, i.e., World Trade Organization Ministerial Declarationon Trade in Information Technology Products, done in Singapore on 13 December 1996 (ITA)XIII – Labour156. Convention Limiting the Hours of Work in Industrial Undertakings to Eight in the Day andForty-Eight in the Week, adopted at Washington on 29 October 1919, as modified by the Final490

AppendicesArticles Revision Convention, 1946 (Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919) (ILO CNo. 1)157. Convention concerning the Night Work of Young Persons Employed in Industry, adoptedat Washington on 29 October 1919, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention,1946 (Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention, 1919) (ILO C No. 6)158. Convention concerning the Application of the Weekly Rest in Industrial Undertakings, adoptedat Geneva on 25 October 1921, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946(Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention, 1921) (ILO C No. 14)159. Convention concerning Workmen’s Compensation for Accidents, adopted at Geneva on10 June 1925, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Workmen’sCompensation (Accidents) Convention, 1925) (ILO C No. 17)160. Convention concerning Workmen’s Compensation for Occupational Diseases, adopted atGeneva on 10 June 1925, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946(Workmen’s Compensation (Occupational Diseases) Convention, 1925) (ILO C No. 18)161. Convention concerning Equality of Treatment for National and Foreign Workers as regardsWorkmen’s Compensation for Accidents, adopted at Geneva on 5 June 1925, as modified bythe Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Equality of Treatment (Accident Compensation)Convention, 1925) (ILO C No. 19)162. Convention concerning Seamen’s Articles of Agreement, adopted at Geneva on 24 June1926, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Seamen’s Articles ofAgreement Convention, 1926) (ILO C No. 22)163. Convention concerning the Repatriation of Seamen, adopted at Geneva on 23 June 1926,as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Repatriation of SeamenConvention, 1926) (ILO C No. 23)164. Convention concerning the Creation of Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery, adopted at Genevaon 16 June 1928, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (MinimumWage-Fixing Machinery Convention, 1928) (ILO C No. 26)165. Convention concerning the Marking of the Weight on Heavy Packages Transported by Vessels,adopted at Geneva on 21 June 1929, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention,1946 (Marking of Weight (Packages Transported by Vessels) Convention, 1929) (ILO C No.27)166. Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour, adopted at Geneva on 28 June 1930,as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Forced Labour Convention,1930) (ILO C No. 29)167. Convention concerning Food and Catering for Crews on Board Ship, adopted at Seattle on 27June 1946, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Food and Catering(Ships’ Crews) Convention, 1946) (ILO C No. 68)168. Convention concerning the Certification of Ships’ Cooks, adopted at Seattle on 27 June 1946,491

Macao Yearbook 2013as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Certification of Ships’ CooksConvention 1946) (ILO C No. 69)169. Convention concerning the Medical Examination of Seafarers, adopted at Seattle on 29 June1946, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Medical Examination(Seafarers) Convention, 1946) (ILO C No. 73)170. Convention concerning the Certification of Able Seamen, adopted at Seattle on 29 June 1946,as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946 (Certification of Able SeamenConvention, 1946) (ILO C No. 74)171. Convention for the Partial Revision of the Conventions, adopted at Montreal on 9 October1946 (Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946) (ILO C No. 80)172. Convention concerning Labour Inspection in Industry and Commerce, adopted at Genevaon 11 July 1947 (Labour Inspection Convention, 1947) (ILO C No. 81)173. Convention concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise,adopted at San Francisco on 9 July 1948 (Freedom of Association and Protection of the Rightto Organise Convention, 1948) (ILO C No. 87)174. Convention concerning the Organisation of the Employment Service, adopted at San Franciscoon 9 July 1948 (Employment Service Convention, 1948) (ILO C No. 88)175. Convention concerning Crew Accommodation on Board Ship (Revised 1949), adopted atGeneva on 18 June 1949 (Accommodation of Crews Convention (Revised), 1949) (ILO CNo. 92)176. Convention concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and toBargain Collectively, adopted at Geneva on 1 July 1949 (Right to Organise and CollectiveBargaining Convention, 1949) (ILO C No. 98)177. Convention concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of EqualValue, adopted at Geneva on 29 June 1951 (Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951) (ILO CNo. 100)178. Convention concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour, adopted at Geneva on 25 June 1957(Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957) (ILO C No. 105)179. Convention concerning Weekly Rest in Commerce and Offices, adopted at Geneva on 26June 1957 (Weekly Rest (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1957) (ILO C No. 106)180. Convention concerning Seafarers’ National Identity Documents, adopted at Geneva on 13May 1958 (Seafarers’ Identity Documents Convention, 1958) (ILO C No. 108)181. Convention concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation, adoptedat Geneva on 25 June 1958 (Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention,1958) (ILO C No. 111)182. Convention concerning the Protection of Workers against Ionising Radiations, adopted atGeneva on 22 June 1960 (Radiation Protection Convention, 1960) (ILO C No. 115)492

Appendices183. Convention concerning Hygiene in Commerce and Offices, adopted at Geneva on 8 July1964 (Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1964) (ILO C No. 120)184. Convention concerning Employment Policy, adopted at Geneva on 9 July 1964 (EmploymentPolicy Convention, 1964) (ILO C No. 122)185. Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, adopted at Genevaon 26 June 1973 (Minimum Age Convention, 1973) (ILO C No. 138)186. Convention concerning Tripartite Consultations to Promote the Implementation ofInternational Labour Standards, adopted at Geneva on 21 June 1976 (ILO C No. 144)(Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976)187. Convention concerning the Protection of Workers against Occupational Hazards in theWorking Environment Due to Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration, adopted at Geneva on 20June 1977 (Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977)(ILO C No. 148)188. Convention concerning Labour Administration: Role, Functions and Organisation, adoptedat Geneva on 26 June 1978 (Labour Administration Convention, 1978) (ILO C No. 150)189. Convention concerning Occupational Safety and Health and the Working Environment,adopted at Geneva on 22 June 1981 (Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981)(ILO C No. 155)190. Convention concerning Safety and Health in Construction, adopted at Geneva on 20 June1988 (Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988) (ILO C No. 167)191. Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of theWorst Forms of Child Labour, adopted at Geneva on 17 June 1999 (Worst Forms of ChildLabour Convention, 1999) (ILO C No. 182)XIV – Maritime192. International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law with respect to Collisionbetween Vessels, done at Brussels on 23 September 1910193. Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Assistance and Salvageat Sea, done at Brussels on 23 September 1910194. International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills ofLading, done at Brussels on 25 August 1924195. International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules concerning Civil Jurisdictionin Matters of Collision, done at Brussels on 10 May 1952196. International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to Penal Jurisdictionin Matters of Collision or Other Incidents of Navigation, done at Brussels on 10 May 1952197. International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to the Arrest of Sea-Going Ships, done at Brussels on 10 May 1952493

Macao Yearbook 2013198. International Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-GoingShips, done at Brussels on 10 October 1957199. Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic, done at London on 9 April1965, as amended (FAL (amended) 1965)200. International Convention on Load Lines, done at London on 5 April 1966 (LL 1966)201. Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention on Load Lines, done at London on11 November 1988; as amended by its 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2008 Amendments202. International Convention on Tonnage measurements of Ships, done at London on 23 June1969 (TONNAGE 1969)203. International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil PollutionCasualties, done at Brussels on 29 November 1969 (INTERVENTION 1969)204. Protocol relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Pollution by Substances otherthan Oil, done at London on 2 November 1973, as amended (INTERVENTION PROT 1973amended)205. Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, as amended,done at London on 20 October 1972 (COLREG 1972)206. International Convention for Safe Containers, done at Geneva on 2 December 1972, asamended (CSC 1972)207. Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, done atAthens on 13 December 1974 (PAL CONVENTION 1974)208. Protocol (of 1976) to the Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and theirLuggage by Sea, 1974, done at London on 19 November 1976 (PAL PROT 1976)209. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter,done in quadruplicate at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December1972 (LDC 1972); as amended by the:210. Amendments to the Annexes to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution byDumping of Wastes and Other Matter, adopted by Resolution LDC 5 (III) (concerning theprevention and control of pollution by incineration of wastes and other matter at sea) of theThird Consultative Meeting of the Contracting Parties on 12 October 1978 (1978 (Incineration)Amendments); and211. Amendments to the Annexes to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution byDumping of Wastes and Other Matter, adopted by Resolution LDC 12 (V) (concerning theamendment of the lists of substances contained in Annexes I and II to the Convention) of theFifth Consultative Meeting of the Contracting Parties on 24 September 1980 (1980 (List ofsubstances) Amendments)212. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, done at Londonon 1 November 1974 (SOLAS 1974)494

Appendices213. Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,as amended, done at London on 17 February 1978 (SOLAS PROT (amended) 1978)214. Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,done at London on 11 November 1988 (SOLAS PROT (HSSC) 1988), as amended215. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, concluded at Londonon 2 November 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, done at Londonon 17 February 1978 (with Annexes I and II) (MARPOL 1973/1978), as amended216. Annex III of the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified bythe Protocol of 1978 relating thereto: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by HarmfulSubstances in Packaged Forms, or in Freight Containers, Portable Tanks or Road and RailTank Wagons, adopted at London on 17 February 1978 (Annex III of MARPOL 1973/1978);and the217. Annex IV of the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified bythe Protocol of 1978 relating thereto: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewagefrom Ships, adopted at London on 17 February 1978 (Annex IV of MARPOL 1973/1978)218. Annex V of the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified bythe Protocol of 1978 relating thereto: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbagefrom Ships, adopted at London on 17 February 1978 (Annex V of MARPOL 1973/1978)219. Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution fromShips, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, done at London on 26September 1997 (MARPOL PROT 1997), as amended220. Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution fromShips, 1973, done at London on 17 February 1997 (MARPOL 1973/1978), as amended221. International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping forSeafarers, done at London on 7 July 1978 (STCW 1978), as amended222. International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, done at Hamburg on 27 April1979 (SAR 1979)223. International Convention on Salvage, done at London on 28 April 1989 (SALVAGE 1989)224. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness Response and Co-operation (andAnnex), done at London on 30 November 1990 (OPRC 1990)225. Protocol of 1992 to Amend the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil PollutionDamage, 1969, done at London on 27 November 1992 (CLC PROT 1992)XV – Private International Law226. Convention relating to Civil Procedure, done at The Hague on 1 March 1954227. Convention on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations Towards Children, done atThe Hague on 24 October 1956495

Macao Yearbook 2013228. Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of the Decisions Relating to MaintenanceObligations Towards Children, done at The Hague on 15 April 1958229. Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at NewYork on 10 June 1958230. Convention concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in Respect of theProtection of Minors, done at The Hague on 5 October 1961231. Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, doneat The Hague on 5 October 1961232. Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil orCommercial Matters, done at The Hague on 15 November 1965233. Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters, done at TheHague on 18 March 1970234. Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on 25October 1980235. Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Intercountry Adoption,done at The Hague on 29 May 1993XVI – Road Traffic236. Convention on Road Traffic, done at Geneva on 19 September 1949237. Agreement concerning the Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles,Equipment and Parts which can Be Fitted and/or Be Used on Wheeled Vehicles, done atGeneva on 25 June 1998238. Intergovernmental Agreement on the Trans-Asian Railway Network, done at Jakarta on 12April 2006XVII – Telecommunications and Postal239. Convention for the Protection of Submarine Cables, signed at Paris on 14 March 1884,amended by the Declaration on the Protection of Submarine Cables, done on 1 December1886, and the Protocol on the Protection of Submarine Cables, done on 7 July 1887240. Radio Regulations and Final Protocol, as incorporated in the International TelecommunicationUnion Final Acts of the World Radio communication Conference, done at Geneva on 6December 1979 and as revised on 4 July 2003 (WRC-03)241. International Agreement on the Use of INMARSAT Ship Earth Stations within the TerritorialSea and Ports, done at London on 16 October 1985242. International Telecommunications Regulations, done at Melbourne on 9 December 1988(WATTC-88)496

Appendices243. General Regulations of the Universal Postal Union, adopted respectively at Beijing on 15September 1999 and at Bucharest on 5 October 2004244. Universal Postal Convention and its Final Protocol, adopted respectively at Beijing on 15September 1999 and at Bucharest on 5 October 2004245. Postal Payment Services Agreement, adopted respectively at Beijing on 15 September 1999and at Bucharest on 5 October 2004246. Operating Agreement relating to the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization,done at Washington on 20 August 1971 as amendedXVIII – Treaties Establishing International Organizations247. (ILO) Constitution of the International Labour Organisation, done at Versailles on 29 June1919 as amended248. (UNESCO) Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization, signed at London on 16 November 1945 as amended249. (IMF) Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund (Annex A to the Final Actof the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference), done at Bretton Woods, NewHampshire, on 22 July 1944 and signed at Washington on 27 December 1945 as amended250. (IBRD) Articles of Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(Annex B to the Final Act of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference), done atBretton Woods, New Hampshire, on 22 July 1944 and signed at Washington on 27 December1945 as amended251. (WHO) Constitution of the World Health Organization, done at New York on 22 July 1946as amended252. (WMO) Convention of the World Meteorological Organisation (with Annexes and Protocolconcerning Spain), done at Washington on 11 October 1947 as amended253. (IMO) Convention on the International Maritime Organization, done at Geneva on 6 March1948 as amended254. (CCC/WCO) International Convention Establishing a Customs Co-operation Council, doneat Brussels on 15 December 1950255. (HAGUE CONFERENCE) Statue of The Hague Conference on Private International Law,done at The Hague on 31 October 1951; as amended by the256. Amendment to the Statue of The Hague Conference on Private International Law, done atThe Hague on 30 June 2005257. (INTERPOL) Constitution and General Regulations of the International Criminal PoliceOrganization, adopted at Vienna on 13 June 1956 as amended497

Macao Yearbook 2013258. (UPU) Constitution of the Universal Postal Union, signed at Vienna on 10 July 1964, asamended by the Additional Protocols of 1969, 1974, 1984, 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2004259. (WIPO) Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, done atStockholm on 14 July 1967 as amended260. (WTO) Statutes of the World Tourism Organization (with Annex), done at Mexico City on27 September 1970 as amended261. (Former INTELSAT, at present ITSO) (* 2 ) Agreement relating to the InternationalTelecommunications Satellite Organization, done at Washington on 20 August 1971 asamended262. (APT) Constitution of the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity, adopted at Bangkok on 27 March1976 as amended263. (Former INMARSAT at present IMSO) (* 3 ) Convention on the International Mobile SatelliteOrganization, done at London on 3 September 1976 as amended264. (AIBD) Agreement Establishing the Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development,adopted at Kuala Lumpur on 12 August 1977 as amended on 21 July 1999265. (APDC) (* 4 ) Charter of the Asian and Pacific Development Centre, adopted on 1 April 1982and opened for signature at Bangkok from 1 September 1982 to 30 April 1983 as amended266. (ICGEB) Statutes of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,done at Madrid on 13 September 1983267. Protocol to the Statutes of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnologyon the Seat of the Centre, done at Trieste on 24 October 2007268. (ITCB) Arrangement Establishing the International Textiles and Clothing Bureau, done atGeneva on 21 May 1984269. (APPU) Constitution and Convention of the Asia-Pacific Postal Union and Final Protocol,done at Bangkok on 4 December 1985 as amended270. (ITU) Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, adoptedat Geneva on 22 December 1992 as amended271. (WTO) Marrakech Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and Final Act,done at Marrakech on 15 April 1994272. (SCO) Shanghai Cooperation Organization Charter, done at St. Petersburg on 7 June 2002273. Protocol of Amendment to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Charter, done at Shanghaion 15 June 2006274. (APSCO) Convention of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization, done at Beijingon 28 October 2005275. (ITER) Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organizationfor the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project, done at Paris on 21 November 2006498

Appendices(* 1 ) Not yet in force internationally.(* 2 ) Due to the amendments to the Agreement relating to the Organization and to its respective OperatingAgreement adopted by the 25th Assembly of parties of INTELSAT on 17/11/2000, which enteredinto force on 30/11/2004 (although they were provisionally applicable from 18/7/2001), one part ofINTELSAT was privatized, and the Organization changed its acronym to ITSO.(* 3 ) Due to the amendments to the Convention adopted by the 12th Assembly of parties of INMARSAT on24/4/1998, which entered into force to all the contracting parties on 31/7/2001 (although they wereprovisionally applicable from 15/4/1999), one part of INMARSAT was privatized, and the Organizationchanged its acronym to IMSO. On 31/7/2001, the Operating Agreement of INMARSAT terminated.(* 4 ) At the Eighteenth Session of APDC General Council, held from 5-6 November 2002, a Resolution onthe Recommendation to the Dissolution of APDC was proposed (see Document GC/19/03-7). UnderArticle XV of the APDC Charter, dissolution requires a two-thirds majority.499

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 12Decorations, Medals and Certificates of MeritConferred by the Macao SAR in 2011The Macao SAR Government held the “2011 Decorations, Medals and Certificates of MeritAwards Ceremony of the Macao SAR of the People’s Republic of China” on 28 January 2011.Chief Executive Chui Sai On conferred a number of decorations, medals and certificates of meriton 38 individuals and entities in recognition of their outstanding achievements, contributions anddistinguished services rendered to the Macao SAR.Decoration of Honour – Silver LotusMs Ho Teng IatMr Wan ChunMedal of MeritMedal of Merit – ProfessionsMr Lam Wai HouMr Antonio Jose Dias AzedoMs Victoria Alexa Kuan ChanMedal of Merit – Industry and CommerceMr Ma Chi Ngai FredericoMr Leong Iam ChongBanco Nacional Ultramarino, S.A.Medal of Merit – TourismMr Alan Reginald John HoMr Wu Keng Kuong500

AppendicesMedal of Merit – EducationMr Wang YitaoMs Wong Lai HengSister Yong Pac HunMr Tai Chan LamMedal of Merit – CultureMr Ching Cheung FaiMr Tang Chou KeiCasa de Portugal em MacauMedal of Merit – PhilanthropyMr Nuno Maria Roque JorgeMr Leong Sio PuiMr Lou Wai SekMedal of Merit – SportMr Chu Chi WaiMr Hoi LongMr Chui IuMedal for Distinguished ServiceMedal for DedicationMr Ho Tin KaMs Manuela Teresa Sousa AguiarMs Chan Ioc Chan501

Macao Yearbook 2013Medal for Community ServiceMr Un Iok MengMs Iek Ka IokMr Cheong Pak IoCertificate of MeritHonorific Title – PrestigeMr Richard Stuart MoffattHonorific Title – MeritMr Ho Man FaiMs Ng Wing MuiMs Hong Ka IMr Wu Nok InMr Ngou Pok ManMr Lio Chon HouMr Chio Wai KeongChristian New Fellowship in Macau – S.Y. tribe Smart-Youth502

AppendicesAppendix 13Macao SAR Budget - Revenue and Expenses for 2013 (Summary)Revenue items MSAR budget for 2013General integrated budget of public expenditureRecurring revenue01 - Direct tax02 - Indirect tax03 - Fees, fine and other penalties04 - Asset revenue05 - Transfer06 - Sale of durable items07 - Sale of services and non-durable items08 - Other recurring revenueCapital revenue09 - Disposal of investment assets10 - Transfer11 - Financial assets13 - Other captial revenue14 - Reimbursements not deducted from paymentsGeneral integrated budget of public revenueRevenue of special organisations11-00 Legal income and transfers from the MSAR budget12-00 Income from sales and provision of services13-00 Income from financial investments14-00 Other incomeTotal revenue of special organisationsAdjustmentGrand total113,756,744,000.0099,487,379,600.004,199,932,000.001,313,207,200.001,749,739,200.005,662,774,200.001,364,500.001,074,016,600.00268,330,700.0014,837,753,100.002,791,324,100.001,000.00279,191,000.0011,748,266,400.0018,970,600.00128,594,497,100.004,400,040,700.00184,206,500.001,871,423,300.0064,337,200.006,520,007,700.00306,522,700.00134,807,982,100.00P.T.O……… 134,807,982,100.00Expenses items MSAR budget for 2013General integrated budget of public expenditure01-01 Macao SAR Government01-02 Office of the Chief Executive01-03 Executive Council01-06 Office of the Secretary for Administraiton and Justice01-07 Office of the Secretary for Economy and Finance01-08 Office of the Secretary for Security01-09 Office of the Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture01-10 Office of the Secretary for Transport and Public Works01-12 Macao Economic and Trade Office in Lisbon01-13 Macao Economic and Trade Office to the European Union in Brussels01-15 Representative Office of the Macao SAR in Beijing01-17 Macao Economic and Trade Office to the World Trade Organization01-19 Office for Personal Data Protection01-20 Infrastructure Development Office01-21 Office for Development of the Energy Sector01-22 The Supporting Office to the Permanent Secretariat to the Forum for Economicand Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries01-23 Financial Intelligence Office01-24 Human Resources Office01-25 Transportation Infrastructure Office01-28 The Macao SAR Government Policy Research Centre01-29 Macao Economic and Cultural Office01-30 Protocol, Public Relations and External Affairs Office03-00 Public Adminstration and Civil Service Bureau05-00 Education and Youth Affairs Bureau07-00 Statistics and Census Service08-00 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation09-00 Finance Services Bureau11-00 Pension and retirement compensation12-00 General expenses13-00 Tertiary Education Services Office14-00 Transport Bureau16-00 Law Reform and International Law Bureau18-00 Identification Services Bureau19-00 Economic Services Bureau20-00 Macao Prison21-00 Macao Customs Service22-00 Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau23-00 Government Tourist Office24-00 Government Information Bureau25-00 Unitary Police Service26-00 Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau27-00 Maritime Administration28-00 Public Security Forces Affairs Bureau29-00 Labour Affairs Bureau30-00 Judicial Council31-00 Cartography and Cadastre Bureau32-00 Judiciary Police33-00 Environmental Protection Bureau34-00 Legal Affairs Bureau35-00 Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau37-00 Macao Sports Development Board38-00 Cultural Affairs Bureau40-00 Investment Projects50-00 Designated accounting items: designated appropriations, shared allocations andtransfer budget50-03 Student Welfare Fund14,585,000.00251,135,400.0024,373,000.0037,937,700.0041,671,100.0024,990,500.00216,181,600.0059,660,900.0014,615,000.004,950,000.0023,605,100.0011,724,900.0036,661,600.0088,987,100.0035,893,100.00140,411,300.0020,324,900.0044,950,200.0059,799,100.0045,816,600.0021,047,100.0097,664,000.00443,383,700.003,973,001,700.00175,416,000.0093,467,100.00365,960,000.0029,166,400.0012,869,210,300.00259,778,700.002,015,590,900.00100,402,000.00247,150,200.00177,435,800.00430,504,400.00528,815,300.0072,892,000.00243,013,000.00123,924,100.0033,684,400.00202,726,900.00513,129,700.003,163,791,000.00339,734,000.00620,000.0068,555,800.00747,222,000.00195,831,700.00226,900,600.00348,303,300.00144,570,000.00336,090,700.0017,911,783,300.00226,505,900.00441,672,000.00P.T.O……… 48,367,218,100.00503

Macao Yearbook 2013Macao SAR Budget - Revenue and Expenses for 2013 (Summary)(Cont.)Revenue items MSAR budget for 2013Con’t……… 134,807,982,100.00Total 134,807,982,100.00Expenses items MSAR budget for 2013Con’t………50-04 Housing Loan Fund50-05 Industrial and Commercial Development Fund50-06 Tourism Fund50-07 Social Welfare Bureau50-10 Judiciary Police Welfare Association50-11 Public Security Police Force Welfare Association50-16 Coffer of Legal Affairs50-17 Government Printing Bureau50-20 Social Security Fund50-21 Macao Prison Fund50-23 Housing Bureau50-25 Civil Aviation Authority50-26 Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Insititute50-27 Commission Against Corruption50-28 Health Bureau50-29 University of Macau50-31 Macao Polytechnic Institute50-32 Sports Development Fund50-33 Culture Fund50-35 Consumer Council50-36 Institute for Tourism Studies50-37 Macao Public Administration Welfare Fund50-39 Fire Services Welfare Association50-41 Commission of Audit50-42 Public Prosecutions Office50-43 Office of the President of the Court of Final Appeal50-44 Legislative Assembly50-46 Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau50-47 Customs Welfare Association50-48 Science and Technology Development Fund50-49 Maritime Administration Welfare Association50-50 Fisheries Development and Support Fund50-51 Property Maintenance Fund50-52 Education Development Fund50-53 Giant Panda Foundation50-54 Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation FundGeneral integrated budget of public expenditureExpenditure of special organisations50-15 Macao Post50-15 Postal Savings Office50-18 Pension Fund50-22 Monetary Authority of Macao50-34 Automobile and Maritime Security Fund50-45 Macao Foundation50-55 Deposit Protection FundTotal expenditure of special organisationsAdjustmentsGrand totalBudget balance and estimated surplus for this yearCentral budget balanceEstimated surplus of autonomous entitiesEstimated surplus of special organisationsBudget balance and estimated surplus of the year48,367,218,100.0048,154,400.001,048,226,000.00937,554,400.002,061,067,100.006,551,300.0032,520,000.00198,000,000.0072,615,000.0011,312,687,000.008,514,900.00448,834,100.0061,980,000.00369,969,000.00262,000,000.004,702,820,000.001,672,070,200.00606,061,100.00557,725,200.00460,183,600.0039,477,000.00249,891,600.0025,007,100.007,152,000.00105,680,000.00326,994,000.00399,920,000.00127,129,300.002,138,373,200.003,794,800.00176,969,500.002,808,200.0090,000,000.00206,460,000.00695,039,000.007,100,000.00149,200,000.0077,985,747,100.00272,049,000.0046,725,100.001,038,257,400.001,454,456,800.004,268,400.002,078,394,400.002,630,000.004,896,781,100.00306,522,700.0082,576,005,500.0041,080,731,400.009,528,018,600.001,623,226,600.0052,231,976,600.00Total expenditure, budget balance and estimated surplus 134,807,982,100.00504

AppendicesAppendix 14External Trade Statistics for Five Years to 2012MOP thousand2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Imports 43,034,219 36,901,985 44,118,398 62,288,890 70,927,777Exports 16,025,403 7,672,540 6,959,953 6,970,934 8,159,668Balance of trade(Exp.-Imp.)-27,008,816 -29,229,445 -37,158,445 -55,317,956 -62,768,109Coverage rate (%) 37 21 16 11 12Temporary exports 3,789,993 1,444,785 1,401,482 1,062,303 1,308,327Re-imports 4,125,119 1,045,648 929,703 1,235,804 902,992Direct transhipment 13,405,671 10,229,983 12,838,902 11,615,435 11,695,020Note: Statistical data for Appendices 14-37 is provided by the Statistics and Census Service of the MacaoSAR Government.505

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 15Imports from Major Countries and Territoriesfor Five Years to 2012MOP thousand2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Total 43,034,219 36,901,985 44,118,398 62,288,890 70,927,777European Union 7,100,969 7,814,949 9,960,717 15,506,509 16,647,271of which: Germany 1,134,144 1,057,947 1,321,458 1,546,022 1,710,724United Kingdom 825,457 758,032 852,056 1,026,804 1,691,507France 2,273,503 2,947,834 4,039,819 6,302,080 6,196,389Italy 1,226,031 1,710,885 2,071,499 4,706,718 5,386,470Portugal 171,348 135,662 134,651 184,965 237,985Sweden 101,165 64,206 95,653 70,750 67,915The Netherlands 175,878 165,438 206,379 293,238 427,241Finland 607,348 465,095 611,989 472,215 65,213EFTA 2,060,123 2,407,825 3,356,497 4,520,697 5,667,989Other European countries 45,537 44,109 78,455 157,633 205,873Africa 156,105 200,006 244,810 286,180 234,130America 2,929,773 2,672,515 3,148,700 4,401,173 4,356,705of which: USA 2,383,335 2,217,119 2,618,969 3,731,819 3,679,622Canada 241,270 81,170 81,720 108,521 136,723Asia 30,282,443 23,187,679 26,813,770 36,618,791 43,041,239of which: The mainland 16,926,279 11,571,583 13,718,276 19,120,936 23,199,437Hong Kong 4,365,709 4,036,162 4,627,936 7,588,337 8,211,125Taiwan 1,424,152 1,120,704 1,078,320 1,329,459 1,403,123Japan 3,639,123 3,039,272 3,812,085 3,911,242 4,244,017Republic of Korea 505,856 589,621 645,719 970,685 1,695,252Singapore 1,628,115 1,162,716 838,565 1,356,940 1,470,566Australia, Oceaniaand other territories459,266 574,884 515,450 797,906 774,569of which: Australia 400,874 500,096 421,446 658,636 604,431506

AppendicesAppendix 16Exports to Major Countries and Territoriesfor Five Years to 2012MOP thousand2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Total 16,025,403 7,672,540 6,959,953 6,970,934 8,159,668European Union 1,591,071 631,263 409,357 383,259 315,524of which: Germany 648,303 295,815 142,645 122,149 81,941United Kingdom 323,716 103,193 64,381 47,158 34,250France 216,237 88,086 71,943 87,982 55,249The Netherlands 120,342 67,223 77,326 85,273 76,765Denmark 36,627 1,349 1,189 5,130 512Sweden 41,583 18,012 8,553 540 1,797Spain 43,146 9,589 3,919 2,543 10,502Italy 92,007 17,002 15,459 13,439 17,161Portugal 5,569 376 386 1,098 1,649EFTA 14,671 2,636 6,426 8,962 4,399Other European countries 28,845 10,868 1,849 921 5,318Africa 18,778 6,805 12,682 11,353 9,769America 6,735,949 1,470,996 939,755 680,187 608,798of which: USA 6,399,171 1,308,258 782,062 555,821 507,307Canada 121,961 44,030 36,112 31,643 48,212Asia 6,068,892 4,815,303 4,757,341 4,749,823 5,954,231of which: Hong Kong 3,162,661 3,014,637 3,002,558 3,108,939 4,095,388Taiwan 217,582 160,656 175,916 102,975 41,821The mainland 1,968,216 1,117,488 1,102,357 1,097,918 1,368,970Japan 212,870 105,730 109,478 144,041 162,184Singapore 48,551 47,208 72,628 61,857 63,094Republic of Korea 18,948 7,196 7,063 9,729 8,516Australia, Oceaniaand other territories47,428 36,884 26,387 39,128 50,556of which: Australia 45,290 34,428 25,716 38,135 50,482507

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 17Domestic Exports to Major Countries andTerritories for Five Years to 2012MOP thousand2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Total 9,582,339 2,971,100 2,389,790 2,390,241 2,284,965European Union 1,528,615 609,512 398,373 370,945 302,465of which: Germany 633,398 288,733 141,270 120,532 80,396United Kingdom 299,536 101,172 62,011 45,653 33,947France 213,273 84,601 69,016 84,547 49,711The Netherlands 115,037 64,066 76,027 83,849 75,492Denmark 36,044 1,278 1,189 5,130 436Sweden 40,159 17,864 8,345 540 1,782Spain 42,470 9,009 2,708 1,763 9,457Italy 86,100 14,583 14,618 12,038 16,215Portugal 5,025 151 1 30 3EFTA 13,388 2,274 4,696 6,442 4,183Other European countries 28,506 10,851 1,626 891 5,282Africa 18,300 6,805 9,434 10,481 9,643America 6,667,126 1,419,061 870,089 620,987 543,330of which: USA 6,334,424 1,265,325 713,720 498,169 461,539Canada 119,662 42,746 35,130 30,623 28,546Asia 1,295,769 897,978 1,084,553 1,361,404 1,400,997of which: Hong Kong 524,358 347,955 485,094 705,534 750,756Taiwan 124,432 46,754 53,683 54,042 24,511The mainland 222,697 189,624 251,303 294,740 302,339Japan 141,033 87,257 94,934 128,428 123,457Singapore 12,950 5,706 11,108 21,185 30,721Republic of Korea 13,278 4,851 4,109 5,543 4,285Australia, Oceaniaand other territories30,635 24,619 21,019 19,091 19,066of which: Australia 29,085 23,068 20,407 18,227 18,991508

AppendicesAppendix 18Tourism Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Visitor arrivals a 22,933,185 21,752,751 24,965,411 28,002,279 28,082,292By sea 9,173,206 8,684,809 10,244,087 11,020,999 11,484,840By land 12,094,752 11,448,843 13,087,262 15,299,600 14,829,681By air 1,665,227 1,619,099 1,634,062 1,681,680 1,767,771Visitor departures a 22,876,324 21,701,499 24,877,998 27,912,917 27,977,281By sea 7,932,962 7,674,439 8,909,583 9,345,890 9,335,882By land 13,186,201 12,346,963 14,239,783 16,800,356 16,725,215By air 1,757,161 1,680,097 1,728,632 1,766,671 1,916,184Average length of stay ofvisitors b (day)1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0Visitor Arrivals in package tours 4,902,029 4,648,188 5,745,222 7,536,529 9,122,332Outbound travel in package tourby Macao residents229,188 206,292 252,493 251,944 r 430,065Hotel occupancy rate (%) 74.27 71.40 79.83 84.12 83.075-star hotels 73.96 70.47 79.16 83.46 83.864-star hotels 79.21 77.52 83.78 r 89.18 86.033-star hotels 76.12 75.89 82.47 85.97 79.852-star hotels 61.95 54.95 76.68 78.79 75.56Guesthouses 54.18 48.38 56.56 60.96 61.45Available guest rooms 17,533 19,259 20,091 22,356 26,069Total overnight guests 6,537,661 6,714,413 7,755,214 8,612,127 9,541,397Average length of stay (night) 1.44 1.50 1.54 1.53 1.40Total spending of visitors c(MOP million).. .. 37,892 45,328 52,345Visitors’ expenditure surveyper-capita spending cd (MOP)1,729 1,616 1,518 1,619 1,864Non-shopping spending 1,027 983 745 817 950Shopping spending 702 633 773 801 914aStarting from 2008, visitor arrivals and departures exclude non-resident workers and students.bStarting from 2011, data are provided by the Public Security Police.cExcluding gaming expenses.dStarting from 2010, data are extrapolated from visitors’ spending information collected... Not applicable509

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 19Visitor Arrivals for Five Years to 2012by Place of Residence2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Total a 22,933,185 21,752,751 24,965,411 28,002,279 28,082,292The mainland 11,613,171 10,989,533 13,229,058 16,162,747 16,902,499Hong Kong 7,016,479 6,727,822 7,466,139 7,582,923 7,081,153Taiwan 1,315,865 1,292,551 1,292,734 1,215,162 1,072,052India 82,369 107,513 169,096 169,660 150,825Indonesia 180,320 191,425 208,440 220,423 209,084Japan 366,920 379,241 413,507 396,023 395,989Malaysia 428,608 332,529 338,058 324,509 301,802The Philippines 282,951 247,459 247,770 268,710 283,881Republic of Korea 279,794 204,767 331,768 398,807 444,773Singapore 263,631 256,520 257,196 280,602 205,692Thailand 252,124 242,514 212,442 196,375 231,295Vietnam 51,965 62,388 48,437 11,394 13,868Other Asian countries 27,550 50,722 58,764 59,741 64,011Brazil 8,967 7,521 8,346 10,505 10,283Canada 82,136 74,744 79,148 79,818 83,459USA 203,198 179,500 188,254 196,065 188,730Other Americancountries18,310 16,896 21,389 24,220 24,049France 40,499 39,165 41,417 42,710 42,486Germany 29,067 28,172 28,820 28,811 29,320Italy 12,524 12,229 13,461 13,121 13,004Portugal 13,081 12,429 13,583 13,339 14,497Russia 7,123 7,806 11,702 16,512 26,844Spain 7,498 7,914 8,448 8,691 8,190Switzerland 6,266 6,142 6,550 7,087 7,521The Netherlands 14,218 12,888 12,664 12,769 12,506United Kingdom 76,909 63,384 60,439 61,637 59,468Other Europeancountries65,003 45,596 47,379 47,071 48,856Australia 139,628 120,395 111,771 111,827 113,295New Zealand 16,735 13,880 14,582 14,897 14,399Other Oceanian countries 812 940 1,204 1,259 1,471South Africa 4,543 4,228 4,624 5,185 4,667Others 24,921 13,938 18,221 19,679 22,323aStarting from 2008, visitor arrivals exclude arrivals of non-resident workers and students.510

AppendicesAppendix 20Statistics on Restaurants, Hotels, Travel Agencies andService Sector Establishments for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Restaurants and similarestablishments1,599 1,653 1,640 1,695 1,713Restaurants 186 178 177 191 181Eating places 1,225 1,302 1,294 1,325 1,362Drinking places 188 173 169 179 170Hotels 55 60 60 63 675-star hotels 17 23 23 26 284-star hotels 13 13 13 13 143-star hotels 13 12 12 12 122-star hotels 12 12 12 12 13Guesthouses 30 31 31 32 33Travel agencies 166 181 184 195 217Advertising businesses 395 456 458 521 580Conference and exhibitionorganising services58 62 62 65 90Real estate agencies 1,334 1,564 1,605 1,723 1,882Real estate management 196 209 215 237 269Note: Data on establishments derived from administrative records.511

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 21Consumer Price Index (Including Rent)for Five Years to 2012(from April 2008 to March 2009 = 100)2008 2009 2010 2011 2012CPI (Composite) 100.23 101.40 104.25 110.30 117.04Foodstuffs andnon-alcoholic beveragesAlcoholic beveragesand tobacco97.19 102.57 107.41 116.16 126.0699.34 109.08 114.23 115.59 150.61Clothing and footwear 95.04 104.07 110.84 118.30 122.15Housing and fuels 99.05 97.80 98.21 101.58 108.45Household goods andfurnishings99.26 101.44 102.94 107.60 114.98Health 98.68 102.08 106.57 113.04 119.61Transport 102.82 96.87 102.97 111.97 114.91Communications 97.32 95.64 92.30 82.45 79.01Recreation and culture 97.41 100.55 104.56 109.95 112.75Education 119.84 107.21 99.42 100.93 101.17Other goods and services 99.78 104.22 110.61 120.63 127.63CPI (A) a 100.65 101.45 103.77 109.49 116.49CPI (B) b 100.12 101.37 104.38 110.63 117.61Inflation rateCPI (Composite) 8.61% 1.17% 2.81% 5.81% 6.11%CPI (A) a 9.08% 0.79% 2.28% 5.51% 6.40%CPI (B) b 8.44% 1.24% 2.97% 5.99% 6.31%aThe CPI (A) relates to about 50 percent of households, which had an average monthly expenditure of 6,000to 18,999 patacas.bThe CPI (B) relates to about 30 percent of households, which had an average monthly expenditure of19,000 to 34,999 patacas.512

AppendicesAppendix 22Monetary and Financial Statisticsfor Five Years to 2012 (at Year-end)MOP million2008 2009 2010 2011 r 2012 pMoney supplyM1 24,729.6 30,606.8 34,729.7 36,243.3 47,519.0MOP 13,010.9 14,971.5 15,884.4 17,870.9 20,729.0HKD 10,354.1 14,544.6 17,335.6 17,538.0 25,989.2Other currencies 1,364.6 1,090.7 1,509.7 834.3 800.9M2 189,790.3 212,233.3 243,053.8 297,963.9 374,431.3MOP 54,098.4 59,745.2 68,039.8 77,292.3 90,920.8HKD 99,240.9 113,784.2 132,806.2 162,331.1 209,017.9Other currencies 36,451.1 38,703.9 42,207.9 58,340.5 74,492.6Resident depositsTotal 185,389.8 207,327.4 237,639.4 291,595.1 366,762.0Time deposits 105,489.8 98,225.9 117,673.8 176,540.6 220,227.3MOP 20,522.1 17,453.5 22,448.6 27,922.8 32,995.5HKD 59,437.2 55,649.5 66,568.6 105,675.4 128,480.5Other currencies 25,530.4 25,122.9 28,656.6 42,942.4 58,751.3Non-resident deposits 77,932.1 83,206.6 79,427.7 92,865.1 128,116.5Credit by domestic companiesand individualsTotal 91,801.6 101,125.2 130,676.9 167,855.8 198,344.9Loans and advances 88,924.1 97,295.4 126,785.8 161,610.2 189,953.1MOP 18,342.5 26,306.8 37,515.6 42,176.5 61,346.6HKD 65,607.8 67,164.8 83,151.5 111,431.1 119,299.0Other currencies 4,973.8 3,823.8 6,118.8 8,002.6 9,307.4Distribution of domestic credit(MOP thousand)91,565,207 100,888,740 130,452,118 167,623,198 198,105,585of which:Manufacturing industry 5,900,530 5,555,393 5,870,184 7,710,572 6,397,682Electricity, gas and water 864,966 1,095,327 1,047,720 1,245,842 1,424,428Construction and public works 12,950,725 15,480,314 14,614,350 19,056,864 18,931,485Trade (wholesale and retail) 6,574,848 6,708,293 7,826,092 14,007,921 20,491,577Hotels and restaurants 8,515,179 11,062,324 15,289,965 16,030,424 15,213,026Transport, warehousing andcommunications1,999,204 3,128,542 3,738,344 3,900,077 1,010,359Personal housing loans 25,787,579 32,568,767 47,405,520 59,380,694 76,131,861All figures are as at the end of relevant years.rRevised figurespProvisional figures513

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 23Gross Domestic Product and Main Componentsof Expenditure for Five Years to 2012At Current Prices - MOP Million2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 pGross domestic product 166,265.1 170,171.1 226,940.5 295,046.3 348,216.4Growth rate (%) 14.6 2.3 33.4 30.0 18.0Private consumption expenditure 43,703.0 45,565.5 51,099.3 60,502.8 69,376.1Government finalconsumption expenditure 14,819.7 16,689.0 18,382.2 20,882.9 23,579.4Gross fixed capital formation 50,285.4 31,899.2 28,357.4 36,614.3 46,518.0Changes in inventories 1,309.0 220.2 1,737.5 4,249.4 4,810.0Exports of goods and services 161,338.4 160,192.7 240,442.0 329,852.4 377,034.1Imports of goods and services ( - ) 105,190.5 84,395.4 113,077.8 157,055.4 173,101.2Chain volume measures of GDP at chained (2010) dollars - MOP Million2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 pGross domestic product 174,997.9 177,994.4 226,940.5 276,448.9 303,950.7Growth rate (%) 3.4 1.7 27.5 21.8 9.9Private consumption expenditure 46,546.5 47,649.3 51,099.3 56,720.5 61,902.3Government finalconsumption expenditure 15,482.9 17,528.3 18,382.2 19,385.4 20,730.1Gross fixed capital formation 50,378.4 34,092.5 28,357.4 33,208.0 39,536.6Changes in inventories 1,288.4 227.3 1,737.5 3,941.3 4,384.5Exports of goods and services 169,112.3 166,513.2 240,442.0 310,185.4 332,775.0Imports of goods and services ( - ) 107,753.6 87,607.0 113,077.8 146,991.6 155,509.92008 2009 2010 2011 2012 pGDP per capita (MOP – current prices) 307,917 317,575 422,656 537,103 611,930GDP per capita (USD – current prices) 38,391 39,775 52,817 66,982 76,588pProvisional figures514

AppendicesAppendix 24Public Finances for Five Years to 2012MOP million2008 2009 2010 2011 r 2012 pTotal public revenue 62,259.3 69,870.9 88,488.1 122,972.3 129,498.3of which: direct taxes 42,990.8 45,190.3 68,849.2 98,395.0 111,962.7indirect taxes 1,883.5 1,491.4 2,202.3 3,342.2 4,956.7Total public expenditure 30,443.4 35,459.9 38,393.9 45,593.3 56,737.5prProvisional dataRevised figures515

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 25Stock, Flows and Income of Inward Direct Investmentby Industry for Five Years to 2011MOP million2007 2008 2009 2010 r 2011Total Stock 73,303 84,077 84,052 109,036 118,896Flow 18,519 20,779 6,848 22,657 5,189Income 11,163 21,668 19,657 28,350 46,706Non-Financial Sector Stock 60,199 67,303 64,935 85,877 93,392Flow 15,682 14,760 5,691 20,540 3,580Income 7,328 18,569 16,152 24,746 42,170Industrial manufacturing Stock 2,800 3,169 2,878 3,058 3,093Flow -9 122 -221 209 -85Income 537 381 531 556 440Construction Stock 3,452 2,336 2,917 3,828 3,639Flow 2,587 642 837 1,301 228Income 2,259 2,081 1,406 1,655 1,101Wholesale and retail Stock 3,175 2,913 3,992 7,563 10,553Flow 3,332 407 1,637 3,056 3,206Income 1,444 897 2,695 3,596 6,703Hotels and restaurants Stock 444 388 248 265 697Flow -1,036 -82 138 212 411Income 51 -48 -222 236 653Transport, storage and communications Stock 954 -58 520 606 784Flow 695 4 847 142 217Income 1,483 890 1,624 708 1,002516

AppendicesStock, Flows and Income of Inward Direct Investmentby Industry for Five Years to 2011MOP million (Cont.)2007 2008 2009 2010 r 2011Gaming Stock 49,064 58,211 54,343 70,280 67,797Flow 10,029 13,640 2,612 15,613 -4,645Income 1,433 14,281 10,186 17,927 30,896Cultural, recreational and other services Stock 310 344 36 289 6,829Flow 84 28 -158 7 4,248Income 120 87 -68 68 1,376Financial Sector Stock 13,104 16,774 19,117 23,159 25,503Flow 2,837 6,019 1,156 2,117 1,609Income 3,835 3,099 3,505 3,604 4,537Banks and securities Stock 11,511 14,667 16,770 20,229 22,828Flow 2,569 5,473 944 1,536 1,870Income 3,477 2,950 3,094 3,304 4,369Insurance Stock 1,592 2,107 2,348 2,930 2,675Flow 268 545 212 581 -261Income 358 149 411 299 168rRevised figures517

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 26Stock, Flows and Income of Inward Direct Investmentfor Five Years to 2011, Classified by the UsualResidence of Direct InvestorsMOP millionUsual residence of direct investors 2007 2008 2009 2010 r 2011Total Stock 73,303 84,077 84,052 109,036 118,896Flow 18,519 20,779 6,848 22,657 5,189Income 11,163 21,668 19,657 28,350 46,706Hong Kong Stock 33,799 28,141 31,769 40,853 31,085Flow 6,314 4,077 6,660 9,418 -9,265Income 5,686 12,478 11,394 13,928 16,094The mainland Stock 6,669 9,384 10,233 13,506 16,206Flow 3,362 5,624 960 1,310 2,290Income 1,926 1,940 1,988 2,404 4,424Portugal Stock 3,756 4,095 4,293 4,554 4,999Flow 662 725 394 297 162Income 1,072 1,059 1,195 914 923United Kingdom Stock 693 783 725 1,076 1,068Flow 405 484 293 494 -11Income 787 884 891 507 607USA Stock 13,370 17,426 12,595 17,660 5,418Flow 2,697 5,715 -2,201 5,480 3,350Income 1,494 3,782 5,256 7,721 6,297British Virgin Islands Stock 522 6,206 5,676 6,392 18,607Flow -71 1,098 -113 -313 8,426Income 303 1,174 329 852 5,837rOthers Stock 14,494 18,042 18,761 24,995 41,513Flow 5,150 3,056 854 5,971 237Income -105 351 -1,397 2,024 12,524Revised figures518

AppendicesAppendix 27Demographic Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Estimate of population (at year-end) 543,100 533,300 540,600 557,400 582,000Male 265,600 255,900 258,500 268,000 280,300Female 277,500 277,300 282,100 289,300 301,700Growth Rate (%) 2.1 -1.8 1.4 3.1 4.3Age Structure0-14 70,500 68,900 67,000 66,000 67,40015-64 435,300 425,700 433,700 450,400 470,00065 and over 37,300 38,700 39,900 40,900 44,600Live-births 4,717 4,764 5,114 5,852 7,315Male 2,475 2,484 2,657 3,061 3,894Female 2,242 2,280 2,457 2,791 3,421Deaths 1,756 1,664 1,774 1,845 1,841Male 971 923 990 1,069 1,036Female 785 741 784 776 805Marriage (cases) 2,778 3,035 3,103 3,545 3,783Divorce (cases) 658 782 889 998 1,230Foreigners granted legal residencyin Macao SARNon-resident workers granted legaladmission into Macao SARTotal non-resident workers residingin Macao SAR (at year-end)7,917 9,489 4,455 2,812 2,37165,905 33,250 35,508 54,813 60,62492,161 74,905 75,813 94,028 110,552Legal immigrants from the mainland 2,280 3,121 9,056 6,222 4,060Totals are rounded up, and may therefore not correspond exactly to the sums of the individual figures forvarious segments.519

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 28Law and Order Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Crimes registered 13,864 12,406 11,649 12,512 12,685Property infringements 7,728 6,462 6,095 7,080 2,479Personal violations 2,707 2,505 2,472 2,428 7,283Social disturbance 909 675 661 670 701Against the territory 883 1,000 867 955 795Others 1,637 1,764 1,554 1,379 1,427Prisoners (at year-end) 912 930 929 1,030 1,112Male 804 803 788 872 933Female 108 127 141 158 179No.520

AppendicesAppendix 29Labour and Employment Statistics forFive Years to 20122008 r 2009 r 2010 r 2011 2012Labour force participation rate (%) 70.7 72.3 72.0 72.5 72.4Male 77.2 78.2 78.0 78.1 78.6Female 64.6 66.9 66.6 67.5 66.8Unemployment rate (%) 3.0 3.5 2.8 2.6 2.0Male 3.2 4.2 3.5 3.0 2.3Female 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.1 1.7Underemployment (%) 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.1 0.8Active population (‘000) 327.0 323.4 323.9 336.3 350.2Male 173.4 166.2 165.3 171.1 180.7Female 153.6 157.1 158.6 165.2 169.5By age group and gender≦ 24 45.2 41.8 39.1 41.2 39.7Male 22.2 20.1 19.4 20.1 19.6Female 23.0 21.6 19.8 21.1 20.025-34 79.6 78.4 78.2 87.1 97.3Male 39.7 37.9 37.7 42.7 49.0Female 39.9 40.5 40.5 44.5 48.335-44 86.3 83.6 81.4 82.0 83.2Male 41.5 38.7 36.8 37.6 39.5Female 44.7 44.9 44.6 44.4 43.745-54 82.5 84.2 85.2 83.0 83.5Male 47.5 46.1 45.2 43.1 42.7Female 35.0 38.1 40.0 39.9 40.855-64 29.4 31.4 35.6 37.8 41.4Male 19.3 20.3 22.8 23.9 26.1Female 10.0 11.1 12.8 13.9 15.465 and over 4.0 3.9 4.5 5.1 5.0Male 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.7 3.8Female 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2521

Macao Yearbook 2013Labour and Employment Statistics forFive Years to 2012(Cont.)2008 r 2009 r 2010 r 2011 2012Employed population (‘000) 317.1 311.9 314.8 327.6 343.2Male 167.8 159.2 159.5 165.9 176.6Female 149.3 152.7 155.3 161.7 166.6By age group and gender≦ 24 42.5 38.6 36.9 38.8 37.5Male 20.5 18.2 17.9 18.7 18.3Female 22.0 20.4 19.0 20.1 19.225-34 78.3 76.8 76.7 85.6 95.7Male 39.0 37.0 36.8 41.7 48.0Female 39.3 39.8 39.9 43.9 47.735-44 84.2 81.6 80.0 80.6 82.3Male 40.7 37.8 36.1 36.9 39.1Female 43.5 43.8 43.9 43.7 43.345-54 79.6 80.9 82.3 80.8 81.9Male 45.8 43.9 43.4 41.8 41.8Female 33.9 37.0 38.9 39.0 40.155-64 28.5 30.1 34.3 36.8 40.8Male 18.7 19.3 21.8 23.1 25.6Female 9.8 10.8 12.6 13.7 15.265 and over 4.0 3.9 4.5 5.1 5.0Male 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.7 3.8Female 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2Unemployed population (‘000) 9.9 11.4 9.2 8.7 6.9Male 5.6 7.0 5.9 5.2 4.1Female 4.3 4.4 3.3 3.5 2.8By age group and gender≦ 24 2.8 3.2 2.2 2.5 2.2Male 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.3Female 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.925-34 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6Male 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9Female 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6522

AppendicesLabour and Employment Statistics forFive Years to 2012(Cont.)2008 r 2009 r 2010 r 2011 201235-44 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.9Male 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5Female 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.445-54 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.2 1.6Male 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.3 0.9Female 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.755-64 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.7Male 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.5Female 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.265 and over - - - 0 # -Male - - - 0 # -Female - - - - -0 # Less than half of the unit employed- Absolute value = 0rRevised figuresTotals are rounded up, and may therefore not correspond exactly to the sums of the individual figures forvarious segments.523

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 30Industrial and Commercial Establishmentsfor Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Manufacturing 1,127 1,047 988 975 956Textiles 56 33 32 29 26Garments 369 267 232 194 189Foods and beverages 208 259 258 278 279Construction 1,710 1,485 1,351 1,429 1,198Site preparation 74 68 62 59 42Construction of buildings (whole or part) andcivil engineering451 378 356 391 329Special installation 452 410 330 408 332Completion of buildings 725 622 600 567 488Hiring of construction and demolitionequipment with operator8 7 3 4 7Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles,motorcycles, personal and household goods12,677 13,001 12,895 12,722 13,608Sales, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles andmotorcycles; retail sales of automotive fuel844 908 916 941 1,002Wholesale trade 5,735 5,223 4,975 4,558 4,916Retail trade 6,098 6,870 7,004 7,223 7,690Transport, warehousing and communications 2,324 2,301 2,289 2,247 2,338Transport and warehousing 2,263 2,231 2,219 2,180 2,269Land transport 1,763 1,727 1,719 1,687 1,712Sea transport 16 21 21 20 25Air transport 13 13 12 12 13Supporting and auxiliary transport activities 471 470 467 461 519Communications 61 70 70 67 69Financial activitiesTotal number of banks * 27 26 28 27 28Number of branches 160 165 169 175 179Total number of insurance companies 24 23 23 23 23Notes: Data on establishments derived from administrative records.Constuction - only includes establishments operating in licensed projects during the refernce period.Land Transport - including taxi, school bus and truck registered under sole proprietorship.*The figure does not include Macao Postal Savings.524

AppendicesAppendix 31Statistics on the Employed Population for Five Yearsto 2011 by Industry(‘000)2008 r 2009 r 2010 r 2011 2012Total 317.1 311.9 314.8 327.6 343.2Manufacturing 24.3 16.4 15.2 12.8 10.3Electricity, gas and water 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.5Construction 37.6 31.8 27.1 28.2 32.3Wholesale and retail trade 38.9 40.8 41.4 43.4 42.3Hotels, restaurants and similarestablishmentsTransport, warehousing andcommunications40.8 43.2 42.8 46.1 53.015.6 16.2 18.2 16.0 16.0Financial activities 7.3 7.3 7.3 8.1 8.2Real estate, rental and business services 23.4 25.3 27.5 28.0 24.3Public administration, defence andcompulsory social security19.4 19.7 21.4 23.0 25.1Education 11.3 11.8 11.5 12.3 13.1Health and social work 6.4 7.5 8.1 8.5 8.6Recreational, cultural, gaming and otherservicesPrivate households with employedpersons (domestic servants)77.4 73.7 75.4 82.0 89.513.3 16.0 17.4 16.8 18.0Others and unknown 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.9rRevised figuresTotals are rounded up, and may therefore not correspond exactly to the sums of the individual figures forvarious segments.525

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 32Health Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Doctor per 1,000 population 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5Nurse per 1,000 population 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0Hospital bed per 1,000 population 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3ClinicsMedical clinic 295 255 225 215 206Chinese medicine clinic 165 167 153 157 159Dental clinic 95 90 81 78 75Comprehensive clinic 124 146 172 201 235Registered health personnelDoctors 866 903 926 991 1,030Doctors of chinese medicine 232 257 281 319 353Chinese medicine practitioners 208 205 202 203 202Dentists 107 116 118 126 142Odontologists 78 71 67 64 60Nurses 408 409 449 492 557Therapists 33 42 53 53 76Masseurs 13 13 13 13 13Acupuncturists 7 7 8 7 6Main causes of death (%) aDiseases of the circulatory system 27.6 26.5 25.8 27.1 25.7Neoplasms 31.0 33.1 33.0 30.9 34.8Diseases of the respiratory system 13.7 13.6 14.8 15.3 15.5Diseases of the digestive system 3.7 4.0 4.6 2.9 3.0Diseases of the genitourinary system 3.5 2.5 4.8 3.2 2.8Endocrine, nutritional andmetabolic diseases6.4 5.8 4.3 4.8 4.6aThe cause of death is classified in accordance to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10threvision) since 2007.526

AppendicesAppendix 33Regular and Continuing EducationRegular Education by School Year2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012Students per 1,000 inhabitants 189 r 181 r 183 r 181 r 174EstablishmentsTotal a 117 r 116 r 116 r 114 r 112Kindergarten b 58 56 57 57 60Primary education b 73 70 70 70 71Secondary education(including vocational schools) b 52 r 53 r 53 r 50 60Tertiary education 10 10 10 10 10TeachersTotal 6,317 r 6,612 r 6,641 r 7,027 r 7,116Kindergarten 521 548 669 747 832Primary education 1,703 1,727 1,765 1,841 1,897Secondary education(including vocational schools)2,334 r 2,525 r 2,550 r 2,665 2,734Tertiary education 1,759 1,812 1,963 2,088 1,982StudentsAt the end of the school year 100,273 98,094 96,886 97,352 96,376Kindergarten 9,065 9,127 9,776 10,804 11,787Primary education 30,012 27,483 25,326 23,785 22,646Secondary education(including vocational schools)41,271 39,328 38,222 37,224 35,726Tertiary education 19,925 22,156 23,562 25,539 26,217Students per teacherRegular education 18.8 r 17.3 r 16.3 r 15.0 r 14.6Special education 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.6 6.2Continuing Education by School Year2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012Establishments 132 137 129 130 ..Teachers 1,683 1,628 1,682 2,086 ..Students enrolled 130,410 129,146 121,787 127,656 ..Note: Excluded recurrent and pre-university education.aActual figuresbSchools/teachers providing different instruction levels at the same location are counted repeatedlyrRevised figures.. Not applicable527

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 34Construction Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Completion of buildings inprivate sectorBuildings 53 52 65 54 62Units 1,177 3,251 4,527 1,387 2,558Gross floor area (m 2 ) 584,147 1,406,242 1,271,509 1,162,506 1,568,470No. of parking spaces for cars 1,476 6,291 5,072 2,940 4,236No. of parking spaces formotorcycles477 1,750 1,753 1,185 1,468Construction of new buildings inprivate sectorBuildings 37 45 55 67 53Units 2,046 1,547 870 2,159 1,592Gross floor area (m 2 ) 533,310 228,874 183,571 367,253 304,376No. of parking spaces for cars 2,412 607 637 1,277 1,029No. of parking spaces formotorcycles494 198 195 718 355Building units transacted as perrecord of stamp duty21,516 17,310 29,617 27,624 25,419Residential 13,686 11,307 17,989 17,176 16,917Commercial and office 1,687 1,839 2,751 3,128 2,972Industrial 185 201 208 194 246Parking spaces 5,812 3,853 8,483 6,977 5,122Others 146 110 186 149 162Value of building units transactedas per record of stamp duty 35,025 26,299 56,754 76,255 100,906(MOP million)Residential 29,778 21,517 45,939 58,861 74,230Commercial and office 3,033 2,976 6,580 12,696 19,006Industrial 334 727 422 911 1,535Parking spaces 1,189 835 2,322 2,754 3,381Others 690 243 1,491 1,033 2,753528

AppendicesAppendix 35Transport Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Vehicles in circulation (No.)Cars 85,041 86,784 90,214 95,151 101,712Motorcycles 97,724 102,566 106,420 111,198 115,623Traffic accidentsNo. of accidents 12,834 12,643 13,155 14,102 14,688Persons injured and/or dead 4,515 4,685 5,313 5,517 5,268Total cross-border vehicle traffic (No.)In 1,888,457 1,747,823 1,900,933 2,047,054 2,222,373Out 1,897,406 1,760,336 1,911,310 2,088,856 2,243,481Vehicle traffic through the Border Gate (No.)In 1,551,433 1,452,692 1,592,013 1,712,609 1,875,298Out 1,520,137 1,406,262 1,551,494 1,691,239 1,838,337Vehicles traffic through the COTAICheckpoint (No.)In 332,401 288,202 299,781 323,018 335,117Out 371,740 346,002 349,629 385,554 392,391Vehicles traffic through the CrossborderIndustrial Zone (No.)In 4,623 6,929 9,139 11,427 11,958Out 5,529 8,072 10,187 12,063 12,753Ferry trips (No.)In 52,298 65,493 74,122 73,075 70,045Out 52,991 66,102 73,078 72,985 69,910529

Macao Yearbook 2013Transport Statistics for Five Years to 2012(Cont.)2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Container flow by sea a (No.)In 47,873 39,352 40,894 48,235 54,253Out 40,348 24,286 24,378 26,668 33,454Seaborne containerised cargo (Tonne)In 253,341 145,680 147,031 r 156,767 183,555Out 53,937 22,682 19,498 21,526 17,660Seaborne containerised throughput (TEU)In 66,306 53,071 55,390 64,490 73,056Out 57,333 34,574 35,090 37,199 46,705Container flow by land a (No.)In 3,075 2,202 2,423 1,993 1,935Out 3,198 2,267 2,193 1,867 1,628Containerised land cargo (Tonne)In 70,403 24,887 24,218 18,716 15,372Out 10,286 13,727 4,805 5,843 4,324Commercial flights at the MacauInternational Airport (No.)Arrival 23,009 18,581 17,327 17,703 19,285Departure 23,027 18,596 17,327 17,701 19,278Cargo at the Macau International Airport(Tonne)In 16,705 13,257 13,597 9,826 6,393Out 41,548 28,729 32,361 24,950 16,348arThe total number of laden and empty container trips entering and exiting Macao.Revised figures530

AppendicesAppendix 36Communications Statistics for Five Years to 20122008 2009 2010 2011 2012Telephone lines at year-end 175,920 171,360 168,374 166,310 162,533Mobile telephone users at year-end(Prepaid cards included)932,596 1,037,380 1,122,261 1,353,194 1,613,457Telephone fixed lines per 1,000inhabitants324 321 311 298 279Mobile telephone users per 1,000inhabitants1,717 1,945 2,076 2,428 2,772Internet subscribers 128,502 143,353 170,462 209,223 231,582Hours of Internet usage (‘000 hours) 252,912 340,418 422,769 527,611 678,396Postal services (‘000 units)Ordinary mail 29,687 30,028 30,668 32,467 31,415Registered mail 652 659 691 845 826531

Macao Yearbook 2013Appendix 37Consumption of Energy and Construction Materials,and Liquid and Gaseous Fuel Statisticsfor Five Years to 2012Annual Consumption of Energy and Construction Materials2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Water (‘000 m 3 ) 67,457 68,117 67,149 70,549 75,282Electricity (million kwh) a 3,311.7 3,463.3 3,655.5 3,856.5 4,204.8Gas fuel (tonnes) 40,128 39,740 40,744 42,908 43,615Natural gas (‘000 m 3 ) 82,314 93,157 154,688 73,610 -Liquid fuel (‘000 litres)* 390,776 424,639 299,959 341,803 354,464Cement (tonnes) 642,750 276,710 214,166 314,814 545,319Liquid and Gaseous Fuel Statistics2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Petrol (‘000 litres)Imports 62,648 68,243 # # #Consumption 63,516 68,928 74,785 81,707 87,086Kerosene (‘000 litres)Imports 7,225 6,545 # # #Consumption 7,263 6,574 6,018 5,562 4,985Gas oil and diesel (‘000 litres)Imports 148,849 150,372 143,431 157,255 175,013Consumption 158,633 148,186 147,816 156,526 174,717532

AppendicesLiquid and Gaseous Fuel Statistics(Cont.)2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Fuel oil (‘000 litres)Imports 148,425 202,688 66,117 95,679 88,378Consumption 161,364 200,951 71,340 98,008 87,677L.P. gas (tonnes)Imports 40,022 39,542 39,987 42,478 43,477Consumption 40,128 39,740 40,744 42,908 43,615Natural gas (‘000 m 3 )Imports 82,558 93,371 154,514 73,544 -Consumption 82,314 93,157 154,688 73,610 -*The amount of aviation kerosene is not included.- Absolute value = 0#Confidential data533

Macao Yearbook 2013

Macao Yearbook Editorial TeamChief editor:Victor Chan Chi PingDeputy chief editor:Louie Wong Lok IEditorial committee:Ines Lam Pui Cheng, Alberto Au Kam Va, ElenaAu Son Wa, Joana Vong Pui San, Chan U Hong,Kelvin Chu Ka Lun, and Jessica Lou Kuai MuiExecutive editors:Amelia Leong Man Ieng, Eva Lei Sao Iok, RoyceMui Chong Meng, and Alex Che Weng PengContributing writers:Amelia Leong Man Ieng, Eva Lei Sao Iok, RoyceMui Chong Meng, Alex Che Weng Peng, andWilly Hong Chio WaTranslation/editing/proofreading: William Ip, Martin Turner, Brian Chan, KittyChan, Li Sze Man, Elaine Lui, Serena Ng,Dominic Tsang, Lorraine Yuen, Martin Williams,Eva Lei Sao Iok, Alex Che Weng Peng and BrigidaAmante GomesPhotography:Lou Kam Lit, Vitor Alves, Choi Chak Lim,Cheong Ka Ian, Ho Kuok Wai, Chan Weng Chon,Pedro Kong Chan Wai and Yiu Yat Chung

Macao Yearbook 2013Publisher: Government Information Bureau of the Macao Special Administrative RegionAddress: Avenida da Praia Grande, n. os 762-804, Edif. China Plaza, 15.º andar, MacaoTelephone: (853) 2833 2886Fax: (853) 2835 5426Website: http://www.gcs.gov.moE-mail: info@gcs.gov.moYearbook website: http://yearbook.gcs.gov.moEnquiry: yearbook@gcs.gov.moCover design, artwork and printing: Government Printing Bureau of the MacaoSpecial Administrative RegionAddress: Rua da Imprensa Nacional, MacaoTelephone: (853) 2857 3822Fax: (853) 2859 6802Website: http://www.io.gov.moE-mail: info@io.gov.moAll rights reservedISBN 978-99937-56-28-6Print run: 700First edition: November 2013Price: 120 patacas

HE ZHOUGUANG XIQING YUANHE YUANWU ZHOUYUN FUZHAO QINGFO SHANGUANG ZHOUDONG GUANHUI ZHOUSHAN WEIJIANG MENZHONG SHANSHEN ZHENZHU HAIHong Kong Special Administrative RegionMacao Special Administrative RegionYANG JIANGMAO MINGLegend :Expressway(dotted line means under-construction)Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge(dotted line means under-construction)National roadwayMACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION IN ITS REGIONAL SETTINGCartography and Cadastre Bureau

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