An Introduction to the Invertebrates, Second Edition - tiera.ru

318 INDEXProboscisin nemertines 75, 78–80, 83, 84,Fig. 7.3in other animals (proboscis orintrovert) 58, 59Prosobranchiata 125, 128–30, 133,Fig. 10.5Prosoma 181, 182, 184Protobranchiata 137; see also NuculaProtonephridia (flame cells) seeExcretory organsProtostomes 76, 85–6, 102, 121, 152,154, 216–19, 249–50, 267,Fig. 20.2, Box 5.2Prototroch 86, 249, Fig. 9.5Pseudocoel 51, 54Pseudoscorpions Fig. 14.3bPterobranchiata 216, 218–19, 242–4,Fig. 18.5a,bPulmonata 125, 130, 132, Fig. 10.6d; seealso Slugs, SnailsPupa 192, 201, 206–8Pycnogonida 165, 181, 184,Fig. 14.1cRadula 120–2, 126, 140, Fig. 10.1aRecessive 3Red Queen 7Reef-buildingcorals 43–5sponges 26, 28Regeneration 27, 34, 70, 240, 257,Fig. 19.6Remipedia 180, Fig. 13.3dReproduction, sexual and asexual 2–6,Box 6.1acoelomates 27–8, 39, 41, 58, 69–70,82–3arthropods 183, 188, 201molluscs 132–3, 147parthenogenetic 58, 133worms 91, 94, 115–16Resilin 156, 199, Fig. 12.2Respiration 110–11, Box 9.2; see alsoGills, Lungs, Tracheaeanaerobic 56, 94, 199arthropods 183, 187, 191deuterostomes 222, 231, 237, 244molluscs 128–30, 122pigments 111; see also Haemocyanin,HaemoglobinRhabditophora 66, 73Rhabdopleura 242–3, Fig. 16.2a; see alsoPterobranchiataRhodnius 195Rhynchocoel 78–81, 84, 86, 269,Fig. 7.4c,dRibonucleic acid (RNA) 6interference (RNAi) 99messenger (mRNA) 19, 249, 255ribosomal (rRNA) 19, 21Ribosomal genes (rDNA) 19RNA see Ribonucleic acidRotifera 58, 272, Fig. 5.2eSabella 117, 118, Fig. 9.6aSaccoglossus 241–2Sacculina 178, Fig. 13.6Sagitta Fig. 5.4d; see alsoChaetognathaSalpa 240, Fig. 18.3dScallop (Pecten) 137, 139Scaphopoda 139; see also DentaliumScorpion 185–6, Fig. 14.3Scrobicularia Fig. 11.1eScutigera 190, Fig. 14.5bScyphozoa 35; see also JellyfishSea cucumbers see HolothuroideaSea daisies see ConcentricycloideaSea lilies see CrinoideaSea squirt, 239–40; see also AscidiaceaSea urchins see EchinoideaSedentary animals 38, 59, 137; see alsoSessile animalsSegmentation, metamericin annelids 101–2, 106, 119, 269in arthropods 153, 154, 161, 166,189–91, 192worms, various 58, 59Sense organs 133, 145, 222, 229; see alsoEyesin arthropods 154, 163–5, 188,Figs. 12.6, 12.7Sepia see CuttlefishSeptibranchs 138, Fig. 11.2Septum (pl. septa) 101, 106, 141Serpulidae 117Sessile animalscnidaria 32, 36, 39sponges 23–5, 27, 29various 116, 133, 137, 170, 213,239–40Setae see ChaetaeShellin arthropods 170in brachiopods 14, 215–16in molluscs 120–1, 123–5, 127–30,135–9, 140, 249Shrimps 168, 171, Fig. 13.6a,d,Box 18.1Siboglinidae 59; see also Pogonophora(siboglinidae)Silk 186, 188–9Simplicity 9, 32–4, 46, 67–8, 73–4,267–8contrast Primitive conditionSiphon 135, 137Siphonophora 35, 41, Fig. 4.7Siphuncle 141, Box 11.1Sipuncula 59, 118, Fig. 5.4bSkeleton 15, 24–6hard 223–4, 228–9, Fig. 4.8; see alsoCorals, Exoskeleton, Ossicles,Spiculeshydrostatic 37, 38, 48–54, 60, 90–5,106–7Slugs 124–5; see alsoOpisthobranchiata, PulmonataSnails 120, 124–5, Fig. 10.6d; see alsoPulmonataSocial insects 205, 207Solifugae (Sun spiders) Fig. 14.3cSoma, somatic 3–5Sorberacea 240Spermatozoa 67–9, Figs. 6.2b,d, 6.3b;see also ReproductionSpicules 24–5, 29, 125–6, Fig. 3.1eSpiders (Araneae) 186–9, Fig. 14.3Spines 60, 229, Figs. 17.5, 17.6Spiracle 167, 191, 193, 194, 252,Fig. 15.1aSpirorbis 117, Fig. 9.6bSponges (Porifera) 9, 17, 23–31, 257,266–7, Figs. 3.1–3.3Squid 142, 144–7, Fig. 11.4eStarfish 222–3, 226–8, Fig. 17.1Stomocord 242–4Stone flies 205, Fig. 15.5cStylet 77, 84, Fig. 7.3Sulston, J. 95Symbiosis 43–5, Box 16.1Symmetrybilateral 47, 231, 254; see alsoBilateriabiradial 63–4radial 32, 38, 222, 224, 232Symphyla 191, Fig. 14.5dSyncitium 26, 67, 91Taenia (tapeworm) 67, 72, Fig. 6.4b,Box 6.1Tagmata 154