6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 10, 2005No. 28THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLYJuly111999Where is our synergy?A short six years ago, this newspaper and the vast majority <strong>of</strong> our organizedcommunity were abuzz with news <strong>of</strong> an extraord<strong>in</strong>ary happen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Wash<strong>in</strong>gton.Th<strong>in</strong>k back. Can you remember what it was?On June 23-27, 1999, more than 900 people, members <strong>of</strong> various <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionalsocieties, community organizations and <strong>in</strong>stitutions participated <strong>in</strong> theJo<strong>in</strong>t Conferences <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> American Organizations. The mega-event provideda venue for community members to learn what our community has to <strong>of</strong>fer and toconsider how all its component parts might be able to improve their cooperation andbenefit from synergistic relationships – all, <strong>of</strong> course, keep<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d our community’stwo realities: our life here <strong>in</strong> the United States and our concern for Ukra<strong>in</strong>e.As part <strong>of</strong> the program, organizations held their <strong>in</strong>dividual meet<strong>in</strong>gs, variousgroups set up <strong>in</strong>formative displays, vendors sold their wares, receptions were held atthe Embassy <strong>of</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e and the U.S. State Department as well as on Capitol Hill, andeveryone came together for a huge banquet and ball. Among the participants werephysicians, lawyers, architects, librarians, journalists, credit union leaders, veterans,eng<strong>in</strong>eers and, not to be forgotten, <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> National Women’s League <strong>of</strong> America.The motto for the Jo<strong>in</strong>t Conferences, as expla<strong>in</strong>ed by Dr. Roman Goy, pr<strong>in</strong>cipalorganizer, was “synergy, whereby the action <strong>of</strong> the whole is greater than that<strong>of</strong> its parts”; its goal: to build teamwork for the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> community.It was an excit<strong>in</strong>g time for our community, a time when we looked ahead to a moreeffective hromada with a bright future. The expectation was that the Jo<strong>in</strong>t Conferenceswere not just a one-time super event, but a com<strong>in</strong>g together <strong>of</strong> our community’s membersand powers that would lay the foundation for a new modus vivendi. TheWeekly’s editorial hailed the endeavor as “a new model” for our community life.And today, well, it seems our <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> American community is unfocused, perhapseven lost. Each organization is out do<strong>in</strong>g its own th<strong>in</strong>g – some more successfullythan others; many are flounder<strong>in</strong>g. We’ve gotta ask: Where has our synergy gone?Perhaps it is time once aga<strong>in</strong> for a synergistic gather<strong>in</strong>g at which we can take stock <strong>of</strong>our community’s assets and chart a course for our hromada’s health and success.A POSTSCRIPT: A concrete example <strong>of</strong> synergy’s effectiveness was this newspaper’scoverage <strong>of</strong> the <strong>in</strong>dividual organizations’ sessions held as part <strong>of</strong> the Jo<strong>in</strong>tConferences. Eleven different byl<strong>in</strong>es appeared atop the news stories <strong>in</strong> a special section<strong>of</strong> our newspaper on July 11, 1999. The Weekly had contacted all the groups hold<strong>in</strong>gsessions and proposed that they become our collaborators <strong>in</strong> present<strong>in</strong>g the completestory <strong>of</strong> the Jo<strong>in</strong>t Conferences. The plan worked wonderfully. The Weekly’s workwith volunteers from diverse organizations was an illustration <strong>of</strong> the mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> “synergy”:cooperative <strong>in</strong>teraction among groups that creates an enhanced comb<strong>in</strong>ed effect.And so, we make our <strong>of</strong>fer to readers once aga<strong>in</strong>: Use us! Submit stories about yourorganization’s or community’s work and share your success so that others may benefitfrom your experience. Consider our newspaper’s pages your pages and our editors yourcolleagues. Remember: Together we are many, and together we are powerful.Turn<strong>in</strong>g the pages back...Six years ago, after the Jo<strong>in</strong>t Conferences <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>American Organizations had concluded <strong>in</strong> Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, The<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Weekly ran a guest editorial by Orest S.Deychakiwsky, then president <strong>of</strong> The Wash<strong>in</strong>gton Group. Theeditorial was a version <strong>of</strong> his open<strong>in</strong>g remarks at the TWG conference, held under thetheme “At the Threshold,” on June 26 dur<strong>in</strong>g the Jo<strong>in</strong>t Conferences. His observationsare worth recall<strong>in</strong>g today as, once aga<strong>in</strong>, Ukra<strong>in</strong>e stands at the threshold.Follow<strong>in</strong>g are excerpts from the guest editorial <strong>of</strong> July 11, 1999.* * *... Will Ukra<strong>in</strong>e be positioned to become an <strong>in</strong>tegral part <strong>of</strong> the West, or will it befated to rema<strong>in</strong> on the periphery <strong>of</strong> Europe? This rema<strong>in</strong>s to be seen.Unfortunately, Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s political leadership does not appear to have made the fundamentaldecision to make thoroughgo<strong>in</strong>g <strong>reform</strong>s conducive to jo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the West. Its enlightenedforeign policy leadership has certa<strong>in</strong>ly moved <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> foreign policy <strong>in</strong> the direction<strong>of</strong> the West. Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s foreign policy, <strong>in</strong> my view, is a success. ... But a Western-orientedforeign policy is simply not enough when Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s <strong>in</strong>ternal situation rema<strong>in</strong>s ambivalent.... many expectations <strong>of</strong> the West, <strong>of</strong> the diaspora and, most importantly, <strong>of</strong><strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>s themselves have gone unfulfilled. ... Changes will take time, but will notcome until Ukra<strong>in</strong>e decisively moves on a <strong>reform</strong>ist path and cleans up government.Despite the rhetoric <strong>of</strong> its leadership and the progress that has occurred <strong>in</strong> somerespects, Ukra<strong>in</strong>e has yet to make the fundamental decision to go <strong>in</strong> the direction <strong>of</strong> theopen, democratic, prosperous and progressive West. Alas, much <strong>of</strong> what transpires onthe ground <strong>in</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e – the corruption, <strong>in</strong>adequate rule <strong>of</strong> law, stifl<strong>in</strong>g bureaucracy,over-regulation – belies the rhetoric and serves to neutralize the positive changes thathave taken place with Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s <strong>in</strong>dependence and s<strong>in</strong>ce Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s <strong>in</strong>dependence. ...Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s straddl<strong>in</strong>g the fence has not made it easy for the West, for the UnitedStates, and, <strong>in</strong>deed, for the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> American community. It has been downrightfrustrat<strong>in</strong>g at times. Perhaps the easiest course <strong>of</strong> action would be to throw up ourhands <strong>in</strong> despair and write <strong>of</strong>f Ukra<strong>in</strong>e ... But it would not be the right course <strong>of</strong> action.Thankfully, the United States has not abandoned Ukra<strong>in</strong>e ... We need to cont<strong>in</strong>ue tosupport Ukra<strong>in</strong>e as well through well-thought-out assistance programs, especiallythose designed to strengthen <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> civil society.And, I might add, support<strong>in</strong>g Ukra<strong>in</strong>e also <strong>in</strong>cludes constructively criticiz<strong>in</strong>g thegovernment <strong>of</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e where necessary ... The two – support and constructive criticism– are not mutually exclusive. ...Source: “At the Threshold,” guest editorial by Orest S. Deychakiwsky, The<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Weekly, July 11, 1999, Vol. LXVII, No. 28.NEWS AND VIEWSRoyal Canadian Legion’s Branch 360unjustly has its charter suspendedby Lubomyr LuciukIt was near midnight before I hailed acab, head<strong>in</strong>g west to Holland Park. Aswe passed through Sussex Gardens Iglanced, <strong>in</strong>st<strong>in</strong>ctively, toward No. 218and saw the plaque recall<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>Canadian soldiers who established their“London Club” there dur<strong>in</strong>g the secondworld war.For thousands that build<strong>in</strong>g became a“home away from home,” where theym<strong>in</strong>gled socially and steeled themselvesfor the sacrifices they knew they wouldyet face. Those army, navy and air forcevolunteers, men and women like BohdanPanchuk, his wife, Anne Cherniawsky,Tony Yaremovich, Stanley Frolick, BillKereliuk, Ann Crapleve, Steve Pawlukand many others, were, as Panchuk onceobserved, “heroes <strong>of</strong> their day.” Most aregone now but they are not forgotten.Before I could tell him <strong>of</strong> the role Iplayed <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>stall<strong>in</strong>g that marker, my taxidriver, an Englishman, po<strong>in</strong>ted it out andtold me what it says, clearly feel<strong>in</strong>g itworthy <strong>of</strong> a tourist’s attention. Over therethey still remember how Canadianshelped fight <strong>of</strong>f fascism.That plaque was unveiled <strong>in</strong> 1995, onthe 50th anniversary <strong>of</strong> the end <strong>of</strong> thewar, thanks to Toronto’s Branch 360 <strong>of</strong>the Royal Canadian Legion. Without apenny <strong>of</strong> support from Ottawa, much lessfrom the Legion’s Ontario or Dom<strong>in</strong>ioncommands, Branch 360’s membership,wedded as they are to Panchuk’s empower<strong>in</strong>gcredo – “ My gospel: do someth<strong>in</strong>g!”– did just that. They got the jobdone and remembered their beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong>wartime England.And they have done even more evers<strong>in</strong>ce.Their branch is named after FilipKonowal, a first world war veteran, andthe only <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Canadian to havebeen awarded the most prestigious dist<strong>in</strong>ction<strong>of</strong> the British Empire, theVictoria Cross.So Branch 360 placed four tril<strong>in</strong>gualplaques commemorat<strong>in</strong>g Konowal acrossCanada: <strong>in</strong> Ottawa, Toronto, Richmond,and Dauph<strong>in</strong>. They also made sureVeterans Affairs erected a proper headstoneover his f<strong>in</strong>al rest<strong>in</strong>g place, <strong>in</strong>Ottawa’s Notre Dame Cemetery.Then they went further afield.In 2000, <strong>in</strong> Konowal’s home village <strong>of</strong>Kutkivchi, Ukra<strong>in</strong>e, a monument waserected <strong>of</strong>f its central square, a welcomefoil to a nearby bust <strong>of</strong> Len<strong>in</strong>.Simultaneously, the branch f<strong>in</strong>anced publication<strong>of</strong> a tril<strong>in</strong>gual booklet aboutKonowal’s life and times as an immigrant,soldier, janitor and Canadian hero,plac<strong>in</strong>g copies <strong>in</strong> major public and universitylibraries around the world.Only recently they negotiated permissionfor another plaque to be unveiled onAugust 22, near Lens, France, justbeyond Vimy Ridge, where Konowal’svalor <strong>in</strong> battle earned him his VC, personallypresented by K<strong>in</strong>g George V.That Konowal’s long-miss<strong>in</strong>g medalwas recovered, after it mysteriouslyturned up for sale at auction <strong>in</strong> London,Ontario, last year, was also thanks largelyto Branch 360’s <strong>in</strong>tervention. Konowal’sVC is now permanently on display <strong>in</strong> thenew Canadian War Museum.Undeniably, Branch 360 has beendo<strong>in</strong>g good Legion work, for well over adecade, even as, <strong>in</strong>evitably, most otherlegion branches have faded. Why thisbranch revived, while others faltered, haseveryth<strong>in</strong>g to do with its hav<strong>in</strong>g a particularpurpose, namely further<strong>in</strong>g the<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Canadian educational andcommemorative <strong>in</strong>itiatives its founders,men like Pawluk, set a half century ago.Thus, from its <strong>in</strong>ception, Branch 360was meant to be <strong>of</strong> the Canadian Legionbut a <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> branch (hence its somewhatwhimsical acronym, “CLUB 360”).They had plans for even more goodworks.Then came June 7. A gaggle <strong>of</strong>Ontario Command apparatchiks swoopeddown on Branch 360. Hav<strong>in</strong>g first seizedits assets, they next declared its LegionCharter suspended, <strong>in</strong>form<strong>in</strong>g its startledexecutive that what was theirs had beencaptured, even before those do<strong>in</strong>g thetak<strong>in</strong>g had <strong>of</strong>ficially <strong>in</strong>formed them <strong>of</strong>the closure, much less expla<strong>in</strong>ed by whatauthority they acted – uncomradely actsthat, no doubt, will be scrut<strong>in</strong>ized carefullywhen this ambuscade’s consequencesbecome a matter for the courtsto resolve.Dr. Lubomyr Luciuk is director <strong>of</strong>research for the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> CanadianCivil Liberties <strong>Association</strong> and a member<strong>in</strong> good stand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Branch 360 <strong>of</strong>the Royal Canadian Legion. (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued on page 17)Taras CiuriakStand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> front <strong>of</strong> 218 Sussex Gardens, Padd<strong>in</strong>gton, London, are PavloPylypchuk (Lviv) and Volodymyr Muzyczka (London).
No. 28THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 10, 2005 7The th<strong>in</strong>gs we do...PERSPECTIVESby Orysia Paszczak TraczAll you’d want to know about woodwork<strong>in</strong>gI am not a l<strong>in</strong>guist, but I sure enjoywords, their def<strong>in</strong>itions and their orig<strong>in</strong>s.Even as a kid I would wonder about why,<strong>in</strong> both <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> and English, certa<strong>in</strong>words were the way they were. I rememberread<strong>in</strong>g dictionaries for fun. I alsoenjoy listen<strong>in</strong>g to languages, try<strong>in</strong>g t<strong>of</strong>igure out what is be<strong>in</strong>g spoken. Justrecently I was pleased that I guessed asong play<strong>in</strong>g on the radio was Turkish. Idon’t know how, I just knew.Books on folk art are among the manyI br<strong>in</strong>g back from Ukra<strong>in</strong>e each year, somany that I have to mail them back tomyself. (The extra weight charges wouldbe pa<strong>in</strong>ful.) One <strong>of</strong> my many f<strong>in</strong>ds lastyear was a small book, by YevhenShevchenko, “Narodna Derevoobrobka vUkra<strong>in</strong>i: Slovnyk NarodnoiTerm<strong>in</strong>olohii” (Kyiv: Artania, 1997. 260pp. illus. ISBN 966-95170-0-1), whosetitle translates as “Folk Wood Work(Process<strong>in</strong>g) <strong>in</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e: A Dictionary <strong>of</strong>Folk Terms.” This very nicely illustratedbook, with l<strong>in</strong>e draw<strong>in</strong>gs and 48 archivalphotos, covers all aspects <strong>of</strong> woodwork<strong>in</strong>g:folk wood architecture, transportation(wagons, sleighs, etc.), implementsand vessels, beekeep<strong>in</strong>g, carpentry, musical<strong>in</strong>struments and woodcarv<strong>in</strong>g. About2,800 words are listed, as well as a list <strong>of</strong>native trees, folk measurement, tools forwoodwork<strong>in</strong>g, and pr<strong>of</strong>essions <strong>in</strong> woodwork<strong>in</strong>g.A thorough <strong>in</strong>troductionexpla<strong>in</strong>s everyth<strong>in</strong>g you ever wanted toknow about woodwork<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> tradition. The def<strong>in</strong>itions alsolist the region <strong>of</strong> the term (Boyko,Hutsul, Poltava, etc.).I have no knowledge <strong>of</strong> woodworkother than lik<strong>in</strong>g the many Hutsul forms<strong>of</strong> carv<strong>in</strong>g, both pla<strong>in</strong> and with <strong>in</strong>lay. Ivaguely know that certa<strong>in</strong> k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> woodare better for this or that, that fruitwood(pear, cherry) is <strong>of</strong>ten used, that woodscome <strong>in</strong> different and subtle colors, andthat oak is a hard wood to carve.Por<strong>in</strong>g over this book, I learned thenames <strong>of</strong> objects and implements, build<strong>in</strong>gsand modes <strong>of</strong> transportation, furnitureand <strong>in</strong>struments. It should not havebeen surpris<strong>in</strong>g to learn that a familiarword does not denote what you expect <strong>in</strong>this very specific field. And the def<strong>in</strong>itionscarry you from one idea to another.The richness <strong>of</strong> the language sure comesout <strong>in</strong> all the folk terms, be it plants, folkart, or anyth<strong>in</strong>g else.“Baba” has very many mean<strong>in</strong>gs. Inthis book, it has two: it is a large sledgehammerfor pound<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> stakes or tamp<strong>in</strong>gthe ground, and it is a type <strong>of</strong> woodenpuppet used <strong>in</strong> the gestures <strong>of</strong> the“plysaky” (or “pliesaky”), the Hutsul carolersand dancers. “Babka” (usually, oldwoman, dim<strong>in</strong>utive <strong>of</strong> grandmother) hasthree totally different def<strong>in</strong>itions here,none related to grandma.“Dido” and “didok” [usually old man,grandfather] have a few, too. I did notknow there is a difference between “bodnar”and “bondar” – I thought both meantcooper, barrel-maker (similar <strong>in</strong>versionto “medvid/vedmid” for bear). Evensome <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> dictionaries have themas synonymous terms. But, a bodnar is acraftsman (“maister”) who makes“bodni” (a cask or tub with a cover, alsoa type <strong>of</strong> beehive), while a bondar is onewho makes vessels us<strong>in</strong>g “klepky” (s<strong>in</strong>gular:klepka) – staves, as used to makebarrels. Thus the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> say<strong>in</strong>g aboutsomeone miss<strong>in</strong>g a klepka <strong>in</strong> his head –not all there. A barrel without even onestave doesn’t work.A “kyianka” is not just a female fromKyiv. A “kyi” is a thick staff or cudgel,and a “kyianka” can be a wooden malletused <strong>in</strong> woodwork<strong>in</strong>g, a padded hammer/drumstickfor the Kozak “tulumbas,”or kettledrum, and a type <strong>of</strong> woodenspoon from the Dnipropetrovsk region.The entry for the word “lozhka” (spoon)gives the names for the parts <strong>of</strong> thespoon, as well as the many regionalnames and types <strong>of</strong> the utensil.In the section on the types <strong>of</strong> trees <strong>in</strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>e, there is an <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g fact onthe “tys” or “tysa” (yew – Taxus), whichcan live to be about 1,200 years old.“...The tree is very beautiful, but is verypoisonous; poison was made from w<strong>in</strong>esteeped <strong>in</strong> cups made <strong>of</strong> tysa. The poisonhas no scent or taste. There is no antidotefor it. The whole plant is poisonous – thebark, wood, seeds and needles. The onlypart not poisonous is the red fruit [borne<strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> true cones], which has amucilag<strong>in</strong>ous substance that helps <strong>in</strong> gastritisand other problems.” But poison hasits purposes – this is the same tree fromwhich Taxol is obta<strong>in</strong>ed from the bark –an important drug aga<strong>in</strong>st ovarian andother cancers. Maybe pharmacists shouldalso research the fruit.I was pleased to see a section withword beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g with the letter “g” –because <strong>in</strong> the Soviet era, and even <strong>in</strong>some post-Soviet books, this letter ismiss<strong>in</strong>g. And the compiler almost gets itright, with 18 words entered. But “grazhda”is not <strong>in</strong> this section, but appears as“hrazhda.” No respectable Hutsul wouldlive <strong>in</strong> a “hrazhda,” the Hutsul compounddwell<strong>in</strong>g. Also, accord<strong>in</strong>g to VolodymyrShukhevych (1908), the word is “greblo,”not “hreblo,” for the comb used <strong>in</strong>card<strong>in</strong>g wool.My big discovery <strong>in</strong> this book solvedthe question <strong>of</strong> “kara” and “gara.” [I’msure my MacArthur Foundation check is<strong>in</strong> the mail ...] <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Canada andthe United States <strong>of</strong>ten discuss why thehalf-na-piv term for car/automobile isdifferent <strong>in</strong> each country. In theCanadian prairie prov<strong>in</strong>ces, you drive a“gara,” while <strong>in</strong> America it is a “kara.”Well, <strong>in</strong> this glossary, the Canadians getfive po<strong>in</strong>ts – there were “garas” <strong>in</strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>e, and most probably the termjust got transposed to the new mode <strong>of</strong>transportation. A “gara” is a large wagonwith a carriage box; a detail <strong>of</strong> a wagon;a groove; a large sledge with wheels fortransport<strong>in</strong>g heavy freight; “polusanky”– freight sleigh (Boyko and Lemkoregions). The American “kara” rema<strong>in</strong>sa “kara Bozha” if you have an oldclunker (“kara” is punishment or penalty<strong>in</strong> <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>).The names for the various craftsmen<strong>in</strong> wood have left their mark on<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> surnames: “berdnyk,” “bodnar,”“bondar,” “dudar,” “klepach,”“kolodii,” “kolesnyk,” “skrypnyk,” “snitsar/shnitsar,”“stelmakh,” “tesla,” “tokar”and “trach” are among the 60 listed. Thebibliography lists 284 sources, and thearchival photos are documented.All <strong>in</strong> all, read<strong>in</strong>g this book was anenjoyable and educational journeythrough the world <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> woodwork<strong>in</strong>g.And now I will look at<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> carv<strong>in</strong>gs, fences, build<strong>in</strong>gs andbarrels with a new appreciation.BY ANDREW FEDYNSKYForty years seems like yesterdayForty years is special; biblical somehow.That’s how old Isaac was when hemarried Rebecca; it’s how long Mosesand the Israelites wandered <strong>in</strong> the desert;Saul, David and various rulers reignedfor the same length <strong>of</strong> time; and so on.And though I claim no special status, it’sforty years this year s<strong>in</strong>ce I graduatedfrom Rhodes High School <strong>in</strong> Cleveland.That was no small feat for a kid born <strong>in</strong>a DP (displaced persons) camp <strong>in</strong> warshatteredEurope. The credit for that, however,is not m<strong>in</strong>e. It properly belongs to theparents who survived the crucible <strong>of</strong>World War II and, hav<strong>in</strong>g navigated the<strong>in</strong>trigue and bureaucracy <strong>of</strong> the refugeecamps, got a visa and a boat ride toAmerica where there were jobs thatallowed them to send three sons to college.This column, though, isn’t about myfamily or me; it’s about the <strong>in</strong>stitutions thatwere born <strong>in</strong> Northern Ohio the year Igraduated from high school. By co<strong>in</strong>cidence,Cleveland’s <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Scout<strong>in</strong>gorganization, Plast, bought 140 acres <strong>in</strong> themiddle <strong>of</strong> Ohio’s Amish Country <strong>in</strong> 1965,while the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> American Youth<strong>Association</strong> (SUM) bought a campsite <strong>in</strong>Well<strong>in</strong>gton. Over the next four decades,thousands <strong>of</strong> young people left their footpr<strong>in</strong>tson these two campsites where theysang, played, enjoyed nature up close and<strong>in</strong> many cases, met their spouses.Look<strong>in</strong>g back, it’s clear how thesecamps, and others like them, made a pr<strong>of</strong>ounddifference at a time when the<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> nation was struggl<strong>in</strong>g for its veryexistence. A quarter <strong>of</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s population– as many as 10 million – had died <strong>in</strong>1932-1933 dur<strong>in</strong>g the Fam<strong>in</strong>e-Genocide;another 7 million were killed <strong>in</strong> World WarII. Besides the horrific physical losses, thenation’s language and culture were underassault from aggressive Russification <strong>in</strong> theOld Country and assimilation <strong>in</strong> the New.Those who survived the Soviets andNazis were happy to be alive – no doubtabout it. Still, their lives were t<strong>in</strong>ged withsadness for those they had lost. And evenas they enjoyed America’s bounty andfreedom, they yearned for the homelandthat was ever out <strong>of</strong> reach and the nationthreatened with ext<strong>in</strong>ction. Resolute <strong>in</strong>their goal to elim<strong>in</strong>ate nationalities like<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>s, Latvians, Estonians, etc. andcreate <strong>in</strong>stead a new “Soviet” identitywith Russian as the l<strong>in</strong>gua franca, theCommunists arrested the handful <strong>of</strong> dissidentswho <strong>in</strong>sisted on the right to expressthemselves <strong>in</strong> their national idiom. With avast bureaucracy and a ruthless secretpolice, the Politburo <strong>in</strong> Moscow appearedunbeatable as they steered the futuretoward the direction they wanted it to go.Almost quixotically, <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>s <strong>in</strong> thediaspora fought back, urg<strong>in</strong>g Western governmentsto support the dissidents. And <strong>in</strong>the course <strong>of</strong> becom<strong>in</strong>g Americans with theright to petition their government, many <strong>of</strong>those who had spent their summers at thePlast and SUM campsites became activeparticipants <strong>in</strong> the 1970s and 1980s lobby<strong>in</strong>gcampaign on behalf <strong>of</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e.It’s a truism that people without a past,have no future. To destroy the basis for<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> statehood, Soviet historiographym<strong>in</strong>imized or denied Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s unique identityand <strong>in</strong>stead emphasized elements thatclaimed Russians and <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>s have acommon dest<strong>in</strong>y. Evidence to the contrarywas suppressed, even destroyed: <strong>in</strong> May1964, more than half a million books andmanuscripts at the Central Scientific Library<strong>of</strong> Ukra<strong>in</strong>e, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the archives <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> National Republic, were burned.An arsonist l<strong>in</strong>ked to the KGB set the fire.Although the struggle for Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s existencewas oriented on the future, a youngpr<strong>of</strong>essor at Ohio’s Bowl<strong>in</strong>g Green StateUniversity, Lubomyr Wynar, along with thedist<strong>in</strong>guished history chair at the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>Academy <strong>of</strong> Arts and Sciences, OleksanderOhloblyn, recognized that one <strong>of</strong> the majorbattlefields was located <strong>in</strong> the past. That’swhy, 40 years ago this year, they launchedanother quixotic project: the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>Historical <strong>Association</strong>. Their goal was noth<strong>in</strong>gless than rescu<strong>in</strong>g Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s legacy.In 1965 Ukra<strong>in</strong>e was considered “part <strong>of</strong>Russia.” Objective research <strong>in</strong>to Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’shistory was impossible <strong>in</strong> the home country;<strong>in</strong> the West, Russian <strong>Studies</strong> programsblocked <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> topics as “not serious.”Drs. Wynar and Ohloblyn were fully aware<strong>of</strong> these circumstances. That’s why they c<strong>of</strong>oundedthe association. With<strong>in</strong> a few years,the association united <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> historiansand scholars <strong>in</strong> the U.S., Canada, Australia,Western and Central Europe <strong>in</strong> an effort tocollect source materials on <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>History, promote research and the development<strong>of</strong> <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> academic programs atAmerican and Canadian universities.As their primary tool, they adopted thescholarly journal, <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Historian, editedby Pr<strong>of</strong>. Wynar s<strong>in</strong>ce 1963. As <strong>of</strong> 2005,there have been 165 issues <strong>in</strong> 42 volumes.Although the circulation was always modest,the mere existence <strong>of</strong> the journal had anenormous impact on Soviet <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> historiography.Ironically, no one read it morecarefully than the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Branch <strong>of</strong> theKGB, who <strong>in</strong>structed Soviet historians tocounter the “<strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> bourgeois nationalist”version <strong>of</strong> history. In do<strong>in</strong>g so, the battlefor Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s past moved from Moscow’sturf to Pr<strong>of</strong>. Wynar’s. When the proposalwas made to shift the Soviet <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>Historical Journal from the native languageto Russian, proponents <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> po<strong>in</strong>tedto the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Historian, and arguedthat do<strong>in</strong>g so would give the “nationalists” apropaganda victory. They prevailed and itrema<strong>in</strong>ed the only pr<strong>of</strong>essional journal toresist Russification.Celebrat<strong>in</strong>g its 40th anniversary thisyear, the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> Historical<strong>Association</strong> boasts 10 branches <strong>in</strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>e and two <strong>in</strong>ternational congresses:Chernivtsi <strong>in</strong> 2000 and Kamianets-Podilskyi <strong>in</strong> 2003. More than 400 scholarsfrom many countries participated.The struggle for Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s existencehas been waged on many fronts. These<strong>in</strong>clude the two beautiful campsitesCleveland’s <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong> community bought40 years ago. Another front opened a fewmiles away <strong>in</strong> Bowl<strong>in</strong>g Green, when a33-year-old scholar partnered with a 68-year-old to start an association dedicatedto preserv<strong>in</strong>g Ukra<strong>in</strong>e’s past.1965, the year I graduated from highschool, proved to be a significant year, butthe fact is every year is significant. Peoplemake decisions all the time that prove tobe critical 40 days, 40 months, 40 yearsdown the l<strong>in</strong>e. So, look<strong>in</strong>g back 40 years,I can’t help but wonder what the impact <strong>of</strong>what we do this year will be 40 yearsfrom now. Judg<strong>in</strong>g by the decision to buythe campsites or start the <strong>Ukra<strong>in</strong>ian</strong>Historical <strong>Association</strong>, effort is rewarded;faith is v<strong>in</strong>dicated. Happy anniversary!Andrew Fedynsky’s e-mail address is:fedynsky@stratos.net.