Halcrow, Coastal Studies Forward Programme Data Compilation ...

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2 Coastal System Characterisation2.1 Historical data reviewThe availability and coverage of historical Ordnance Survey maps, aerialphotography, bathymetry and digital elevation models was originally reviewed andcatalogued in Halcrow 2001 and 2002b. The review revealed that no high qualitybaseline survey data were available for the LLWR frontage, but identified a largeamount of historical aerial imagery and OS mapping were available from variousarchives. Digital historical maps and aerial images were procured at this time andassembled within a GIS database to allow analysis and comparison with newbaseline survey data captured in early 2002. These data were then used toaccurately quantify historical coastal change of the LLWR frontage over the period1863 to 2002 for the first time (Halcrow 2003a).Appendix A provides a catalogue of historical and baseline datasets procuredunder the forward programme.2.2 Nearshore hydrodynamics2.2.1 Models and dataNumerical modelling and analysis of nearshore hydrodynamics was presented inHalcrow (2003b) and the datasets procured are catalogued in Appendix A. Thisnumerical modelling work used factual information on bathymetry, water-levels,tidal currents, wave and wind climate to model potential sediment transport ofdifferent sediment size fractions in the nearshore zone, alongshore and crossshore.Table 2.1 summarises the models used and Figure 2.1 shows how data andmodels were combined in the analysis.The models used in 2003 are industry standard and remain in use today. Themodels and results remain valid and only require review, and possible revision ifappropriate and of value, with new data (i.e. post 2003) to provide an up-to-datestatement on numerical hydrodynamic modelling. The following models were usedin the analysis:(a) MWAV_REG/ MWAV_TRN (Wave model)MWAV_REG is grid-based model that provides information on the wave heightand direction across a large area of regular grid cells for given offshore conditions.Doc No 1 Rev 2: Date: May 2010 9
The model is based upon an evolution equation for water waves, which has beendeveloped from the mild slope equation by using the perturbation method (Li1994). The mild slope equation, first derived by Berkhoff (1972), is widely used incoastal engineering. During its development, the model has been tested againstexperimental data and has undergone a process of calibration and validation.MWAV_REG has been extensively and successfully used on coastal studiesthroughout the world.Table 2.1 Coastal process models usedModel Type Model Used PurposeWave modelCurrentmodelCross-shoremodelLongshoremodelMWAV_REG/MWAV_TRNDAWNCOSMOSKamphuis equation(Kamphuis 2000) Assess wave climate (i.e. frequency and wavelength) Provide regional wave climate for wave-current interactionmodelling Transform waves inshore using bathymetry data to determineaffects of defraction and refraction. Used for sedimenttransport assessment by cross-shore and alongshore models Assess tidal currents and suspended sediment movement innearshore Identify areas of onshore-offshore sediment transfer Assess cross-shore response of beach sediments to waveconditions Identify key zones of sediment transport Assess longshore movement Assess spatial and temporal variations in ratesUsing the transformation results from MWAV_REG, a second model known asMWAVE_TRN was used to transform the offshore wave data inshore and provideinshore wave time series. Waves were transformed inshore to the –4m OD and 0mOD contours, taking water level variations during the period into account, so thattime series data were produced for two points on each profile. These two dataseries have been created so that any difference in transport along both the lowersand beach and the upper gravel beach can be examined.(b) DAWNMathematical modelling of tidal currents was undertaken using Halcrow’s depthintegrated 2D tidal modelling suite known as DAWN (Dispersion Advection WithNesting), which is designed to model hydrodynamics, water quality and sedimenttransport over a two-dimensional plan of the study area. It is a depth-integratedDoc No 1 Rev 2: Date: May 2010 10
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Page 4 and 5: LLW Repository LtdCoastal Studies F
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Page 8 and 9: 1 Introduction1.1 Coastal studies f
Page 10 and 11: Table 1.1. Halcrow reports relevant
Page 12 and 13: Figure 1.1. Structure of the forwar
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