Halcrow, Coastal Studies Forward Programme Data Compilation ...

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Figure 2.3 Relative sea-level reconstruction from Ravenglass estuary complex, Morecambe Bayand Solway Firth. <strong>Data</strong> in black are radiocarbon dated sea-level index points from Cumbria.Index points represented by ‘T’ are limiting points, sea-level lies below this altitude. The relativesea-level curve from the Solway Firth is as grey short dashed line (Lloyd et al., 1999) and fromMorecambe Bay grey long dashed line (Zong and Tooley, 1996).Table 2.2 Estimated tidal information for west Cumbria since the Lateglacial (based on Lloydand Zong, in <strong>Halcrow</strong> 2006b)Time Period MSL MHWS HATCurrent 0.24m 4.01m 4.9mMid-Holocene 0.55m 4.33 5.2Last Glacial Max. 2.29m 6.07m 7mNotes: MSL – mean sea-level; MHWS – mean high water spring tides; HAT – highestastronomical tide.Doc No 1 Rev 2: Date: May 2010 19
Table 2.3. Summary of conceptual Holocene system states and sediment budgetPeriod Sea-level RSL change Seabed sediments Cliffs & platforms Cliff inputs Beaches Estuary mouth Comments9kBP- -25m to Rapid rise ca Gravel; abundant? No cliff recessionTidal inlets through8kBP -5m 30mm/yrbarriers?8kBP to4kBP4kBP to2kBP-5m to0mSlow rise ca1.25mm/yr0 to 4m Relativelyrapid rise ca2mm/yr tostationarysea-levelSand; abundant?Shingle; reducedsupply comparedwith earlierHoloceneSand; abundant?gravel; negligibleminimalSand; abundant?Relatively rapidrecession andlowering of shoreplatform.Estimatedrecession rate;0.25m to0.5m/year.Cliffline at 6000 yrsBP around 2 kmoffshoreSlow recession andlowering of shoreplatform.Estimatedrecession rate; 0.1mto 0.2m/year.Cliffline at 6kBParound 750moffshoreNone; till slopesprotected bybarriers andlagoons.Increasing cliffsupplyMaximumHolocene yield?Series of broadbarrier beaches upto 4km offshore,aligned N-S,fronting lagoonareas?Development ofdrift-alignedfringing beaches.Beach growth andretreat.Dominantlongshore sedimenttransport cellsLongshore sortingof sediment anddecoupling of sandand shingle.Fringing beaches.Beach retreat.Formation ofshingle ridges fromlongshore transport(formed prior to6100 yrs BP).Sand duneformation (6000-5500 yrs BP) andburial of shingleridges.Prograding coast.Continuedformation ofshingle ridges(4000-3500 yrs BP;2800 yrs BP).Multiple shingleridges reflect pulsesof sediment inputor periodicforcing/storms.Sand duneformation (3300-2500 yrs BP) andburial of shingleridges.Evidence of barriers from seabedseismic interpretation (Nirex 1993);shells within planed off barrier dated at8500 yrs BP.Earliest shingle ridge at Drigg indicatesestablishment of net southwardslongshore transport during this period.This implies establishment of driftalignedfringing beaches.Formation of multiple ridges requiresfurther pulses of sediment i.e. fed byaccelerated cliff recession, withepisodicity possibly reflecting variableforcing control (e.g. wave directions).Emergence of St Bees Head and gradualanticlockwise pivoting of shorelineincreases tendency for net southwardsdrift. The end of this phase probablymarks the beginning of the transitionbetween drift and swash alignments.Doc No 1 Rev 2: Date: May 201 20
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Page 4 and 5: LLW Repository LtdCoastal Studies F
Page 6 and 7: LLW Repository LtdCoastal Studies F
Page 8 and 9: 1 Introduction1.1 Coastal studies f
Page 10 and 11: Table 1.1. Halcrow reports relevant
Page 12 and 13: Figure 1.1. Structure of the forwar
Page 14 and 15: sample of quantified 3D data of coa
Page 16 and 17: 2 Coastal System Characterisation2.
Page 18 and 19: model whereby variations with depth
Page 20 and 21: total alongshore sediment transport
Page 22 and 23: UnitSt Bees HeadSt BeesPromenadeSt
Page 24 and 25: to have been characterised by fring
Page 28 and 29: Period Sea-level RSL change Seabed
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2.4. Shoreline resistance mo
Page 32 and 33: The accuracy of the LiDAR surveys c
Page 34 and 35: CBU14. WhitriggsScar15. Carl Crag16
Page 36 and 37: changed significantly in elevation.
Page 38 and 39: climate change and sea-level rise,
Page 40 and 41: 19902000201020202030204020502060207
Page 42 and 43: A version of this model has been pu
Page 44 and 45: A summary of the ‘best estimate
Page 46 and 47: TP x = Tidal prism of estuary landw
Page 48 and 49: The Mite estuary will widen as its
Page 50 and 51: described is applicable over a rang
Page 52 and 53: HALCROW GROUP LIMITED (2002b) Coast
Page 54 and 55: SOULSBY R. (1997) Dynamics of marin
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