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Company Location Feedstock(s) /EnvisionedFeedstock(s)Chemrec AB Pitea, Sweden pulp and paper mill byproductsProduct(s) /Future ProductsbioDME(dimethyl ether)Partnersand InvestorsVolvo, Haldor Topsøe,Preem, Total, Delphi,ETCCHORENTechnologies GmbHFreiberg, Germanydry wood chips andforest residuesbiomass-to-liquidsynthetic fuelShell, Daimler,VolkswagenColusa Biomass EnergyCorporationCalifornia, USArice straw, rice hulls,corn stover and cobs,wheat straw and husks,wood chips andsawdustcellulosic ethanol,silica/sodium oxide,ligninCoskata, Inc.Pennsylvania, Florida,Illinois, USAagricultural and forestresidues, wood chips,bagasse, municipal solidwastecellulosic ethanolGM, GlobespanCapital Partners,Blackstone Group,Sumitomo, AranciaIndustrial, KhoslaVentures, TotalCTU (CleanTechnology Universe)Winterthur,Switzerland;demonstration plant inGüssing, Austriawood, corn, grass,whole crop silagesynthetic gasVienna University ofTechnology, PaulScherrer Institute(Switzerland), Repotec(Austria)Cutec-Institut GmbHClausthal-Zellerfeld,Germanystraw, wood, driedsilage, organic residuesFischer-Tropsch fuelsDuPont DaniscoCellulosic Ethanol,LLC (DDCE)Tennessee, USAcorn stover, cobs andfibre, switchgrassDynamic Fuels, LLC Louisiana, USA animal fats, usedcooking greasescellulosic ethanoldiesel, jet fuelGenera Energy(University ofTennessee)50-50 joint venture:SyntroleumCorporation and TysonECN (Energy Research<strong>Centre</strong> of theNetherlands)Alkmaar and Petten,Netherlandswood chips SNG (synthetic /substitute natural gas)HVCEnerkemcommercial plants inAlberta and Quebec,Canada andMississippi, USAmunicipal waste, forestand agriculturalresiduesethanol and bioethanolBraemar EnergyVentures, USDepartment of Energy,Natural ResourcesCanada, GreenFieldEthanol, Inc.The New Biomassters 59
Company Location Feedstock(s) /EnvisionedFeedstock(s)Envergent Technologies Illinois, USA forest and agriculturalresiduesProduct(s) /Future Productsupgraded pyrolysis oilto act as gasoline,diesel, jet fuelPartnersand InvestorsJoint venture: Ensynand UOP (Honeywell)EtanolPiloten (EthanolPilot Plant)Flambeau RiverBiofuels, LLCFrontier RenewableResources, LLCÖrnsköldsvik, Sweden forest residues cellulosic ethanol Umeå University, LuleåUniversity ofTechnology and theSwedish University ofAgricultural SciencesWisconsin, USAbark, sawdust, wood,and forest residueselectrical power, steamand heat, diesel fuel,waxUS Department ofEnergyMichigan, USA wood chips ethanol, lignin Subsidiary of MascomaFulcrum BioEnergy California, USA municipal solid waste cellulosic ethanol US Renewables Groupand Rustic CanyonPartnersGevo California, USA corn bio-isobutanol, Cargill, Total, VirginGroup, LanxessGreen Star Products,Inc.California, USA,Naboomspruit, SouthAfricaGulf Coast Energy, Inc. Florida, USA wood chips ethanolalgae biodiesel De Beers Fuel Ltd.HR Biopetroleum Hawaii, USA algae biodiesel Royal Dutch Shell(see Cellana)IMECAL Valencia, Spain citric waste (peel,seeds and pulp)bio-ethanolCIEMAT, Ford Spainand AVENInbicon (subsidiary ofDONG Energy)Kalundborg, Denmarkwheat straw, woodpelletsethanolGenencor (Danisco),Novozymes and StatoilIogenIdaho, USA, Ontarioand Saskatchewan,Canadawheat straw, barleystraw, corn stover,switchgrass, rice strawcellulosic ethanolRoyal Dutch Shell,Petro-Canada andGoldman SachsJoule Biotechnologies Massachusetts, USA algae converts sunlightand CO 2dieselKarlsruhe Institute ofTechnology (KIT)Karlsruhe, Germany straw synthetic gas Lurgi GmbHETC Group 60 www.etcgroup.org
Page 2 and 3:
“Whoever produces abundant biofue
Page 4 and 5:
OverviewIssueUnder the pretext of a
Page 6 and 7:
ContentsSelling the Switch1. Sugar
Page 8 and 9:
Introduction: Beware BiomassAround
Page 10 and 11:
What is being switched?It’s not j
Page 12 and 13:
Part 1: Here Comes the BioeconomyHu
Page 14 and 15:
Cellulose - The Wonder Sugar“The
Page 16 and 17: The industry has realized that “g
Page 18 and 19: Back to the Future? Carbohydrate vs
Page 20 and 21: Counting the Bioma$$ EconomyTurning
Page 22 and 23: Whose Biomass?A tale of two bioecon
Page 24 and 25: A Land Grab for Biomass“The visio
Page 26 and 27: Worryingly, the committee stopped s
Page 28 and 29: Nonetheless, the impression had bee
Page 30 and 31: Transferring Biomass Technologies-
Page 32 and 33: • Moreover, as climate change con
Page 34 and 35: Not Enough Biomass? Let’s boost i
Page 36 and 37: Geoengineering the Planetwith Bioma
Page 38 and 39: The New Biomass Economy: 10 Myths1.
Page 40 and 41: 8. Biomass is good for the global e
Page 42 and 43: Part II - The Tools and PlayersIn a
Page 44 and 45: Synthetic Biology: Unpredictable,un
Page 46 and 47: Synthetic Enzymes for CelluloseSynt
Page 48 and 49: It seems reasonable therefore that
Page 50 and 51: Counting the Costs of BiomassElectr
Page 52 and 53: “Survivors” of Generation F - S
Page 54 and 55: Beyond Alcohol to Hydrocarbons - Bi
Page 56 and 57: • Invasiveness and genetic engine
Page 58 and 59: Bio-based Building BlocksIn particu
Page 60 and 61: Are Bioplastics Toxic?One of the re
Page 62 and 63: Conclusions: Earth Grab!Biomass con
Page 64 and 65: Annex: Table of Next-Generation Bio
Page 68 and 69: Company Location Feedstock(s) /Envi
Page 74 and 75: 29 David King, “The Future of Ind
Page 76 and 77: 98 Corn stover: what is left on the
Page 78 and 79: 164 Peter Read, “Biosphere Carbon
Page 80 and 81: 238 William Lemos, “Brazil ethano
Page 82 and 83: 311 Douglas A. Smock, “Bioplastic
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