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130 Haberl et. al., “Global human appropriation of net primary production(HANPP),” The Encyclopedia of the Earth, 29 April 2010. Haberl notesthat biomass use is associated with considerable upstreamrequirements: The amount of biomass that actually enters socioeconomicprocessing (6.07 Pg C/yr) and is then further processed to derive biomassbasedproducts such as food, feed, fiber or energy is just a bit over onethird (39%) of global HANPP. In fact, figures presented in Krausmann etal., even suggest that, in the global average, the final consumption of oneton of biomass requires the harvest of 3.6 tons of primary biomass and isassociated with a ƒ¢NPPLC of 2.4 tons. Taken together, this implies thatin the global average of all regions and biomassbased products, one ton ofbiomass use results in 6 tons of HANPP, measured as dry matter. Articleavailable online at: www.eoearth.org/article/Global_human_appropriation _of_net_primary_production_(HANPP)131 Worldwatch Institute, “Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential andImplications for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture Energy,” in the 21stCentury, Aug 2007, p. 79. Available online at:www.worldwatch.org/node/5303132 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report (2005),“Ecosystems and Human Well Being: Biodiversity Synthesis.” WorldResources institute. Posted online at:http://www.maweb.org/en/Synthesis.aspx133 WWF, “Living Planet Report 2006,” Zoological Society of London andGlobal Footprint Network, 2006. Available online at:http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report.pdf134 IUCN, Red List of Threatened Species, International Union for theConservation of Nature, 2008. List posted online at: www.iucnredlist.org/135 Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, “Ecosystems and Human Well-Being,” World Resources Institute, 2005.136 UN Food and Agriculture Organization, “State of the World’s Forests2007,” Rome 2007. Available online at:www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0773e/a0773e00.HTM137 Global Footprint Network website, At a Glance.www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ page/at_a_glance/138 Global Footprint Network, Op. cit.139 MSNBC, “Humans will need two Earths: Global footprint left byconsumption is growing, conservationists argue,” website, last accessed 8October 2010. Available online at: www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15398149/140 Vaclav Smil, op. cit.141 Letter to Chairman Henry Waxman and Chairman Edward Markeyfrom Grassroots Groups, 23rd April 2009.142 DC Nepstad, et. al., “Interactions among Amazon land use, forests andclimate: prospects for a near-term forest tipping point,” PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London, February 2008.143 TN Chase, et. al., “Teleconnections in the Earth System,” Encyclopediaof Hydrological Sciences, United Kingdom, John Wiley and Sons, 2007,2849-2862.144 Johan Rockstrom, et. al., “A Safe Operating Space for Humanity,”Nature, 461, 472-476, 24 September 2009.145 Almuth Ernsting and Deepak Rughani, “Climate Geoengineering WithCarbon Negative Bioenergy: Climate saviour or climate endgame?”Biofuelwatch website. Available online at:http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/cnbe/cnbe.html146 Purdue University, “GM Tree Could be Used for Cellulosic Ethanol,Fast-Growing Trees Could Take Root as Future Energy Source,” pressrelease, 24 August, 2006. Available online at:http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0824-purdue2.html147 Jessica Hancock, et. al., “Plant growth, biomass partitioning and soilcarbon formation in response to altered lignin biosynthesis in Populustremuloides,” New Phytoligist, 2007, 173(4), 732-42.148 Patent Application WO2010034652A1, Transgenic Plants withIncreased Yield, BASF, May 2010.149 Phil McKenna, “Emission control,” New Scientist 25th September 2010150 Debora McKenzie, “Supercrops: fixing the flaws in photosynthesis,”New Scientist, 14 September 2010.151 Ibid.152 ”Hydrogen from Water in a Novel Recombinant CyanobacterialSystem,” J Craig Venter Institute. Posted online at:http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/hydrogen-fromwater-in-a-novel-recombinantcyanobacterial-system/overview/153 Patent Application, WO07140246A2, METHODS ANDCOMPOSITIONS FOR INCREASING BIOMASS INGENETICALLY MODIFIED PERENNIALS USED FOR BIOFUEL,Board of Governors for Higher Education, State of Rhode Island, June2009.154 Betsy Cohen, “URI professor turns on biofuel ‘switch’,” The Good5 Cigar, University of Rhode Island Student Newspaper, 13 June 2009.See also, “Switchgrass research aims to create ethanol to power vehicles for$1 per gallon,” University of Rhode Island website, December 4, 2006.Available online at: http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/?id=3793155 ETC Group Communiqué, “Gene Giants Stockpile Patents on‘Climate-ready’ Crops in Bid to become ‘Biomassters,’” Issue #106,Aug/Sept 2010.156 Email to Geoengineering list serve from Stuart Strand, September 17,2010. Archived online at: http://www.mail-archive.com/geoengineering@googlegroups.com/msg03809.html157 Rebecca Lindsay, “Global Garden Gets Greener,” NASA EarthObservatory, Feature Article, 5 June 2003. Available online at:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GlobalGarden/158 University of Washington, “Global Warming Fix? Some Of Earth’sClimate Troubles Should Face Burial At Sea,” Scientists Say, ScienceDaily,29 January 2009. Available online at:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/ 090128212809.htm159 Miriam Goldstein, “Will dumping cornstalks into the ocean sequestercarbon?” The Oysters Garter, website, posted 11 February 2009. Availableonline at: http://theoystersgarter.com/2009/02/11/will-dumpingcornstalksinto-the-ocean-sequester-carbon/160 Email to Geoengineering list serve from Gregory Benford, 10September 2010. Archived online at: http://www.mail-archive.com/geoengineering@googlegroups.com/msg03777.html161 For background on ocean fertilization, see ETC Group Communiqué,“Geopiracy: The case against Geoengineering,” Issue #103, October2010.162 A. Strong, J. Cullen, and S. W. Chisholm. Ocean Fertilization: Science,Policy, and Commerce, Oceanography: Vol. 22, No. 3, 2009 236-261.163 Almuth Ernsting and Deepak Rughani, op. cit.ETC Group 70 www.etcgroup.org