Grade 12, College PreparationTHE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | <strong>Mathematics</strong>polynomial function that models the relationshipbetween height above the ground andtime for a falling object)Sample problem: The forces acting on a horizontalsupport beam in a house cause it to sagby d centimetres, x metres from one end of thebeam. The relationship between d and x canbe represented by the polynomial function12 3d(x) = x(1000 – 20x + x ). Graph the1850function, using technology, and determinethe domain over which the function modelsthe relationship between d and x. Determinethe length of the beam using the graph, andexplain your reasoning.2. Connecting Graphs and Equationsof Polynomial FunctionsBy the end of this course, students will:2.1 factor polynomial expressions in one variable,of degree no higher than four, by selectingand applying strategies (i.e., common factoring,difference of squares, trinomial factoring)Sample problem: Factor: x – 16; x – 2x – 8x.2.2 make connections, through investigationusing graphing technology (e.g., dynamicgeometry software), between a polynomialfunction given in factored form [e.g.,f(x) = x(x – 1)(x + 1)] and the x-intercepts ofits graph, and sketch the graph of a polynomialfunction given in factored form using itskey features (e.g., by determining interceptsand end behaviour; by locating positive andnegative regions using test values betweenand on either side of the x-intercepts)Sample problem: Sketch the graphs off(x) = – (x – 1)(x + 2)(x – 4) andg(x) = – (x – 1)(x + 2)(x + 2) and comparetheir shapes and the number of x-intercepts.2.3 determine, through investigation using technology(e.g., graphing calculator, computeralgebra systems), and describe the connectionbetween the real roots of a polynomial equationand the x-intercepts of the graph of thecorresponding polynomial function [e.g., the4 2real roots of the equation x – 13x + 36 = 0are the x-intercepts of the graph of4 2f(x) = x – 13x + 36]Sample problem: Describe the relationshipbetween the x-intercepts of the graphs oflinear and quadratic functions and the real432roots of the corresponding equations. Investigate,using technology, whether this relationshipexists for polynomial functions ofhigher degree.3. Solving Problems InvolvingPolynomial EquationsBy the end of this course, students will:3.1 solve polynomial equations in one variable, of2degree no higher than four (e.g., x – 4x = 0,42x – 16 = 0, 3x + 5x + 2 = 0), by selecting andapplying strategies (i.e., common factoring;difference of squares; trinomial factoring), andverify solutions using technology (e.g., usingcomputer algebra systems to determine theroots of the equation; using graphing technologyto determine the x-intercepts of thecorresponding polynomial function)Sample problem: Solve x – 2x – 8x = 0.3.2 solve problems algebraically that involvepolynomial functions and equations of degreeno higher than four, including those arisingfrom real-world applications3.3 identify and explain the roles of constants andvariables in a given formula (e.g., a constantcan refer to a known initial value or a knownfixed rate; a variable changes with varyingconditions)Sample problem: The formula P = P0+ kh isused to determine the pressure, P kilopascals,at a depth of h metres under water, wherek kilopascals per metre is the rate of changeof the pressure as the depth increases, andP0kilopascals is the pressure at the surface.Identify and describe the roles of P, P0, k,and h in this relationship, and explain yourreasoning.3.4 expand and simplify polynomial expressionsinvolving more than one variable [e.g., simplify– 2xy(3x y – 5x y)], including expres-2 3 3 2sions arising from real-world applicationsSample problem: Expand and simplify theexpression π(R + r)(R – r) to explain why itrepresents the area of a ring. Draw a diagramof the ring and identify R and r.n3.5 solve equations of the form x = a using3rational exponents (e.g., solve x = 7 by1raising both sides to the exponent )332128
3.6 determine the value of a variable of degreeno higher than three, using a formula drawnfrom an application, by first substitutingknown values and then solving for the variable,and by first isolating the variable andthen substituting known valuesSample problem: The formula s = ut + 1 2at2relates the distance, s, travelled by an objectto its initial velocity, u, acceleration, a, and theelapsed time, t. Determine the accelerationof a dragster that travels 500 m from rest in15 s, by first isolating a, and then by firstsubstituting known values. Compare andevaluate the two methods.3.7 make connections between formulas and linear,quadratic, and exponential functions [e.g.,recognize that the compound interest formula,nA = P(1 + i) , is an example of an exponentialfunction A(n) when P and i are constant, andof a linear function A(P) when i and n areconstant], using a variety of tools and strategies(e.g., comparing the graphs generatedwith technology when different variables ina formula are set as constants)Sample problem: Which variable(s) in the2formula V = πr hwould you need to set asa constant to generate a linear equation?A quadratic equation?3.8 solve multi-step problems requiring formulasarising from real-world applications (e.g.,determining the cost of two coats of paintfor a large cylindrical tank)3.9 gather, interpret, and describe informationabout applications of mathematical modellingin occupations, and about college programsthat explore these applications<strong>Mathematics</strong> for College TechnologyMCT4CPOLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS129
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION 3Secondary Sch
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INTRODUCTIONThis document replaces
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and art. It is important that these
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THE PROGRAM INMATHEMATICSOVERVIEW O
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Courses in Mathematics, Grades 11 a
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Half-Credit CoursesThe courses outl
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The Grade 11 university preparation
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Grade 11FOUNDATIONS FORCOLLEGEMATHE
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THE MATHEMATICALPROCESSESPresented
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REASONING AND PROVINGReasoning help
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Mental computation involves calcula
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ASSESSMENTAND EVALUATIONOF STUDENTA
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THE ACHIEVEMENT CHART FOR MATHEMATI
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course and reflects the correspondi
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Categories 50−59%(Level 1)60−69
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The approaches and strategies used
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If the student requires either acco
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use of a variety of instructional s
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THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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they need to be aware of harassment
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Functions, Grade 11University Prepa
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A. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONSOVER
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2.5 solve problems involving the in
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2.2 determine, through investigatio
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2. Investigating Arithmetic andGeom
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D. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONSOVERALL E
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Sample problem: The relationship be
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MATHEMATICAL PROCESS EXPECTATIONSTh
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THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 A
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2. Comparing Financial Services 3.
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Grade 11, Grade University/College
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