Q3 2015Science, Technologyand Innovation inAfricaNot yet cutting edge, but itwill soon get sharperIN June 2014, global technology giantMicrosoft launched its 4Afrika IP Hub, aportal that would, for free, protect youngAfrican developers’ intellectual property(IP) rights in exchange for publishingtheir inventions.In tech-savvy Nairobi, one of the launchcapitals, the young crowd of geeky andcool developers excitedly welcomed thepossibility of being able to finally makemoney from their work. For years theyhave tended to operate in the informaleconomy, largely invisible to investors.A two-year trial, Microsoft will thenhand over a successful project to theKenyan government, before rolling itout to other African capitals, accordingto Kunle Awosika, Microsoft’s countrymanager.The multi-million dollar investment andits positive reception mirrors the concernthat while the continent is home to manybrilliant inventions, it has been difficultto invest them to scale, there being littleinformation as to their value, and consequently,tap them for Africa’s growth.<strong>New</strong> <strong>Markets</strong> <strong>Investor</strong>66Avocado export start-upMutembo Chanda runs an avocadoexport start-up out of a warehouse alongthe Great North Road leading out of theZambian main city of Lusaka. Until he investedin a cold room onsite, the biggestcost to him was storage losses.“But it often breaks down, and getting theright technician to fix it is a hit-and-missaffair,” he says, adding that this leads todelayed payments to his suppliers, whoare largely small scale growers in thecountryside.Mutembo could be speaking for anysmall trader on the continent, and by extension,the farmers who toil hard only torun into major challenges storing, sellingand earning from their sweat.Initiatives in Zambia to strengthen theagricultural value chain have largely seenforeign institutions fund small groups,
Q3 2015the result being to clear the way for majorchains to buy the produce directly.On the surface it is a desirable situation,but the catch is in the lack of indigenoussolutions, especially on a continent thatperennially battles hunger despite its richpotential.This has meant a lot of food goes towaste, faced with obstacles from processingto preservation, hurting thecontinent’s overall competitiveness. Thesituation could get worse as climatechange begins to bite, with Africa relegatedto seeking external help to combat thechallenge.To turn things around and take advantageof major global opportunities,experts say Africa requires transformation-focusedpolicies.“The focus must be on needs-based innovation;the value created is what matters,”says Dr. Ndubuisi Ekekwe, the founderand president of the African Institutionof Technology.This transition from an invention andproduction economy—including of mineralresources— into an innovation andcompetitive economy, requires knowledge,bringing into sharp focus the role ofhigher education institutions.Less than 10%These institutions play a crucial role infine-tuning the continent’s human resourcebase. But despite massive demandand the concomitant expansion of institutions,according to the African Unionless than 10% of Africans have enrolledfor tertiary education.In 1991, Africa had only 2.7 million universitystudents, by the end of this yearprojections are of 18-20 million students,according to the World Bank. To servicethis unmet demand, there has been aproliferation of private universities, withAfrica now closing in on 1,000 universitiesand over 1,500 other institutions ofhigher learning.The trend is such that by 2020, privateinstitutions could outnumber publicly-fundedones—in Somalia for example,all 40 universities are privately owned,and in South Africa they outnumberpublic institutions by a ratio of 4:1, and 7to 1 in Ghana.But it is not nearly enough, and it iscompounded by the problem that fewprivate institutions play in the science,technological and innovation (STI) space,preferring to instead concentrate onmore “marketable” areas that offer moreincome earning capacity.Underfunding by governments constrainedby the opportunity cost ofspending the money towards moreurgent areas has not helped resolve thesituation. A trend that begun in the 1980sas African governments battled withsocio-economic challenges and structuralreforms, regional governments have continuedto allocate little of their fundingto higher learning, and even less so toscience and innovation.It is a paradox—education in mostAfrican countries takes up the highestproportion of their national budgets, butalmost nothing reaches tertiary institutions.The unavoidable result has been ofstudents seeking higher education by anymeans possible, raising the question of<strong>New</strong> <strong>Markets</strong> <strong>Investor</strong>67quality, and consequently, skills and jobmarket mismatches, not to mention theattendant brain drain.“The correlation of jobs to output islacking in Africa, with little incentivefor partnership between institutions andemployers,” Dr. Ndubuisi adds, urging forthe attraction of more private money toeducation.The Square Kilometre Array space projectin South Africa has for example hadto send out engineers for training abroad,and while there is growing Africanexpertise, the continent’s brightest brainscontinue to be drawn away to what theysee as better opportunities abroad.Agenda 2063But institutions like Ghana’s AshesiUniversity are changing this, with its noticeablefocus on what the market needs,a trend increasingly mirrored by manyother institutions. Ashesi has looked tobuild links with employers as it looks tomatch their requirements.The African Union’s development agenda,“The Africa We Want in 2063” calls fora more robust higher education andresearch space that is both relevant andresponsive to the continent’s lived challenges,and to ensure future sustainablegrowth.African governments’ investments inSTI research also remains weak, severelyharming the scope for innovationand locally-adept solutions. The regionaccounts for less than 1% of the world’sresearch output, despite having 12% of itspopulation, even as research output morethan doubled between 2003 and 2012.Only 29% of all research in Africa is inscience, technology, engineering andmathematics (STEM) while there is verylittle intra-African collaboration, the majoritybeing with institutions in the WestCitations of Africa-authored researchis minuscule—just 0.28% of the globalcount, while a lot of scientific studies areskewed towards the health sciences andgenerally follow donors’ money.
- Page 1 and 2:
Q3 2015Q3 2015Issue 3 Vol.10New Mar
- Page 3 and 4:
Q3 2015
- Page 5 and 6:
Q3 2015Energy20 Renewable energyAfr
- Page 7 and 8:
New Markets Investor7Q3 2015
- Page 9 and 10:
New Markets Investor9Q3 2015
- Page 11 and 12:
New Markets Investor11Q3 2015
- Page 13 and 14:
New Markets Investor13Q3 2015
- Page 15 and 16: Q3 2015: “Once we have the infras
- Page 17 and 18: New Markets Investor17Q3 2015
- Page 19 and 20: Q3 2015investment projects, or a pr
- Page 21 and 22: Q3 2015provide a semblance of inves
- Page 23 and 24: New Markets Investor23Q3 2015
- Page 25 and 26: Q3 2015SEACO M is not, however, res
- Page 27 and 28: Q3 2015WEF Africa 2015Africa Compet
- Page 29 and 30: New Markets Investor29Q3 2015
- Page 31 and 32: Q3 2015Bumbuna Hydroelectric Projec
- Page 33 and 34: New Markets Investor33Q3 2015
- Page 35 and 36: Q3 2015nations, South Africa may be
- Page 37 and 38: Q3 2015The development of Africanma
- Page 39 and 40: Q3 2015FoodCurrently, food dominate
- Page 41 and 42: Q3 2015a regular basis. Ghanaian Gr
- Page 43 and 44: Q3 2015NigeriaFoodThe Nigerian reta
- Page 45 and 46: New Markets Investor45Q3 2015
- Page 47 and 48: New Markets Investor47Q3 2015
- Page 49 and 50: New Markets Investor49Q3 2015
- Page 51 and 52: Q3 2015and are prepared to work in
- Page 53 and 54: New Markets Investor53Q3 2015
- Page 55 and 56: Q3 2015Africa’s largest, most vib
- Page 57 and 58: Q3 2015Côte d’IvoireIvory Coast
- Page 59 and 60: Q3 2015NigeriaFrom a political risk
- Page 61 and 62: Q3 2015SunPower designedand is cons
- Page 63 and 64: Q3 2015indirectly, become voluntary
- Page 65: New Markets Investor65Q3 2015
- Page 69 and 70: Q3 2015ManagementEducation witha Pr
- Page 71 and 72: New Markets Investor71Q3 2015
- Page 73 and 74: Q3 2015A smart, inter-connected urb
- Page 75 and 76: Q3 2015Naivasha, KenyaCasablanca, M
- Page 77 and 78: New Markets Investor77Q3 2015
- Page 79 and 80: Q3 20152014. This sets Nigeria’s
- Page 81 and 82: Q3 2015The Lilygate Lekki reception
- Page 83 and 84: Q3 2015in 2008. The industry produc
- Page 85 and 86: New Markets Investor85Q3 2015
- Page 87 and 88: Q3 2015Adesina promisedto work hard
- Page 89: Q3 2015Sectors in vogue with foreig
- Page 92 and 93: Q3 2015New Markets Investor92
- Page 94 and 95: Q3 2015equity investment. She estim
- Page 96: Q3 2015New Markets Investor96