CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY ...

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UNIT 1- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY1.5. MAINTANENCE OF LIFEB. Homeostasis See Fig 1.7, page 18 and Fig 1.8, page 19.Add arrows to negative feedback loop below.6. Example of negative feedback = maintenance of body temperature at98.6 o F/37 o C.Control Center: HypothalamusTargets/ Effectors:Sweat Glands (activate and perspire);Superficial blood vessels (dilate);Heart (rate increases);Diaphragm (breathing rate increases).Heat is released.Stimulus: body temperature body temperatureNormal Body Temperature – Set Point37 o CStimulus: body temperature body temperatureControl Center: HypothalamusHeat is conserved or producedTargets/Effectors:Sweat glands (are inactivated);Superficial blood vessels (constrict);Skeletal muscles (contract involuntarily, i.e.shivering occurs).7. Example of positive feedback = blood clotting, “fight-or-flight” response,et cetera.1-6
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY1.6. ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODYA. Body Cavities: See Fig 1.9, page 21.HUMAN BODYAXIAL PORTIONheadnecktrunkAPPENDICULAR PORTIONarmslegsMAJOR CAVITIESDORSAL CAVITYCRANIAL CAVITYbrainVERTEBRAL CANALspinal cordVENTRAL CAVITYTHORACIC CAVITYlungsmediastinum:thymusheartesophagustrachea* Note that the diaphragm muscle separates the thoracic from abdominopelvic cavities.ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITYABDOMINAL CAVITYlivergallbladderstomachspleensmall intestinelarge intestinePELVIC CAVITYurinary bladderinternal reproductiveorgans* Note that the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and ureters are behind theabdominopelvic cavity. This is referred to as RETROPERITONEAL.* See Reference Plates One through Seven, pages 39-45, illustrating the above organs.1-7
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