The Design and Implementation of the Anykernel and Rump Kernels

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B–8 Our goal is to add another partition after the existing ones to contain the cgdencrypted data. This will require extending the file containing the image, and, naturally, a large enough USB mass storage device onto which the new image file can be copied. First, we create a file system image out of our data directory using the standard makefs command from the NetBSD base system: golem> makefs unencrypted.ffs preciousdir Calculated size of ‘unencrypted.ffs’: 12812288 bytes, 696 inodes Extent size set to 8192 unencrypted.ffs: 12.2MB (25024 sectors) block size 8192, fragment size 1024 using 1 cylinder groups of 12.22MB, 1564 blks, 768 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, Populating ‘unencrypted.ffs’ Image ‘unencrypted.ffs’ complete Then, we calculate the image size in disk sectors by dividing the image size with the disk sector size (512 bytes): golem> expr ‘stat -f %z unencrypted.ffs‘ / 512 25024 We then edit the existing image label so that there is a spare partition large enough to hold the image. We need to edit ”total sectors”, and the ”c” and ”d” partition. We also need to create the ”e” partition. Make sure you use ”unknown” instead of ”unused” as the fstype for for partition e. In the following image the edited fields are denotated with a red color.
B–9 golem> disklabel -re usb.img # usb.img: type: unknown disk: USB image label: flags: bytes/sector: 512 sectors/track: 63 tracks/cylinder: 16 sectors/cylinder: 1008 cylinders: 1040 total sectors: 1073600 rpm: 3600 interleave: 1 trackskew: 0 cylinderskew: 0 headswitch: 0 # microseconds track-to-track seek: 0 # microseconds drivedata: 0 16 partitions: # size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg/sgs] a: 981792 63 4.2BSD 1024 8192 0 # (Cyl. 0*- 974*) b: 66721 981855 swap # (Cyl. 974*- 1040*) c: 1073537 63 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0*- 1065*) d: 1073600 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 1065*) e: 25024 1048576 unknown 0 0 # (Cyl. 1040*- 1065*) Now, it is time to start a rump server for writing the encrypted data to the image. We need to note that a rump kernel has a local file system namespace and therefore cannot in its natural state see files on the host. However, the -d parameter to rump server can be used to map files from the host into the rump kernel file system namespace. We start the server in the following manner:
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Department of Computer Science and
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9 Preface Meet the new boss Same as
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11 Then there is my dear Xi, who, s
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14 2.3.3 InterruptsandPreemption...
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16 4.1.1 Implementation Effort ....
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18 Appendix C Patches to the 5.99.4
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20 ISA LGPL LRU LWP MD MI MMU NIC O
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23 List of Figures 2.1 Rumpkernelhi
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25 4.14 Time to execute 5M system c
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29 1 Introduction In its classic ro
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31 and application-level drivers. T
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33 We define an anykernel to be an
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35 Our implementation supports rump
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37 The project was done in small in
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39 2 The Anykernel and Rump Kernels
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41 building on top of the entities
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43 Drivers in a rump kernel remain
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45 Figure 2.1: Rump k
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47 in Section 3.2.3. Whenever discu
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49 int rumpns_bpfopen(dev_t, int, i
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51 Figure 2.4:
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53 while the application logic stil
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55 We must solve the lack of a rump
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57 2.3.1 Kernel threads Up until no
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59 void * pool_cache_get_paddr(pool
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61 2.3.4 An Example We present an e
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63 Figure 2.6: Prov
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65 The straightforward use of exist
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68 We identified three obstacles fo
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70 for loadable kernel modules (dis
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72 e.g. the routine for mapping a p
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74 3.2.1 C Symbol Namespaces In the
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76 the double underscore namespace
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78 since the representation might n
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80 The following rumpuser interface
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82 The entry point rump_schedule()
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84 3.3.1 CPU Scheduling Recall from
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86 The fastpath is taken in cases w
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88 Releasing a CPU requires the fol
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90 10 8 seconds 6 4 2 0 1CPU 2CPU n
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92 Hardware interrupt handlers are
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94 Due to the design choice that a
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96 in. Therefore, we should critica
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98 Pager window create+access time
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100 A rump kernel can be configured
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102 Since all pages managed by the
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104 not in control of thread schedu
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106 synchronization part of the alg
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108 /* * Run a cross call to cycle
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110 kernel needs to do is make sure
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112 The kernel with uniprocessor lo
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114 the header file while open() c
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116 The same wrapper works both for
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118 5. Some calling conventions (e.
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120 int rump_pub_lwproc_rfork(int a
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122 By convention, file system devi
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124 ule directory tree from /stand
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126 After these steps have been per
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128 Host Dynamic Linker Using the h
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130 for (i = 0; i < SYS_NSYSENT; i+
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132 into a rump kernel and the driv
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134 sys/arch/x86/include/cpu.h: #de
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136 3.8.4 Rump Component Init Routi
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138 RUMP_COMPONENT(RUMP_COMPONENT_N
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140 We have three distinct cases we
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142 # ifconfig tap0 create # ifconf
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144 Unprivileged use of host’s ne
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146 DOMAIN_DEFINE(sockindomain); co
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148 issue another write before the
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150 using an interface called USBDI
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152 The kernel device configuration
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154 # $NetBSD: UMASS.ioconf,v 1.4 2
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156 USB Host Controller Hub0 (root)
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158 Figure 3.30: File s
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160 in-kernel mount: /dev/sd0e /m/u
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162 structure being created by rump
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164 3.12.1 Client-Kernel Locators B
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166 A tmpfs server listening on INA
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168 Request Arguments Response Desc
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170 Host syscall rump syscall 1. op
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172 A client’s initial connection
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174 their system calls to a rump ke
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176 stdin/stdout, the new file desc
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178 Supporting fork() Recall, the f
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180 As with fork, most of the kerne
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182 Anecdotal analysis For several
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184
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186 SLOC 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3
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188 Total commits to the kernel 9,6
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190 120 build time (minutes) 100 80
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192 4.2.2 makefs For a source tree
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194 not include later debugging [76
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196 the necessary tools such as mak
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198 proach of supplying alternate c
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200 are not out-of-the-box compatib
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202 golem> mount -t msdos -o rump /
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204 Full OS By a full OS we mean a
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206 • Rapid prototyping: One of t
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208 4.5.3 Testing: Case Studies We
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210 static void scsitest_request(st
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212 waits for the timeout and check
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214 • We noticed that even in sup
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216 which were discovered during wr
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218 version swap no swap NetBSD 5.1
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220 It needs to be stressed that Ta
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222 Network clusters Bootstrapping
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224 8 7 Standard components Self-co
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226 Rump kernel calls, as expected,
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228 Traditional FFS We measure the
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230 80 70 60 seconds 50 40 30 20 10
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232 The results are presented in Fi
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234 behavior is required by the act
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236
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238 Rialto [29] is an operating sys
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240 One argument for partitioned op
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242 View OS The View OS [37] approa
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244 OSKit Instead of making system
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246 discussing the type incompatibi
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248 difference to the abovementione
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250 At runtime, a rump kernel can a
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252 For testing and development we
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254
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256 Art of Virtualization. In: Proc
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258 [30] Adam Dunkels. 2001. Design
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260 [47] Galen C. Hunt and James R.
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262 [67] Steven McCanne and Van Jac
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264 [87] NetBSD Project. URL http:/
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266 of the 6th Workshop on Programm
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268
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A-2 RUMP.DHCPCLIENT(1) NetBSD Gener
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A-4 RUMP.HALT(1) NetBSD General Com
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A-6 RUMP_SERVER(1) NetBSD General C
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A-8 RUMP_SERVER(1) NetBSD General C
Page 280 and 281: A-10 SHMIF_DUMPBUS(1) NetBSD Genera
Page 282 and 283: A-12 P2K(3) NetBSD Library Function
Page 284 and 285: A-14 P2K(3) NetBSD Library Function
Page 286 and 287: A-16 RUMP(3) NetBSD Library Functio
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Page 290 and 291: A-20 RUMP_ETFS(3) NetBSD Library Fu
Page 292 and 293: A-22 RUMP_ETFS(3) NetBSD Library Fu
Page 294 and 295: A-24 RUMP_LWPROC(3) NetBSD Library
Page 296 and 297: A-26 RUMP_LWPROC(3) NetBSD Library
Page 298 and 299: A-28 RUMPCLIENT(3) NetBSD Library F
Page 300 and 301: A-30 RUMPCLIENT(3) NetBSD Library F
Page 302 and 303: A-32 RUMPHIJACK(3) NetBSD Library F
Page 308 and 309: A-38 UKFS(3) NetBSD Library Functio
Page 318 and 319: A-48 SHMIF(4) NetBSD Kernel Interfa
Page 320 and 321: A-50 RUMP_SP(7) NetBSD Miscellaneou
Page 322 and 323: A-52 RUMP_SP(7) NetBSD Miscellaneou
Page 324 and 325: B-2 TCP connections use standard TC
Page 326 and 327: B-4 rump clients. This means that j
Page 328 and 329: B-6 ponents. That can be done simpl
Page 332 and 333: B-10 golem> export RUMP_SERVER=unix
Page 334 and 335: B-12 golem> rump.dd if=/dev/rcgd0d
Page 336 and 337: B-14 demogorgon# cgdconfig cgd0 /de
Page 338 and 339: B-16 rump_server -lrumpnet -lrumpne
Page 340 and 341: B-18 golem> rump.ifconfig virt0 cre
Page 342 and 343: B-20 Congratulations, that’s it.
Page 344 and 345: B-22 purely in userspace, it does n
Page 346 and 347: B-24 We then proceed to create a mo
Page 348 and 349: B-26 Then, the only thing left is t
Page 350 and 351: B-28 -d key=/dk,hostpath=${NFSX}/ff
Page 352 and 353: B-30 configuration. golem> sh rumpn
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Page 356 and 357: C-2 This is a quick fix for making
Page 358 and 359: C-4 This fixes the conditionally co
Page 362: Aalto-DD 171/2012 9HSTFMG*aejbgi+ I
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The Design and Implementation of the Anykernel and Rump Kernels

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