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MYANMAR BUSINESS SURVEY: DATA ANALYSIS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 3. …but firms do not invest much in it Despite the importance that respondents attached to innovation, more than 60 per cent of all firms surveyed had made zero investment in it (figure 3.22). However, spending on R&D appears to vary by size of firm (figure 3.23). Sixty-seven per cent of the large and medium-sized firms reported at least some expenditure on R&D, while only 44 per cent of small-sized firms and 28 per cent of micro firms reported doing so. The top 100 firms, by size, spend the equivalent of $100,000 or more annually on R&D. The low rates of expenditure by micro and small-sized firms may be due to the fact that they find the fixed costs of innovation to be prohibitive and are unable to benefit from economies of scale. To overcome these barriers they may require special incentives from the Government in the form of tax breaks, subsidies etc. 4. Trademarks and patents are the most popular intellectual property protection measures Only one-third of respondents (1 094 firms) reported protecting their intellectual property (IP). Of those, 53 Figure 3.22. Share in R&D spending by respondents 60 40 Per cent 20 0 None 50 lakhs or less 51-100 lakhs 101-500 lakhs 501-1 000 lakhs 1 001-2 500 lakhs 2 501-5 000 lakhs 5 001-7 500 lakhs 7 501-10 000 lakhs More than 10 000 lakhs Source: ESCAP-OECD-UMFCCI Myanmar Business Survey Database. Note: I lakh = 100 000 kyat. Figure 3.23. Expenditure on R&D, by size of firm Large Medium Small Micro 0 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent No R&D expenditure Some R&D expenditure Source: ESCAP-OECD-UMFCCI Myanmar Business Survey Database. 34
CHAPTER 3. Data analysis per cent (588 firms) use trademarks while 40 per cent (426 firms) use patents (figure 3.24). Only 8 per cent (85 firms) claim copyright protection. A large number of respondents, almost 40 per cent (435 firms) rely on trust between staff members for IP protection. Figure 3.25 shows some important differences, by sector, between the popularity of IP measures. Firms in manufacturing, hotels and restaurants, and other services follow the general pattern of citing trademarks, trust and patents as the most frequently Figure 3.24. Most popular intellectual property protection measures 600 400 200 0 Register trademarks Apply for patents Register designs Withhold or limit key information from staff Claim copyright Ensure complex design Rely on trust between staff members Build in special know-how into products Ensure secrecy Gain lead-time over competitors Make confidentiality agreements Source: ESCAP-OECD-UMFCCI Myanmar Business Survey Database. Figure 3.25. Most popular intellectual property protection measures, by sector Agriculture Extractive industries Manufacturing Number of respondents 0 20 40 60 80 100 Number of respondents 0 20 40 60 Number of respondents 0 5 10 15 0 50 100 150 200 250 Trade Hotels and restaurants Number of respondents 0 10 20 30 40 50 Number of respondents 0 50 100 150 Number of respondents Other services Apply for patents Claim copyright Make confidentiality agreements Rely on trust between staff members Withhold or limit key information from staff Build in special know-how into products Register trademarks Register designs Ensure secrecy Gain lead-time over competitors Ensire complex design Source: ESCAP-OECD-UMFCCI Myanmar Business Survey Database. 35
Page 1 and 2: Myanmar Business Survey Aaron Soans
Page 3 and 4: Myanmar Business Survey: Data Analy
Page 5: FOREWORD With vast natural resource
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements This publication w
Page 11 and 12: 2. Market conditions As the country
Page 13 and 14: Abbreviations and acronyms ADB AEC
Page 15 and 16: FIGURES Page 1.1 Structure of the b
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1. Business environment Int
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 1. Business environment as
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1. Business environment Whi
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1. Business environment wit
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 1. Business environment was
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1. Business environment por
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2. Methodology and data col
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis CHAPTER 3.
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis 3. The sur
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis Overall bu
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis Figure 3.8
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis of ratings
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis cent of me
Page 49: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis Figure 3.2
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis an overvie
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis with state
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis this effec
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis likely to
Page 75 and 76: CHAPTER 3. Data analysis AGRIBUSINE
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER 4. Policy implications The
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 4. Policy implications and
Page 85 and 86: CHAPTER 5. Limitations and future r
Page 87 and 88: eferences Abe, M. (2014). “Growin
Page 89: eferences (undated). “Enterprises
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United Nations ESCAP Rajadamnern No
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