Subsurface Iron and Arsenic Removal

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1 Introduction Parts of this chapter are based on: van Halem et al. (2009) Drinking Water Engineering and Science 2: 29-34 van Halem et al. (2010) Desalination 248: 241-248
Subsurface iron and arsenic removal for drinking water treatment in Bangladesh 1 An introduction to the arsenic problem A worldwide problem The World Health Organization estimated in 2001 that about 130 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic concentrations above 50 μg.L -1 (WHO, 2001). Affected countries include Bangladesh (>30 million exposed people), India (40 million), China (1.5 million) and the United States (2.5 million). The problem of arsenic-contaminated source waters is, however, not confined to these countries, as illustrated in Figure 1.1. According to the United Nations Synthesis report, arsenic poisoning is the second most important health hazard related to drinking water (Johnston et al., 2001). Only contamination by pathogenic microorganisms has a bigger impact worldwide. Arsenic contamination of groundwater (Box 1.1) has been found to occur due to (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002): • geothermally- influenced groundwater; • mineral dissolution (e.g., pyrite oxidation); • desorption in the oxidising environment, and; • reductive desorption and dissolution. Reductive dissolution of young arsenic-bearing sediments is the cause of the large-scale arsenic contamination of the strongly reducing aquifers in the Bengal Delta. Also in China the reducing conditions in the subsurface are the cause of arsenic mobilization. Figure 1.1 Arsenic-affected countries of the world (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002; Appleyard et al., 2006; Petrusevski et al., 2007; Smedley et al., 2007; Gunduz et al., 2009; Jovanovic et al., 2011) 2
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Simulation of adsorptive-catalytic
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4 Simulation of adsorptive-catalyti
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5 Cation exchange during subsurface
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6 Characterization of accumulated d
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7 Catalysis by accumulated deposits
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8 Influence of groundwater composit
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Concluding remarks9
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9 Concluding remarks outlook is giv
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9 Concluding remarks with SIR in th
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9 Concluding remarks have the tende
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9 Concluding remarks Sharma S.K. (2
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Summary Subsurface iron and arsenic
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Summary Apart from adsorptive-catal
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Samenvatting Ondergrondse ijzer-en
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Samenvatting Fe 3+ oxiden. Niettemi
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Samenvatting drinkwaterkwaliteit, m
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List of publications List of public
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List of publications Disaster Relie
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Subsurface Iron and Arsenic Removal

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