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1 SEDAT ERDOĞAN STRESS-TIMED or SY
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5 STRESS-TIMED -ENGLISH- VERSUS SYL
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8 -antonym /ˈæntənɪm/ -apart /
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10 -catalog /ˈkætəlɒg/ -categor
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12 -data /ˈdeɪtə/ -declare /dɪ
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14 -express /ɪkˈspres/ -extra /ˈ
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16 -helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptəʳ/ -
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18 -limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ -list /lɪst/
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20 -miniature /ˈmɪnətʃəʳ/ -mi
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22 -passive /ˈpæsɪv/ -passport /
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24 -racket /ˈrækɪt/ -radar /ˈre
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26 -sketch /sketʃ/ -slow /sləʊ/
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28 -tractor /ˈtræktəʳ/ -traditi
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30 -adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ -admire /
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32 -assess /əˈses/ -assign /əˈs
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34 -contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/
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36 -subject (v) /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ /ˈ
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38 -define /dɪˈfaɪn/ -degree /d
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40 -effect /ɪˈfekt/ -elect /ɪˈl
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42 -implode /ɪmˈpləʊd/ -imply /
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44 -remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ -remote /r
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47 AMERICAN LETTERS VOWELS SEMI-VOW
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49 LIST OF PHONETIC SYMBOLS SHORT V
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51 ‘ENGLISH’ SOUNDS COMPARED to
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53 PLOSIVES (STOPS) 1 /b/ 2 /p/ 3 /
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56 DIPH-THONGS eer ere ear /ɪr/ be
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58 VOICELESS (HARD) CONSONANTS SPEL
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60 -ˈblood ˌgroup /ˈblʌd ˌgrup
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62 -foot /fʊt/ -for /fɚ/ /fɔr/ -
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64 -NBA /ˌɛn bi ˈeɪ/ -Netherlan
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66 -symbol /ˈsɪmbəl/ -taught /t
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68 NOTE: /dʒ/ Could you...? Did yo
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70 shall /ʃəl/, /ʃæl/ she /ʃi/
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72 NOTE: Where are you from? He’s
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74 -airport /ˈɛrpɔrt/ -alarm /ə
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76 -auxiliary /ɔgˈzɪləri/ /ɔg
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78 -boat /boʊt/ -body /ˈbɑdi/ -b
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80 -channel /ˈtʃænl/ -chapter /
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82 -consider /kənˈsɪdɚ/ -consid
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84 -decision /dɪˈsɪʒən/ -decor
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86 -ear /ɪr/ -early /ˈɚli/ -earn
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88 -father /ˈfɑðɚ/ -fault /fɔl
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90 -geology /dʒiˈɑlədʒi/ -gest
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92 -heard /hɚd/ -heart /hɑrt/ -he
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94 -innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/
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96 -leadership /ˈlidɚˌʃɪp/ -le
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98 -medicine /ˈmɛdəsən/ -meet /
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100 -neck /nɛk/ -necklace /ˈnɛkl
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102 -okay /oʊˈkeɪ/ -old /oʊld/
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104 -party /ˈpɑrt i/ -Pasific Oce
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106 -pocket /ˈpɑkɪt/ -poem /ˈpo
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108 -quality /ˈkwɑlət i/ -quanti
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110 -relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ -release
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112 -scan /skæn/ -scarcely /ˈskɛ
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114 -signal /ˈsɪgnəl/ -signature
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116 -speechless /ˈspitʃlɪs/ -spe
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118 -super /ˈsupɚ/ -superlative /
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120 -theory /ˈθiəri/ /ˈθɪri/
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122 -Turkey /ˈtɚki/ -turn /tɚn/
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124 -usually /ˈyuʒuəli/ /ˈyuʒ
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126 -war /wɔr/ -warm /wɔrm/ -warn
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128 -wine /waɪn/ -wing /wɪŋ/ -wi
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130
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132
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134
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136 /æ/ -accident /ˈæksədənt/
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138 /æ/ versus /ɑ/ -advance /əd
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140 /ɪ/ -belong /bɪˈlɔŋ/ -belo
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142 ALMOST 75 PER CENT OF THE TWO-S
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144 -diffuse /dɪˈfyuz/ -diminish
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146 -evict /ɪˈvɪkt/ -examine /ɪ
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148 -invade /ɪnˈveɪd/ -invent /
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150 /ə/ Spelling Pronunciation -ab
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152 ABOUT 75 PER CENT OF THE TWO-SY
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154 -appear /əˈpɪr/ -appearance
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156 -compete /kəmˈpit/ -complain
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158 -particular /pɚˈtɪkyəlɚ/ -
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160 /ʌ/ Spelling Pronunciation Str
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162 /ʊ/ -book /bʊk/ -bull /bʊl/
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164
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166 -keep /kip/ -meet /mit/ -need /
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168 /ɚ/ -alert /ə'lɚt/ /ə'lɜrt
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170 -word /wɚd/ /wɜrd/ -work /wɚ
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172 -park /pɑrk/ -party /'pɑrt i/
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174 -honestly /ˈɑnɪstli/ -honor
- Page 176 and 177: 176 -promise /ˈprɑmɪs/ -proper /
- Page 178 and 179: 178 /u/ -boot /but/ -cool /kul/ -fo
- Page 180 and 181: 180 -humid /ˈhyumɪd/ -humorous /
- Page 182 and 183: 182 NOTE: INTONATION and SENTENCE T
- Page 184 and 185: 184 -organize /'ɔrgəˌnaɪz/ -poo
- Page 186 and 187: 186 -offer /ˈɔfɚ/ -office /ˈɔf
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- Page 190 and 191: 190 -afraid /əˈfreɪd/ -again /ə
- Page 192 and 193: 192 -row -show -slow -snow -swallow
- Page 194 and 195: 194 /ɔɪ/ -boil -choice -coin -joi
- Page 196 and 197: 196 -shine /ʃaɪn/ -side /saɪd/ -
- Page 198 and 199: 198 -liable /ˈlaɪəbəl/ -liar /
- Page 200 and 201: 200 /ɪr/ -appear /əˈpɪr/ -appea
- Page 202 and 203: 202 /ɛr/ -air /ɛr/ -aircraft /ˈ
- Page 204 and 205: 204 DI-GRAPHS A di-graph is a singl
- Page 206 and 207: 206 CONSONANT CLUSTERS (BLENDS) /bl
- Page 208 and 209: 208 SILENT CONSONANT LETTERS Silent
- Page 210 and 211: 210 Silent ‘t’ -castle -Christm
- Page 212 and 213: 212 UNSTRESSED SUFFIXES -cious -gra
- Page 214 and 215: 214 COMMON PREFIXES EXAMPLES SOUNDS
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- Page 218 and 219: 218 -Sarah /ˈsɛrə/ -season /ˈsi
- Page 220 and 221: 220 STRESS SHIFT (CHANGE) -academic
- Page 222 and 223: 222 -observe -personal -personality
- Page 224 and 225: 224 HOMO-PHONES (SAME PRONUNCIATION
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- Page 230 and 231: 230 -cemaat /ceˈmɑːt/ -cesaret /
- Page 232 and 233: 232 -gazi /gɑːˈzi/ -Gaziantep /g
- Page 234 and 235: 234 -hürriyet /hürriˈyet/ -hüsr
- Page 236 and 237: 236 -kafiye /kɑːfiˈye/ -kağıt
- Page 238 and 239: 238 -maaş /ˈmɑːş/ -Macaristan
- Page 240 and 241: 240 -mübalağa /mübɑːˈlæ/ -m
- Page 242 and 243: 242 -sabit /sɑːˈbit/ -sade /sɑ
- Page 244 and 245: 244 -tane /tɑːˈne/ -Tanzimat /t
- Page 246 and 247: 246 -vatani /vɑtɑˈniː/ -vazife
- Page 248 and 249: 248 TURKISH CONSONANTS Çift dudak
- Page 250 and 251: 250 BORROWED VOWELS /â, î, û, ô
- Page 252 and 253: 252 Spelling Pronunciation -acıkac
- Page 254 and 255: 254 Spelling Pronunciation -acımay
- Page 256 and 257: 256 Spelling Pronunciation -bilecek
- Page 258 and 259: 258 Spelling Pronunciation -bilmeye
- Page 260 and 261: 260 ‘y’ = /i/ -ayran /ɑiˈrɑn
- Page 262 and 263: 262 ‘a’ = /æ/ -ahkam /ɑhˈkæ
- Page 264 and 265: 264 -selam -silah -tadilat -tahsila
- Page 266 and 267: 266 -ayrıca /ˈɑyrıcɑ/ -ayşegi
- Page 268 and 269: 268 -dağıtım /dɑːˈtım/ -daim
- Page 270 and 271: 270 -getirmiyor /geˈtirmiyoʳ/ -gi
- Page 272 and 273: 272 -mehmet /meːˈmet/ -mosmor /ˈ
- Page 274 and 275: 274 -tuzsuz /tusˈsuz/ -uğur /uːr
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276 İstanbul /isˈtɑmbul/ n-m de
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278 -normal /ˈnɔːml/ -objektif /
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280 -kalem -kapak -karar -konu -kop
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282 RECEIVED (BRITISH) PRONUNCIATIO
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284 BRITISH ACCENT VERSUS AMERICAN
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286 BRITISH PRONUNCIATION (RECEIVED
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288 MANNER OF ARTICULATION STOP p b
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290 THE SOUNDS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
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292 BRITISH PRONUNCIATION VERSUS AM
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294 LONG VOWEL PHONEMES British Eng
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296 dustman engaged fee film first
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298 taxi tea towel telephone box te
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300 AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION FRONT CE
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302 FLAP /t/ = /t/ = /d/ -article /
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304 APPENDICES
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306 TURKISH SELF-TAUGHT with ENGLIS
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308 APPENDIX 1 : IRREGULAR VERBS PR
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310 /lɚn/ /lɚnt/ /leɪ/ /leɪd/ /
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312 APPENDIX 2 : FEMALE NAMES and S
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314 -Mary /ˈmɛri/ -Megan /ˈmɛg
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316 MALE NAMES and SCHWA /ə/ -Adam
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318 -Owen /ˈoʊɪn/ -Paul /pɔl/ -
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320 APPENDIX 4 : SYLLABLE DELETION
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322 VOWEL PHONEMES Short vowels æ
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324 BRITISH VOWELS and CONSONANT SO
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326 SILENT SYLLABLES BRITISH ENGLIS
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328 SCHWA = SHWA Schwa /ə/ is the
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330 FRONT=PALATAL BACK=VELAR /aɪ/
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332 TRIPH-THONGS Three vowel sounds
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334 Labio-Velar Approximant -whale
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336 ‘w’ = short /ʊ/ If you kee
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338 ‘y’ = short /ɪ/ If you kee
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340 ACCENTED SYLLABLES & BRITISH
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342 -ballerina /ˌbæləˈriːnə/
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344 -Christmas /ˈkrɪsməs/ -CIA /
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346 -Croatia /krəʊˈeɪʃə/ -cro
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348 -drown /draʊn/ -dual /ˈdjuː
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350 -evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/
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352 -forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ -foretell
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354 -guilty /ˈgɪlti/ -guitar /gɪ
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356 -important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ -imp
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358 -justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ -justif
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360 -litter /ˈlɪtəʳ/ -little /
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362 -naive /naɪˈiːv/ -naked /ˈn
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364 -occasionally /əˈkeɪʒnəli/
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366 -paragraph /ˈpærəgrɑːf/ -p
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368 -picture /ˈpɪktʃəʳ/ -pierc
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370 -purely /ˈpjʊəli/ -purple /
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372 -represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ -re
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374 -science /ˈsaɪəns/ -scientif
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376 -skilled /skɪld/ -skirt /skɜ
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378 -start /stɑːt/ -starter /ˈst
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380 -support /səˈpɔːt/ -suppose
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382 -thoughtful /ˈθɔːːfl/ -tho
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384 -tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ -turn /tɜːn
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386 -vacation /vəˈkeɪʃn/ /veɪ
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388 -wander /ˈwɒndəʳ/ -wanna /
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390 -wife /waɪf/ -wild /waɪld/ -w
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392 -zoology /zəʊˈɒlədʒi/ /zu
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394 COMPOUND WORDS & STRESS -Americ
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396 -good morning -goodbye -good he
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398 -midnight -mobile phone -modern
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400 -seafood -seat belt -second cla
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402 -worksheet -yellow card -yes no
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404 -booking office /ˈbʊkɪŋ ɒf
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406 PRIMARY (MAIN) STRESS before TH
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408 STRESS SHIFT /ˈsoʊʃəl/ /ˌs
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410 /iə/ = ‘ia’, ‘io’ -Adr
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412 AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION -abbrevi
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414 -banal /bəˈnæl/ /bəˈnɑl/
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416 -cause /kɔz/ -center /ˈsɛnt
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418 -disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvænt
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420 -figure /ˈfɪgyɚ/ -final /ˈf
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422 -item /ˈaɪt əm/ -jacket /ˈd
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424 -notebook /ˈnoʊtbʊk/ -notice
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426 -sleeveless /ˈslivlɪs/ -softw
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