Write You a Haskell Stephen Diehl

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ere are some books as well, but your mileage may vary with these. Much of the material is dated and only covers basic functional programming and not “programming in the large”. • Learn you a Haskell by Miran Lipovača • Programming in Haskell by Graham Hutton • inking Functionally by Richard Bird 30
Parsing Parser Combinators For parsing in Haskell it is quite common to use a family of libraries known as parser combinators which let us compose higher order functions to generate parsers. Parser combinators are a particularly expressive pattern that allows us to quickly prototype language grammars in an small embedded domain language inside of Haskell itself. Most notably we can embed custom Haskell logic inside of the parser. NanoParsec So now let’s build our own toy parser combinator library which we’ll call NanoParsec just to get the feel of how these things are built. {-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-unused-do-bind #-} module NanoParsec where import Data.Char import Control.Monad import Control.Applicative Structurally a parser is a function which takes an input stream of characters and yields a parse tree by applying the parser logic over sections of the character stream (called lexemes) to build up a composite data structure for the AST. newtype Parser a = Parser { parse :: String -> [(a,String)] } Running the function will result in traversing the stream of characters yielding a value of type a that usually represents the AST for the parsed expression, or failing with a parse error for malformed input, or failing by not consuming the entire stream of input. A more robust implementation would track the position information of failures for error reporting. runParser :: Parser a -> String -> a runParser m s = 31
Page 1 and 2: Write You a Haskell Building a mode
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction 6 Goals . . .
Page 5 and 6: Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: • containers • unordered-contai
Page 11 and 12: File ””, line 1, in TypeError:
Page 13 and 14: ] TokenSym ”x”, TokenAdd, Token
Page 15 and 16: f: mov res, arg add res, 1 ret defi
Page 17 and 18: Datatypes Constructors for datatype
Page 19 and 20: length :: [a] -> Int length [] = 0
Page 21 and 22: Higher-Kinded Types e “type of ty
Page 23 and 24: eturn a >>= f = f a Law 2 m >>= ret
Page 25 and 26: data PlatonicSolid = Tetrahedron |
Page 27 and 28: foo :: Stack () foo = Stack $ do pu
Page 29 and 30: , bar :: Int } deriving (Show) comp
Page 31: class IsString a where fromString :
Page 35 and 36: instance Monad Parser where return
Page 37 and 38: natural :: Parser Integer natural =
Page 39 and 40: print $ eval $ run a Now we can try
Page 41 and 42: module Syntax where data Expr = Tr
Page 43 and 44: cannot proceed because the reductio
Page 45 and 46: later into native CPU instructions
Page 47 and 48: λx.e ere are several syntactical c
Page 49 and 50: type Name = String data Expr = Var
Page 51 and 52: Eta-expansion (λx.ex)e ′ β →
Page 53 and 54: Y = SSK(S(K(SS(S(SSK))))K) In a unt
Page 55 and 56: parensIf :: Bool -> Doc -> Doc pare
Page 57 and 58: In this notation, the expression ab
Page 59 and 60: In all the languages which we will
Page 61 and 62: eval1 expr = case expr of Succ t ->
Page 63 and 64: TNat -> return TNat _ -> throwError
Page 65 and 66: • T-Var Variables are simply pull
Page 67 and 68: t1 throwError $ Mismatch t2 a ty -
Page 69 and 70: Full Source • Typed Arithmetic
Page 71 and 72: 1. Evaluate f to λy.e 2. Evaluate
Page 73 and 74: e 1 → e ′ 1 e 1 e 2 → e ′ 1
Page 75 and 76: case we will use a GADT to embed a
Page 77 and 78: AppP (AppP (VarP f) (VarP x)) (AppP
Page 79 and 80: e prim function will simply perform
Page 81 and 82: ere is nothing more practical than
Page 83 and 84:
As before let rec expressions will
Page 85 and 86:
Γ, x : τ = (Γ\x) ∪ {x : τ} Op
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where s’ = foldr Map.delete s as
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s2 Type -> Infer Subst bind a t |
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infer :: TypeEnv -> Expr -> Infer (
Page 93 and 94:
App e1 e2 -> do tv
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-- | Unify two types uni :: Type ->
Page 97 and 98:
unifies t (TVar v) = v ‘bind‘ t
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Interpreter Our evaluator will oper
Page 101 and 102:
Our language can be compiled into a
Page 103 and 104:
exec True contents -- :type command
Page 105 and 106:
let rec fib n = if (n == 0) then 0
Page 107 and 108:
• Higher order functions • Para
Page 109 and 110:
• e PHOAS, the type-erased Core i
Page 111 and 112:
If the ProtoHaskell compiler is inv
Page 113 and 114:
infixl 6 + infixl 7 * f = 1 + 2 * 3
Page 115 and 116:
-- Desugared f x = case x of Just _
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data Kind = KStar | KArr Kind Kind
Page 119 and 120:
TypeError) -- | Inference state dat
Page 121 and 122:
e expression or Expr type is the co
Page 123 and 124:
data qname [var] where [tydecl] dat
Page 125 and 126:
Typeclass Declarations Typeclass de
Page 127 and 128:
Syntax Name Kind Description (,) Pa
Page 129 and 130:
So for instance if we have three AS
Page 131 and 132:
-- **Begin Haskell Syntax** { {-# O
Page 133 and 134:
tokens :- -- Whitespace insensitive
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Expr : let VAR ’=’ Expr in Expr
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data Type = TVar Loc TVar | TCon Lo
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-- Start of layout ( Column: 0 ) fi
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Extensible Operators Haskell famous
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fixityspec :: Parser FixitySpec fix
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Write You a Haskell Stephen Diehl

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