Primates in Peril

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Hapke, A., J. Fietz, S. D. Nash, D. Rakotondravony, B. Rakotosamimanana, J. B. Ramanamanjato, G. F. N. Randria and H. Zischler. 2005. Biogeography of dwarf lemurs: genetic evidence for unexpected patterns in southeastern Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 26: 873-901. Irwin, M.T., K. E. Samonds and J. L. Raharison. 2001. A biological inventory of the lemur community of Réserve Spéciale de Kalambatritra, South-Central Madagascar. Lemur News 6: 24-28. Lei, R., C. L. Frasier, A. T. McLain, J. M. Taylor, C. A. Bailey, S. E. Engberg, A. L. Ginter, R. Randriamampionona, C. P. Groves, R. A. Mittermeier and E.E. Louis Jr. 2014. Revision of Madagascar’s dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus): designation of species, candidate species status and geographic boundaries based on molecular and morphological data. Primate Conservation 28: 9-35. Ramanamanjato, J.B., P. B. McIntyre and R.A. Nussbaum. 2002. Reptile, amphibian, and lemur diversity of the Malahelo Forest, a biogeographical transition zone in southeastern Madagascar. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1791-1807. Thiele, D., E. Razafimahatratra and A. Hapke. 2013. Discrepant partitioning of genetic diversity in mouse lemurs and dwarf lemurs - Biological reality or taxonomic bias? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69: 593-609. 29
Lac Alaotra Bamboo Lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis Rumpler, 1975 Madagascar (2000, 2014) Fay Clark and Lance Woolaver Hapalemur alaotrensis exclusively inhabits the dense papyrus and reed beds surrounding Lac Alaotra, Madagascar’s largest lake, located on the western edge of the eastern rain forest region (Mutschler and Feistner 1995). The species occurs as two subpopulations, a small fragmented one in the northern part of the lake around the Belempona Peninsula and a larger one in contiguous marshlands along the lake’s southwestern shore. Its entire range appears to be less than 5,800 ha and it occurs only up to elevations of 750 m. The lake is surrounded by a vast wetland area consisting of 14,000 ha of marshes and 175,000 ha of rice fields and constitutes an important biodiversity area (Pidgeon 1996). Guillera-Arroita et al. (2010) reported that difficulties in monitoring this species arise because the wetland is difficult to survey. It can only be accessed via canals cut by fishermen, resulting in limited transects for monitoring, and visibility is typically restricted to a few metres. The Alaotra watershed is of international importance under the Ramsar Convention of 2003. The government of Madagascar also recognized the conservation value of this area by classifying it as a Temporary New Protected Area within national law N°381-2007/ MINENVEF/ MAEP in January 2007, which was given permanent protection status in July 2015. In spite of this, the human population in the Alaotra watershed has rapidly increased in the last few decades, from 109,000 in 1960 to approximately 550,000 in 2003 (Pidgeon 1996; PRD 2003). People heavily rely on rice cultivation and fishing for their livelihoods (Andrianandrasana et al. 2005; Copsey et al. 2009a; Wallace et al. 2015), leading to severe loss, degradation and fragmentation of the Alaotran marshes as lemur habitat (Mutschler et al. 1995, 2005). Conversion of marsh habitat to rice fields has been the most significant historical and continuing threat to the survival of H. alaotrensis. From 2001-2007 there was a decrease in the coverage of marsh vegetation of 29.7%, from 19,000 to 14,000 ha (Durrell unpublished data). Marsh burning inhibits the regeneration of H. alaotrensis habitat which also declined during that same period from 9,400 to 5,800 ha. Unfortunately, marsh 30 Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) (Illustration: Stephen D. Nash) burning increased dramatically in 2013 (3,000 ha) and 2014 (2,600 ha) due to a lack of law enforcement and an increase in coordinated pressure by people in power organising conversion of the marsh to ricefields for their own financial benefit (Ratsimbazafy et al. 2013). Some of this burned marsh will regenerate if not converted to rice but the trend in annual burning has accelerated. Hunting for food and capture for pets has significantly reduced lemur numbers in the past but has been mitigated somewhat in more recent years due to intervention by conservation organizations (Razafimananahaka et al. in prep). Various methods
Page 2 and 3: Primates in Peril: The World’s 25
Page 4 and 5: Contents Acknowledgements..........
Page 6 and 7: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Pr
Page 8 and 9: Table 2. Primate species included o
Page 10 and 11: Photos of some of the Top 25 Most E
Page 12 and 13: 7
Page 14 and 15: 9
Page 16 and 17: Rondo Dwarf Galago Galagoides rondo
Page 18 and 19: A new project to address these cons
Page 20 and 21: potential and roloways have been re
Page 22 and 23: Preuss’s Red Colobus Piliocolobus
Page 24 and 25: Groves, C. P. 2007. The taxonomic d
Page 26 and 27: There are six (perhaps seven) other
Page 28 and 29: Grauer’s Gorilla Gorilla beringei
Page 30 and 31: (WCS unpublished data), is encourag
Page 32 and 33: Lavasoa Mountains Dwarf Lemur Cheir
Page 36 and 37: of hunting and trapping are employe
Page 38 and 39: Red Ruffed Lemur Varecia rubra É.
Page 40 and 41: Rigamonti, M. M. 1993. Home range a
Page 42 and 43: In 2008, the Service d’Appui à l
Page 44 and 45: km 2 ) in Banks et al. (2007), for
Page 46 and 47: Salmona, J., R. Heller, E. Quémér
Page 48 and 49: Philippine Tarsier Carlito syrichta
Page 50 and 51: Javan Slow Loris Nycticebus javanic
Page 52 and 53: Moore et al. (2014) assessed the su
Page 54 and 55: Thorn, J. S., V. Nijman, D. Smith,
Page 56 and 57: peat-swamp forests, S. c. siberu ha
Page 58 and 59: Delacour’s Langur Trachypithecus
Page 60 and 61: Nadler, T. 2012. Reintroduction of
Page 62 and 63: one group consisting of two females
Page 64 and 65: and gunshots were recorded commonly
Page 66 and 67: ut do occur. Aggression is quite ra
Page 68 and 69: Western Purple-faced Langur Semnopi
Page 70 and 71: in the community and in nearby town
Page 72 and 73: Hainan Gibbon Nomascus hainanus (Th
Page 74 and 75: hainanus and the Eastern black gibb
Page 76 and 77: equire vast areas of contiguous rai
Page 78 and 79: 73 !"#$%#&'() #$%$#&'#(") *+,")+$#&
Page 80 and 81: is relatively well preserved and pr
Page 82 and 83: Province, and adjacent regions of I
Page 84 and 85:
Due to the threats of habitat loss
Page 86 and 87:
San Martín Titi Monkey Callicebus
Page 88 and 89:
Northern Brown Howler Alouatta guar
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References Brazil, MMA, ICMBio-CPB.
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Editors’ addresses Mittermeier, R
Page 94 and 95:
Louis, Jr., Edward E. Omaha’s Hen
Page 96 and 97:
Vermeer, Jan Proyecto Mono Tocón,
Page 98:
The Species Survival Commission (SS
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