Primates in Peril

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hainanus and the Eastern black gibbon Nomascus nasutus. International Zoo Yearbook 46: 259–264. Roos, C. and T. Nadler 2005. Molecular evolution and systematics of Indochinese primates. Primate Report 72(1): 38–39. Roos, C., V. N. Thanh, L. Walter, and T. Nadler. 2007. Molecular systematics of Indochinese primates. Vietnamese J. Primatol. 1: 41-53. Wu, W., X. M. Wang, F. Claro, Y. Z. Ding, A. C. Souris, C. D. Wang, C. H. Wang and R. Berzins. 2004. The current status of the Hainan black-crested gibbon Nomascus sp. cf. nasutus hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. Oryx 38(4): 452–456. Zhou, J., F. W. Wei, M. Li, J. F. Zhang, D. L. Wang and R. L. Pan. 2005. Hainan Black-crested Gibbon is headed for extinction. International Journal of Primatology 26(2): 453–465. 69
Sumatran Orangutan Pongo abelii (Lesson, 1827) Indonesia (Sumatra) (2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2014) Ian Singleton, Serge A. Wich, Matthew G. Nowak and Graham Usher The Sumatran (Pongo abelii) and Bornean (P. pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760) orangutan species comprise the genus Pongo (Groves 2001) and the Sumatran orangutan is considered a single taxonomic unit. The Sumatran orangutan is facing the more immediate threat of Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) (Illustration: Stephen D. Nash) extinction and is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2015). The species is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia, where wild populations persist only in remaining lowland forests within the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra (78% and 22% of the species’ range respectively, Wich et al. 2011). Two reintroduced populations are being established, one further south in Jambi Province, and one in the far north of Aceh. The most recent published estimates suggest only around 6,600 wild orangutans remain in just 9 fragmented habitat units from the central regions of Aceh, south to the Batang Toru River in North Sumatra (Wich et al. 2008; noting the loss of the East Singkil population since 2008). More recent surveys, as yet unpublished, indicate the total population to be larger than 6,600, largely since orangutans were found to be at higher densities in higher altitude parts of their range than previously suspected, but the overall trend in orangutan numbers and habitat area remains decidedly downwards (Wich et al. in press). 70 Genetic studies looking at mitochondrial DNA (Nater et al. 2011) indicate the southernmost populations of around 550 individuals near the Batang Toru river, are genetically quite distinct from more northern populations, indicating very limited dispersal of females. These studies also suggest the Batang Toru orangutans could be the last remnants of an ancestral, central and southern Sumatra population, from which all orangutans further north, and those in Borneo, could be descended. These findings have led to debate that the genetic differences may warrant distinct species status, in which case the Batang Toru orangutans would immediately become the world’s most endangered great ape species. Orangutans are extremely vulnerable to extinction. Their exceptionally slow reproductive rate, low densities and very large home ranges mean viable populations
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Primates in Peril: The World’s 25
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Contents Acknowledgements..........
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The World’s 25 Most Endangered Pr
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Table 2. Primate species included o
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Photos of some of the Top 25 Most E
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9
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Rondo Dwarf Galago Galagoides rondo
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A new project to address these cons
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potential and roloways have been re
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Preuss’s Red Colobus Piliocolobus
Page 24 and 25: Groves, C. P. 2007. The taxonomic d
Page 26 and 27: There are six (perhaps seven) other
Page 28 and 29: Grauer’s Gorilla Gorilla beringei
Page 30 and 31: (WCS unpublished data), is encourag
Page 32 and 33: Lavasoa Mountains Dwarf Lemur Cheir
Page 34 and 35: Hapke, A., J. Fietz, S. D. Nash, D.
Page 36 and 37: of hunting and trapping are employe
Page 38 and 39: Red Ruffed Lemur Varecia rubra É.
Page 40 and 41: Rigamonti, M. M. 1993. Home range a
Page 42 and 43: In 2008, the Service d’Appui à l
Page 44 and 45: km 2 ) in Banks et al. (2007), for
Page 46 and 47: Salmona, J., R. Heller, E. Quémér
Page 48 and 49: Philippine Tarsier Carlito syrichta
Page 50 and 51: Javan Slow Loris Nycticebus javanic
Page 52 and 53: Moore et al. (2014) assessed the su
Page 54 and 55: Thorn, J. S., V. Nijman, D. Smith,
Page 56 and 57: peat-swamp forests, S. c. siberu ha
Page 58 and 59: Delacour’s Langur Trachypithecus
Page 60 and 61: Nadler, T. 2012. Reintroduction of
Page 62 and 63: one group consisting of two females
Page 64 and 65: and gunshots were recorded commonly
Page 66 and 67: ut do occur. Aggression is quite ra
Page 68 and 69: Western Purple-faced Langur Semnopi
Page 70 and 71: in the community and in nearby town
Page 72 and 73: Hainan Gibbon Nomascus hainanus (Th
Page 76 and 77: equire vast areas of contiguous rai
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Page 80 and 81: is relatively well preserved and pr
Page 82 and 83: Province, and adjacent regions of I
Page 84 and 85: Due to the threats of habitat loss
Page 86 and 87: San Martín Titi Monkey Callicebus
Page 88 and 89: Northern Brown Howler Alouatta guar
Page 90 and 91: References Brazil, MMA, ICMBio-CPB.
Page 92 and 93: Editors’ addresses Mittermeier, R
Page 94 and 95: Louis, Jr., Edward E. Omaha’s Hen
Page 96 and 97: Vermeer, Jan Proyecto Mono Tocón,
Page 98: The Species Survival Commission (SS
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Primates in Peril

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