THE BIBLE CANON : M. M. NINAN The original Hebrew titles for these five books are: • Bereshit ("In the beginning") • Shemot ("Names") • Vayikra ("He called") • Bamidbar ("In the wilderness") • Devarim ("Things" or "Words") 2
THE BIBLE CANON : M. M. NINAN The Hebrew names of these five scrolls come mainly from the opening word(s) of each scroll. • Genesis is called bereshith , “in beginning”; • Exodus, we'elleh shehymoth , “These are the names”; • Leviticus, wayyikra , “and he called”; • Numbers, bemidbar , “in the Wilderness”; and • Deuteronomy, elleh haddebarim , “These are the words.” The names of the books in the English <strong>Bible</strong>, come through the Latin from the Greek Septuagint and are intended to be descriptive of the contents of each book. • Genesis means “generation” or “origin”; • Exodus means “going out”; • Leviticus refers to the Levitical system; • Numbers refers to the numbering of the tribes, Levites, and first born (Numbers 1-4 ,Numbers 1-4,26:1 ); and • Deuteronomy means “second law” (Deuteronomy 17:18 ). These books are referred to: • the "Five Books of Moses," because the writings themselves identify the author as Moses, or • the "Pentateuch," a Greek term meaning "pente (5) teuchos (volumes)," or • the "Books of the Law", or • the "Torah" (a Hebrew word meaning "instruction") These books were originally written as a single unbroken scroll. Sometime before the 2nd Century BCE, it was divided into the 5 books that we see today. MOSAIC AUTHORSHIP We have the five books of Moses as supposed to be written down by Moses. Passages in the Pentateuch itself refers to Moses writing down the book: o o o o o o o Exodus 17:14 "Then the Lord instructed Moses, ' Write this as a memorial in a book and recite it in the ears of Joshua, ...'" Exodus 24:4 "Then Moses carefully wrote down all the Lord's instructions." Exodus 34:27 "And the Lord said to Moses, 'Write down all these instructions, for they represents the terms of my covenant with you and with Israel.'" Leviticus 1:1 "The Lord called to Moses from the Tabernacle and said to him, 'Give the following instructions to the Israelites...'" Leviticus 6:8 "Then the Lord said to Moses, 'Give Aaron and his sons the following instructions...'" Deuteronomy 31:9 "So Moses wrote down this law and gave it to the priests." Deuteronomy 31:24-26 "When Moses had finished writing the words of this law in a book, to the very end, Moses commanded the Levites who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, "Take this book of the law, and put it 3