A Popilar Dictionary of Hinduism Karel Werner

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22 A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF HINDUISM Its headquarters, called Ānand Nagar, are in West Bengal. When it was suffering internal power struggles in the early seventies, a temporary ban was put on its activities in the U.S.A. Ananta (infinite) the name of the cosmic snake (a symbol of never-ending cyclic time) on which reclines in the icon based on mythology. His other name is or and also Vāsuki. aneka (‘not one’) manifold. Aneka the manifold shrine, i.e. with a number of , usually of the simple conical shape, but frequently of a large size. It is often found in South Indian Śivaistic temples. Aneka Mūrti (‘of many forms’) a name of . limb; part; auxiliary treatise. a legendary Vedic of divine status, father of Agni, associated with the AV which is sometimes called by his name. Angkor Vat (or Wat; lit. ‘city temple’) a monumental Khmer temple complex in present-day Cambodia (Kampuchea; orig. Khmer: Kambuja) built by king Sūryavarman II (1112–52) in the shape of the Hindu model of the universe with its central tower representing Mount Meru. The galleries contain superb reliefs of scenes from BP (churning of the cosmic ocean), Mhb, and . Although the concept is , the central tower is believed to have housed a representing the king’s divinity as was the case with earlier Khmer hill top temples. It was replaced with a statue of the Buddha during the reign of Jayavaram VII (1181–1218) who built inside Angkor Thom, his capital, the Bayon temple with giant faces of the Bodhisattva Lokeśvara, believed to bear the features of the king himself. añjali a respectful obeisance to a superior by slightly bowing the head, placing one’s palms together, with a cavity between them, and raising them towards one’s forehead. anna food, sustenance; Annadevī: goddess of nourishment. annamaya kośa (‘food-made sheath’) a Vedāntic term for the physical body in the system of five sheaths, the other four kośas being: , manomaya, vijñānamaya and ānandamaya. the name of Durgā as the goddess of plenty. female apartments in a traditional Hindu household. Antaka (the ‘ender’) a name of Yama, the king of the realm of the deceased ones and their judge. (ninth century A.D.) a South Indian female bhakti poet said to have been married to statue at and eventually absorbed into it. She is locally worshipped as an incarnation of Śrī. interim space; atmosphere; air; intermediary region (between the material and the spiritual world). antaryāmi ‘inner controller’, an expression for brahman immanent to all beings as ātman. The expression is later used also in monistic religious
INTRODUCTION 23 teachings to indicate the presence of God within (in the hearts of men). It became the basis for the later theory of vyūha. atom; in post-classical Hindu teachings also one of the many designations for the individual ‘soul’. Anu Gītā (the ‘miniature’ Gītā) a recapitulation of the teachings of the BhG in the Mhb. It was given by to Arjuna after the great war. the summary name for Indian dialects from about the seventh century A.D., following the period of medieval Prākrits and preceding the period of modern Indian languages. Some Jain and Tantric works were written in various forms of it. Apām Napāt (‘son of the waters’) a Vedic deity manifested in the lightning which issues from rain clouds. aparigraha non-grasping, non-acquisitiveness, one of the yamas in Patañajali’s yoga. Āpas (‘waters’) lower deities described in the RV as maidens (symbolical of the cosmic potential of world manifestation) and young wives and mothers (symbolical of the creative forces of manifestation). Broadly speaking, terms like ‘cosmic waters’, ‘cosmic ocean’, ‘world ocean’ are used in various contexts for the unmanifest reality before the world came into existence. The symbolism of waters indicates that they harbour the virtually infinite multiplicity of things and beings which appear in the world after its manifestation. They further symbolize the (cosmic) mind or the ‘element of mentality’, most of which is unconscious and harbours various drives and seeds of potential qualities and capabilities not yet revealed or realized. As a cosmic element, waters are associated with the moon, which also sometimes stands for the mind and especially for its unconscious part. Apasmāra the name of the demon-dwarf, symbolical of ignorance, who is being stamped on by Śiva . ‘not of human origin’, an epithet of the Veda, expressing the belief that it is a divine revelation and is of superhuman origin. apsaras heavenly nymph; a category of lower female deities (originally probably aquatic nymphs) who wait on gods and beings reborn in Indra’s heaven, delighting them with song and dance (their male counterparts: gandharvas). Sometimes apsarases befriend men on earth and give birth to their children. At the request of Indra they occasionally contrive to seduce ascetics who have become too powerful for his comfort. They also conduct heroes fallen in battle to Indra’s heaven (cf. the Valkyries of Germanic mythology). arahat, arhat, arahant (‘the worthy one’) a designation of ascetics as worthy of reverence and material support and hence regarded as advanced in spiritual achievement. It was adopted by Buddhism as a specific designation of a liberated or enlightened person and is used also in Jainism in a similar sense. uncultivated land; forest. forest dweller; hermit.
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A Popilar Dictionary of Hinduism Karel Werner

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