PRIVATE PATENTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
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<strong>PRIVATE</strong> <strong>PATENTS</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>PUBLIC</strong> <strong>HEALTH</strong><br />
The Perspective of the Former United<br />
Nations Special Rapporteur (2002-<br />
2008),” PLOS Medicine 7, no. 9:<br />
e1000330. doi:10.1371/journal.<br />
pmed.1000330, http://journals.plos.<br />
org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/<br />
journal.pmed.1000330<br />
175 Anand Grover, Brian Citro, Mihir<br />
Mankad, and Fiona Lander,<br />
“Pharmaceutical companies and<br />
global lack of access to medicines:<br />
strengthening accountability under<br />
the right to health,” J Law Med Ethics,<br />
June 2012, 40(2):234-250.<br />
176 UNDP, Global Commission on HIV<br />
and the Law, “HIV and the Law:<br />
Risks, Rights and Health,” Judith<br />
Levine, New York, NY: United States,<br />
2012, http://www.hivlawcommission.<br />
org/resources/report/FinalReport-<br />
Risks,Rights&Health-EN.pdf<br />
177 S. Katrina Perehudoff, Health, Essential<br />
Medicines, Human Rights & National<br />
Constitutions, Geneva, Switzerland:<br />
The World Health Organization, 31<br />
July 2008, http://www.who.int/<br />
medicines/areas/human_rights/<br />
Perehudoff_report_<br />
constitutions_2008.pdf<br />
178 WHO, “Public health, innovation and<br />
intellectual property rights,” Report<br />
of the Commission on Intellectual<br />
Property Rights, Innovation and<br />
Public Health (CIPIH), ISBN 92 4<br />
156323 0, Geneva, Switzerland. The<br />
World Health Organization, 2006, p.<br />
131, http://www.who.int/<br />
intellectualproperty/report/en/<br />
179 WHO, “Public health, innovation and<br />
intellectual property rights,” Report of<br />
the Commission on Intellectual Property<br />
Rights, Innovation and Public Health<br />
(CIPIH), ISBN 92 4 156323 0, Geneva,<br />
Switzerland. The World Health<br />
Organization, 2006, p. 134, http://<br />
www.who.int/intellectualproperty/<br />
report/en/<br />
180 Michael Burdon and Kristie Sloper,<br />
“The Art of Using Secondary Patents<br />
to Improve Protection, “International<br />
Journal of Medical Marketing, Special<br />
Issue 3, no. 3, June 2003. Available<br />
online here: http://www.olswang.<br />
com/pdfs/secondary_patents_jun03.<br />
pdf<br />
181 Amy Kapczynski, Chan Park, and<br />
Bhaven Sampat, “Polymorphs and<br />
prodrugs and salts (oh my!): an<br />
empirical analysis of “secondary”<br />
pharmaceutical patents,” PLOS One 7,<br />
no. 12 (2012): e49470, DOI: 10.1371/<br />
journal.pone.0049470, 5 December<br />
2012, http://journals.plos.org/<br />
plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.<br />
pone.0049470<br />
182 Simon King, “The Best Selling Drugs<br />
of All Time; Humira Joins The Elite,”<br />
Forbes, 28 January 2013, http://www.<br />
forbes.com/sites/<br />
simonking/2013/01/28/the-bestselling-drugs-of-all-time-humirajoins-the-elite/<br />
183 Statista, Statistics Portal, “Worldwide<br />
revenue of Pfizer’s Lipitor from 2003<br />
to 2014 (in million U.S. dollars),”<br />
Available online (account required)<br />
here: http://www.statista.com/<br />
statistics/254341/pfizers-worldwideviagra-revenues-since-2003/<br />
184 “Price of atorvastatin plummets 93%<br />
as patent ends,” Pulse, 8 May 2012,<br />
http://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/priceof-atorvastatin-plummets-93-aspatent-ends/13908795.article#.<br />
VXmJhabE-0w<br />
185 Marwaan Macan-Markar,<br />
“THAIL<strong>AND</strong>: Pharma Majors<br />
Promise Cheap HIV/AIDS Drugs,”<br />
Inter Press Service, 17 November 2015,<br />
http://www.ipsnews.net/2006/09/<br />
thailand-pharma-majors-promisecheap-hiv-aids-drugs/<br />
186 “Lawsuit for an Amendment of the<br />
Claims,” Thailand Journal of Law and<br />
167
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