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xhi f is the sum of the weighted number of cases in the i th cluster in the h th stratum, and is the overall sampling fraction, which is so small that it is ignored. In addition to the standard error, the design effect (DEFT) for each estimate is also calculated. The design effect is defined as the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used. A DEFT value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a value greater than 1.0 indicates the increase in the sampling error due to the use of a more complex and less statistically efficient design. Relative standard errors and confidence limits for the estimates are also calculated. Sampling errors for the 2015 KMIS are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest. The results are presented in this appendix for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the five malaria endemicity zones (highland epidemic; lake endemic; coast endemic; semi-arid, seasonal risk; and low risk). For each variable, the type of statistic (mean, proportion, or rate) and the base population are given in Table B.1. Tables B.2 through B.9 present the value of the statistic (R), its standard error (SE), the number of unweighted (N) and weighted (WN) cases, the design effect (DEFT), the relative standard error (SE/R), and the 95 percent confidence limits (R±2SE) for each variable. The DEFT is considered undefined when the standard error considering a simple random sample is zero (when the estimate is close to 0 or 1). The confidence interval (e.g., as calculated for a child who has fever in the last 2 weeks) can be interpreted as follows: the overall average from the national sample is 0.361, and its standard error is 0.014. Therefore, to obtain the 95 percent confidence limits, one adds and subtracts twice the standard error to the sample estimate, i.e., 0.361 ± 2×0.014. There is a high probability (95 percent) that the true proportion of children who have fever in the last 2 weeks is between 0.334 and 0.388. For the total sample, the value of the DEFT, averaged over all variables, is 1.72. This means that, due to multi-stage clustering of the sample, the average standard error is increased by a factor of 1.72 over that in an equivalent simple random sample. 88 • Appendix B
Table B.1 List of selected variables for sampling errors, <strong>Kenya</strong> 2015 Variable Type of Estimate Base population No education Proportion All women 15-49 Secondary education or higher Proportion All women 15-49 Owns at least 1 long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) Proportion Households Child slept under an LLIN last night Proportion Children under 5 in households Pregnant woman slept under an LLIN last night Proportion Pregnant women 15-49 in households Received 2+ doses of SP/Fansidar antenatal visit Proportion Last birth of women 15-49 with live births last 2 years Child has fever in last 2 weeks Proportion Child under 5 in women’s birth history Child sought care/treatment from a health facility, Proportion Child under 5 with fever in last 2 weeks provider, pharmacy, shop, or market Child took artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) Proportion Child under 5 with fever in last 2 weeks who received any antimalarial drugs Child 6-59 months has severe anaemia Proportion Child 6-59 months tested for anaemia (Haemoglobin
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REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF HEALT
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The 2015 Kenya Malaria Indicator Su
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3.2 Use of Mosquito Nets ..........
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Table 5.4 Attitudes towards treatme
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Acknowledgements • ix
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currently owned by households in Ke
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xiv • Map of Kenya
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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ate declined from 3.3 to 2.9 percen
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with climate change are likely to i
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Group and were translated into Kisw
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lumefantrine to those who tested po
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underwent malaria microscopy testin
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2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND
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2.1.2 Household Sanitation Faciliti
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A majority of households own a mobi
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Table 2.6 Household population by a
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Table 2.8 Background characteristic
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3 VECTOR CONTROL Key Findings • A
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Figure 3.1 compares LLIN ownership
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Table 3.2 Source and cost of mosqui
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Figure 3.3 Access to an LLIN by the
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Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.5 Use of an LLIN by childr
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.6 Trends in use of mosquit
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Page 61: Net use has increased since 2010 am
Page 65 and 66: 4 MALARIA IN PREGNANCY Key Findings
Page 67 and 68: To assess the use of IPTp, the 2015
Page 69: Figure 4.1 Trends in IPTp in malari
Page 73 and 74: 5 CASE MANAGEMENT Key Findings •
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Page 77 and 78: Table 5.2 Source of advice or treat
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Page 81: While health facilities are providi
Page 85 and 86: 6 MALARIA AND ANAEMIA IN CHILDREN K
Page 87 and 88: Table 6.2 Prevalence of malaria in
Page 89 and 90: As Figure 6.3 shows, the decline in
Page 91 and 92: Table 6.4 Prevalence of anaemia Per
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Page 96 and 97: MEASURE Evaluation, Roll Back Malar
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Page 103: APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ER
Page 107: Table B.7 Sampling errors: Coast en
Page 110 and 111: Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Page 114 and 115: Table D.4 Prevalence of anaemia in
Page 116 and 117: Table D.6 Comparison of malaria and
Page 119 and 120: APPENDIX E SURVEY PERSONNEL NATIONA
Page 121 and 122: LOGISTICIAN Robert Mwaura FIELD TEA
Page 123: ICF INTERNATIONAL Sara K. Head Joy
Page 127 and 128: MALARIA CONTROL UNIT KENYA NATIONAL
Page 129 and 130: INTRODUCTION AND CONSENT ADMINISTER
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Page 133 and 134: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS NO. QUEST
Page 135 and 136: MOSQUITO NET ROSTER NET #1 NET #2 N
Page 137 and 138: SOURCE AND USES OF MOSQUITO NETS NO
Page 139 and 140: SOURCE AND USES OF MOSQUITO NETS NO
Page 141 and 142: INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS TO BE FI
Page 143 and 144: MALARIA CONTROL UNIT KENYA NATIONAL
Page 145 and 146: SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUND
Page 147 and 148: SECTION 2. REPRODUCTION 212 Now I'd
Page 149 and 150: SECTION 3. PREGNANCY AND INTERMITTE
Page 151 and 152: LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
Page 153 and 154: LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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SECTION 4A. KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES
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MALARIA CONTROL UNIT KENYA NATIONAL
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CHILD 1 CHILD 2 CHILD 3 NAME NAME N
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HEMOGLOBIN MEASUREMENT AND MALARIA
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6 121 122 123
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