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Table 3.6 and Figure 3.5 show that 56 percent of children under age 5 sleep under an LLIN; this is an increase from 39 percent in the 2010 KMIS. The lake endemic zone showed a particularly notable increase in children sleeping under an LLIN, growing from 42 to 73 percent over the same 5- year period. As Table 3.5 shows, around 6 in 10 children under age 2 sleep under an LLIN (62 to 64 percent), compared with about one-half of children between age 2 and age 5 (50 to 53 percent). Children in urban areas are more likely to sleep under an LLIN (60 percent) than those in rural areas (54 percent). Compared with children in the low risk and semi-arid, seasonal transmission zone, children in the malaria-prone zones are more likely to sleep under a net (42 to 46 percent, respectively, compared with 61 to 73 percent). The percentage of children who slept under an LLIN the night before the survey increases with increasing wealth. Access to LLINs appears to be a key determinant of use. In households with at least one LLIN for every two people, 87 percent of children sleep under an LLIN. Moreover, zonal differences are not as great, with the use rate ranging from 74 percent in the semi-arid, seasonal transmission area to 82 percent in the lake endemic zone. Table 3.6 Use of mosquito nets by children Percentage of children under age 5 who, the night before the survey, slept under a mosquito net (treated or untreated), the percentage who slept under a long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN); among children under age 5 in households with at least one LLIN, the percentage who slept under an LLIN the night before the survey; and, among children under age 5 living in households with at least one LLIN for every two people, the percentage who slept under an LLIN the night before the survey, by background characteristics, <strong>Kenya</strong> 2015 Background characteristic Children under age 5 in all households Percentage who slept under any Percentage who mosquito net slept under an last night LLIN last night Number of children Children under age 5 in households with at least one LLIN Percentage who slept under an LLIN last night Number of children Children under age 5 living in households with at least one LLIN for every two people Percentage who slept under an LLIN last night in households with an LLIN for every two people Number Age (in months)
Figure 3.5 Use of an LLIN by children under age 5 Total RESIDENCE Urban Rural MALARIA ENDEMICITY Highland epidemic Lake endemic Coast endemic Semi-arid, seasonal Low risk WEALTH QUINTILE Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest 40 42 Percent 46 54 56 60 61 57 61 63 67 73 72 KMIS 2015 3.2.3 Use of Mosquito Nets by Pregnant Women In malaria endemic areas, adults usually have acquired some degree of immunity to severe, life-threatening malaria. However, pregnancy leads to depression of the immune system, and thus pregnant women, especially those in their first pregnancy, have a higher risk of malaria. During pregnancy, women can reduce their risk of adverse malaria effects by sleeping under LLINs. Table 3.7 shows that 58 percent of pregnant women age 15-49 slept under an LLIN the night before the survey, an increase from 36 percent reported in the 2010 KMIS. The KMIS found, as expected, that net use by pregnant women is directly related to access to nets within a household. In households with at least one LLIN, 82 percent of pregnant women slept under an LLIN the previous night. Looking at the socioeconomic differences in net use, the percentage of pregnant women who slept under an LLIN the previous night was higher in urban (61 percent) than in rural areas (57 percent). Net usage was lowest among pregnant women with no education (37 percent) and those in the lowest wealth quintile (35 percent). Finally, a principal goal of <strong>Kenya</strong> National Malaria Strategy (2009-2018) (revised 2014) is to have at least 80 percent of all pregnant women living in malaria-risk areas sleeping under an LLIN every night. In the effort to achieve that goal, the lake and coast endemic areas and the highland epidemic-prone areas are being targeted for mass and routine LLIN distribution. Table 3.7 shows that these three regions had substantially higher rates of LLIN usage by pregnant women than the semiarid, seasonal and low risk transmission zones. Overall, the proportion of pregnant women sleeping under an LLIN ranged from 41 percent in the semi-arid, seasonal transmission zones to a high of 83 percent in the coast endemic region. Vector Control • 39
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REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF HEALT
Page 4 and 5: The 2015 Kenya Malaria Indicator Su
Page 6 and 7: 3.2 Use of Mosquito Nets ..........
Page 8 and 9: Table 5.4 Attitudes towards treatme
Page 11: Acknowledgements • ix
Page 14 and 15: currently owned by households in Ke
Page 16 and 17: xiv • Map of Kenya
Page 19 and 20: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
Page 21 and 22: ate declined from 3.3 to 2.9 percen
Page 23 and 24: with climate change are likely to i
Page 25 and 26: Group and were translated into Kisw
Page 27 and 28: lumefantrine to those who tested po
Page 29: underwent malaria microscopy testin
Page 33 and 34: 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND
Page 35 and 36: 2.1.2 Household Sanitation Faciliti
Page 37 and 38: A majority of households own a mobi
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.6 Household population by a
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Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.1 compares LLIN ownership
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.2 Source and cost of mosqui
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.3 Access to an LLIN by the
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Page 65 and 66: 4 MALARIA IN PREGNANCY Key Findings
Page 67 and 68: To assess the use of IPTp, the 2015
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Page 73 and 74: 5 CASE MANAGEMENT Key Findings •
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Page 77 and 78: Table 5.2 Source of advice or treat
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Page 85 and 86: 6 MALARIA AND ANAEMIA IN CHILDREN K
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Page 91 and 92: Table 6.4 Prevalence of anaemia Per
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Page 96 and 97: MEASURE Evaluation, Roll Back Malar
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.7 Sampling errors: Coast en
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table D.2 Prevalence of malaria in
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Table D.4 Prevalence of anaemia in
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Table D.6 Comparison of malaria and
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APPENDIX E SURVEY PERSONNEL NATIONA
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LOGISTICIAN Robert Mwaura FIELD TEA
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ICF INTERNATIONAL Sara K. Head Joy
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MALARIA CONTROL UNIT KENYA NATIONAL
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INTRODUCTION AND CONSENT ADMINISTER
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE LINE NO. USUAL R
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS NO. QUEST
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MOSQUITO NET ROSTER NET #1 NET #2 N
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SOURCE AND USES OF MOSQUITO NETS NO
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SOURCE AND USES OF MOSQUITO NETS NO
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS TO BE FI
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUND
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SECTION 2. REPRODUCTION 212 Now I'd
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SECTION 3. PREGNANCY AND INTERMITTE
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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SECTION 4A. KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES
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CHILD 1 CHILD 2 CHILD 3 NAME NAME N
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HEMOGLOBIN MEASUREMENT AND MALARIA
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6 121 122 123
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