HTML and CSS design and build websites

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CSS Frameworks CSS frameworks aim to make your life easier by providing the code for common tasks, such as creating layout grids, styling forms, creating printer-friendly versions of pages and so on. You can include the CSS framework code in your projects rather than writing the CSS from scratch. ADVANTAGES ●● They save you from repeatedly writing code for the same tasks. ●● They will have been tested across different browser versions (which helps avoid browser bugs). DISADVANTAGES ●● They often require that you use class names in your HTML code that only control the presentation of the page (rather than describe its content). ●● In order to satisfy a wide variety of needs, they often contain more code than you need for your particular web page (commonly referred to as code “bloat”). Introducing the 960.GS CSS Framework One of the most popular uses of CSS frameworks is in creating grids to layout pages. There are several grid frameworks out there, but the one we will be looking at over the next few pages is the 960 Grid System (available at www.960.gs). 960.gs provides a style sheet that you can include in your HTML pages. Once our page links to this style sheet, you can provide the appropriate classes to your HTML code and it will create multiple column layouts for you. The 960.gs website also provides templates you can download to help design your pages using a 12 column grid. (In addition, there is a variation on the grid that uses 16 columns.) To create a 12 column grid, an element that contains the entire page is given a class attibute whose value is container_12. This sets the content of the page to be 960 pixels wide and indicates that we are using a 12 column grid. There are different classes for blocks that take up 1, 2, 3, 4, and up to 12 columns of the grid. Each block uses class names such as grid_3 (for a block that stretches over three columns), grid_4 (for a block that stretches over 4 columns) and and so on through to grid_12 (for a box that is the full width of the page). These columns all float to the left, and there is a 10 pixel margin to the left and the right of each one. There are several other gridbased CSS frameworks available online, such as those at: blueprintcss.org lessframework.com developer.yahoo.com/yui/ grids/ 391 LAYOUT
Using the 960.GS Grid Below you can see a sample layout of a page just like the fixed width page example. On the next page, we will recreate this using the 960.gs stylesheet. Instead of writing our own CSS to control layout, we will need to add classes to the HTML indicating how wide each section should be. 940 px 940 px 940 px 300 px 300 px 300 px 940 px LAYOUT 392
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HTML & CSS Design and Build Website
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Credits For John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Contents Introduction Chapter 1: St
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Firstly, thank you for picking up t
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Is it hard to Learn? Many books tha
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How People Access the Web Before we
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How the Web Works When you visit a
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1 Structure XX XX XX Understanding
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STRUCTURE 14
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STRUCTURE 16
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STRUCTURE 18
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HTML Describes the Structure of Pag
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Tags act like containers. They tell
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Character left-angle bracket (less
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HTML5 allows you to use uppercase a
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Anything written between the tags
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Article 3 Go to the File menu and s
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Article 3 Now go to the File menu a
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altering one template is a lot easi
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STRUCTURE 36
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2 Text XX XX XX Headings and paragr
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TEXT 42
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Paragraphs Article HTML chapter-02/
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Superscript Article & Subscript HTM
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Line Breaks Article & Horizontal Ru
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Semantic Markup There are some text
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Quotations Article HTML chapter-02/
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Citations Article & Definitions HTM
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Changes to Content Article HTML cha
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Example TEXT This is a very simple
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3 Lists XX XX XX Numbered lists Bul
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LISTS 64
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Unordered Article Lists HTML chapte
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Nested Article Lists HTML chapter-0
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Example LISTS Here you can see a ma
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4 Links XX XX XX Creating links bet
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LINKS 76
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The text between the opening tag a
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Linking to Other Article Pages on t
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Parent The examplearts folder is a
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Relative Link Type example (from di
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Opening Article Links in a New Wind
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Linking to a Specific Article Part
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Example LINKS This example is of a
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5 Images XX XX XX How to add images
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IMAGES 96
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Storing Images on Your Site If you
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Height & Article Width of Images HT
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Article Result Where you place the
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Article Result This looks a lot nea
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Article Result The value of top pla
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Tools to Edit & Save Images There a
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DESIGN RESEARCH Image Formats: GIF
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Image Dimensions The images you use
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Image Resolution Images created for
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Animated GIFs Animated GIFs show se
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Examining Images on the Web Checkin
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In this example, the logo is a GIF
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Summary IMAGES X X XX XX XX The el
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There are several types of informat
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129 TABLES
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Basic Table Structure The element
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Spanning ColumnS Sometimes you may
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Long Tables There are three element
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Old Code: Width & Spacing There are
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This example shows a table for cust
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Summary TABLES X X XX XX XX The el
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Traditionally, the term 'form' has
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Why Forms? The best known form on t
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How Forms Work A user fills in a fo
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Form Structure Form controls live
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Password Input type="password" Whe
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Radio Button type="radio" Radio bu
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Drop Down List Box A drop down lis
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File Input Box If you want to allo
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Image Button type="image" If you w
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Labelling Form Controls When intro
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HTML5: Form Validation You have pro
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HTML5: Email & URL Input HTML5 has
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169 FORMS
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Example FORMS Forms Your Det
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Summary FORMS XX XX XX XX Whenever
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At this point, we have covered the
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The Evolution of HTML Since the web
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DOCTYPEs Because there have been se
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ID Attribute Every HTML element can
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Block Elements Some elements will a
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Grouping Text & Elements In a Block
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IFrames An iframe is like a little
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Information About Your Pages The
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Escape Characters There are some ch
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This example starts by using a DOCT
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Summary EXTRA MARKUP X X DOCTYPES t
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Flash is a very popular technology
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How Flash Works Since the late 1990
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Timeline: Flash, VidEo & Audio Web
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Adding a Flash Movie to Your Web Pa
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Understanding Video Formats and Pla
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Preparing a Flash Video for Your Si
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HTML5: Preparing Video for Your Pag
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HTML5: Multiple Video Sources To s
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Adding Audio to Web Pages By far th
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HTML5: Adding HTML5 Audio to Your P
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221 FLASH, VIDEO & AUDIO
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Summary FLASH, VIDEO & AUDIO XX XX
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In this section, we will look at ho
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Understanding CSS: Thinking Inside
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CSS Associates Style rules with HTM
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233 INTRODUCING CSS
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Using External CSS The element ca
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CSS Selectors There are many differ
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How Css Rules Cascade If there are
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Why use External Style Sheets? When
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Summary INTRODUCING CSS XX XX XX XX
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Color can really bring your pages t
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Foreground Color color The color pr
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Understanding Color Every color on
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Contrast When picking foreground an
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CSS3: HSL Colors CSS3 introduces an
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257 COLOR
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Example COLOR Color body { back
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Summary COLOR XX XX XX XX XX XX Col
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The properties that allow you to co
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Typeface Terminology Serif Serif fo
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Choosing a Typeface for your Websit
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Techniques That Offer a Wider Choic
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Specifying Typefaces font-family Th
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Type Scales You may have noticed th
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More Font Choice @font-face @font-f
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Bold font-weight The font-weight pr
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UpperCase & LowerCase text-transfor
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Leading line-height Leading (pronou
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Alignment text-align The text-align
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Indenting Text text-indent The text
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First Letter or Line :first-letter,
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Responding to Users :hover, :active
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293 TEXT
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Example TEXT Text body { paddin
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Summary TEXT XX XX XX XX XX There a
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At the beginning of this section on
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Article Box Dimensions width, heigh
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Article Limiting Height min-height,
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Border, Margin & Padding Every box
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Article Border Width border-width T
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Article Border Color border-color Y
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Article Padding padding The padding
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Article Centering Content If you wa
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Article Change Inline/Block display
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Article CSS3: Border Images border-
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Article CSS3: Rounded Corners borde
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323 BOXES
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Example BOXES Boxes body { font
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Summary BOXES XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
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There are several CSS properties th
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Article Bullet Point Styles list-st
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Article Positioning the Marker list
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Article Table Properties You have a
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Article Border on Empty Cells empty
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Page 350 and 351: Article Styling Submit Buttons Here
Page 352 and 353: Article Aligning Form Controls: Pro
Page 354 and 355: Article Cursor Styles cursor The cu
Page 356 and 357: 349 LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS
Page 358 and 359: Example LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS
Page 360 and 361: Example LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS bac
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Page 366 and 367: In this chapter we are going to loo
Page 368 and 369: Key Concepts in Positioning Element
Page 370 and 371: Controlling the Position of Element
Page 372 and 373: Article Normal Flow position:static
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Page 376 and 377: Article Overlapping Elements z-inde
Page 378 and 379: Article Using Float to Place Elemen
Page 380 and 381: Article Parents of Floated Elements
Page 382 and 383: Article Creating Multi-Column Layou
Page 384 and 385: Screen Sizes Different visitors to
Page 386 and 387: Page Sizes Because screen sizes and
Page 388 and 389: Fixed Width Layouts Fixed width lay
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Page 392 and 393: Article Liquid Layout The liquid la
Page 394 and 395: Layout Grids Composition in any vis
Page 396 and 397: Possible Layouts: 960 Pixel wide 12
Page 400 and 401: Article Grid-Based Layout Using 960
Page 402 and 403: Article Multiple Style Sheets @impo
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Page 406 and 407: Example LAYOUT
Page 408 and 409: Example LAYOUT .more-articles p:las
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Page 414 and 415: Controlling the size and alignment
Page 416 and 417: Article Controlling sizes of images
Page 418 and 419: Article AligNing images Using CSS I
Page 420 and 421: Background Images background-image
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Page 424 and 425: Article Image Rollovers & Sprites U
Page 426 and 427: Article CSS3: Gradients background-
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Page 436 and 437: HTML5 is introducing a new set of e
Page 438 and 439: Traditional HTML Layouts For a long
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Linking Around Block-Level Elements
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443 HTML5 LAYOUT
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Example HTML5 LAYOUT HTML5 Layou
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Example HTML5 LAYOUT margin: 10px 0
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Summary HTML5 LAYOUT XX XX XX XX Th
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This section discusses a process th
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Who is the Site For? Every website
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Why People Visit YOUR Website Now t
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What Information Your Visitors Need
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Site Maps Now that you know what ne
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WireFrames A wireframe is a simple
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Getting your message across using d
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Visual hierarchy Most web users do
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grouping and Similarity When making
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Designing Navigation Site navigatio
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Summary PROCESS & Design XX XX XX X
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To wrap up the book we are going to
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO) SE
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How to Identify Keywords and Phrase
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Analytics: Learning about your Visi
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What Are Your Visitors Looking At?
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Domain Names & Hosting In order to
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FTP & Third Party Tools To transfer
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Summary PRACTICAL INFORMATION XX XX
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# symbol (links) 87, 88 _blank 86
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E e-commerce 33 editing content 56
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J JavaScript 208, 212, 218 JPEG 109
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send to back 369 serif typefaces 26
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TroubleShooting Here are a few prob
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HTML Elements 77, 79, 85, 441 53
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CSS Properties background-attachmen
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