HTML and CSS design and build websites

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Directory Structure On larger websites it's a good idea to organize your code by placing the pages for each different section of the site into a new folder. Folders on a website are sometimes referred to as directories. Structure The diagram on the right shows the directory structure for a fictional entertainment listings website called ExampleArts. Relationships The relationship between files and folders on a website is described using the same terminology as a family tree. Homepages The main homepage of a site written in HTML (and the homepages of each section in a child folder) is called index.html. The top-level folder is known as the root folder. (In this example, the root folder is called examplearts.) The root folder contains all of the other files and folders for a website. Each section of the site is placed in a separate folder; this helps organize the files. In the diagram on the right, you can see some relationships have been drawn in. The examplearts folder is a parent of the movies, music and theater folders. And the the movies, music and theater folders are children of the examplearts folder. Web servers are usually set up to return the index.html file if no file name is specified. Therefore, if you enter examplearts.com it will return examplearts.com/index .html, and examplearts.com/ music will return examplearts .com/music/index.html. If you are working with a content management system, blogging software, or an e-commerce system, you might not have individual files for each page of the website. Instead, these systems often use one template file for each different type of page (such as news articles, blog posts, or products). Editing the template file would change all of the pages that use that template. Do not change any code that is not HTML or you may break the page. 81 LINKS
Parent The examplearts folder is a parent of the music folder. Child The music folder is a child of the examplearts folder. examplearts index.html images logo.gif movies cinema index.html listings.html reviews.html dvd index.html reviews.html index.html music index.html listings.html reviews.html theater index.html listings.html reviews.html Grandparent The examplearts folder is a grandparent of the dvd folder. Grandchild The dvd folder is a grandchild of the examplearts folder. Every page and every image on a website has a URL (or Uniform Resource Locator). The URL is made up of the domain name followed by the path to that page or image. The path to the homepage of this site is www.examplearts .com/index.html. The path to the logo for the site is examplearts.com/images/ logo.gif. You use URLs when linking to other web pages and when including images in your own site. On the next page, you will meet a shorthand way to link to files on your own site. The root folder contains: Each sub-directory contains: The movies section contains: ●● A file called index.html which is the homepage for the entire site ●● A file called index.html which is the homepage for that section ●● ●● A folder called cinema A folder called DVD. ●● Individual folders for the movies, music and theatre sections of the site ●● ●● A reviews page called reviews .html A listings page called listings .html (except for the DVD section) LINKS 82
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HTML & CSS Design and Build Website
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Credits For John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Contents Introduction Chapter 1: St
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Firstly, thank you for picking up t
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Is it hard to Learn? Many books tha
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How People Access the Web Before we
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How the Web Works When you visit a
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1 Structure XX XX XX Understanding
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STRUCTURE 14
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STRUCTURE 16
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STRUCTURE 18
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HTML Describes the Structure of Pag
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Tags act like containers. They tell
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Character left-angle bracket (less
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HTML5 allows you to use uppercase a
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Anything written between the tags
Page 37 and 38: Article 3 Go to the File menu and s
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Page 41 and 42: altering one template is a lot easi
Page 43: STRUCTURE 36
Page 47 and 48: 2 Text XX XX XX Headings and paragr
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Page 51 and 52: Paragraphs Article HTML chapter-02/
Page 53 and 54: Superscript Article & Subscript HTM
Page 55 and 56: Line Breaks Article & Horizontal Ru
Page 57 and 58: Semantic Markup There are some text
Page 59 and 60: Quotations Article HTML chapter-02/
Page 61 and 62: Citations Article & Definitions HTM
Page 63 and 64: Changes to Content Article HTML cha
Page 65: Example TEXT This is a very simple
Page 69 and 70: 3 Lists XX XX XX Numbered lists Bul
Page 71 and 72: LISTS 64
Page 73 and 74: Unordered Article Lists HTML chapte
Page 75 and 76: Nested Article Lists HTML chapter-0
Page 77: Example LISTS Here you can see a ma
Page 81 and 82: 4 Links XX XX XX Creating links bet
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Page 85 and 86: The text between the opening tag a
Page 87: Linking to Other Article Pages on t
Page 91 and 92: Relative Link Type example (from di
Page 93 and 94: Opening Article Links in a New Wind
Page 95 and 96: Linking to a Specific Article Part
Page 97: Example LINKS This example is of a
Page 101 and 102: 5 Images XX XX XX How to add images
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Page 105 and 106: Storing Images on Your Site If you
Page 107 and 108: Height & Article Width of Images HT
Page 109 and 110: Article Result Where you place the
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Page 113 and 114: Article Result The value of top pla
Page 115 and 116: Tools to Edit & Save Images There a
Page 118 and 119: DESIGN RESEARCH Image Formats: GIF
Page 120 and 121: Image Dimensions The images you use
Page 122 and 123: Image Resolution Images created for
Page 124 and 125: Animated GIFs Animated GIFs show se
Page 126 and 127: Examining Images on the Web Checkin
Page 128 and 129: In this example, the logo is a GIF
Page 131: Summary IMAGES X X XX XX XX The el
Page 134 and 135: There are several types of informat
Page 136 and 137: 129 TABLES
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Basic Table Structure The element
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Spanning ColumnS Sometimes you may
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Long Tables There are three element
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Old Code: Width & Spacing There are
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This example shows a table for cust
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Summary TABLES X X XX XX XX The el
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Traditionally, the term 'form' has
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Why Forms? The best known form on t
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How Forms Work A user fills in a fo
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Form Structure Form controls live
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Password Input type="password" Whe
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Radio Button type="radio" Radio bu
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Drop Down List Box A drop down lis
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File Input Box If you want to allo
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Image Button type="image" If you w
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Labelling Form Controls When intro
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HTML5: Form Validation You have pro
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HTML5: Email & URL Input HTML5 has
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169 FORMS
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Example FORMS Forms Your Det
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Summary FORMS XX XX XX XX Whenever
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At this point, we have covered the
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The Evolution of HTML Since the web
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DOCTYPEs Because there have been se
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ID Attribute Every HTML element can
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Block Elements Some elements will a
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Grouping Text & Elements In a Block
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IFrames An iframe is like a little
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Information About Your Pages The
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Escape Characters There are some ch
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This example starts by using a DOCT
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Summary EXTRA MARKUP X X DOCTYPES t
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Flash is a very popular technology
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How Flash Works Since the late 1990
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Timeline: Flash, VidEo & Audio Web
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Adding a Flash Movie to Your Web Pa
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Understanding Video Formats and Pla
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Preparing a Flash Video for Your Si
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HTML5: Preparing Video for Your Pag
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HTML5: Multiple Video Sources To s
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Adding Audio to Web Pages By far th
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HTML5: Adding HTML5 Audio to Your P
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221 FLASH, VIDEO & AUDIO
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Summary FLASH, VIDEO & AUDIO XX XX
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In this section, we will look at ho
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Understanding CSS: Thinking Inside
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CSS Associates Style rules with HTM
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233 INTRODUCING CSS
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Using External CSS The element ca
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CSS Selectors There are many differ
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How Css Rules Cascade If there are
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Why use External Style Sheets? When
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Summary INTRODUCING CSS XX XX XX XX
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Color can really bring your pages t
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Foreground Color color The color pr
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Understanding Color Every color on
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Contrast When picking foreground an
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CSS3: HSL Colors CSS3 introduces an
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257 COLOR
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Example COLOR Color body { back
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Summary COLOR XX XX XX XX XX XX Col
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The properties that allow you to co
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Typeface Terminology Serif Serif fo
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Choosing a Typeface for your Websit
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Techniques That Offer a Wider Choic
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Specifying Typefaces font-family Th
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Type Scales You may have noticed th
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More Font Choice @font-face @font-f
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Bold font-weight The font-weight pr
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UpperCase & LowerCase text-transfor
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Leading line-height Leading (pronou
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Alignment text-align The text-align
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Indenting Text text-indent The text
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First Letter or Line :first-letter,
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Responding to Users :hover, :active
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293 TEXT
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Example TEXT Text body { paddin
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Summary TEXT XX XX XX XX XX There a
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At the beginning of this section on
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Article Box Dimensions width, heigh
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Article Limiting Height min-height,
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Border, Margin & Padding Every box
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Article Border Width border-width T
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Article Border Color border-color Y
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Article Padding padding The padding
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Article Centering Content If you wa
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Article Change Inline/Block display
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Article CSS3: Border Images border-
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Article CSS3: Rounded Corners borde
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323 BOXES
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Example BOXES Boxes body { font
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Summary BOXES XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
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There are several CSS properties th
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Article Bullet Point Styles list-st
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Article Positioning the Marker list
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Article Table Properties You have a
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Article Border on Empty Cells empty
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Styling Forms Nobody I know enjoys
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Article Styling Submit Buttons Here
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Article Aligning Form Controls: Pro
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Article Cursor Styles cursor The cu
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349 LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS
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Example LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS
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Example LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS bac
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Summary LISTS, TABLES AND FORMS XX
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In this chapter we are going to loo
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Key Concepts in Positioning Element
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Controlling the Position of Element
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Article Normal Flow position:static
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Article Absolute Positioning positi
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Article Overlapping Elements z-inde
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Article Using Float to Place Elemen
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Article Parents of Floated Elements
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Article Creating Multi-Column Layou
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Screen Sizes Different visitors to
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Page Sizes Because screen sizes and
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Fixed Width Layouts Fixed width lay
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Article Fixed Width Layout To creat
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Article Liquid Layout The liquid la
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Layout Grids Composition in any vis
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Possible Layouts: 960 Pixel wide 12
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CSS Frameworks CSS frameworks aim t
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Article Grid-Based Layout Using 960
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Article Multiple Style Sheets @impo
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397 LAYOUT
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Example LAYOUT
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Example LAYOUT .more-articles p:las
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Summary LAYOUT X X elements are of
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Controlling the size and alignment
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Article Controlling sizes of images
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Article AligNing images Using CSS I
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Background Images background-image
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Background Position background-posi
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Article Image Rollovers & Sprites U
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Article CSS3: Gradients background-
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421 IMAGES
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Example IMAGES Images body { co
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Summary IMAGES XX XX XX XX XX XX Yo
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HTML5 is introducing a new set of e
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Traditional HTML Layouts For a long
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Headers & Footers The and eleme
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Articles The element acts as a co
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Sections The element groups relat
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Figures You already met the elem
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Linking Around Block-Level Elements
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443 HTML5 LAYOUT
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Example HTML5 LAYOUT HTML5 Layou
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Example HTML5 LAYOUT margin: 10px 0
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Summary HTML5 LAYOUT XX XX XX XX Th
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This section discusses a process th
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Who is the Site For? Every website
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Why People Visit YOUR Website Now t
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What Information Your Visitors Need
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Site Maps Now that you know what ne
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WireFrames A wireframe is a simple
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Getting your message across using d
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Visual hierarchy Most web users do
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grouping and Similarity When making
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Designing Navigation Site navigatio
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Summary PROCESS & Design XX XX XX X
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To wrap up the book we are going to
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO) SE
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How to Identify Keywords and Phrase
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Analytics: Learning about your Visi
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What Are Your Visitors Looking At?
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Domain Names & Hosting In order to
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FTP & Third Party Tools To transfer
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Summary PRACTICAL INFORMATION XX XX
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# symbol (links) 87, 88 _blank 86
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E e-commerce 33 editing content 56
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J JavaScript 208, 212, 218 JPEG 109
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send to back 369 serif typefaces 26
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TroubleShooting Here are a few prob
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HTML Elements 77, 79, 85, 441 53
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CSS Properties background-attachmen
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