Asteroid Comet Impact Hazards - Florida International University

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THREE STAGES IN METEORITE RESEARCH ● interrogation of eyewitnesses over a vast area from the Yenissey to the Lena Rivers. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT RESULTS OF THE SECOND STAGE (published in the proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics at Novosibirsk and in other Russian publications, 1960s through 1990s ): proof of the high-altitude explosion of a bolide, 30 June 1908, by various methods (altitude of 6 + - 1 km) estimate of explosion energy by various methods ( 20 to 40 megatons) discovery and analysis of magnetograms that prove to be identical to magnetograms generated by man-made magnetic storms resulting from nuclear tests correlations of thermoluminescent anomalies with the distribution of tree burn scars prominent mutant anomaly of pine trees over the site of the explosion discovery of unusual cosmochemical anomalies of lanthanoids in the soil and peat of the area Spectral analysis has identified chemical elements claimed to be probable traces of matter of the Tunguska object: Yb, Eu, Tm, La, Ce, Na, Zn, Pb, Ba, Sr, Ta, W, Ag, Au, Ir, Ni, Co, and C ( carbon probably in the form of graphite). The microscopic silicaceous spherules discovered may also be the melt dust of the cosmic object. The Italian expedition to the Tunguska site in 1991 provided new and interesting data (G. Longo et al., 1994). Analytical electron microscopy showed that micro-sized particles trapped in tree resin at the time of the explosion contain chemical elements typical of stony meteorites. Unfortunately, analysis for the presence of lanthanoids has not been done as of this writing. An unexpected outcome of the data of the many interdisciplinary explorations conducted with modern scientific techniques at the second stage is the contradiction of earlier simple models. Neither the cometary model nor the stony asteroid model is supported by all the data, accumulated by three generations of 20-th century scientists (Zhuravlyov and Zigel, 1994). THE THIRD STAGE in the Tunguska meteorite research is now beginning. The report of Vladimir Vorobyev, presented during the international conference (Vorobyev, 1994), may be considered the starting point of this stage. Vorobyev drew to the attention of the scientific community the scientific and cultural importance of the vast store of data so far collected about the Tunguska Event. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a computer data bank of Tunguska phenomenon and integrate those data with geoinformation systems. System analysis is now the key direction. Under the initiative of Academician Professor Anatoly S. Alekseev, director of the Computing Center in Novosibirsk Academgorodok, the organization of an international data bank ("Tunguska Catastrophe") on the Internet has begun. It represents work of the international scientific community to make this unique data available for assimilation and analysis for the reconstruction of the Tunguska phenomenon. Now users of the Internet can have access to this information in order to adapt it to model ecological, geophysical, medicalbiological, and other aspects of the Tunguska Event Additionally, the data bank will prove useful to those working on problems associated with the global protection of Earth from collision with near-Earth Objects. These data also can be useful to those involved in developing related to earthquake, volcano, and other such calamitous occurrences. REFERENCES http://www.galisteo.com/tunguska/docs/3stages.html (3 of 4)12/5/2005 4:31:22 PM
THREE STAGES IN METEORITE RESEARCH ● Andreev,G.V., Goldin,V.D., Vasilyev,N.V., The 1908 Tunguska catastrophe: consequences and prospects for research. Problem of the Earth protection from collision with dangerous near-Earth objects (SPE-94), Theses, part I, 86 - 87, Snezhinsk, 1994. ● Cowan C., Atluri C.R. and Libby W.F. Possible anti-matter content of the Tunguska meteor of 1908. Nature, Lond. 206, No 4987, 861 - 865, 1965. ● Krinov E.L., Tungusskij meteorit. Izdatelstvo Akademii nauk,Moskva, 1949. ● Longo G., Serra R., Cecchini S., and Galli M., Search for microremnants of the Tunguska cosmic body, Planet. Space Sci. 42, 163 - 177, 1994. ● Pasechnik, I.,P., Otsenka parametrov vzryva Tungusskogo meteorita po sejsmicheskim i mikrobarograficheskim dannym, In: Kosmicheskoe veshchestvo na Zemle. 24 -25, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1976. ● Plekhanov, G.F., Kovalevsky A.F., Zhuravlyov V.K., Vasilyev N .V., O vlijanii vzryva Tungusskogo meteorita na geomagnitnoe pole, Geologija i geophysika, 6, 94 - 96, 1961. ● Vasilyev, N.V., The enigma of century. Science in the USSR 1, 8 - 9, 1985. ● Vasilyev, N.V. and Fast N.P., Anomalous optical phenomena caused by Tungus meteorite fall, Gerlands Beitr. zur Geophys., 81, 433 - 438, 1972. ● Vorobyev, V.A., The current state of the data set on consequences of the Tunguska catastrophe and possible ways for its saving, <strong>International</strong> Conference "Problems of the Earth protection from collision with dangerous near-Earth objects (SPE-94)". Theses, part II, 18 -20, Snezhinsk, 1994. ● Zhuravlyov, V.K., Zigel, F.Yu., Tungusskoe divo (The history of investigation of the Tunguska meteorite), Novosibirsk, Tseris, 1994. ● Zolotov, A.V., Problema Tungusskoj katastrofy 1908 g., Nauka i tekhnika, Minsk, 1969. ● * <strong>International</strong> Institute of Cosmic Antropology, prosp. ● Timakova, 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia http://www.galisteo.com/tunguska/docs/3stages.html (4 of 4)12/5/2005 4:31:22 PM
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