Asteroid Comet Impact Hazards - Florida International University

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Torino <strong>Impact</strong> Scale What is it for? [ Download the Category Descriptions for the Torino Scale ] [ Download a high-resolution version of this image ] The Torino Scale is a "Richter Scale" for categorizing the Earth impact hazard associated http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/torino.cfm (2 of 6)12/5/2005 4:24:16 PM
Torino <strong>Impact</strong> Scale with newly discovered asteroids and comets. It is intended to serve as a communication tool for astronomers and the public to assess the seriousness of predictions of close encounters by asteroids and comets during the 21st century. [ top ] Why is the Torino Scale needed? When a new asteroid or comet is discovered, predictions for where the object will be months or decades in the future are naturally uncertain. These uncertainties arise because the discovery observations typically involve measurements over only a short orbital track and because all measurements have some limit in their precision. Fortunately, for the majority of objects, even the initial calculations are sufficient to show that they will not make any close passes by the Earth within the next century. However, for some objects, 21st century close approaches and possible collisions with the Earth cannot be completely ruled out. [ top ] How does the Torino Scale Work? The Torino Scale utilizes numbers that range from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates an object has a zero or negligibly small chance of collision with the Earth. (Zero is also used to categorize any object that is too small to penetrate the Earth's atmosphere intact, in the event that a collision does occur.) A 10 indicates that a collision is certain, and the impacting object is so large that it is capable of precipitating a global climatic disaster. The Torino Scale is color coded from white to yellow to orange to red. Each color code has an overall meaning: http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/torino.cfm (3 of 6)12/5/2005 4:24:16 PM ● White - "No Hazard" meaning they are virtually certain to miss Earth or are so small that any impact would almost certainly dissipate in the atmosphere. White corresponds to category 0. ● Green - "Normal" refers to objects that have predictable close approaches with some very small, but not seriously concerning, chance of a collision. Nonetheless, prudence dictates their orbits should be tracked closely so that the collision chance becomes refined, and probably in all cases, will ultimately be reclassified within Torino Scale category zero. Green corresponds to category 1. ● Yellow - "Meriting attention by astronomers" are close approaches by objects that have higher collision chances than the Earth typically experiences over a few decades. These are object for which refinement of the orbit is of high priority. Yellow corresponds to categories 2, 3, 4. ● Orange - "Threatening" refers to close encounters with objects that are large enough to cause regional or global devastation, where the chance of collision greatly exceeds the level that typically occurs within a given century. These are objects for which refinement of the orbits are an extreme priority. Orange corresponds to categories 5, 6,7. ● Red - "Certain collisions" refers to objects that are certain to collide with Earth having sufficient size to likely penetrate the atmosphere with the capability to cause either local damage, regional devastation, or a global climatic catastrophe. Red corresponds
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Potentially Hazardous Asteroids Pla
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Potentially Hazardous Asteroids Rel
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Asteroid 1997 XF11 (Earth Close-App
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Related Links 12/5/2005 Related Lin
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Related Links The Spacewatch Projec
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Documents Tunguska Home Documents B
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THE TUNGUSKA METEORITE PROBLEM TODA
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The Sky Has Split Apart - The Cosmi
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Report on the Tunguska Internationa
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Report on the Tunguska Internationa
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GEOMAGNETIC EFFECTS AS ONE ASPECT O
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THREE STAGES IN METEORITE RESEARCH
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THREE STAGES IN METEORITE RESEARCH
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NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID TRACKING orbit
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Asteroid Comet Impact Hazards - Florida International University

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