- Page 1: CALF INTESTINAL HEALTH: ASSESSMENT
- Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must thank my pa
- Page 7 and 8: DISCUSSION ........................
- Page 9 and 10: The resultant growth delay may have
- Page 11 and 12: High [cAMP] causes Cl - secretion i
- Page 13 and 14: paracellular flux, possibly due to
- Page 15 and 16: Finally, thorough understanding of
- Page 17 and 18: Soberon, F., E. Raffrenato, R. W. E
- Page 19 and 20: On the other hand, gut health as me
- Page 21 and 22: At the farm level though, these sco
- Page 23 and 24: of the new born calf with the proba
- Page 25 and 26: From exploratory plots (Figure 2.1)
- Page 27 and 28: transported to the laboratory for i
- Page 29 and 30: hypothesized, a quadratic function
- Page 31 and 32: Effect of age, GIT region and FPT o
- Page 33 and 34: coefficients vary from one to the o
- Page 35 and 36: passive immunity status (Chase et a
- Page 37 and 38: mucosa (Wyatt, 2000). Thus, for ins
- Page 39 and 40: Finally, more indicators of gut hea
- Page 41 and 42: Table 2.2. Estimated fixed effects,
- Page 43 and 44: Table 2.5. Effect of GIT locations,
- Page 45 and 46: a b c d Figure 2.1. Exploratory plo
- Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.4.Estimated probability of
- Page 49 and 50: NAHMS. 2010. National animal health
- Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER III MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION
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considered a monogastric (Orskov, 1
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals, Feed
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their nearest relative with a seque
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Microbial Community Composition. Th
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Intestinal SCFA Concentrations. Col
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ages, there is a visually evident d
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for most of the abundance differenc
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The PERMANOVA results (Table 3.13)
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In contrast, the rumen underwent ma
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lactate metabolism through extensiv
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CONCLUSION The rumen and colon of i
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Table 3.3. Regression coefficients
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Table 3.8. Contribution by specific
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Table 3.10. Indicator index values
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Figure 3.1. Richness and Shannon In
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a) b) Stress: 0.18 Stress: 0.18 c)
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Bacterial motility proteins Aromati
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REFERENCES Anderson, M. J. 2001. A
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Gibson, G. R. and X. Wang. 1994. Re
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Sutton, J. D., A. D. McGilliard, M.
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than GOS supplemented animals. Size
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score and, within block, treatments
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from which 5 µm thick sections wer
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Afterwards, to visually explore the
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to estimate the expected number of
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abundance of one or many of the sev
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characterized by more abundant Lact
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Visceral Organs Size Supplementatio
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Average daily water intake at 2, 4
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absorptive capacities are progressi
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Regarding functionality, the transp
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TABLES AND FIGURES Table 4.1. Nutri
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Table 4.5. SIMPER for genera drivin
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Table 4.7. Regression coefficients
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Table 4.11. Least squares means ±
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Table 4.15. Least squares means ±
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Lactobacillus Clostridium Square ro
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REFERENCES Anderson, M. J. 2001. A
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Heinrichs, A., C. Jones and B. Hein
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CHAPTER V EVALUATION OF VARIOUS ADD
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of the umami flavor, into the duode
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Dosing of glucose was based on prev
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3% hydrogen peroxide (15 min). Sect
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Genes selected to represent the GLP
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protein were tested as covariates.
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significant. Table 5.5 and Figure 5
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(average calf BW = 50 kg), which, f
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species specific dose response surf
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Table 5.2. Gene ID, accession numbe
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Table 5.4. Treatment means for plas
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a b 3OMG Control Gluc Sweet GS 3OMG
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R = 0.8, p < 0.001 Figure 5.3. NMDS
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Margolskee, R. F., J. Dyer, Z. Kokr