MOBILIZING DEVELOPMENT
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63 Mobilizing Sustainable Transport for Development<br />
ENDNOTES<br />
1 United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2015: Habitat III<br />
Issue Paper 19 – Transport and Mobility (www.europeanhabitat.<br />
com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/19_Transport-and-Mobility.pdf).<br />
2 Zhao, X., Mahendra, A., Godfrey, N., Dalkmann, H., Rode, P., and<br />
Floater, G., 2015: The New Climate Economy – Technical Note:<br />
Unlocking the Power of Urban Transport Systems for Better<br />
Growth and a Better Climate (http://newclimateeconomy.report/<br />
workingpapers/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2016/04/Unlockingthe-power-of-urban-transport-systems_web.pdf).<br />
3 International Energy Agency: Energy Technology Perspectives<br />
(www.iea.org/etp).<br />
4 Lefevre, B., Chaudhary, A., Yavrom, D., and Srivastava, A., 2016: World<br />
Resources Institute – Working Paper: The Trillion Dollar Question II:<br />
Tracking Investment Needs in Transport (www.wri.org/publication/<br />
tracking-investment-needs-in-transport). The paper reviews<br />
and analyzes the estimates of global transport infrastructure<br />
requirements published by the International Energy Agency, the<br />
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),<br />
the World Economic Forum, the McKinsey Global Institute, the<br />
New Climate Economy, and the Institute for Transportation and<br />
Development Policy/University of California, Davis.<br />
5 International Energy Agency, 2013: Policy Pathways – A Tale of New<br />
Cities (www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/<br />
Renewed_Cities_WEB.pdf).<br />
6 World Economic Forum, 2013: Enabling Trade – Valuing<br />
Growth Opportunities (www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_SCT_<br />
EnablingTrade_Report_2013.pdf).<br />
7 United Nations: Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for<br />
Sustainable Development (https://sustainabledevelopment.<br />
un.org/post2015/transformingourworld).<br />
8 United Nations: Paris Agreement (https://sustainabledevelopment.<br />
un.org/frameworks/parisagreement).<br />
9 United Nations, 2015: Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third<br />
International Conference on Financing for Development (www.<br />
un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AAAA_Outcome.pdf).<br />
10 United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015: Sendai<br />
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (www.unisdr.org/<br />
we/inform/publications/43291).<br />
11 United Nations Human Settlements Programme: The New Urban<br />
Agenda (www.habitat3.org/the-new-urban-agenda).<br />
12 The World Bank: Transport (www.worldbank.org/en/topic/<br />
transport/overview).<br />
13 World Health Organization: Global Health Observatory Data –<br />
Road Traffic Deaths (www.who.int/gho/road_safety/mortality).<br />
14 United Nations: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform<br />
– Sustainable Transport (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/<br />
topics/sustainabletransport).<br />
15 United Nations: Meeting Coverage, Economic and Social<br />
Council, Session 2016, 38th Meeting (www.un.org/press/en/2016/<br />
ecosoc6787.doc.htm).<br />
16 International Association of Public Transport (UITP), 2009: Assessing<br />
the Benefits of Public Transport, Position Paper (www.uitp.org/sites/<br />
default/files/cck-focus-papers-files/01%20Assessing%20the%20<br />
benefits%20of%20public%20transport.pdf.<br />
Samek Lodovici, M. and Torchio, N. (2015): Social Inclusion in EU<br />
Public Transport, Study requested by the European Parliament’s<br />
Committee on Transport and Tourism (www.europarl.europa.eu/<br />
RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/540351/IPOL_STU(2015)540351_EN.pdf).<br />
Allen, H., Vanderschuren, M. and the University of Cape Town, 2016:<br />
Safe and Sound – International Research on Women’s Personal<br />
Safety on Public Transport, FIA Foundation Research Series, Paper 6<br />
(www.fiafoundation.org/media/224027/safe-and-sound-report.pdf).<br />
17 United Nations: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities<br />
(www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml).<br />
18 International Transport Forum, 3-4 March 2016: The Economic Benefits<br />
of Improved Accessibility to Transport Systems Roundtable, Paris,<br />
France, (www.itf-oecd.org/economic-benefits-improved-accessibilitytransport-systems-roundtable-0).<br />
International Transport Forum: Improving Transport Accessibility for<br />
All: Guide to Good Practice (www.itf-oecd.org/content/improvingtransport-accessibility-all-guide-good-practice).<br />
International Association of Public Transport (UITP), 2007: Tackling<br />
Social Exclusion – The Role of Public Transport, Position Paper<br />
(www.uitp.org/sites/default/files/cck-focus-papers-files/01%20<br />
TACKLING%20SOCIAL%20EXCLUSION%20THE%20ROLE%20OF%20<br />
PUBLIC%20TRANSPORT_0.pdf).<br />
19 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2014:<br />
World Urbanization Prospects, 2014 Revision (https://esa.un.org/<br />
unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf).<br />
20 International Transport Forum, 2013: Shifting Economic Mass<br />
towards Emerging Economies Shown in Global Freight Data<br />
(www.itf-oecd.org/shifting-economic-mass-towards-emergingeconomies-shown-global-freight-data).<br />
21 Allianz SE, 2015: The Megacity State: The World’s Biggest Cities<br />
Shaping Our Future (www.allianz.com/v_1448643898000/<br />
media/press/document/Allianz_Risk_Pulse_<br />
Megacities_20151130-EN.pdf).<br />
22 Knieling, J., 2014: Deutsche Gesellschaft für International<br />
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Discussion Paper Series:<br />
Metropolitan Regions: Definitions, Typologies and<br />
Recommendations for Development Cooperation (www2.giz.<br />
de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/Metropolitan-Regions_Definitions_<br />
Typologies.pdf).<br />
23 See discussion of economic drivers for informal transport in De<br />
Soto, H., 1989: The Other Path - The Invisible Revolution in the<br />
Third World.<br />
24 Central Intelligence Agency: The World Factbook (www.cia.<br />
gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/<br />
rankorder/2177rank.html#gm).<br />
25 Hult, T., Closs, D., and Frayer, D., 2013: How Global Should Your<br />
Supply Chains Be? (http://globaledge.msu.edu/content/gbr/<br />
gbr8-2.pdf).<br />
26 Bihn, F., 2015: The IT Advances That Are Boosting Ridership and<br />
Cutting Costs (www.uitp.org/news/publictransportITadvances).<br />
27 Lichterman, J., 2011: Automotive News (http://autoweek.com/<br />
article/green-cars/bill-ford-says-companys-fleet-will-be-25-<br />
percent-electrified-2020).<br />
28 The ‘Avoid-Shift-Improve’ approach was initially developed in the<br />
early 1990s in Germany as a way to structure policy measures to<br />
reduce the environmental impact of transport.<br />
29 United Nations, 2011: Bogotá Declaration – Sustainable Transport<br />
Objectives (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/<br />
documents/1605Bogota%20Declaration_discussed%20_ENG.pdf).<br />
30 International Energy Agency, 2015: CO 2<br />
Emissions<br />
From Fuel Combustion – Highlights (www.iea.<br />
org/publications/freepublications/publication/<br />
CO 2<br />
EmissionsFromFuelCombustionHighlights2015.pdf).<br />
31 United Nations, 2014: Commitment to sustainable transport<br />
mobilized at UN Climate Summit (www.un.org/climatechange/<br />
summit/2014/09/commitment-sustainable-transport-mobilized-
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