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Image source, Aquacell Pty Ltd Figure 5.3 Black Waste Water Treatment Systems Image source, Aquacell Pty Ltd Figure 5.4 Grey Waste Water Treatment Systems Hydraulic Services Design Guide - 5 th Edition March 2022 Chapter Five 40 www.copper.com.au
Rainwater Rainwater collection is the most common alternate source of water. Rainwater has been used as a primary water supply to many rural areas where town’s main water is not available. Within cities rainwater has been used as alternate sources of water to supplement the town’s main water for non-potable use e.g. irrigation; wash down, cooling towers etc. Rainwater has become an essential part of reducing the reliance on town’s main water supply due to the relatively inexpensive cost to treat, store and distribute throughout a development or building. Green building rating tools have been created with rainwater harvesting calculators to estimate the reduction of water drawn from the town’s water main to supply the building (Figure 5.5). These tools allow the designers to estimate the most efficient size of water storage while considering the cost to install the system. While there is increasing Government support for using rainwater tanks in <strong>Australia</strong>, there are states and territory requirements relating to design and installation. The government and health departments recommend that where a property can be supplied by town’s main water that the property be connected and town’s main water shall be used for drinking and personal ablution purposes. There is a vast amount of information to help the designers and building owners to assist them to design, build and operate a rainwater harvesting system and it is recommended that the designer use these available resources. It is the designer and installer’s responsibility to understand the relevant regulations when designing a rainwater harvesting system and to obtain all required approvals. The following links are provided to help designers to build and operate a rainwater harvesting system as outlined in the regulatory requirements. www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/ water/Pages/rainwater.aspx https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/ your-home/saving-water-at-home/ rainwater-tanks/index.htm https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__ data/assets/pdf_file/0020/444323/ rainwatertanks.pdf Rainwater harvesting can vary in size from a single dwelling to a multi-use highrise development. Generally a rainwater harvesting system comprises of the following components (Figure 5.6): • Rainwater catchment area (roof or surface water). • Gutter leaf guard. • Downpipe or drainage system. • First flush device. • Rainwater storage vessel (tank or dam). • Tank overflow to stormwater drainage. • Pump system. • Primary and secondary filtration system. • Ultra violet or chlorine disinfection. • Town’s water main back up. • Pipe distribution network. There are generally requirements in place including mandatory use of backflow prevention devices to prevent the possibility of water from tanks entering mains water supplies. Refer AS/NZS 3500. Discharge of rainwater or disposal of accumulated sludge may also be subject to local or state regulations environment protection acts. Hydraulic Services Design Guide - 5 th Edition March 2022 Chapter Five 41 www.copper.com.au
Page 1 and 2: Hydraulic Services Design Guide 5th
Page 3 and 4: 1 Chapter One Chapter 1 - Introduct
Page 5 and 6: Within the Copper Alliance, ICA mai
Page 7 and 8: 2 Chapter Two Chapter 2 - The Histo
Page 9 and 10: Copper Ores An ore is a rock (Figur
Page 11 and 12: Recycling Another important source
Page 13 and 14: 3 Chapter Three Chapter 3 - Copper
Page 15 and 16: Melting The charge of raw materials
Page 17 and 18: Extrusion Extrusion is often quite
Page 19 and 20: Copper plumbing tube is sold in eit
Page 21 and 22: 4 Chapter Four Chapter 4 - Copper T
Page 23 and 24: Copper: 99.90% minimum Phosphorus:
Page 25 and 26: Nominal Size DN AS 1432 TYPE C Actu
Page 27 and 28: Copper Tube - Safe Working Pressure
Page 29 and 30: Figure 4.2 Examples of acceptable m
Page 31 and 32: Sanitary Piping Sanitary piping sha
Page 33 and 34: 5 Chapter Five Chapter 5 - Water Su
Page 35 and 36: Water Conservation We all recognise
Page 37 and 38: Desalination / Blended Water Supply
Page 39: The following information forms par
Page 43 and 44: 6 Chapter Six Chapter 6 - Limitatio
Page 45 and 46: There are many case studies where M
Page 47 and 48: Pitting corrosion Pitting (non-unif
Page 49 and 50: Interface Corrosion Corrosion can b
Page 51 and 52: Stray current corrosion Where DC. e
Page 53 and 54: 7 Chapter Seven Chapter 7 - Joining
Page 55 and 56: Figure 7.1a Assembling Copper Flare
Page 57 and 58: PressFit Seals Different PressFit f
Page 59 and 60: DN50 Class/Table DN65 DN80 DN100 DN
Page 61 and 62: 8 Chapter Eight Chapter 8 - Pipewor
Page 63 and 64: 0 C Copper Rates of Thermal Expansi
Page 65 and 66: Height of Expansion Loop As a guide
Page 67 and 68: Expansion Allowance at Tees Figure
Page 69 and 70: 9 Chapter Nine Chapter 9 - Pipe Sup
Page 71 and 72: Anchors Pipe anchors prevent axial
Page 73 and 74: Figure 9.4 Standard Saddle Clamp Fi
Page 75 and 76: Piping Support Design AS/NZS 3500 W
Page 77 and 78: Cantilever Brackets Cantilever brac
Page 79 and 80: 10 Chapter Ten Chapter 10 - Valves
Page 81 and 82: Gate valves are primarily used as i
Page 83 and 84: Ball Valves - Screwed and Compressi
Page 85 and 86: Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
Page 87 and 88: Combination Isolating, Line Straine
Page 89 and 90: Figure 10.16a Butterfly Valve Figur
Page 91 and 92:
Balancing Valves Highly quality STA
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Swing Check Valves A swing check va
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11 Chapter Eleven Chapter 11 - Desi
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Design Principles Water quality The
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Water Demand for Building Water dem
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Definition of Water Pressures Stati
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Pipework Protection Wherever possib
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12 Chapter Twelve Chapter 12 - Cold
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Probable Simultaneous Flow Rate Est
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Water Pressure Requirements Water p
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Assumed Connection Details Street N
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Figure 12.5 Typical Direct Water Bo
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Velocity of Water Services Systems
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Water Velocity Recommended For Buil
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13 Chapter Thirteen Chapter 13 - He
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Design Principles For Heated Water
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Water Temperature The requirements
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Figure 13.1 One Pipe Reticulated Sy
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Figure 13.5 Hot Water Flow and Retu
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Two pipe - Reverse Return System Th
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Balancing Heated Water Systems Bala
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Design Guidelines for Selecting Hea
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Commercial tariff rates for electri
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Electric continuous flow - instanta
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15 Chapter Fifteen Chapter 15 - War
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The designer must be aware that, no
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Digital Monitored System A digitall
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16 Chapter Sixteen Chapter 16 - Pum
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Cavitation - Process in which small
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Pump Specifications and Technical D
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NPSH-curve (Net Positive Suction He
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Heating Circulation Systems The bes
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17 Chapter Seventeen Chapter 17 - P
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Water usage patterns are used to fo
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Designers need to be cognizant of t
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https://plumbing.org.au/shop/ gives
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For instance 30.5m head = 299kPa (s
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Pipe Friction There are many standa
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Minimum Residual Head This is the p
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Waterpipesize Applications The Free
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H2X Software Solution The process o
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Figure 17.7 Features of H2X Hydraul
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Testing and Commissioning The insta
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Performing the Test The test proced
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Records Maintaining records of test
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Industry Terminology Abbreviations,
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Definitions Access Opening: An open
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pH: A measure of the acidity or alk
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A Appendix A Appendix A - Acknowled
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Australian and International Standa
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Index A Acknowledgments............
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