“I Had a Dream to Finish School”

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Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-34419 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org
FEBRUARY 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-34419 “I Had a Dream to Finish School” Barriers to Secondary Education in Tanzania Map .................................................................................................................................... I Summary and Key Recommendations ................................................................................. 1 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 20 I. Background: Secondary Education in Tanzania .............................................................. 23 Tanzania’s Education System .................................................................................................. 25 Government Efforts to Accelerate Progress in Secondary Education ...........................................28 International Development Commitments ............................................................................... 31 Social and Economic Barriers Keeping Children Out of Secondary School ................................ 32 II. Tanzania’s International Legal Obligations ................................................................... 36 Right to Secondary Education ................................................................................................. 36 Quality of Education ............................................................................................................... 39 Right to Inclusive and Accessible Education ............................................................................ 40 Protection from Violence, including Sexual Violence, Corporal Punishment and Cruel and Degrading Forms of Punishment ............................................................................................. 41 Protection from Child Marriage and Child Labor ....................................................................... 43 III. Barriers to Accessing Secondary Education .................................................................. 45 Costs of Education in Secondary Schools ................................................................................ 45 Make-or-Break Exam as Barrier to Access Secondary Education ............................................... 50 Poor School Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 53 Inadequate Transportation ..................................................................................................... 54 IV. Corporal Punishment and Humiliating Treatment ......................................................... 57 Corporal Punishment as State-Sanctioned Practice ................................................................. 57 Widespread Use of Corporal Punishment ............................................................................... 60 V. Barriers, Discrimination and Abuse Against Female Students ........................................ 64 Exclusion of Pregnant Girls and Adolescent Mothers ............................................................... 65 Sexual Exploitation and Harassment Against Girls in Schools .................................................. 71
Page 1: H U M A N R I G H T S W A T C H “
Page 6 and 7: Lack of Adequate Sanitation Facilit
Page 9 and 10: Summary and Key recommendationS HUM
Page 11 and 12: All photos © 2016 Elin Martínez/H
Page 13 and 14: Education has been a national prior
Page 15 and 16: all children in Tanzania. This repo
Page 17 and 18: HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | FEBRUARY 2017
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Page 21 and 22: teachers. Many also face sexual exp
Page 23 and 24: The government’s recent commitmen
Page 25 and 26: A snapshot of “Our Cries,” a we
Page 27 and 28: End Discriminatory Barriers and Sex
Page 29 and 30: young adults from ages 10 to 19, in
Page 31 and 32: I. Background: Secondary Education
Page 33 and 34: government allocated an additional
Page 35 and 36: As of March 2016, there were 3,601
Page 37 and 38: The World Bank, one of Tanzania’s
Page 39 and 40: IV, the last year of lower-secondar
Page 41 and 42: 20 percent of the population was 67
Page 43 and 44: to 18 years. 68 In August 2016, Tan
Page 45 and 46: consolidation of the foundations fo
Page 47 and 48: ensure that the standards of educat
Page 49 and 50: Under the CRPD, Tanzania is also ob
Page 51 and 52: Protection from Child Marriage and
Page 53 and 54: III. Barriers to Accessing Secondar
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Similarly, when students who could
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Free means [refers to] school fees
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are not given another opportunity t
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As discussed above, the Tanzanian g
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Watch walked more than one hour to
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IV. Corporal Punishment and Humilia
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Human Rights Watch asked senior sch
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Fatma, 16, said: “Teachers hit st
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alternative way of managing classro
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Female students in many schools mus
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If they [girls] come from far away,
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Difficult Return to School After Pr
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Sexual Exploitation and Harassment
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schools, exacerbated by impunity an
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teenage pregnancy. 250 The governme
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Lack of Adequate Sanitation Facilit
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Female students reported multiple c
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According to Theresa, 19: They didn
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VI. Barriers Faced by Students with
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education at the Ministry of Educat
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Oscar, 18, mentioned previously, ha
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VII. Lack of Quality Education in S
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to fill the gap in secondary school
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teacher to help. The school has no
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Some students reported being punish
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VIII. Lack of Adequate Educational
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Many vocational training schools ar
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• Immediately change existing pol
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• Immediately end pregnancy testi
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• Ensure students with disabiliti
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Urge the Government of Tanzania to
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Msigallah and Gisela Berger of CCRB
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“I Had a Dream to Finish School”

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