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that can diagnose heart conditions, sensors that monitor asthma medication intake and detect poor air quality, and glucose monitors that send diabetics’ data straight to their smartphones. 71 McKinsey Global Institute estimates that remote monitoring could reduce the cost of treating chronic diseases in health systems by 10 to 20 percent by 2025. 72 Photo credit: Flickr / timgee • Telehealth (US$130-320 billion). Basic mobile internet technologies are already extending access to consultation and diagnosis to remote patients around the world. In the United States, Mercy Health Systems in Missouri has built a Virtual Care Center, staffed by hundreds of health care providers, that provides telehealth services across four states. 73 In remote Andhra Pradesh in India, Health Management and Research Institute, a non-profit organisation, provides an internet-based video system that allows pregnant women to consult obstetricians and gynaecologists in Hyderabad city. A community health worker joins the expectant mother for the call and helps the patient carry out the doctor’s instructions. The system has helped raise the rate of safe hospital or clinic deliveries by 50 percent. 74 2.3 Progress on all the Global Goals is needed to deliver all the benefits The Global Goals are highly integrated, which means progress on all of them is needed to open up all the business benefits they offer, as well as the overall societal gains. For instance, the research shows that effective action on climate change can be linked to achieving the objectives of strong economic growth and ending poverty, 34
while access to affordable energy will help reduce inequality and support sustainable industrialisation in the developing world. At the same time, major investments in infrastructure and innovation will be needed to meet the environmental targets set in the Global Goals. Links between the social and environmental goals are also marked: sustainable management of land and water ecosystems will help improve agricultural productivity and eliminate hunger and malnutrition, while climate action, better housing and less polluted cities will have widespread benefits for health and wellbeing. 75 Progress on the education goal is linked to improvement on more goals than any other. Achieving the Global Goals will certainly require new regulations. These are likely to include measures to address greenhouse gas emissions and encourage resource efficiency, like mandated carbon and water pricing (see Section 2.4 below and Section 3.7); regulations to protect labour rights and address discrimination in employment; and policies that strengthen governance, for instance, by tackling corruption and clarifying land rights. Some of these policies will add costs for individual businesses which, conventionally, business leaders might be expected to resist. And some of the goals may appear to lie beyond the responsibility of business, such as quality education and good health and well-being for everyone. However, the major market opportunities described in this section will not open up and go on growing without a healthy, productive, secure global workforce – formal and informal – with money to spend. They won’t be sustainable unless resources are priced for all competitors at levels that boost innovation while making sure current resource stocks last as long as possible. So there is a powerful business, as well as moral, case for the private sector to back progress towards all the Global Goals as they try to capture those market opportunities. 2.4 Pricing of externalities would increase the value of market opportunities The report’s sizing of opportunities is based on current prices. However, these largely do not reflect the cost of a range of externalities, in particular GHG emissions, and they include various subsidised and unpriced resources, including water, fossil fuels and food. The value of these resource subsidies globally is estimated to be over US$1 trillion a year. 76 35
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Page 3 and 4: THE BUSINESS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELO
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Page 7 and 8: 3.5 Incorporating the Global Goals
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Page 13 and 14: towards achieving the Global Goals
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Page 17 and 18: Leading for sustainable development
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Page 43 and 44: EXHIBIT 8: Almost 380 million jobs
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percent, or 200 million people worl
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to the centre of business practice,
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any other (see Section 2.3). Yet 26
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electorates are angry and fearful.
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Unilever promotes health and well-b
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The Commission believes it would be
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6. CONCLUSION This report has prese
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through putting less tax on labour
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such catalytic ideas, which could c
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Photo credit: Hailey Tucker and Gis
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18 United Nations World Commission
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57 International Energy Agency (IEA
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95 Data-Pop Alliance, 2015. Reflect
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139 World Cocao Foundation, 2014. C
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184 IFC, 2009. In a Historic Step,
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227 UN Women, 2016. UN Women Annual
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Lagos Deep Offshore Logistics Base
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Business and Sustainable Developmen
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